专题04 语法填空之提示词为名词和代词（词性转换）（知识清单)（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦语法填空之名词和代词词性转换，通过知识脑图搭建专题框架，涵盖名词（数的规则/不规则变化、所有格、构词法）和代词（人称/物主/反身代词、不定代词）核心知识点，配套优题精练含单句及语篇语法填空。 清单以分类表呈现名词构词法后缀（如动词变名词的-al、-ion等）和不定代词用法对比，结合2025新高考真题（如absent→absence）强化应用，培养语言能力与思维品质。设考点分层突破和实战通关模块，标注高频考点及易错点，助力学生自主复习，教师可据此优化教学策略。

清单04 语法填空之提示词为名词和代词 （词性转换） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 名词 知识点1 可数名词的数的规则变化形式 知识点2 可数名词的数的不规则变化形式 知识点3 名词所有格 知识点4 名词构词法 考点二 代词 知识点1 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词的形式 知识点2 不定代词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 考点1 名词 知识点1 可数名词的数的规则变化形式 直接在词尾加-s。 book → books map → maps 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，通常在词尾直接加-es。 glass → glasses watch → watches box → boxes brush → brushes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变-y 为-i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词或以-y结尾的专有名词，直接加-s。 factory → factories family → families boy → boys Henry → Henrys 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，直接加-s。以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般加-es。 bamboo → bamboos zoo → zoos hero → heroes tomato → tomatoes 以-f或-e结尾的名词，多数变-f或-fe为-v再加-es。 thief → thieves wife → wives knife → knives wolf → wolves half → halves life → lives leaf → leaves shelf → shelves ( 1. 一些以 “ 辅音字母 +o” 结尾的外来词和缩写词等，变复数时加 -s 。如 :piano → pianos 。 2. 有些以 + 结尾的名词变复数时直接加 -s 。如 :roof → roofs 。 3. 少数既可以直接加 -s ，也可以变 -f 或 -fe 为 v 再加 +es 。如： handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 。 ) 知识点2 可数名词的数的不规则变化形式 增加字母 child → children ox → oxen 改变名词中的元音字母或变为其他形式 man →men woman → women foot →feet goose → geese mouse → mice 单复数同形 1.三种动物：fish(鱼)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿) 2.某国人：Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，Swiss(瑞士人) 3.其他：means(方式，方法)，works(工厂) ( 1. 一些短语中名词用复数形式 如： take turns to do sth ， in high spirits ， make friends with ， shake hands with ， make preparations for ， make (both) ends meet ， take pains to do 2. 以复数形式出现的名词： thanks ， congratulations ， wishes ， greetings ， shoes ， trousers ， works( 著作；工厂 ) ， manners( 礼貌 ) ， instructions( 指导；用法说明 ) ， times( 时代 ) 等。 ) 知识点3 名词所有格 表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s” the boy’s bag, men’s rooms 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“'” the teachers’ reading room 表示两人或多人共有时，只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”；表示两人或多人分别所有时，则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。 Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师) These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包) 双重所有格即“of+名词所有格”，表示整体中的一个或者部分。 a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时, 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor’s在诊所; at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家 知识点4 名词构词法 动词变名词的后缀 -al approve赞成→approval 赞成 survive 幸存→survival 幸存 arrive到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物 refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝 propose提议→proposal 提议；建议 -ance/ -ence appear出现→appearance 出现；外貌 perform 表演→performance 表演 guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导 exist 存在→existence 存在 prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱 refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅 depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠 -ion/ -tion/ -ation direct指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导 expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望 invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬 solve 解决→solution 解决 compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争 describe 描述→description 描写 repeat 重复→repetition 重复 explain 解释→explanation 解释 pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音 -s(s)ion discuss讨论→discussion 讨论 admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入 decide 决定→decision 决定 -ing hear听→hearing 听力；听觉 listen 听→listening 听；听力 -ment achieve达到；完成→achievement 成就 develop 发展→development 发展 argue争论→argument 争论；论据 punish惩罚→punishment 惩罚 -ure/ -ture fail失败→failure 失败 press 压；挤→pressure 压力 mix 混合→mixture 混合物 expose 暴露→ exposure 面临；暴露 -y recover恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover 发现→discovery 发现 -er/-or teach教→teacher 老师announce播报→announcer 播音员 conduct指导，指挥→conductor 指挥；售票员 其他 常见 变化 choose选择→choice 选择 vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种 tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势 grow 生长→growth 生长 marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻 pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒 形容词变名词的后缀 -cy fluent流利的→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私 efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率 -dom free自由的→freedom 自由 wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧 -ness dark黑的→darkness黑暗 weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱 kind友好的→kindness善良 cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠 aware知道的；意识到的→awareness知道；意识 -th warm温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 deep 深的→depth 深(度) strong 强壮的→strength 力量 long 长的→length 长度 wide 宽的→width 宽度 -y/-ty/ -ity difficult困难的→difficulty 困难 honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实 safe 安全的→safety 安全 cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍 responsible 负责的→responsibility责任 -ce different不同的→difference 不同(之处) silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静 patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心 absent 缺席的→absence 缺席 present 出席的→presence 出席 confident 自信的→confidence 信心 convenient 方便的→convenience 便利 important 重要的→importance 重要(性) significant重要的，意义重大的→significance重要性，重大意义 ( ① 不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。 ② fun ， weather ， progress ， advice ， information ， news 为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。 ③ 抽象名词具体化： 表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如 a surprise ， a comfort 等。 表示 “ 一 ……” 的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如 have a good time ， have a good knowledge/command of 等。 ) 考点2 代词 知识点1 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词的形式 类别 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 you you your yours yourself you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves --Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ --It's me. 是我。 She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友. May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。 I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。 【附录】反身代词的习惯搭配 by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自；为自己 of oneself自动地 in oneself本质上；本身 apply oneself to专心致志于 behave oneself举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to致力于；献身于 help oneself to随便吃/用 enjoy oneself玩得开心 seat oneself就座；入席 make yourself at home别客气 teach oneself自学 2．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。 ( (1) 人称代词作主语用主格 , 作宾语、表语用宾格。 (2) 两个以上的人称代词并列 , 其次序排列原则 : ① 在并列主语中 ,“I” 总是放在最后 , 排列顺序为二 三 一 ( 人称 ) 。宾格 me 也一样。 ) 知识点2 不定代词 all/every/both/each/neither/none ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。 ②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。 ③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。 ④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。 ⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 ⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 anything/nothing/something/everything ①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。 ②nothing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。 ③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。 ④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。 the other，another，others与the others ①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。 ②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。 ③the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。 ④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。 替代词that，those，one，ones，the one，the ones ①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。 ②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。 ③the one替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。 ④the ones替代复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。 ⑤those替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。 ⑥ones替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。 1.another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few＋other＋复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。 Another three students went to that party.＝Three other students went to that party. 另外3个学生去了那个聚会。 Not all of them smoke.＝All of them don’t smoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026浙江1月)One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green ________(number) together. 2.(2026 浙江1月)She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ________(watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ________(excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 3.(2025新高考I卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘________(guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 4.(2025新高考II卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 5.(2025年1月浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ________(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 6.(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ________(solve) to one-time event dressing. 7.(2025年1月浙江卷)I really want to make this work for ________(people) lives today . 8.(2025天津高考第二次改编)The children are encouraged to follow their natural ________(curious), and learn about what interests them. 9.(2025新高考II卷)Over time, I’ve found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here. 10.(2026届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)In Sept., the 2025 China International Online Literature Week opened in Hangzhou, bringing together hundreds of writers, critics, industry representatives and communication experts from around the world to look into ________(plan) for the promotion of the global reach of Chinese online literature. 11.(2026届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)While AI can boost translation ________(efficient), “elegance” — the “ya” in the classic Chinese standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance — still requires a human touch. 12.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试英语试卷(二)It took longer than expected, they faced a ________(short) of food and one of the ships was leaking badly. 13.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学高三英语周考)The gradual ________(withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits(沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land. 14.(2026山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)It is now an apt time to go for a spring ________(out). 15.(026山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)These ________(scene) create a magnificent portrait of a beautiful China. 16.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)Event ________(organizer) shared their insights into several key areas: 17.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The designing philosophy dating back to the ________(evolve) of public perception, the customization of digital art, solidly based on Xi’an’s local culture, and the potential interaction between technology and art. 18.(2026届云南昆明市第一中学高三3月复习诊断英语试题)In February, several government ________(agency) jointly released an action plan to improve tourism train services that are friendly to seniors. 19.(2026届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3月)The term first emerged in 1956 when University of Chicago sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in parasocial relationships with onscreen personalities, mirroring their bonds with family and ________(friend) — except this was a one-way attachment. 20.(2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三模拟训练三改编)Airport food and drinks are usually more expensive than ________(that) outside for several practical and economic reasons. 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届江苏宿迁青华中学6月高三考前押题)Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for ___1___(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting ___2___(be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also ___3___ old fashioned fountain pens. Fountain pens ___4___(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer ___5___(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets ___6___ new one. So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the ___8___(improve) he sees in his students’ writing ___7___ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here ___9___(stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of ___10___(they). Passage 2 (2026届江苏无锡市南菁高级中学高三下学期考前学情自测)When a Spanish netizen posted a photo of herself wearing a pink, silk jacket, it quickly caught on. The ____1____(fashion) sportswear, which features a straight-button front, drew many praises, ____2____ people curious about the designer. This reflects a rising trend in Western fashion, ____3____ Chinese features such as the Mandarin collar(立领), frog buttons, and symmetrical (对称的) fronts are appearing. “New Chinese Style” is not new in China. It emerged at the start of the 21st century, gained strength around 2015, and ____4____(be) on an upward trend since 2021. The term has no precise ____5____(define), but can be seen as combining traditional Chinese elements with modern design language. Compared with traditional clothing, “New Chinese Style” emphasizes simplicity and practicality for everyday wear. The style goes for more accessible materials, making the clothing easier ____6____(wear) daily. “New Chinese Style” reflects a shift in mindset among Chinese people — they are moving from ____7____(view) merely as subjects of aesthetic(美学的) appreciation to becoming creators of their own aesthetic language. Yang Jie, ____8____ associate professor at the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, said that Western luxury brands have long explored Chinese elements. “It’s not ____9____(simple) a fashion trend,” Yang said. “It speaks to changes in the global landscape. As China’s influence continues to grow, Chinese culture is becoming more visible ____10____ recognized around the world.” Passage 3 (2026届河北沧州市黄骅市河北黄骅中学高三考前模拟)The Antiguan racer, a harmless grey-brown snake, lives in the twin-island country of Antigua and Barbuda. Winning the title of the world’s rarest snake in 1995, ____1____ only a few individuals remained, the Antiguan racer has been making a steady comeback with the help of Fauna & Flora International(FFI). Antiguan racers were not ____2____(endanger) in Antigua and Barbuda before the introduction of non-native animals. Small Asian mongooses(獴) ____3____(bring) to the islands to control invasive(侵入的) black rats, which were causing damage to local crops. However, the mongooses had little impact on the rats and instead fed on native species, ____4____(influence) most Antiguan racers. This, in turn, led to the species facing ____5____(extinct) in the 1930s. Subsequently, FFI helped wipe out the rats and other harmful invasive species from some islands around Antigua and reintroduced Antiguan racers to the islands. With researchers closely ____6____(monitor) them, the current population of Antiguan racers in the wild is on ____7____ increase thanks to conservation efforts. Many other species have also benefited ____8____ this work— particularly birds on the islands ____9____(clear) of invasive animals. The number of some species has increased more than thirty times. Species that have begun to increase ____10____(dramatic) again include many regional rare species, such as certain unique ducks. Passage 4 (2026届浙江省名校协作体G12联盟高三下学期二模)Before Benjamin Rene and Loic Michel left their hometown of Annecy in southeastern France ____1____ the morning of September 13, 2024, China was, to them, a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often encountered in headlines than in everyday conversation. “In France, China ____2____(feel) extremely far away,” says Rene, 27. “It almost represents the end of the world — as far as you can go by walking.” The idea ____3____ would eventually turn this abstract distance into lived experience was born two years earlier. The two friends found themselves talking about repetitive work routines and the sense of ____4____(stick) in daily life. Surprising even themselves, they made a bold decision: to walk all the way to China, choosing a low-carbon and ____5____(environmental) friendly way to travel. They spent more than half a year preparing. Maps ____6____(study), visas researched, physical training intensified. Eventually, they quit their jobs in Paris, packed only the ____7____(essential) into lightweight backpacks, and accepted that the road ahead would last well over a year. Their ____8____(plan) route would stretch roughly 13, 000 kilometers, pass through 16 countries, and end in Shanghai. China, which they entered on Sept 13 after a yearlong journey across Central Asia, marked ____9____ milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road ____10____(explore) China for about 450 days. Passage 5 (2026届安徽芜湖第一中学最后一卷)As a flagship program of ASEAN — China Media Week, the 5th session of the camp ____1____(gather) more than 200 participants. These included young hosts, scholars, students and media professionals from both ASEAN countries and China. This camp serves ____2____ a dynamic platform for cultural exchange and digital storytelling, ____3____ main goals are to foster ____4____(create) media models and expand online networks, ____50____(provide) young people with a larger stage ____6____(work) together in the region. The camp celebrates the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand, ____7____(combine) with the ASEAN-China Year of People-to-People Exchanges. A ____8____(represent) from Thailand and China spoke highly of the camp. He pointed out that it improves dialogues ____9____ strengthens the cooperation between the two sides, helping deepen ____10____ mutual understanding by telling people-centered stories. In addition to the camp itself, a televised opening gala will be broadcast in July on media platforms in both China and Thailand. 10 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单04 语法填空之提示词为名词和代词 （词性转换） 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 名词 知识点1 可数名词的数的规则变化形式 知识点2 可数名词的数的不规则变化形式 知识点3 名词所有格 知识点4 名词构词法 考点二 代词 知识点1 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词的形式 知识点2 不定代词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 考点1 名词 知识点1 可数名词的数的规则变化形式 直接在词尾加-s。 book → books map → maps 以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，通常在词尾直接加-es。 glass → glasses watch → watches box → boxes brush → brushes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变-y 为-i再加-es。以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词或以-y结尾的专有名词，直接加-s。 factory → factories family → families boy → boys Henry → Henrys 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，直接加-s。以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，一般加-es。 bamboo → bamboos zoo → zoos hero → heroes tomato → tomatoes 以-f或-e结尾的名词，多数变-f或-fe为-v再加-es。 thief → thieves wife → wives knife → knives wolf → wolves half → halves life → lives leaf → leaves shelf → shelves ( 1. 一些以 “ 辅音字母 +o” 结尾的外来词和缩写词等，变复数时加 -s 。如 :piano → pianos 。 2. 有些以 + 结尾的名词变复数时直接加 -s 。如 :roof → roofs 。 3. 少数既可以直接加 -s ，也可以变 -f 或 -fe 为 v 再加 +es 。如： handkerchief → handkerchiefs/handkerchieves 。 ) 知识点2 可数名词的数的不规则变化形式 增加字母 child → children ox → oxen 改变名词中的元音字母或变为其他形式 man →men woman → women foot →feet goose → geese mouse → mice 单复数同形 1.三种动物：fish(鱼)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿) 2.某国人：Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)，Swiss(瑞士人) 3.其他：means(方式，方法)，works(工厂) ( 1. 一些短语中名词用复数形式 如： take turns to do sth ， in high spirits ， make friends with ， shake hands with ， make preparations for ， make (both) ends meet ， take pains to do 2. 以复数形式出现的名词： thanks ， congratulations ， wishes ， greetings ， shoes ， trousers ， works( 著作；工厂 ) ， manners( 礼貌 ) ， instructions( 指导；用法说明 ) ， times( 时代 ) 等。 ) 知识点3 名词所有格 表示有生命的名词在词尾加“'s” the boy’s bag, men’s rooms 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“'” the teachers’ reading room 表示两人或多人共有时，只在后一个名词词尾加“'s”；表示两人或多人分别所有时，则在每个名词词尾加“'s”。 Jim Green is Lucy and Lily's teacher. (两个人共同的老师) These are Lucy's and Michael's bags. (两个人各自的书包) 双重所有格即“of+名词所有格”，表示整体中的一个或者部分。 a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends 我父亲的一位朋友 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时, 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor’s在诊所; at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家 知识点4 名词构词法 动词变名词的后缀 -al approve赞成→approval 赞成 survive 幸存→survival 幸存 arrive到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物 refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝 propose提议→proposal 提议；建议 -ance/ -ence appear出现→appearance 出现；外貌 perform 表演→performance 表演 guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导 exist 存在→existence 存在 prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱 refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅 depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠 -ion/ -tion/ -ation direct指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导 expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望 invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬 solve 解决→solution 解决 compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争 describe 描述→description 描写 repeat 重复→repetition 重复 explain 解释→explanation 解释 pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音 -s(s)ion discuss讨论→discussion 讨论 admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入 decide 决定→decision 决定 -ing hear听→hearing 听力；听觉 listen 听→listening 听；听力 -ment achieve达到；完成→achievement 成就 develop 发展→development 发展 argue争论→argument 争论；论据 punish惩罚→punishment 惩罚 -ure/ -ture fail失败→failure 失败 press 压；挤→pressure 压力 mix 混合→mixture 混合物 expose 暴露→ exposure 面临；暴露 -y recover恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover 发现→discovery 发现 -er/-or teach教→teacher 老师announce播报→announcer 播音员 conduct指导，指挥→conductor 指挥；售票员 其他 常见 变化 choose选择→choice 选择 vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种 tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势 grow 生长→growth 生长 marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻 pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒 形容词变名词的后缀 -cy fluent流利的→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私 efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率 -dom free自由的→freedom 自由 wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧 -ness dark黑的→darkness黑暗 weak虚弱的→weakness虚弱 kind友好的→kindness善良 cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠 aware知道的；意识到的→awareness知道；意识 -th warm温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 deep 深的→depth 深(度) strong 强壮的→strength 力量 long 长的→length 长度 wide 宽的→width 宽度 -y/-ty/ -ity difficult困难的→difficulty 困难 honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实 safe 安全的→safety 安全 cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍 responsible 负责的→responsibility责任 -ce different不同的→difference 不同(之处) silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静 patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心 absent 缺席的→absence 缺席 present 出席的→presence 出席 confident 自信的→confidence 信心 convenient 方便的→convenience 便利 important 重要的→importance 重要(性) significant重要的，意义重大的→significance重要性，重大意义 ( ① 不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。 ② fun ， weather ， progress ， advice ， information ， news 为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。 ③ 抽象名词具体化： 表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如 a surprise ， a comfort 等。 表示 “ 一 ……” 的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如 have a good time ， have a good knowledge/command of 等。 ) 考点2 代词 知识点1 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词的形式 类别 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 第一 人称 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 you you your yours yourself you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves --Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ --It's me. 是我。 She is my closest friend. 她是我最要好的朋友. May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。 I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。 【附录】反身代词的习惯搭配 by oneself独自地 for oneself亲自；为自己 of oneself自动地 in oneself本质上；本身 apply oneself to专心致志于 behave oneself举止得体；行为检点 dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to致力于；献身于 help oneself to随便吃/用 enjoy oneself玩得开心 seat oneself就座；入席 make yourself at home别客气 teach oneself自学 2．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。 ( (1) 人称代词作主语用主格 , 作宾语、表语用宾格。 (2) 两个以上的人称代词并列 , 其次序排列原则 : ① 在并列主语中 ,“I” 总是放在最后 , 排列顺序为二 三 一 ( 人称 ) 。宾格 me 也一样。 ) 知识点2 不定代词 all/every/both/each/neither/none ①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。 ②every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。 ③both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。 ④each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。 ⑤none表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 ⑥neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。 anything/nothing/something/everything ①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。 ②nothing表示“什么也没有”，用于否定句中。 ③something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。 ④everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。 the other，another，others与the others ①another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。 ②others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。 ③the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。 ④特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。 替代词that，those，one，ones，the one，the ones ①one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。 ②that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词/不可数名词”。 ③the one替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the＋单数名词”。 ④the ones替代复数名词，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。 ⑤those替代复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，相当于“the＋可数名词复数”。 ⑥ones替代复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。 1.another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。“基数词/few＋other＋复数名词”也表示“另外的……(多少)”。 Another three students went to that party.＝Three other students went to that party. 另外3个学生去了那个聚会。 Not all of them smoke.＝All of them don’t smoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。 优题精练●专题实战通关 一．单句语法填空 1.(2026浙江1月)One of my earliest memories is being held in her arms, counting down the flashing green ________(number) together. 【答案】numbers 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number“数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作宾语。故填numbers。 2.(2026 浙江1月)She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ________(watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ________(excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 【答案】excitement 【详解】考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite的名词形式excitement“兴奋”。故填excitement。 3.(2025新高考I卷)You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘________(guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 【答案】guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 4.(2025新高考II卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 【答案】afternoons 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 5.(2025年1月浙江卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ________(time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 【答案】times 【详解】考查名词的数。由前面的“fewer”可知，此处需要用名词的复数形式，表示“更少的次数”。 6.(2025年1月浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive ________(solve) to one-time event dressing. 【答案】solution 【详解】考查名词。此处需填入名词作宾语，且根据语境表示“解决方法”，应填solution。 7.(2025年1月浙江卷)I really want to make this work for ________(people) lives today . 【答案】people’s 【详解】考查名词所有格。根据句意“适应当今人们的生活”可知，此处需使用所有格，表示“人们的生活”，故填people's。 8.(2025天津高考第二次改编)The children are encouraged to follow their natural ________(curious), and learn about what interests them. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们被鼓励去追随自己天生的好奇心，去探索他们感兴趣的事物。。根据后文“and learn about what interests them”指鼓励孩子追随自己的好奇心。故填curiosity。 9.(2025新高考II卷)Over time, I’ve found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here. 【答案】myself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 10.(2026届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)In Sept., the 2025 China International Online Literature Week opened in Hangzhou, bringing together hundreds of writers, critics, industry representatives and communication experts from around the world to look into ________(plan) for the promotion of the global reach of Chinese online literature. 【答案】plans 【详解】考查名词。句意：9月，2025中国国际网络文学周在杭州开幕，汇聚了来自全球数百位作家、评论家、行业代表与传播专家，共同探讨提升中国网络文学全球影响力的规划。介词into后接名词作宾语，plan为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填plans。 11.(2026届河北省文安县第一中学高三下学期一模)While AI can boost translation ________(efficient), “elegance” — the “ya” in the classic Chinese standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance — still requires a human touch. 【答案】efficiency 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管人工智能能够提升翻译效率，但中国传统翻译标准“信、达、雅” 中的“雅”，依旧需要人工打磨。动词后接名词作宾语，efficiency“效率”，是不可数名词。故填efficiency。 12.(2026届河南鹤壁市高中上学期规范化考试英语试卷(二)It took longer than expected, they faced a ________(short) of food and one of the ships was leaking badly. 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这比预期的时间要长，他们面临食物短缺，其中一艘船严重漏水。根据空前的冠词a可知，空处应填名词作宾语，short的名词形式是shortage，表示“短缺”。故填shortage。 13.(2026届湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学高三英语周考)The gradual ________(withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits(沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land. 【答案】withdrawal 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着时间推移，海水逐渐退去，留下了盐分沉积物，形成了227.330公顷的盐碱地。形容词gradual后接名词，withdraw的名词形式是withdrawal，表“退回”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填withdrawal。 14.(2026山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)It is now an apt time to go for a spring ________(out). 【答案】outing 【详解】考查名词。句意：现在正是去春游的好时机。spring outing为固定搭配，意为“春游”，空前有不定冠词a修饰，故填名词单数outing。故填outing。 15.(026山东济南市高三4月阶段性检测)These ________(scene) create a magnificent portrait of a beautiful China. 【答案】scenes 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：从中国南方的繁花绿柳，到黑龙江省雪后的新花，再到居庸关长城脚下蜿蜒穿过花海的春游专列，这些景象构成了一幅美丽中国的壮丽画卷。these后接可数名词复数，scene“场景，景象”的复数形式为scenes。故填scenes。 16.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)Event ________(organizer) shared their insights into several key areas: 【答案】organizers 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：活动组织者分享了他们在几个关键领域的见解：可追溯至公众认知演变的设计理念、数字艺术的定制化创作 —— 其扎实根基建立在西安本土文化之上 —— 以及科技与艺术的潜在互动性。由shared their insights可知，空格处用名词作主语，指“组织者”，是organizer，由their可知，空格处用复数，故填organizers。 17.(2026届福建恒一教育集团高三毕业班四月质量检测)The designing philosophy dating back to the ________(evolve) of public perception, the customization of digital art, solidly based on Xi’an’s local culture, and the potential interaction between technology and art. 【答案】evolution 【详解】考查名词。句意：活动组织者分享了他们在几个关键领域的见解：可追溯至公众认知演变的设计理念、数字艺术的定制化创作 —— 其扎实根基建立在西安本土文化之上 —— 以及科技与艺术的潜在互动性。由the和of可知，空格处用名词，evolve的名词是evolution，是不可数名词，意为“演变”，故填evolution。 18.(2026届云南昆明市第一中学高三3月复习诊断英语试题)In February, several government ________(agency) jointly released an action plan to improve tourism train services that are friendly to seniors. 【答案】agencies 【详解】考查名词。句意：2月，多个政府机构联合发布了一项行动计划，旨在改善对老年人友好的旅游列车服务。agency(机构)是可数名词，作主语，由several修饰，应用复数形式。故填agencies。 19.(2026届江苏扬州市广陵区扬州市新华中学高三3月)The term first emerged in 1956 when University of Chicago sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in parasocial relationships with onscreen personalities, mirroring their bonds with family and ________(friend) — except this was a one-way attachment. 【答案】friends 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这个术语最早于1956年出现，当时芝加哥大学的社会学家观察到电视观众与屏幕上的人物建立起了拟社会关系，这种关系与他们与家人和朋友之间的关系相似——只不过这是一种单向的依恋。friend是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，故填friends。 20.(2025-2026学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三模拟训练三改编)Airport food and drinks are usually more expensive than ________(that) outside for several practical and economic reasons. 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：由于几个实际和经济原因，机场的食物和饮料通常比外面的贵。此处指代上文的“food and drinks”，且表特指，应用those。 二．语篇语法填空 Passage 1 (2026届江苏宿迁青华中学6月高三考前押题)Whenever you have to write a paper, a letter, or any other document for work or school, you probably head toward the computer. Now, most people reach for ___1___(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. In a Scottish primary school, however, Mr. Norman Lewis is taking a different approach. He feels that neat handwriting ___2___(be) still an important skill, so he has his students write not only by hand but also ___3___ old fashioned fountain pens. Fountain pens ___4___(use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. Today, a writer ___5___(simple) throws an empty pen away and gets ___6___ new one. So far, Mr. Lewis is pleased with the results of his experiment. He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. He is happy with the ___8___(improve) he sees in his students’ writing ___7___ in his own writing. He knows that computers are here ___9___(stay) and that they will not disappear. However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of ___10___(they). 【答案】 1. keyboards 2. is 3. with 4. were used 5. simply 6. a 7. improvement 8. and 9. to stay 10. themselves 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在苏格兰的一所小学里，诺曼·刘易斯让学生使用老式钢笔写字取得良好效果的故事。 1. 考查名词的数。句意：现在，大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知，空格处应填名词作宾语，keyboard为可数名词，前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。 2. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能，所以他不仅让学生手写，还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。空格处作谓语，本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语handwriting为不可数名词，应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填is。 3. 考查介词。句意：他觉得整洁的书写仍然是一项重要的技能，所以他不仅让学生手写，还让他们用老式的钢笔写字。根据空格后的名词old fashioned fountain pens可知，空格处应填介词，表示“使用”应用介词with。故填with。 4. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 5. 考查副词。句意：今天，一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉，再买一支新的。空格处作状语，修饰动词throws，应用副词形式。故填simply。 6. 考查冠词。句意：今天，一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉，再买一支新的。空格后的代词one指代可数名词pen，此处表示泛指，且new是以辅音音标开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 7. 考查名词。句意：他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词the可知，空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语，表示“改善”是improvement，为不可数名词。故填improvement。 8. 考查连词。句意：他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。空格前短语in his students’ writing和空格后的短语in his own writing为并列关系，应用and表示这种关系。故填and。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在下去，而且不会消失。根据空前的动词are可知，空格处应填不定式作状语，be here to do为固定搭配，表示“(事物)已成定局、扎根下来、不会消失”。故填to stay。 10. 考查代词。句意：然而，他认为，用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力，写得更快，他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应填代词作宾语，根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。 Passage 2 (2026届江苏无锡市南菁高级中学高三下学期考前学情自测)When a Spanish netizen posted a photo of herself wearing a pink, silk jacket, it quickly caught on. The ____1____(fashion) sportswear, which features a straight-button front, drew many praises, ____2____ people curious about the designer. This reflects a rising trend in Western fashion, ____3____ Chinese features such as the Mandarin collar(立领), frog buttons, and symmetrical (对称的) fronts are appearing. “New Chinese Style” is not new in China. It emerged at the start of the 21st century, gained strength around 2015, and ____4____(be) on an upward trend since 2021. The term has no precise ____5____(define), but can be seen as combining traditional Chinese elements with modern design language. Compared with traditional clothing, “New Chinese Style” emphasizes simplicity and practicality for everyday wear. The style goes for more accessible materials, making the clothing easier ____6____(wear) daily. “New Chinese Style” reflects a shift in mindset among Chinese people — they are moving from ____7____(view) merely as subjects of aesthetic(美学的) appreciation to becoming creators of their own aesthetic language. Yang Jie, ____8____ associate professor at the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, said that Western luxury brands have long explored Chinese elements. “It’s not ____9____(simple) a fashion trend,” Yang said. “It speaks to changes in the global landscape. As China’s influence continues to grow, Chinese culture is becoming more visible ____10____ recognized around the world.” 【答案】 1. fashionable 2. with 3. where 4. has been 5. definition 6. to wear 7. being viewed 8. an 9. simply 10. and 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍新中式风格服饰走红海外的现象，讲述其发展历程、设计特点，以及该潮流背后体现出国人审美心态转变和中国文化在全球影响力不断提升的现状。 1. 考查形容词。句意：这款前襟直排扣设计的时尚运动服饰收获众多好评，也让人们对其设计师心生好奇。空后为名词sportswear，需用形容词作定语修饰名词，fashion对应的形容词为fashionable。 2. 考查介词。句意同上。此处为with + 名词 + 形容词的复合结构作伴随状语。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：这反映出西方时尚界的一种新兴潮流，立领、盘扣、对称衣身等中式元素频频出现。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的trend，从句缺状语，用关系副词where引导。 4. 考查现在完成时。句意：它兴起于21世纪初，2015年左右逐步壮大，自2021年起一直呈上升发展态势。时间状语since 2021为现在完成时标志，主语it为单数，助动词用has。 5. 考查名词。句意：这个词汇没有精准的定义，但可以看作是中国传统元素与现代设计理念的融合。形容词precise后接名词作宾语，define对应的名词形式为definition。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种风格选用更亲民的面料，让服饰日常穿着更加便捷。固定结构make it + 形容词 + to do sth.表示“使得做某事变得……”，此处用不定式to wear。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：新中式风格折射出中国人思想观念的转变 —— 国人不再仅仅被视作审美欣赏的受众，转而成为自身审美体系的创造者。介词from后接动名词，主语they与view构成被动关系，用动名词的被动形式being viewed。 8. 考查冠词。句意：北京服装学院副教授Yang Jie表示，西方奢侈品牌长期以来一直在挖掘运用中国元素。associate是以元音音素开头的单词，表示一位副教授，用不定冠词an。 9. 考查副词。句意：Yang说：“这绝不只是一股时尚潮流。”此处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，simple对应的副词为simply。 10. 考查并列连词。句意：随着中国影响力持续提升，中国文化在全球变得愈发瞩目且广受认可。visible与recognized为并列形容词，用并列连词and连接。 Passage 3 (2026届河北沧州市黄骅市河北黄骅中学高三考前模拟)The Antiguan racer, a harmless grey-brown snake, lives in the twin-island country of Antigua and Barbuda. Winning the title of the world’s rarest snake in 1995, ____1____ only a few individuals remained, the Antiguan racer has been making a steady comeback with the help of Fauna & Flora International(FFI). Antiguan racers were not ____2____(endanger) in Antigua and Barbuda before the introduction of non-native animals. Small Asian mongooses(獴) ____3____(bring) to the islands to control invasive(侵入的) black rats, which were causing damage to local crops. However, the mongooses had little impact on the rats and instead fed on native species, ____4____(influence) most Antiguan racers. This, in turn, led to the species facing ____5____(extinct) in the 1930s. Subsequently, FFI helped wipe out the rats and other harmful invasive species from some islands around Antigua and reintroduced Antiguan racers to the islands. With researchers closely ____6____(monitor) them, the current population of Antiguan racers in the wild is on ____7____ increase thanks to conservation efforts. Many other species have also benefited ____8____ this work— particularly birds on the islands ____9____(clear) of invasive animals. The number of some species has increased more than thirty times. Species that have begun to increase ____10____(dramatic) again include many regional rare species, such as certain unique ducks. 【答案】 1. when 2. endangered 3. were brought 4. influencing 5. extinction 6. monitoring 7. the 8. from/by 9. cleared 10. dramatically 【导语】文章主要讲述安提瓜游蛇历经濒危，在保护下数量逐步恢复。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：1995年它获评全球最珍稀蛇类，当时仅存少数个体，如今在野生动植物国际组织帮助下数量稳步回升。此处引导定语从句，修饰1995，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。 2. 考查形容词。句意：在外来物种被引入之前，安提瓜游蛇在当地并未濒临灭绝。本空作表语，用形容词endangered，表示“濒临灭绝的”。 3. 考查动词语态。句意：小型亚洲獴被带到这些岛屿以控制入侵的黑鼠，这些黑鼠当时正在破坏当地作物。主语Small Asian mongooses与动词bring是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用were brought。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而獴几乎对老鼠毫无作用，反而捕食本地物种，影响了绝大多数安提瓜游蛇。此处表自然而然的结果。现在分词influencing，作结果状语。 5. 考查名词。句意：这进而导致该物种在20世纪30年代濒临灭绝。作宾语，用名词形式为extinction。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在研究人员的密切监测下，得益于保护工作，野生安提瓜游蛇的数量正在增加。此处为with的复合结构，researchers与monitor是主动关系，用现在分词monitoring，作宾补。 7. 考查冠词。句意：在研究人员的密切监测下，得益于保护工作，野生安提瓜游蛇的数量正在增加。固定搭配on the increase，表示“在增长”。 8. 考查介词。句意：许多其他物种也从这项工作中获益，特别是那些已清除入侵动物的岛屿上的鸟类。固定搭配benefit from表示“从……中受益”，本空用介词from。也可以用介词by，表示“通过”。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多其他物种也从这项工作中获益，特别是那些已清除入侵动物的岛屿上的鸟类。名词islands与动词clear是被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。 10. 考查副词。句意：许多地区珍稀物种数量也开始大幅回升，其中包括一些特有鸭类。本空修饰动词increase，作状语，用副词dramatically。 Passage 4 (2026届浙江省名校协作体G12联盟高三下学期二模)Before Benjamin Rene and Loic Michel left their hometown of Annecy in southeastern France ____1____ the morning of September 13, 2024, China was, to them, a distant yet fascinating place, a name more often encountered in headlines than in everyday conversation. “In France, China ____2____(feel) extremely far away,” says Rene, 27. “It almost represents the end of the world — as far as you can go by walking.” The idea ____3____ would eventually turn this abstract distance into lived experience was born two years earlier. The two friends found themselves talking about repetitive work routines and the sense of ____4____(stick) in daily life. Surprising even themselves, they made a bold decision: to walk all the way to China, choosing a low-carbon and ____5____(environmental) friendly way to travel. They spent more than half a year preparing. Maps ____6____(study), visas researched, physical training intensified. Eventually, they quit their jobs in Paris, packed only the ____7____(essential) into lightweight backpacks, and accepted that the road ahead would last well over a year. Their ____8____(plan) route would stretch roughly 13, 000 kilometers, pass through 16 countries, and end in Shanghai. China, which they entered on Sept 13 after a yearlong journey across Central Asia, marked ____9____ milestone, not just in geographical terms, but emotionally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road ____10____(explore) China for about 450 days. 【答案】 1. on 2. feels 3. that/which 4. being stuck 5. environmentally 6. were studied 7. essentials 8. planned 9. a 10. to explore 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述两位法国年轻人决定徒步前往中国，以此开启低碳旅程，并在途中探索中国的故事。 1. 考查介词。句意：2024年9月13日早上，在本杰明・勒内(Benjamin Rene)和洛伊克・米歇尔(Loic Michel)离开法国东南部的故乡阿讷西(Annecy)之前，对他们来说，中国是一个遥远却迷人的地方，这个名字更多出现在新闻头条，而非日常对话中。在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上，应用介词on。故填on。 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：勒内说：“在法国，中国感觉非常遥远。”此处考查谓语动词，China与feel为主动关系，这里描述客观感受，应用一般现在时；主语China是单数第三人称，谓语动词feel用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：最终将这种抽象的距离转化为真实体验的想法，是两年前萌生的。此空考查定语从句，先行词是The idea，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这两个朋友聊起了重复的工作日常，以及困在日常生活中的感觉。介词of后接动名词作宾语；be stuck in 意为“被困在；陷入”，此处应用动名词的被动形式being stuck，符合语境。故填being stuck。 5. 考查副词。句意：他们选择了一种低碳且环保的旅行方式。修饰形容词friendly，应用副词environmentally，构成environmentally friendly，表“环保的”，符合语境。故填environmentally。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：他们研究了地图，调研了签证，加强了体能训练。此处考查谓语动词，主语Maps与study是被动关系，且这里描述过去情况，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were studied。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：最终，他们辞去了巴黎的工作，只把必需品装进轻便背包。essential作名词时意为“必需品”，是可数名词，此处指“各种必需品”，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填essentials。 8. 考查形容词。句意：他们计划中的路线全长约1.3万公里，将途经16个国家，最终抵达上海。修饰名词route，应用形容词planned，意为“计划中的”，符合语境。故填planned。 9. 考查冠词。句意：他们在中亚跋涉一年后，于9月13日进入中国，这不仅在地理上，而且在情感上都标志着一个里程碑。此处泛指“一个里程碑”，且milestone以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：等他们抵达中国西北部的甘肃省省会兰州时，已经在路上，目的是探索中国大约450天了。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，说明他们在路上行进的目的。故填to explore。 Passage 5 (2026届安徽芜湖第一中学最后一卷)As a flagship program of ASEAN — China Media Week, the 5th session of the camp ____1____(gather) more than 200 participants. These included young hosts, scholars, students and media professionals from both ASEAN countries and China. This camp serves ____2____ a dynamic platform for cultural exchange and digital storytelling, ____3____ main goals are to foster ____4____(create) media models and expand online networks, ____50____(provide) young people with a larger stage ____6____(work) together in the region. The camp celebrates the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Thailand, ____7____(combine) with the ASEAN-China Year of People-to-People Exchanges. A ____8____(represent) from Thailand and China spoke highly of the camp. He pointed out that it improves dialogues ____9____ strengthens the cooperation between the two sides, helping deepen ____10____ mutual understanding by telling people-centered stories. In addition to the camp itself, a televised opening gala will be broadcast in July on media platforms in both China and Thailand. 【答案】 1. gathered 2. as 3. whose 4. creative 5. providing 6. to work 7. combined 8. representative 9. and 10. the 【导语】这篇文章主要报道了作为东盟 - 中国媒体周旗舰项目的第五届营会，阐述了其参与人员、核心目标、举办背景及重要意义，同时提及了配套的电视开幕晚会安排。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：作为东盟-中国媒体周的旗舰项目，第五届营会吸引了200多名参与者。全文介绍已经举办完成的第五届营会活动，描述过去发生的客观事实，应使用一般过去时。动词 gather的过去式为gathered。 2. 考查固定短语。句意：该营会为文化交流与数字叙事提供了一个充满活力的平台，其主要目标是培育创意媒体模式，拓展线上网络，为年轻人在本地区开展合作提供更广阔的舞台。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当；作为”。此处表示“该营会作为一个充满活力的文化交流和数字叙事平台”。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：该营会为文化交流与数字叙事提供了一个充满活力的平台，其主要目标是培育创意媒体模式，拓展线上网络，为年轻人在本地区开展合作提供更广阔的舞台。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，空格后接名词短语main goals，且与先行词platform 存在所属关系(“平台的主要目标”)，因此使用关系代词whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。 4. 考查形容词。句意：该营会为文化交流与数字叙事提供了一个充满活力的平台，其主要目标是培育创意媒体模式，拓展线上网络，为年轻人在本地区开展合作提供更广阔的舞台。空格后是名词短语media models，需要形容词作定语进行修饰。动词create的形容词形式为 creative，意为“创新的；有创造力的”。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该营会为文化交流与数字叙事提供了一个充满活力的平台，其主要目标是培育创意媒体模式，拓展线上网络，为年轻人在本地区开展合作提供更广阔的舞台。句子已有谓语动词serves，空格处需用非谓语动词。前文“培养创新媒体模式、拓展线上网络”与后文“为年轻人提供更大舞台”是自然而然的因果关系，因此使用现在分词 providing 作结果状语。 6. 考查动词不定式。句意：该营会为文化交流与数字叙事提供了一个充满活力的平台，其主要目标是培育创意媒体模式，拓展线上网络，为年轻人在本地区开展合作提供更广阔的舞台。空格处修饰名词 stage，表示“供年轻人一起合作的舞台”，用不定式 to work作后置定语，说明舞台的用途。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：本次营会活动正值中泰建交50周年，并与东盟—中国人民交流年相契合。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，句子主语 The camp与动词combine 之间是被动关系(“营会被与……相结合”)，因此使用过去分词 combined 作伴随状语。combined with 也是常用搭配，意为“与……相结合”。 8. 考查名词。句意：来自泰国和中国的代表对营会给予了高度评价。空格前有不定冠词A，后接介词短语作定语，需要填入单数名词作主语。动词represent的名词形式为 representative，意为“代表”。 9. 考查连词。句意：他指出，它促进了双方的对话，加强了双方的合作，通过讲述以人民为中心的故事，有助于加深相互了解。improves dialogues(增进对话)与 strengthens the cooperation(加强合作)是两个并列的谓语动词短语，表达营会的两个并列作用，因此用并列连词and连接。 10. 考查冠词。句意：他指出，它促进了双方的对话，加强了双方的合作，通过讲述以人民为中心的故事，有助于加深相互了解。mutual understanding(相互理解)在此处特指中国和东盟国家之间的相互理解，是特指概念，因此使用定冠词the。 7 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $