2027届高考英语一轮复习-语法填空-动词-词性转换-专题讲义

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦语法填空动词词性转换核心考点，系统梳理动词变名词（含-tion/-ment等后缀及特殊转换）、动词变形容词（含-able/-ing/-ed等后缀及词义辨析）两大模块，通过考点解析、方法指导、真题精讲、易错提醒及过关检测的教学流程，帮助学生构建完整知识体系，突破高考高频难点。 资料创新设计“避坑指南”（如不规则转换choose→choice）和同根词辨析表（如contribute→contributor/contribution），通过对比分析-ing/-ed形容词核心区别（如a disappointed look）培养学生思维品质，结合高考真题与名校模拟分层练习提升语言能力，为教师提供精准复习框架，助力学生高效掌握解题策略，提升应考能力。

2027届高考英语一轮复习：语法填空-动词-词性转换-专题讲义 一、动词变名词 【用法要点】 当设空处需要名词时（如作主语、宾语、表语，或被冠词、形容词、物主代词修饰时），应将动词转换为相应的名词形式。 解题步骤： 1. 分析结构：判断设空处在句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、表语等），确认需要名词。 2. 确定形式：根据构词法将动词转换为名词，注意常见的名词后缀。 3. 检查细节：注意名词的单复数、可数与不可数等。 常见的动词变名词后缀： 1. 表动作 / 状态 / 结果：-tion/-sion、-ment、-ure、-al、-ance/-ence 前/后缀 例词 -tion/-sion act → action; decide → decision; operate → operation -ment develop → development; enjoy → enjoyment; require → requirement -ure please → pleasure; fail → failure; expose → exposure -al refuse → refusal; arrive → arrival; approve → approval -ance/-ence appear → appearance; exist → existence; assist → assistance 2. 表身份 / 执行者：-er/-or/-ant 前/后缀 例词 -er/-or/-ant run → runner; act → actor; assist → assistant 3. 表抽象概念 / 关系：-ism、-ship 前/后缀 例词 -ism criticize → criticism; tour → tourism -ship lead → leadership; friend → friendship 4. 表集合 / 物质概念：-age、-ing 前/后缀 例词 -ing build → building; warn → warning; process → processing -age store → storage; marry → marriage 变形“避坑”指南：特殊拼写与易混辨析 掌握了基本后缀还不够，考试中往往考查“变形规则”和“词义辨析”的陷阱，请务必注意以下几点： (1) 不规则 / 特殊转换： choose → choice、speak → speech、grow → growth、believe → belief (2) 以-de结尾的动词变sion：decide → decision、conclude → conclusion (3) 以-fy结尾的动词变-cation：simplify → simplification (4) 重读闭音节双写：run → runner 同根名词辨析（指人 vs 指物）： 动词 名词 指人 指物 contribute contributor contribution pollute polluter pollution invent inventor invention produce producer product solve solver solution explore explorer exploration instruct instructor instruction develop developer development participate participant participation 【精讲真题】 1. For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain entirely in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi ___________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 【出处】2026年新高考II卷 【答案】instructor 【解析】考查名词。句意：拥有二十八年经验的太极老师安吉拉说，一节圆满的太极课是无杂念的一课。本空为指代人 Angela 的同位语，用名词 instructor “教练，老师”。 2. “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ___________ (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【出处】2025年新高考I卷 【答案】guidance 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词性物主代词 your，其后需接名词作动词 follow 的宾语。动词 guide 的名词形式为 guidance，意为 “引导，指引”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 【高考易错提醒】 动词变名词时，考生常犯以下错误： (1) 忘记转换词性，直接填写动词原形； (2) 混淆不同的名词后缀，如将 -tion 与 -ment 混用； (3) 忽略名词的单复数形式，尤其是不可数名词误加 -s； (4) 未注意句首大写。 做题时务必先判断句法功能，再确认后缀拼写，最后检查大小写和单复数。 【过关检测】 1. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 【出处】2024年浙江卷 【答案】criticism 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the和空格后的从句"that they lead to waste"，说明此处需要填入一个名词。原词criticize是一个动词，意为"批评"。动词criticize加上后缀"-ism"变为名词criticism，表示"批评"或"批判"。故填criticism。句意：许多超市不再进行"买一送一"的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。 2. Her breakthrough came when she won first prize in a national coding ___________ (compete) at age 15. 【出处】辽宁大连市第二十四中学2026年5月综合训练 【答案】competition 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词national和名词coding，说明此处需要填入名词。动词compete加上后缀"-tion"变为名词competition，表示"竞赛"。故填competition。句意：她的突破来自于15岁时在全国编程竞赛中获得一等奖。 3. It drives agricultural ___________ (modernize), helping South Africa's agriculture connect with the global digital economy. 【出处】山东烟台市2026届5月高考适应性测试 【答案】modernization 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词agricultural，说明此处需要填入名词。动词modernize加上后缀"-tion"变为名词modernization，表示"现代化"。故填modernization。句意：它推动了农业现代化，帮助南非农业与全球数字经济接轨。 4. With AI’s ___________ (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. 【出处】山东省实验中学2026届高三上学期12月第三次诊断 【答案】assistance 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有名词所有格AI's，说明此处需要填入名词。动词assist加上后缀"-ance"变为名词assistance，表示"协助"。故填assistance。句意：在人工智能的协助下，飞行员在实战化训练中取得了显著进步。 二、动词变形容词 【用法要点】 动词变形容词是高考语法填空词性转换的重要考点之一。当设空处需要形容词时（如在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、或在某些动词后作宾补），应将动词转换为相应的形容词形式。 解题步骤： 1. 分析结构：判断设空处需要形容词。常见位置：名词前作定语、系动词（be, seem, become, stay, feel等）后作表语、leave/find/make等动词后作宾补。 2. 确定形式：根据构词法将动词转换为形容词，注意常见后缀及-ing/-ed形容词的区别。 3. 检查语义：确保形容词的含义与上下文语境一致。 常见的动词变形容词后缀： 1. 表能力/可能性：-able/-ible 前/后缀 例词 -able/-ible read → readable; access → accessible 2. 表性质/特征：-ive/-ent/-ant/-ic 前/后缀 例词 -ive act → active; attract → attractive -ent/-ant depend → dependent; differ → different; please → pleasant -ic base → basic; hero → heroic 3. 表正在进行/令人：-ing 前/后缀 例词 -ing develop → developing; interest → interesting 4. 表已完成/感到：-ed 前/后缀 例词 -ed develop → developed; interest → interested 易错警示： (1) 同根派生形容词的词义辨析 同一动词通过不同后缀派生的形容词，词义往往存在明显差异，需精准区分核心词义，如respectable（体面的）与 respectful（恭敬的），considerate（体贴的）与 considerable（相当多的），comprehensive（全部的）与comprehensible（可理解的）等； (2) -ing /-ed 形容词的判定误区 切勿机械套用 “修饰人用 - ed，修饰物用 - ing” 的简化规则，二者核心区别为： · -ing 形容词：侧重事物本身具备 “令人产生某种感受” 的属性，可修饰事件、场景、事物等； · -ed 形容词：侧重 “（人）产生了某种主观感受”，也可修饰能够反映人情绪状态的名词（如 look, expression, voice, smile 等），例：a disappointed look（失望的神情）。 【精讲真题】 1. In cold weather, the structure stays ___________ (close) to protect the plants. 【出处】2024年新高考I卷 【答案】closed 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：在寒冷的天气里，该结构保持关闭以保护植物。空处用于系动词stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示"关闭的"。故填closed。 2. But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___________ (astonish). 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 【答案】astonished 【解析】考查动词变形容词。此处为"leave+宾语+宾补"的结构，设空处作宾补，表示人"感到吃惊的"，应用形容词"-ed"形式。动词astonish加上后缀"-ed"变为形容词astonished，表示"感到惊讶的"。故填astonished。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。 【高考易错提醒】 动词变形容词时，考生常犯以下错误： (1) 混淆 -ing 与 -ed 形容词——-ing 表示“令人……的”（描述事物特征），-ed 表示“感到……的”（描述人的感受），如 surprising（令人惊讶的）vs. surprised（感到惊讶的）； (2) 忘记过去分词形式可直接作形容词（如 closed, prepared, detailed）； (3) 拼写后缀时出错，如将 -able 误写为 -ible，或将 -ive 误写为 -tive。 做题时需先判断设空处修饰的是人还是物，再选择正确的后缀形式。 【过关检测】 1. However, his parents did not particularly support his interest in art, believing that it would not lead to a ___________ (promise) future. 【出处】2024届广西高中毕业班10月摸底检测 【答案】promising 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：然而，他的父母并不特别支持他对艺术的兴趣，认为这不会带来一个有前途的未来。空格后接名词future，需要填入形容词来修饰。动词promise加上后缀"-ing"变为形容词promising，表示"有前途的"。故填promising。 2. One ___________ (impress) skill is “the eggshell technique”. 【出处】2024届湖南省高三第三次模拟联考 【答案】impressive 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：一个令人印象深刻的技能是"薄胎技艺"。空格后接名词skill，需要填入形容词来修饰。动词impress加上后缀"-ive"变为形容词impressive，表示"令人印象深刻的"。故填impressive。 3. The inheritors of the dragon dance have set up workshops to demonstrate various aspects of the traditional art from the making techniques to ___________ (base) dance skills. 【出处】2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三3月综合测试（一） 【答案】basic 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：龙舞的传承者设立了工作坊，展示了传统艺术的各个方面，从制作技术到基本的舞蹈技能。空格后有名词短语dance skills，需要填入形容词来修饰。动词base加上后缀"-ic"变为形容词basic，表示"基本的"。故填basic。 4. Paris, August 1 — Chinese Pan Zhanle stunned the world by claiming the gold medal in the men's 100m freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics, breaking the world record with a ___________ (shock) time of 46.40 seconds. 【出处】2024-2025学年四川省成都市第七中学高三上学期开学考试 【答案】shocking 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：中国选手潘展乐在2024年巴黎奥运会男子100米自由泳比赛中以46.40秒的惊人成绩夺得金牌并打破世界纪录。空格后接名词time，需要填入形容词来修饰。动词shock加上后缀"-ing"变为形容词shocking，表示"令人震惊的"。故填shocking。 三、巩固练习 （一）高考真题 1. The movements have ___________ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail”. 【出处】2026 年新高考II卷 【答案】descriptive 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：这些招式有着形象生动的名字，如“捧碗”和“揽雀尾〞。本空修饰名词names，作定语，用形容词descriptive“描绘性的，形象的”。 2. ___________ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance. 【出处】2026 年浙江 1 月卷 【答案】Excitement 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格后有并列连词 and，与后面的名词 tension 构成并列结构，共同作独立主格结构的逻辑主语，需填入名词形式。动词 excite 的名词形式为 excitement，意为 “兴奋”，为不可数名词，句首首字母需大写。 3. Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___________(solve) to one-time event dressing. 【出处】2025年浙江卷1月 【答案】solution 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有不定冠词 a 和形容词比较级 less expensive，说明此处需填入可数名词单数。动词 solve 的名词形式为 solution，意为 “解决方案”，构成固定搭配 a solution to sth.（…… 的解决方案），符合句意。 4. They all agreed and vowed to promote the idea at the ___________ (complete) of their journey. 【出处】2024年全国甲卷 【答案】completion 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the和介词at，说明此处需要填入一个名词。原词complete是一个动词，意为"完成"。动词complete加上后缀"-ion"变为名词completion，表示"完成"或"结束"。故填completion。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。 5. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 【答案】warning 【解析】考查动词变名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更沉重的警告。weighty是形容词，形容词修饰名词，空格处需填名词。动词warn加上后缀"-ing"变为名词warning，意为"警示"。故填warning。 6. Since June 2017, right before the ___________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 【答案】arrival 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the和介词before，说明此处需要填入一个名词。动词arrive加上后缀"-al"变为名词arrival，表示"到达"或"到来"。故填arrival。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。 7. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 【出处】2022年全国甲卷 【答案】protection 【解析】考查动词变名词。句意：曹、吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。空格处位于动词promote之后，缺少名词作宾语。动词protect加上后缀"-ion"变为名词protection，表示"保护"。故填protection。 8. When the answer was no, she declined the ___________ (invite). 【出处】2022年浙江卷 【答案】invitation 【解析】考查动词变名词。设空处在定冠词the后，需要填写名词形式。动词invite加上后缀"-tion"变为名词invitation，作decline的宾语。故填invitation。句意：当回答是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。 9. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___________ (develop) of the local areas. 【出处】2021年全国乙卷 【答案】development 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the，说明此处需要填入名词。动词develop加上后缀"-ment"变为名词development，表示"发展"。故填development。句意：它与传统的旅游不同，因为它使旅行者了解该地区，并经常为地区保护提供资金，有利于当地的发展。 10. Also, technological know-how has become a ___________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most professions. 【出处】2020年新高考II卷 【答案】requirement 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有不定冠词a，说明此处需要填入名词。动词require加上后缀"-ment"变为名词requirement，表示"要求"或"需求"。故填requirement。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件。 11. This switch has decreased ___________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【出处】2018年全国II卷 【答案】pollution 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有及物动词has decreased，其后应接名词作宾语。动词pollute加上后缀"-ion"变为名词pollution，表示"污染"。故填pollution。句意：这一转变减少了该国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更安全。 12. This development was only possible with the ___________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 【出处】2017年全国II卷 【答案】introduction 【解析】考查动词变名词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the和介词with，说明此处需要填入名词。动词introduce加上后缀"-tion"变为名词introduction，表示"引入"。故填introduction。句意：只有引入电动引擎和升降机，这种发展才有可能。 （二）名校模拟 1. It would become a reminder of the importance of plant conservation and international scientific ___________ (collaborate). 【出处】辽宁省抚顺市六校协作体2026届高三二模 【答案】collaboration 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词scientific，说明此处需要填入名词。动词collaborate加上后缀"-ion"变为名词collaboration，表示"合作"。故填collaboration。句意：这将成为植物保护和国际科学合作重要性的一个提醒。 2. These technological applications not merely guarantee the event's success but leave a ___________ (value) legacy for urban governance. 【出处】T8联考2025-2026学年高三12月检测训练 【答案】valuable 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：这些技术应用不仅保证了活动的成功，也为城市治理留下了宝贵的遗产。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词legacy。value的形容词为valuable，表示"宝贵的"。故填valuable。 3. The festival serves as a ___________ (remind) to respect the past, cherish loved ones, and carry forward the traditions that shape cultural identity. 【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评 【答案】reminder 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有不定冠词a，说明此处需要填入名词。动词remind加上后缀"-er"变为名词reminder，表示"提醒"。故填reminder。句意：这个节日提醒人们要尊重过去、珍惜亲人，并传承那些塑造文化特质的传统。 4. In space, microgravity poses significant challenges to the stable ___________ (operate) of running a healthcare system. 【出处】山西大学附属中学校2025-2026学年高三下学期5月阶段检测 【答案】operation 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词stable，说明此处需要填入名词。动词operate加上后缀"-ion"变为名词operation，表示"运作"。故填operation。句意：在太空中，微重力对稳定运行医疗系统提出了重大挑战。 5. This year’s gala was particularly special because of its ___________ (impress) use of technology. 【出处】安徽江南十校2026届高三下学期5月学业质量检测 【答案】impressive 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：今年的春晚因其令人印象深刻的科技应用而格外特别。此处修饰名词use，需要用形容词作定语。impress的形容词形式为impressive，意为"令人印象深刻的"。故填impressive。 6. Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival serves as a window into the Song Dynasty, providing very ___________ (value) materials for future generations to understand and study the economic and social life of Chinese people over 800 years ago. 【出处】安徽省合肥一六八中学2026届高三一模考试 【答案】valuable 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：《清明上河图》如同一扇通往宋朝的窗口，为后世理解与研究800多年前中国人的经济社会生活提供了极其珍贵的资料。此处需要形容词valuable"有价值的"来修饰名词materials。故填valuable。 7. One of the reasons for the league's rapid rise is its focus on mass ___________ (participate). 【出处】湖北省楚天协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期开学 【答案】participation 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词mass，说明此处需要填入名词。动词participate加上后缀"-ion"变为名词participation，表示"参与"。故填participation。句意：该联赛迅速崛起的原因之一是其注重大众参与。 8. Canadians Steve and Ivana enthusiastically told their vlog viewers that walking down a Chinese city street is “so ___________ (impress) and different that it's hard to know where to start”. 【出处】江苏省南京市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月期中 【答案】impressive 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：加拿大人Steve和Ivana热情地表示，漫步中国城市街头"如此令人印象深刻且与众不同，以至于不知从何说起"。空处和different并列作表语，需要形容词。impress的形容词为impressive，意为"令人印象深刻的"。故填impressive。 9. Yufan’s EM program is one of the most ___________ (compete) programs nationwide. 【出处】江苏省无锡市2025-2026学年高三上学期期末模拟 【答案】competitive 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：宇凡的电子显微镜专业是全国范围内竞争最为激烈的课程之一。修饰名词programs用形容词competitive，表示"有竞争力的"。故填competitive。 10. As for me, I made a sincere ___________ (apologize) for my laziness and came to the realization that the key to success is diligence. 【出处】福建省厦门外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 【答案】apology 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有形容词sincere，说明此处需要填入名词。动词apologize去掉"-ize"加上"-y"变为名词apology，表示"道歉"。故填apology。句意：至于我，我为自己的懒惰做了真诚的道歉，并意识到成功的关键是勤奋。 11. In ___________ (recognize) of its uniqueness and cultural significance, UNESCO inscribed it on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 【出处】重庆市南开中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 【答案】recognition 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格在介词In之后，构成固定搭配in recognition of（鉴于，为了表彰），需要填入名词。动词recognize加上后缀"-tion"变为名词recognition。故填recognition。句意：鉴于其独特性和文化意义，联合国教科文组织将其列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。 12. Meanwhile, the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass from the Norwegian continental shelf generated a massive tsunami, and the ___________ (separate) of this landmass reshaped the geography of northern Europe. 【出处】河北衡水中学2025-2026学年度高三年级下学期二模综合素质评价 【答案】separation 【解析】考查动词变名词。空格前有定冠词the和介词of，说明此处需要填入名词。动词separate加上后缀"-ion"变为名词separation，表示"分离"。故填separation。句意：与此同时，一块苏格兰大小的陆地从挪威大陆架上断裂，引发了巨大的海啸，这块陆地的分离重塑了北欧的地理格局。 13. Cui Youxin, head of the___________ (create) cultural product center at the Gansu Provincial Museum, emphasized that only those deeply rooted in the soil of Chinese history and culture can stand the test of time. 【出处】2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试 【答案】creative 【解析】本题考查动词变形容词。根据句子结构，空格前有定冠词the，后有名词短语cultural product center，说明此处 需要填入一个形容词来修饰cultural product center。原词create是一个动词，意为“创造”。在本句中，需要将其转换为形容词形式来表示“创造性的”或“有创意的”。因此，正确答案为creative。句意:甘肃省博物馆文化创意产品中心负责人崔有欣强调，只有那些深深植根于中国历史和文化土壤中的事物才能经受住时间的考验。 14. Many people think that the sport isn’t ___________ (suit) for the “weaker bodies” of women. 【出处】2024届辽宁省丹东市高三下学期总复习质量测试（一） 【答案】suitable 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：许多人认为这项运动不适合"身体较弱"的女性。空格前有be动词isn't，说明此处需要填入形容词作表语。动词suit加上后缀"-able"变为形容词suitable，表示"适合的"。故填suitable。 15. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became seen as being more ___________ (respect). 【出处】2021-2022学年吉林省长春市东北师范大学附中高三上学期第三次摸底考试 【答案】respectable 【解析】考查动词变形容词。句意：渐渐地，这种舞蹈流传至阿根廷社会的上层阶级，并被视作一种更为体面的艺术形式。空格前有be动词became seen as being more，说明需要填入形容词作表语。动词respect加上后缀"-able"变为形容词respectable，表示"体面的"。故填respectable。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习：语法填空-动词-词性转换-专题讲义 一、动词变名词 【用法要点】 当设空处需要名词时（如作主语、宾语、表语，或被冠词、形容词、物主代词修饰时），应将动词转换为相应的名词形式。 解题步骤： 1. 分析结构：判断设空处在句中充当什么成分（主语、宾语、表语等），确认需要名词。 2. 确定形式：根据构词法将动词转换为名词，注意常见的名词后缀。 3. 检查细节：注意名词的单复数、可数与不可数等。 常见的动词变名词后缀： 1. 表动作 / 状态 / 结果：-tion/-sion、-ment、-ure、-al、-ance/-ence 前/后缀 例词 -tion/-sion act → action; decide → decision; operate → operation -ment develop → development; enjoy → enjoyment; require → requirement -ure please → pleasure; fail → failure; expose → exposure -al refuse → refusal; arrive → arrival; approve → approval -ance/-ence appear → appearance; exist → existence; assist → assistance 2. 表身份 / 执行者：-er/-or/-ant 前/后缀 例词 -er/-or/-ant run → runner; act → actor; assist → assistant 3. 表抽象概念 / 关系：-ism、-ship 前/后缀 例词 -ism criticize → criticism; tour → tourism -ship lead → leadership; friend → friendship 4. 表集合 / 物质概念：-age、-ing 前/后缀 例词 -ing build → building; warn → warning; process → processing -age store → storage; marry → marriage 变形“避坑”指南：特殊拼写与易混辨析 掌握了基本后缀还不够，考试中往往考查“变形规则”和“词义辨析”的陷阱，请务必注意以下几点： (1) 不规则 / 特殊转换： choose → choice、speak → speech、grow → growth、believe → belief (2) 以-de结尾的动词变sion：decide → decision、conclude → conclusion (3) 以-fy结尾的动词变-cation：simplify → simplification (4) 重读闭音节双写：run → runner 同根名词辨析（指人 vs 指物）： 动词 名词 指人 指物 contribute contributor contribution pollute polluter pollution invent inventor invention produce producer product solve solver solution explore explorer exploration instruct instructor instruction develop developer development participate participant participation 【精讲真题】 1. For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain entirely in one spot to warm up. Angela, a tai chi ___________ (instruct) with twenty-eight years of experience, says that a successful hour of tai chi is an hour with no negative thoughts. 【出处】2026年新高考II卷 2. “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ___________ (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【出处】2025年新高考I卷 【高考易错提醒】 动词变名词时，考生常犯以下错误： (1) 忘记转换词性，直接填写动词原形； (2) 混淆不同的名词后缀，如将 -tion 与 -ment 混用； (3) 忽略名词的单复数形式，尤其是不可数名词误加 -s； (4) 未注意句首大写。 做题时务必先判断句法功能，再确认后缀拼写，最后检查大小写和单复数。 【过关检测】 1. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___________ (criticize) that they lead to waste. 【出处】2024年浙江卷 2. Her breakthrough came when she won first prize in a national coding ___________ (compete) at age 15. 【出处】辽宁大连市第二十四中学2026年5月综合训练 3. It drives agricultural ___________ (modernize), helping South Africa's agriculture connect with the global digital economy. 【出处】山东烟台市2026届5月高考适应性测试 4. With AI’s ___________ (assist), pilots have made remarkable progress in real-combat-oriented training. 【出处】山东省实验中学2026届高三上学期12月第三次诊断 二、动词变形容词 【用法要点】 动词变形容词是高考语法填空词性转换的重要考点之一。当设空处需要形容词时（如在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、或在某些动词后作宾补），应将动词转换为相应的形容词形式。 解题步骤： 1. 分析结构：判断设空处需要形容词。常见位置：名词前作定语、系动词（be, seem, become, stay, feel等）后作表语、leave/find/make等动词后作宾补。 2. 确定形式：根据构词法将动词转换为形容词，注意常见后缀及-ing/-ed形容词的区别。 3. 检查语义：确保形容词的含义与上下文语境一致。 常见的动词变形容词后缀： 1. 表能力/可能性：-able/-ible 前/后缀 例词 -able/-ible read → readable; access → accessible 2. 表性质/特征：-ive/-ent/-ant/-ic 前/后缀 例词 -ive act → active; attract → attractive -ent/-ant depend → dependent; differ → different; please → pleasant -ic base → basic; hero → heroic 3. 表正在进行/令人：-ing 前/后缀 例词 -ing develop → developing; interest → interesting 4. 表已完成/感到：-ed 前/后缀 例词 -ed develop → developed; interest → interested 易错警示： (1) 同根派生形容词的词义辨析 同一动词通过不同后缀派生的形容词，词义往往存在明显差异，需精准区分核心词义，如respectable（体面的）与 respectful（恭敬的），considerate（体贴的）与 considerable（相当多的），comprehensive（全部的）与comprehensible（可理解的）等； (2) -ing /-ed 形容词的判定误区 切勿机械套用 “修饰人用 - ed，修饰物用 - ing” 的简化规则，二者核心区别为： · -ing 形容词：侧重事物本身具备 “令人产生某种感受” 的属性，可修饰事件、场景、事物等； · -ed 形容词：侧重 “（人）产生了某种主观感受”，也可修饰能够反映人情绪状态的名词（如 look, expression, voice, smile 等），例：a disappointed look（失望的神情）。 【精讲真题】 1. In cold weather, the structure stays ___________ (close) to protect the plants. 【出处】2024年新高考I卷 2. But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___________ (astonish). 【出处】2021年新高考I卷 【高考易错提醒】 动词变形容词时，考生常犯以下错误： (1) 混淆 -ing 与 -ed 形容词——-ing 表示“令人……的”（描述事物特征），-ed 表示“感到……的”（描述人的感受），如 surprising（令人惊讶的）vs. surprised（感到惊讶的）； (2) 忘记过去分词形式可直接作形容词（如 closed, prepared, detailed）； (3) 拼写后缀时出错，如将 -able 误写为 -ible，或将 -ive 误写为 -tive。 做题时需先判断设空处修饰的是人还是物，再选择正确的后缀形式。 【过关检测】 1. However, his parents did not particularly support his interest in art, believing that it would not lead to a ___________ (promise) future. 【出处】2024届广西高中毕业班10月摸底检测 2. One ___________ (impress) skill is “the eggshell technique”. 【出处】2024届湖南省高三第三次模拟联考 3. The inheritors of the dragon dance have set up workshops to demonstrate various aspects of the traditional art from the making techniques to ___________ (base) dance skills. 【出处】2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三3月综合测试（一） 4. Paris, August 1 — Chinese Pan Zhanle stunned the world by claiming the gold medal in the men's 100m freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics, breaking the world record with a ___________ (shock) time of 46.40 seconds. 【出处】2024-2025学年四川省成都市第七中学高三上学期开学考试 三、巩固练习 （一）高考真题 1. The movements have ___________ (describe) names like “holding the bowl” and “grabbing the bird’s tail”. 【出处】2026 年新高考II卷 2. ___________ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance. 【出处】2026 年浙江 1 月卷 3. Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ___________(solve) to one-time event dressing. 【出处】2025年浙江卷1月 4. They all agreed and vowed to promote the idea at the ___________ (complete) of their journey. 【出处】2024年全国甲卷 5. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【出处】2023年全国甲卷 6. Since June 2017, right before the ___________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 【出处】2023年新高考I卷 7. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect). 【出处】2022年全国甲卷 8. When the answer was no, she declined the ___________ (invite). 【出处】2022年浙江卷 9. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___________ (develop) of the local areas. 【出处】2021年全国乙卷 10. Also, technological know-how has become a ___________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most professions. 【出处】2020年新高考II卷 11. This switch has decreased ___________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【出处】2018年全国II卷 12. This development was only possible with the ___________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 【出处】2017年全国II卷 （二）名校模拟 1. It would become a reminder of the importance of plant conservation and international scientific ___________ (collaborate). 【出处】辽宁省抚顺市六校协作体2026届高三二模 2. These technological applications not merely guarantee the event's success but leave a ___________ (value) legacy for urban governance. 【出处】T8联考2025-2026学年高三12月检测训练 3. The festival serves as a ___________ (remind) to respect the past, cherish loved ones, and carry forward the traditions that shape cultural identity. 【出处】安徽省合肥市第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月教学质量测评 4. In space, microgravity poses significant challenges to the stable ___________ (operate) of running a healthcare system. 【出处】山西大学附属中学校2025-2026学年高三下学期5月阶段检测 5. This year’s gala was particularly special because of its ___________ (impress) use of technology. 【出处】安徽江南十校2026届高三下学期5月学业质量检测 6. Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival serves as a window into the Song Dynasty, providing very ___________ (value) materials for future generations to understand and study the economic and social life of Chinese people over 800 years ago. 【出处】安徽省合肥一六八中学2026届高三一模考试 7. One of the reasons for the league's rapid rise is its focus on mass ___________ (participate). 【出处】湖北省楚天协作体2025-2026学年高三上学期开学 8. Canadians Steve and Ivana enthusiastically told their vlog viewers that walking down a Chinese city street is “so ___________ (impress) and different that it's hard to know where to start”. 【出处】江苏省南京市2025-2026学年高三上学期12月期中 9. Yufan’s EM program is one of the most ___________ (compete) programs nationwide. 【出处】江苏省无锡市2025-2026学年高三上学期期末模拟 10. As for me, I made a sincere ___________ (apologize) for my laziness and came to the realization that the key to success is diligence. 【出处】福建省厦门外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 11. In ___________ (recognize) of its uniqueness and cultural significance, UNESCO inscribed it on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 【出处】重庆市南开中学校2025-2026学年高三上学期12月月考 12. Meanwhile, the breakaway of a Scotland-sized landmass from the Norwegian continental shelf generated a massive tsunami, and the ___________ (separate) of this landmass reshaped the geography of northern Europe. 【出处】河北衡水中学2025-2026学年度高三年级下学期二模综合素质评价 13. Cui Youxin, head of the___________ (create) cultural product center at the Gansu Provincial Museum, emphasized that only those deeply rooted in the soil of Chinese history and culture can stand the test of time. 【出处】2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试 14. Many people think that the sport isn’t ___________ (suit) for the “weaker bodies” of women. 【出处】2024届辽宁省丹东市高三下学期总复习质量测试（一） 15. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became seen as being more ___________ (respect). 【出处】2021-2022学年吉林省长春市东北师范大学附中高三上学期第三次摸底考试 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $