专题08 阅读表达（专项训练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦北京卷阅读表达“读写融合”特色，以主题语境轮换规律为框架，整合考情分析、真题精练与方法提炼，系统培养语言理解、逻辑概括及思维迁移能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情概览|6年真题汇总表|命题规律分析|主题语境轮换（人与自我高频，社会/自然隔年交替）| |2026真题研析|1篇真题+解析|精准输入（圈画主题句）、规范输出（转换人称时态）|从“信息筛选”到“价值判断”的思维进阶| |技巧点拨|4大应试策略|高阶思维迁移（观点结合经历阐述）、时间管理（15-18分钟）|读写深度融合，输入输出有机衔接| |三大主题精练|17篇分层训练（人与自我8篇/社会5篇/自然4篇）|问题-方法-启示结构梳理|题型能力对应（细节理解-逻辑概括-开放表达）|

专题08 阅读表达内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 北京卷阅读表达坚守立德树人命题导向，育人立意鲜明，三大主题语境排布均衡有序，命题周期轮换规律清晰，文本兼具思想性、文学性与思辨性，侧重考查信息提取、逻辑概括、深层理解与语言转述能力，整体选材节奏与语法填空互为呼应、统筹排布： ① 人与自我（2024、2025、2026 连续三年主流高频）：聚焦自我认知、挫折磨砺、习惯塑造、内心修行、价值思考、终身学习、化解情绪内耗、正视得失等成长议题，深挖青少年精神世界，引导学生建立正向人生观念，是现阶段核心考查方向； ② 人与社会 + 人与自然（隔年交替轮换）：涵盖社会公德、人际相处、志愿服务、城市文脉、非遗传承、乡土民俗、生态保护、自然疗愈、大众生活现象思考、细微家国情怀两大板块，兼具人文温度与现实思考价值。 2021—2026 年北京高考英语阅读表达历年汇总表 年份 体裁 词数 主题语境考向 核心主旨 2026 哲理随笔散文 245 人与自我 摒弃浮躁功利的处事心态，以长久积累沉淀自我，懂得静心坚守方能实现内在蜕变，收获精神富足 2025 叙事感悟文 236 人与自我 直面自身自卑怯懦的心理短板，不断尝试突破舒适区，在一次次历练中建立自信，接纳并完善自我 2024 议论性小品文 250 人与自我 拒绝一味追逐结果，用心感受做事全过程，理解体验与积淀的意义大于最终得失，树立松弛有度的生活观 2023 人文叙事散文 231 人与社会 走访古都街巷老字号，品读匠人坚守传统手艺的故事，感悟市井文化魅力与传统文化代代延续的意义 2022 自然感悟散文 222 人与自然 沉浸式走进山野自然，领略四季风物变幻，借自然消解身心疲惫，树立尊重自然、亲近自然的生活理念 2021 温情叙事短文 227 人与社会 跟随长辈研习传统生活技艺，在朝夕相处中承接优良家风，体悟亲情陪伴的价值与代代相传的温情 2026年北京卷阅读表达（第一节）以“坚持与变通”为思辨主题，将阅读理解和书面表达深度融通，体现了从“考知识”向“考素养”的转型。 一、 命题立意：价值引领与思维淬炼并重 命题紧扣“立德树人”，选材聚焦青少年成长中的自我突破与品格塑造，引导考生辩证看待成败。尤其契合AI时代需求，加大了对创造性、批判性思维等AI难以替代能力的考查力度，引导考生从“信息筛选”走向“价值判断”。 二、 设问特点：综合性与开放性突出 阅读表达题包括细节理解与开放性问题。以第43题为例，要求考生将文中“转换方向”的处世智慧迁移至解决个人实际困难，强调概念的迁移与语境重构能力。该题无标准答案，鼓励个性化表达与创新思维，赋予考生充分的思考与发挥空间。 三、 能力考查：读写深度融合 此题型不仅是阅读理解的延伸，更是书面表达的真实情境化考查。它要求考生在精准理解语篇的基础上，进行信息整合、逻辑建构与规范表达，实现了语言输入与输出的有机衔接，体现了“学用结合”的学科理念-1-4。 考向：人与自我类 2026年高考英语北京卷阅读表达 【答案】40. Actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. 41. Because quitting creates space for something new to grow and allows us to focus on what suits us now. 42. Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. Persisting with the wrong thing takes us further from where we are meant to be 43. When I find myself stuck in a subject I’ve tried hard to improve but constantly fail, instead of pushing blindly, I will switch to a learning method that fits me better, or explore another field where my talents can truly shine. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要通过改写苏格兰蜘蛛结网的故事，辩证探讨了坚持与放弃的意义，指出在错误的事情上死磕不如适时转向，适时放弃才能为新生腾出空间。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. (但正如亚里士多德在2000多年前观察到的那样，行动推向极端就会变成灾难。)”可知，亚里士多德的观察结论是把行动推向极端会带来不良后果。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. (通过结束某事，我们为新事物的成长创造了空间。我们需要退出那些不再起作用的事情，才能进入适合当下自己的事情。)”可知，放弃能让人摆脱无效消耗，从而有机会开启更适合自己的新方向。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. (当我们做正确的事失败时，坚持是有意义的。我们学习、调整并重试。但当我们在错误的事情上坚持时，每一点努力都会让我们离本该去的地方越来越远。)”可知，是“在错误的事情上坚持”才会让我们偏离正轨，而不是在正确的事情上失败。 【43题详解】 开放性题目。本题题干：你如何将“走向不同的角落”的想法应用于现实生活中的挑战？答案不唯一，合理即可。当我发现自己陷入了一个我努力改进但不断失败的学科时，我不会盲目地坚持，而是会转向一种更适合我的学习方法，或者探索另一个我的才能真正闪耀的领域。 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2025 北京卷真题改编・主题：人与自我｜重塑成功认知，在试错中自我成长 参考答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Getting top grades, taking AP classes and winning various awards to satisfy colleges’ standards. 解析：细节定位第一段，同龄人普遍将考取高分、选修进阶课程、斩获各类奖项、迎合大学招生要求视作成功，摘取原文核心信息精简作答即可。 41. 标准答案：She reflected on the meaning of success and decided to follow her own heart. 解析：定位第二段，作者反思世俗成功定义，想要遵从本心、追求属于自己的学习快乐，因此精简选课。 42. 标准答案：Failure brought her spiritual inspiration and planted self-belief in her heart. 解析：概括第三段主旨：初次面试失利并未毫无意义，学姐的自信给予作者精神启发，埋下自信的种子；严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 参考范文（满分范本） I think true success is steady self-improvement. Once I failed my math exam many times, but I kept adjusting learning methods. Gradually my grades improved. Progress matters more than instant victory. 解析：开篇点明个人观点，搭配具体校园学习经历佐证，词数 38 词符合要求；立意积极贴合人与自我成长主题，句式简洁地道。 Passage 2 2026 海淀一模改编・主题：人与自我｜接纳自身缺憾，建立内在自信 答案 + 详解 40. 答案：A scar on her right cheek caused by a childhood accident. 解析：开篇点明，儿时摔伤留下的脸颊疤痕是作者长期自卑的根源。 41. 答案：To draw their own faces honestly without hiding any imperfections. 解析：定位第二段，老师布置如实绘制自画像、不刻意遮掩自身缺陷的绘画任务。 42. 答案：She realized everyone has flaws and began to accept her own imperfections. 解析：概括绘画之后的心理转变：懂得人人皆有缺憾，不再排斥自己的疤痕，学会接纳自我。 43. 满分参考范文 I used to be afraid of speaking in public. I practiced reading aloud every day and took small chances to share ideas. Slowly I became brave and got rid of stage fright. 词数：39；逻辑完整，结合个人短板克服经历，立意正向。 Passage 3 2026 西城二模原创改编・主题：人与自我｜摆脱攀比内耗，遵从自身成长节奏 答案 + 逐题解析 40. 答案：It causes great anxiety and stops teenagers from following their own life pace. 解析：第一段主旨：盲目攀比催生焦虑，使人无法专注自身成长节奏。 41. 答案：She copied her deskmate’s schedule blindly out of comparison anxiety. 解析：第二段细节：因总攀比同桌，照搬对方的学习计划，盲目追赶导致身心俱疲、收效甚微。 42. 答案：Respect personal growing rhythms and focus on self-progress instead of others. 解析：整合文末感悟：尊重个人成长节奏，将注意力放在自身进步上，方能摆脱攀比内耗。 满分参考范文 43. I set personal small goals every week and check my progress regularly. I know everyone grows differently, so I never compare my achievements with classmates blindly. 词数：37；表述流畅，观点清晰，贴合人与自我心理健康主题。 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城一模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They feel lonely and have difficulty finishing daily small tasks. 解析：定位第一段，独居老人两大困境：内心孤独、日常琐事难以独自完成，摘取原文核心信息作答即可。 41. 标准答案：They were busy with study and didn’t know how to talk with the elderly. 解析：第二段细节：课业繁重没时间、不懂与老人沟通，是同学们初期不愿参与的两大缘由。 42. 标准答案：It warmed the community and made it more harmonious. 解析：概括文末主旨：志愿活动温暖邻里氛围，让社区整体更加和睦，严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I once volunteered to sort garbage in my community. Guiding residents helped me understand public responsibility. Small efforts together can greatly improve our living environment. 解析：结合社区实践经历，紧扣社会责任立意，句式地道、词数合规，符合北京卷开放题评分标准。 Passage 2 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Neighbors were distant and hardly knew each other. 解析：开篇点明背景：现代生活节奏快，邻里互不相识，关系十分淡漠。 41. 标准答案：Their balcony was flooded and they couldn’t move heavy furniture. 解析：定位第二段暴雨事件细节：阳台被雨水淹没，无力搬运家中沉重家具。 42. 标准答案：It broke the ice and built warm harmonious neighborhood ties. 解析：邻里互助打破隔阂，整栋楼邻里之间变得热情和睦。 43. 满分参考范文（37 词） I will greet neighbors actively and offer help when they need it. Last month I helped a kid pick up fallen books, which made our daily encounters much warmer. Passage 3 2026 北京海淀一模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To protect local intangible cultural heritage from disappearing. 解析：第一段活动初衷：拯救日渐消逝的非遗，传承传统手工艺。 41. 标准答案：They learned paper-cutting from a master and practiced hard for two months. 解析：第二段筹备过程：邀请民间匠人授课、为期两个月反复练习剪纸技艺。 42. 标准答案：It helped citizens better understand traditional Chinese handicrafts. 解析：展览让广大市民近距离接触剪纸，加深了大众对传统手工艺的认知。 43. 满分参考范文 I want to promote Chinese tea culture. It carries our peaceful life philosophy. I plan to share tea knowledge with friends, letting more people feel the charm of our traditional culture. 北京卷阅读表达通用评分细则 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京海淀二模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：It was polluted, lifeless with garbage and dirty waste water everywhere. 解析：定位第一段：垃圾遍地、污水排入水体、动植物消亡，湿地毫无生机，提炼核心环境问题作答。 41. 标准答案：They felt extremely tired when working under the hot sun every day. 解析：第三段细节：夏日烈日下劳作十分辛苦，疲惫感让同学们屡次想要放弃志愿工作。 42. 标准答案：It becomes clean and lively with clean water, plants and many wild birds. 解析：概括文末生态改观：水体洁净、绿植繁茂、鸟类回归，湿地重焕生机，严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） I always carry reusable cloth bags for shopping and sort household garbage strictly. Besides, I turn off unused lights to save electricity. Tiny acts together help protect our planet. 解析：列举日常低碳小事，立意贴合环保主题，句式流畅、词数合规，符合北京卷开放题满分标准。 Passage 2 2026 北京西城一模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：It pollutes water and soil and does great harm to wild animals and humans. 解析：第一段点明塑料危害：难以降解，水土遭到污染，伤害野生物种，最终危害人类自身健康。 41. 标准答案：They thought using eco-friendly supplies brought much inconvenience. 解析：第三段细节：自带水杯、布袋等环保用品不如塑料制品便捷，学生初期难以适应。 42. 标准答案：Most students got used to eco-friendly habits and cut plastic waste greatly. 解析：活动收尾成效：全校学生普遍养成绿色习惯，一次性塑料使用量大幅下降。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and threatens wildlife seriously. Reducing plastic use protects oceans and land, helping us live in harmony with nature forever. Passage 3 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Sand covered everything, blocked travel and harmed people’s health badly. 解析：开篇沙尘暴危害：黄沙笼罩城市、阻碍出行、损害市民身体健康。 41. 标准答案：They couldn’t survive dry weather and strong spring winds. 解析：第三段细节：初春干旱多风的恶劣气候，导致大批幼苗无法存活。 42. 标准答案：Sandstorms vanished; air and local environment got greatly improved. 解析：总结数十年植树成果：沙尘暴基本消失，空气质量、区域生态全面优化。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I am willing to plant trees regularly. Trees block sandstorms, clean air and offer homes for wildlife. Planting trees is a meaningful way to protect our living environment. 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：He avoided speaking much and replaced hard words with simple ones. 解析：定位第一段细节，作者初期靠少说话、替换难词规避口吃带来的尴尬。 41. 标准答案：His biology teacher offered him useful suggestions patiently. 解析：第二段开篇点明，生物老师发现作者困境并给予指导。 42. 标准答案：True confidence comes from bravely facing one’s own shortcomings. 解析：概括文末主旨：自信不在于完美，而在于勇敢直面自身不足（字数合规）。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） I used to be poor at oral English. I kept reading English passages aloud every day. Gradually, I became confident and could communicate smoothly now. Passage 2 2026 北京海淀高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Lots of unnecessary things she thought she might use someday. 解析：第一段，背包里装满了自以为会用到、实则无用的各类物品。 41. 标准答案：She disliked carrying her heavy oversized backpack around. 解析：第二段细节，不愿时时刻刻背着沉重大包，因此推脱各类活动。 42. 标准答案：It lightened her body and relieved her mental anxiety greatly. 解析：极简生活卸下身体负重，同时治愈了内心焦虑。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） I will reduce useless digital information and idle stationery. Simplifying daily stuff saves my time and energy, letting me concentrate more on my study and hobbies. Passage 3 2026 北京西城高三二模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She was serious, cold and difficult to get along with. 解析：开篇交代，作者从前不苟言笑，待人严苛，旁人觉得她冷漠难相处。 41. 标准答案：Her experience in a storytelling show made her try using humor. 解析：一次城市故事分享大会的经历，让她初次体会到幽默的力量。 42. 标准答案：It relaxes ourselves and builds good connections with others. 解析：文末概括幽默两大作用：自我放松、搭建人际沟通桥梁。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） Humor helps us ease study pressure and get on well with classmates. When facing troubles, a relaxed mood can also help us solve problems more wisely. Passage 4 2026 北京朝阳高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She had a serious habit of putting things off constantly. 解析：开篇点明，拖延症是作者高一高二最困扰自己的坏习惯。 41. 标准答案：She finished work carelessly, got bad grades and blamed herself. 解析：拖延导致仓促完成作业、成绩下滑，还不断陷入自我责怪。 42.. 标准答案：She split tasks into small goals and kept carrying out daily plans. 解析：拆分任务、制定每日时间表并长久坚持，最终克服拖延。 43. 满分参考范文（37 词） I make a daily to-do list every morning. I finish learning tasks step by step and avoid delay. It helps me stay efficient and reduce study anxiety. Passage 5 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She felt upset and even gave up the whole work completely. 解析：第一段细节，作品稍有瑕疵便心情低落，甚至直接放弃整件成果。 41. 标准答案：She wasted too much time polishing tiny details to seek perfection. 解析：过度打磨细节追求极致完美，耗费大量精力，耽误整体学习进度。 42. 标准答案：She gave up pursuing absolute perfection and valued daily progress. 解析：不再苛求毫无瑕疵，转而看重每日点滴进步，心态变得平和。 43. 满分参考范文（41 词） I don’t want to be a strict perfectionist. Too high standards bring great pressure. Accepting small flaws helps me keep relaxed and make steady progress. Passage 6 2026 北京石景山高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Independence meant solving all problems alone without any help. 解析：开篇误区：认为独立就是万事不求人，独自解决所有难题。 41. 标准答案：She met many technical problems and made very slow progress. 解析：筹备课题时遭遇诸多技术难题，拒不求助导致进度停滞。 42. 标准答案：It includes solving problems and seeking proper help when needed. 解析：全新认知：真正独立既要自主做事，也要学会适时寻求他人帮助。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I will turn to teachers or classmates when I can’t work out difficult knowledge points. Proper help saves time and helps me improve faster. 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京顺义区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They take many photos and post them online instead of enjoying views. 解析：定位第一段细节：游览时不停拍照、发布社交平台，无心欣赏实景。 41. 标准答案：She should put down the phone and feel real scenery with her own eyes. 解析：父亲劝导作者放下手机，用双眼亲身感受古镇风光。 42. 标准答案：We can enjoy real life and build warm face-to-face relationships. 解析：概括文末主旨：脱离手机干扰，体验真实生活、维系线下温情社交。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I set fixed daily screen time limits and leave my phone outside my bedroom at night. More spare time is spent reading books and talking with my family members. Passage 2 2026 北京房山区高三二模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They lack teachers and various after-school interest courses. 解析：开篇点明困境：师资不足，美育、英语等课后兴趣课程匮乏。 41. 标准答案：They offered oral English, art, music and story-sharing classes. 解析：第二段罗列支教开设的全部课程内容。 42. 标准答案：Teenagers can help reduce urban-rural educational gaps via volunteer work. 解析：支教感悟：青少年志愿行动能够助力缩小城乡教育差距。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） I’m willing to join volunteer teaching. I hope to bring new knowledge to rural kids. Meanwhile, I can cherish my learning conditions and gain precious life experience. Passage 3 2026 北京昌平区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To enrich people’s spiritual life and build a city full of reading atmosphere. 解析：第一段建设初衷：丰富市民精神生活，打造书香阅读城市。 41. 标准答案：They killed spare time by watching short videos and playing online games. 解析：图书馆建成前，大众闲暇时光大多耗费在短视频、网络游戏上。 42. 标准答案：They turn reading into daily habits and improve the city’s cultural level. 解析：社区图书馆让全民养成阅读习惯，整体提升城市文化底蕴。 满分参考范文（38 词） 43. Reading broadens our horizons and calms our minds personally. For society, widespread reading creates gentle, civilized social atmosphere and promotes cultural progress. Passage 4 2026 北京通州区高三二模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：International short-video platforms offer convenient online communication. 解析：开篇点明：海外短视频平台搭建了中外青少年线上沟通渠道。 41. 标准答案：They introduced various Chinese traditional folk customs and festivals. 解析：团队视频内容围绕中国传统节日、民俗饮食、节庆习俗展开。 42. 标准答案：They act as cultural ambassadors to spread Chinese culture worldwide. 解析：青少年借助新媒体担当文化使者，向世界讲述中国故事。 43. 满分参考范文 I want to introduce Chinese tea culture. It carries our peaceful life philosophy. Sharing it lets foreign friends feel the gentle charm of traditional Chinese civilization. Passage 5 2026 北京大兴区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 标准答案：It keeps public space orderly and shows respect to other people. 解析：第一段主旨：公共礼仪维护公共秩序，给予身边陌生人尊重。 标准答案：Loud calls, occupying seats, littering and jumping the queue. 解析：罗列现存不文明公共举止：大声喧哗、占座、乱扔垃圾、插队。 标准答案：Most citizens corrected bad habits and public environment became orderly. 解析：志愿宣传推动市民改掉陋习，城市公共环境愈发井然文明。 满分参考范文（39 词） I always queue up patiently and keep quiet on public transport. I never litter. Small self-disciplined behaviors help maintain comfortable public environment for all people. 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京延庆区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Glass buildings hurt birds; food and safe habitats were insufficient. 解析：定位第一段：玻璃幕墙导致鸟类撞击伤亡、绿植匮乏缺少食物与休憩栖息地。 41. 标准答案：They offered bird food and warned people not to disturb wild birds. 解析：第二段细节：志愿者投喂鸟类食物，劝导市民不要惊扰候鸟栖息。 42. 标准答案：Over 530 bird species live here and urban ecology gets greatly improved. 解析：概括全文成效：鸟类种类突破 530 种，城市整体生态环境显著向好。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I will never chase or feed wild birds casually. I also share bird protection knowledge online. Small efforts help wild creatures live safely alongside us. Passage 2 2026 北京怀柔区高三二模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To let students get close to nature and understand food production. 解析：建校菜园初衷：让城市孩子亲近自然，了解农作物生长、懂得粮食来之不易。 41. 标准答案：They made natural compost with fallen leaves and vegetable leftovers. 解析：学生摒弃化肥，利用落叶、蔬菜残体自制天然堆肥滋养作物。 42. 标准答案：Food is precious and we should cherish all natural resources. 解析：劳作感悟：粮食来之不易，心怀敬畏、珍惜一切自然资源。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） After planting flowers myself, I never waste food anymore. I also prefer outdoor walks to screen time to feel the beauty of natural scenery. Passage 3 2026 北京平谷区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Sea got polluted, wildlife reduced and storms hit coasts more often. 解析：砍伐红树林恶果：海水污染、海岸生物锐减，风暴灾害愈发频繁。 41. 标准答案：They cleaned coastal rubbish and popularized mangrove protection knowledge. 解析：青少年志愿内容：清理海岸垃圾、向游客科普红树林生态价值。 42. 标准答案：Mangroves recovered, coastal ecology is balanced and wildlife returned. 解析：生态修复成果：红树林成片恢复，海岸生态重回平衡，海洋生物归来。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） Marine ecosystems support countless lives on Earth. Protecting oceans prevents pollution and climate risks, keeping balanced natural environment for human beings forever. Passage 4 2026 北京门头沟区高三二模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Massive carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels causes global warming. 解析：大量燃烧化石燃料排放二氧化碳，是全球气候变暖的核心诱因。 41. 标准答案：They are fixed on rooftops of schools, communities and public buildings. 解析：太阳能板大规模铺设在学校、社区、公共建筑楼顶。 42. 标准答案：It is pollution-free, renewable and produces no harmful waste gas. 解析：太阳能无污染、可再生，不会排放废气污染物，优于传统能源。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I turn off unused electrical appliances all the time. My family uses solar water heaters. These small habits cut carbon emissions and help ease global warming. Passage 5 2026 北京密云区高三一模 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They have no natural enemies and seize resources from native species. 解析：外来物种本土无天敌，抢夺生存资源，挤压本土生物生存空间。 41. 标准答案：It covered water, killed native plants and deprived fish of food. 解析：水草泛滥遮蔽水下阳光，本土水草消亡，鱼类失去食物来源。 42. 标准答案：They studied invasive species knowledge and warned people against random release. 解析：学生学习入侵物种辨识知识，劝导大众不要随意放生外来动植物。 43. 满分参考范文 I have learned about invasive species at school. I will never release pet creatures into wild waters and remind my friends to protect native ecological balance. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 北京卷阅读表达坚守立德树人命题导向，育人立意鲜明，三大主题语境排布均衡有序，命题周期轮换规律清晰，文本兼具思想性、文学性与思辨性，侧重考查信息提取、逻辑概括、深层理解与语言转述能力，整体选材节奏与语法填空互为呼应、统筹排布： ① 人与自我（2024、2025、2026 连续三年主流高频）：聚焦自我认知、挫折磨砺、习惯塑造、内心修行、价值思考、终身学习、化解情绪内耗、正视得失等成长议题，深挖青少年精神世界，引导学生建立正向人生观念，是现阶段核心考查方向； ② 人与社会 + 人与自然（隔年交替轮换）：涵盖社会公德、人际相处、志愿服务、城市文脉、非遗传承、乡土民俗、生态保护、自然疗愈、大众生活现象思考、细微家国情怀两大板块，兼具人文温度与现实思考价值。 2021—2026 年北京高考英语阅读表达历年汇总表 年份 体裁 词数 主题语境考向 核心主旨 2026 哲理随笔散文 245 人与自我 摒弃浮躁功利的处事心态，以长久积累沉淀自我，懂得静心坚守方能实现内在蜕变，收获精神富足 2025 叙事感悟文 236 人与自我 直面自身自卑怯懦的心理短板，不断尝试突破舒适区，在一次次历练中建立自信，接纳并完善自我 2024 议论性小品文 250 人与自我 拒绝一味追逐结果，用心感受做事全过程，理解体验与积淀的意义大于最终得失，树立松弛有度的生活观 2023 人文叙事散文 231 人与社会 走访古都街巷老字号，品读匠人坚守传统手艺的故事，感悟市井文化魅力与传统文化代代延续的意义 2022 自然感悟散文 222 人与自然 沉浸式走进山野自然，领略四季风物变幻，借自然消解身心疲惫，树立尊重自然、亲近自然的生活理念 2021 温情叙事短文 227 人与社会 跟随长辈研习传统生活技艺，在朝夕相处中承接优良家风，体悟亲情陪伴的价值与代代相传的温情 2026年北京卷阅读表达（第一节）以“坚持与变通”为思辨主题，将阅读理解和书面表达深度融通，体现了从“考知识”向“考素养”的转型。 一、 命题立意：价值引领与思维淬炼并重 命题紧扣“立德树人”，选材聚焦青少年成长中的自我突破与品格塑造，引导考生辩证看待成败。尤其契合AI时代需求，加大了对创造性、批判性思维等AI难以替代能力的考查力度，引导考生从“信息筛选”走向“价值判断”。 二、 设问特点：综合性与开放性突出 阅读表达题包括细节理解与开放性问题。以第43题为例，要求考生将文中“转换方向”的处世智慧迁移至解决个人实际困难，强调概念的迁移与语境重构能力。该题无标准答案，鼓励个性化表达与创新思维，赋予考生充分的思考与发挥空间。 三、 能力考查：读写深度融合 此题型不仅是阅读理解的延伸，更是书面表达的真实情境化考查。它要求考生在精准理解语篇的基础上，进行信息整合、逻辑建构与规范表达，实现了语言输入与输出的有机衔接，体现了“学用结合”的学科理念-1-4。 考向：人与自我类 2026年高考英语北京卷阅读表达 第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题、请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “Winners never quit and quitters never win.” It’s a great expression of our admiration of courage and persistence (坚持). But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. There is a famous story about the Scottish king Robert the Bruce. Robert hid in a cave after his sixth defeat by the English, and there he watched a spider (蜘蛛) try to secure its web to the cave wall. The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding. Robert then decided to return to the fight, winning independence for the Scots — on the seventh attempt. King Robert’s story offers a deep well of inspiration for those who most need it. But lately I’ve been thinking about a possibility the story ignores. What if the spider had been climbing the wrong corner of the cave? There’s a crucial difference between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one. When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. Quitting is in fact necessary for growth. By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. We can imagine a different version of King Robert’s story. In this story, the spider falls a seventh time. It stops on the stone floor — and then turns, moving slowly towards a different corner of the cave, where the wind is calmer and the flies more plentiful. 40. What is Aristotle’s observation according to this passage? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is quitting necessary for growth? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can you apply the idea of “moving towards a different corner” to a real-life challenge? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. 41. Because quitting creates space for something new to grow and allows us to focus on what suits us now. 42. Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. Persisting with the wrong thing takes us further from where we are meant to be 43. When I find myself stuck in a subject I’ve tried hard to improve but constantly fail, instead of pushing blindly, I will switch to a learning method that fits me better, or explore another field where my talents can truly shine. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要通过改写苏格兰蜘蛛结网的故事，辩证探讨了坚持与放弃的意义，指出在错误的事情上死磕不如适时转向，适时放弃才能为新生腾出空间。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. (但正如亚里士多德在2000多年前观察到的那样，行动推向极端就会变成灾难。)”可知，亚里士多德的观察结论是把行动推向极端会带来不良后果。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. (通过结束某事，我们为新事物的成长创造了空间。我们需要退出那些不再起作用的事情，才能进入适合当下自己的事情。)”可知，放弃能让人摆脱无效消耗，从而有机会开启更适合自己的新方向。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. (当我们做正确的事失败时，坚持是有意义的。我们学习、调整并重试。但当我们在错误的事情上坚持时，每一点努力都会让我们离本该去的地方越来越远。)”可知，是“在错误的事情上坚持”才会让我们偏离正轨，而不是在正确的事情上失败。 【43题详解】 开放性题目。本题题干：你如何将“走向不同的角落”的想法应用于现实生活中的挑战？答案不唯一，合理即可。当我发现自己陷入了一个我努力改进但不断失败的学科时，我不会盲目地坚持，而是会转向一种更适合我的学习方法，或者探索另一个我的才能真正闪耀的领域。 【技巧点拨】 针对2026年北京卷阅读表达“读写融合”的新特点，考生需掌握以下应试策略： 一、精准输入：破解语篇密码 阅读时主动圈画每段主题句与文中隐含的价值判断。特别注意事例与观点的逻辑衔接，理清“问题—方法—启示”的结构脉络，为后续作答储备充足、准确的语料依据。 二、规范输出：严守答题形态 答案必须句子完整、语法正确、语义自足，不能直接摘抄原文零散短语。需主动转换人称与时态（如原文“we”改“I”，“should”改为“should consider”），并确保字数严格控制在规定范围内。 三、高阶思维：迁移与深度开放 针对“观点迁移”类问题，切忌空泛表态。应先点明观点，再结合个人经历或常识，用2-3句话具体阐述“我会如何实践”，做到言之有物、逻辑自洽，展现真实思考与语言组织能力。 四、时间管理：稳扎稳打 建议用时控制在15-18分钟，预留2分钟检查拼写、时态及标点，避免因低级错误失分。 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2025 北京卷真题改编・主题：人与自我｜重塑成功认知，在试错中自我成长 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题、请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For nearly three years in high school, all my peers and I chased the standard version of success valued by colleges. Success meant packing schedules with AP courses, winning all kinds of competitions, collecting piles of certificates, and scoring top grades constantly. I buried myself in this busy routine day after day, exhausted mentally, yet I never paused to ask myself what success truly meant to me personally. It was not until the second half of senior year that I began to reflect deeply. Why should my whole self-worth be measured merely by exam scores and awards? I made up my mind to abandon the crowded path others followed blindly. I only picked two courses that truly interested me, enjoying the pleasure of learning rather than striving for high marks. Gradually, I gained a brand-new understanding of success. I also learned to regard failures as valuable progress. In Grade Nine, I took my first group interview for a student leader position. Being shy and inexperienced, I failed completely and left feeling defeated. However, I was deeply inspired by a confident senior competitor during the interview. This experience planted the seed of self-belief inside me. One year later, with calm mindsets and accumulated experience, I took the interview again. Encouraged by the memory of that senior, I expressed myself bravely and finally got the position. I eventually realized: True success never comes overnight. It lies in knowing yourself clearly, sticking to your inner heart, and growing step by step through mistakes and trials. 40. What did most students regard as success before senior year? (2 分) 41. Why did the author choose only two courses in senior year? (2 分) 42. What lesson did the author learn from her first failed interview? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What is your understanding of true success? Please combine your personal experience to explain it. (about 40 words) (5 分) 参考答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Getting top grades, taking AP classes and winning various awards to satisfy colleges’ standards. 解析：细节定位第一段，同龄人普遍将考取高分、选修进阶课程、斩获各类奖项、迎合大学招生要求视作成功，摘取原文核心信息精简作答即可。 41. 标准答案：She reflected on the meaning of success and decided to follow her own heart. 解析：定位第二段，作者反思世俗成功定义，想要遵从本心、追求属于自己的学习快乐，因此精简选课。 42. 标准答案：Failure brought her spiritual inspiration and planted self-belief in her heart. 解析：概括第三段主旨：初次面试失利并未毫无意义，学姐的自信给予作者精神启发，埋下自信的种子；严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 参考范文（满分范本） I think true success is steady self-improvement. Once I failed my math exam many times, but I kept adjusting learning methods. Gradually my grades improved. Progress matters more than instant victory. 解析：开篇点明个人观点，搭配具体校园学习经历佐证，词数 38 词符合要求；立意积极贴合人与自我成长主题，句式简洁地道。 Passage 2 2026 海淀一模改编・主题：人与自我｜接纳自身缺憾，建立内在自信 A noticeable scar across my right cheek, left by a childhood fall, had trapped me in inferiority for almost ten years. I avoided group photos, lowered my head in public crowds and refused to take part in stage performances, convinced that the scar made me ugly and unwelcome. I always compared myself with classmates who had smooth faces and outgoing personalities, feeling far less valuable than them. My attitude changed completely thanks to my art teacher Ms. Lee. One day she assigned a portrait-drawing task and asked us to paint our own faces honestly. When I hesitated to start, Ms. Lee told me gently: “Scars are marks of your life experiences, not flaws to be hidden. Your uniqueness is your greatest charm.” Her words struck me deeply. I finished my painting, drawing the scar carefully instead of covering it. Looking at the finished work, I suddenly understood that everyone has imperfections. Trying to be identical to others will only make you lose yourself. Later, I volunteered to host the class English speech contest. Standing on the stage, I no longer cared about the scar on my cheek. I focused on sharing my ideas sincerely. I won the second prize and received warm applause. Now I fully accept all my shortcomings. Inner confidence, rather than perfect appearance, shapes who we are. 40. What made the author feel inferior for many years? (2 分) 41. What task did Ms. Lee give the author’s class? (2 分) 42. What change took place in the author after finishing the self-portrait? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever struggled with your own shortcomings? How did you deal with it? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 详解 40. 答案：A scar on her right cheek caused by a childhood accident. 解析：开篇点明，儿时摔伤留下的脸颊疤痕是作者长期自卑的根源。 41. 答案：To draw their own faces honestly without hiding any imperfections. 解析：定位第二段，老师布置如实绘制自画像、不刻意遮掩自身缺陷的绘画任务。 42. 答案：She realized everyone has flaws and began to accept her own imperfections. 解析：概括绘画之后的心理转变：懂得人人皆有缺憾，不再排斥自己的疤痕，学会接纳自我。 43. 满分参考范文 I used to be afraid of speaking in public. I practiced reading aloud every day and took small chances to share ideas. Slowly I became brave and got rid of stage fright. 词数：39；逻辑完整，结合个人短板克服经历，立意正向。 Passage 3 2026 西城二模原创改编・主题：人与自我｜摆脱攀比内耗，遵从自身成长节奏 Nowadays, most teenagers easily fall into the trap of social comparison. We tend to look at classmates’ grades, hobbies, talents and even daily schedules, constantly worrying that we fall behind others. This endless comparison brings huge mental pressure and unnecessary anxiety, preventing us from focusing on our own life pace. I was once a typical victim of comparison anxiety. Whenever my deskmate got higher scores in exams or mastered new skills faster than me, I would feel anxious and push myself to rush blindly. I arranged tight daily plans to copy her lifestyle, yet I felt tired all the time and made little progress. My mother helped me walk out of the negative state. She told me that everyone has different growing rhythms. Some people advance fast at the beginning, while others take time to accumulate strength. There is no universal timetable for personal growth. I stopped staring at others’ progress and made plans suitable for my own learning habits. I focused on my weak subjects step by step and celebrated every tiny progress I made. Gradually, my anxiety faded away, and my study efficiency improved greatly. I finally understand: The most important thing is not catching up with others, but becoming a better version of yourself day by day. 40. What negative influence does blind comparison bring to teenagers? (2 分) 41. Why did the author feel tired and gain no progress at first? (2 分) 42. What is the key to getting rid of comparison anxiety according to the text? (≤20 词) (3 分) 43. How do you avoid comparing yourself with others in daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题解析 40. 答案：It causes great anxiety and stops teenagers from following their own life pace. 解析：第一段主旨：盲目攀比催生焦虑，使人无法专注自身成长节奏。 41. 答案：She copied her deskmate’s schedule blindly out of comparison anxiety. 解析：第二段细节：因总攀比同桌，照搬对方的学习计划，盲目追赶导致身心俱疲、收效甚微。 42. 答案：Respect personal growing rhythms and focus on self-progress instead of others. 解析：整合文末感悟：尊重个人成长节奏，将注意力放在自身进步上，方能摆脱攀比内耗。 满分参考范文 43. I set personal small goals every week and check my progress regularly. I know everyone grows differently, so I never compare my achievements with classmates blindly. 词数：37；表述流畅，观点清晰，贴合人与自我心理健康主题。 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城一模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜社区敬老志愿服务，践行社会责任 Last semester, our class launched a long-term volunteer program for the elderly living alone in our community. Many senior citizens there have no children staying with them. They often feel lonely and struggle with daily small tasks like carrying groceries, adjusting smart devices or tidying rooms. At first, some classmates hesitated to take part. They worried they had no spare time after heavy schoolwork and did not know how to communicate with the elderly. Our head teacher encouraged us: Serving the community is a precious social lesson beyond textbooks. We divided ourselves into small groups and visited the elderly every Saturday afternoon. I was paired with Grandma Wang, an 80-year-old retired teacher. Each time I went, I helped her clean the house, taught her to use WeChat video calls to talk with her granddaughter far away, and listened patiently to her stories about her youth. Gradually, her loneliness faded away, and she always waited for my arrival happily. Months later, all volunteers gained far more than we gave. We learned to be patient, respectful and caring toward the elderly. The whole community also became warmer and more harmonious because of our continuous small kindnesses. I deeply realize that everyone can contribute to building a friendly society through trivial voluntary actions. 40. What problem do the elderly living alone in the community face? (2 分) 41. Why did some students refuse to join the volunteer program at the beginning? (2 分) 42. What changes did the volunteer activity bring to the community? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever taken part in community volunteer work? Share your experience and feelings. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They feel lonely and have difficulty finishing daily small tasks. 解析：定位第一段，独居老人两大困境：内心孤独、日常琐事难以独自完成，摘取原文核心信息作答即可。 41. 标准答案：They were busy with study and didn’t know how to talk with the elderly. 解析：第二段细节：课业繁重没时间、不懂与老人沟通，是同学们初期不愿参与的两大缘由。 42. 标准答案：It warmed the community and made it more harmonious. 解析：概括文末主旨：志愿活动温暖邻里氛围，让社区整体更加和睦，严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I once volunteered to sort garbage in my community. Guiding residents helped me understand public responsibility. Small efforts together can greatly improve our living environment. 解析：结合社区实践经历，紧扣社会责任立意，句式地道、词数合规，符合北京卷开放题评分标准。 Passage 2 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜邻里互助，构建和谐邻里关系 Nowadays, many people living in apartment buildings barely know their neighbors. Fast-paced modern life makes people keep distant from one another, leading to cold interpersonal relationships in residential areas. This was exactly the situation in my apartment building half a year ago. Everything changed after a sudden heavy rainstorm last summer. One midnight, the balcony of the elderly couple next door was flooded, and they could not move heavy furniture indoors alone. Hearing their anxious shouts, my parents and I rushed over to offer help without hesitation. We worked together to move wet boxes, mop up water and fix the leaking window till midnight. To thank us, the old couple brought homemade snacks to our home several days later. Gradually, more neighbors began to greet each other when meeting in the corridor. We even held a small neighborhood party on the courtyard lawn on Mid-Autumn Festival, sharing mooncakes and chatting happily. Cold walls cannot block warm hearts. A little kindness breaks the ice between strangers. Good neighborhood relations rely on mutual care and timely help when others are in trouble. 40.What was the interpersonal situation in the author’s building before the rainstorm? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the elderly next door meet during the rainstorm? (2 分) 42. What effect did helping the elderly have on the whole building? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What will you do to get along well with your neighbors? Give examples. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Neighbors were distant and hardly knew each other. 解析：开篇点明背景：现代生活节奏快，邻里互不相识，关系十分淡漠。 41. 标准答案：Their balcony was flooded and they couldn’t move heavy furniture. 解析：定位第二段暴雨事件细节：阳台被雨水淹没，无力搬运家中沉重家具。 42. 标准答案：It broke the ice and built warm harmonious neighborhood ties. 解析：邻里互助打破隔阂，整栋楼邻里之间变得热情和睦。 43. 满分参考范文（37 词） I will greet neighbors actively and offer help when they need it. Last month I helped a kid pick up fallen books, which made our daily encounters much warmer. Passage 3 2026 北京海淀一模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜青少年传承中华传统文化，向社会传递文化魅力 Traditional Chinese handicrafts are precious cultural treasures, yet many ancient skills are gradually fading away as time goes by. To preserve local intangible cultural heritage, our city held a youth traditional craft exhibition last spring, inviting middle school students to learn and display traditional skills. Our school chose paper-cutting as the main display item. At first, most of us knew nothing about paper-cutting skills. We invited a folk paper-cutting master to give regular lessons after school. We practiced repeatedly for two months: mastering cutting lines, designing festive patterns such as lanterns and rabbits, and learning the cultural meanings behind each work. On the exhibition day, our delicate paper-cut works attracted crowds of citizens. Many visitors stopped to watch and asked us about the stories of paper-cutting. We patiently introduced the history and cultural value of this folk art to every guest. Through this activity, more local residents gained a deeper understanding of traditional handicrafts. I truly believe teenagers have the duty to inherit and promote our fine traditional culture for the whole society. 40. Why did the city hold the youth traditional craft exhibition? (2 分) 41. What did students do to prepare for the paper-cutting display? (2 分) 42. What positive influence did the exhibition bring to local citizens? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Which traditional culture would you like to spread? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To protect local intangible cultural heritage from disappearing. 解析：第一段活动初衷：拯救日渐消逝的非遗，传承传统手工艺。 41. 标准答案：They learned paper-cutting from a master and practiced hard for two months. 解析：第二段筹备过程：邀请民间匠人授课、为期两个月反复练习剪纸技艺。 42. 标准答案：It helped citizens better understand traditional Chinese handicrafts. 解析：展览让广大市民近距离接触剪纸，加深了大众对传统手工艺的认知。 43. 满分参考范文 I want to promote Chinese tea culture. It carries our peaceful life philosophy. I plan to share tea knowledge with friends, letting more people feel the charm of our traditional culture. 北京卷阅读表达通用评分细则 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京海淀二模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜守护城市湿地公园，恢复湿地生态 Near our community lies a small urban wetland park. Five years ago, it was in terrible condition. Random garbage was thrown everywhere, waste water from nearby shops flowed into the water, and water plants died gradually. Few birds or wild animals visited here, and local residents seldom came to relax in this lifeless area. Last spring, the city launched a wetland restoration project, inviting middle school students to take part in voluntary environmental protection work. Our class signed up without hesitation. We were divided into groups to carry out different tasks: picking up all rubbish day by day, clearing silt in the water channels, planting reeds and water flowers suitable for wetland environment, and putting up warning signs to stop littering. The whole volunteer work lasted three months. At first, we felt tired under the hot sun and wanted to give up many times. But when we spotted little wild ducks swimming on the clean water and herons resting on newly-grown reeds, we regained motivation and kept going. Now the wetland has taken on a brand-new look. Clear water, green plants and various wild birds attract plenty of citizens to come for walks. We deeply realize that human beings can repair damaged nature with continuous efforts, and protecting the environment is everyone’s lifelong responsibility. 40. What was the wetland park like five years ago? (2 分) 41. Why did students want to give up the work at first? (2 分) 42. What positive changes have taken place in the wetland now? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What small environmental actions do you usually take in daily life? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：It was polluted, lifeless with garbage and dirty waste water everywhere. 解析：定位第一段：垃圾遍地、污水排入水体、动植物消亡，湿地毫无生机，提炼核心环境问题作答。 41. 标准答案：They felt extremely tired when working under the hot sun every day. 解析：第三段细节：夏日烈日下劳作十分辛苦，疲惫感让同学们屡次想要放弃志愿工作。 42. 标准答案：It becomes clean and lively with clean water, plants and many wild birds. 解析：概括文末生态改观：水体洁净、绿植繁茂、鸟类回归，湿地重焕生机，严格控制 20 词以内。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） I always carry reusable cloth bags for shopping and sort household garbage strictly. Besides, I turn off unused lights to save electricity. Tiny acts together help protect our planet. 解析：列举日常低碳小事，立意贴合环保主题，句式流畅、词数合规，符合北京卷开放题满分标准。 Passage 2 2026 北京西城一模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜拒绝一次性塑料制品，践行低碳生活 Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Disposable plastic bags, plastic bottles and tableware are hard to break down naturally. They pollute soil and rivers, harm fish, birds and other wild creatures, and even enter human bodies through food chains quietly. Our school started a “Zero Disposable Plastics” campaign at the beginning of this semester. Teachers called on us to form green living habits: bring reusable water bottles and chopsticks to school, use cloth bags instead of plastic bags while shopping, and avoid buying packed snacks wrapped in thick plastic. At the beginning, many students found it inconvenient. Some forgot to bring water bottles and still bought bottled drinks; others preferred lightweight plastic bags for convenience. Our environmental club held lectures and played videos showing how plastic waste endangered sea animals, which shocked all of us greatly. Gradually, reusable supplies became common around campus. More students chose eco-friendly daily goods. This activity taught us that small daily changes can greatly reduce plastic waste, and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature starts with every personal choice. 40. What harm does disposable plastic bring to nature and creatures? (2 分) 41. What caused most students to resist the campaign at first? (2 分) 42. What result did the school’s plastic-free campaign achieve finally? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Why is it important to cut down plastic use in your opinion? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：It pollutes water and soil and does great harm to wild animals and humans. 解析：第一段点明塑料危害：难以降解，水土遭到污染，伤害野生物种，最终危害人类自身健康。 41. 标准答案：They thought using eco-friendly supplies brought much inconvenience. 解析：第三段细节：自带水杯、布袋等环保用品不如塑料制品便捷，学生初期难以适应。 42. 标准答案：Most students got used to eco-friendly habits and cut plastic waste greatly. 解析：活动收尾成效：全校学生普遍养成绿色习惯，一次性塑料使用量大幅下降。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and threatens wildlife seriously. Reducing plastic use protects oceans and land, helping us live in harmony with nature forever. Passage 3 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜植树造林抵御风沙，守护绿色家园 The northern suburbs of our city used to suffer from frequent sandstorms in early spring decades ago. Strong wind carried sand into the downtown area, blurring the sky, covering roads and houses with dust, and greatly affecting people’s daily travel and health. The main cause was the sharp reduction of forests around the city. To fight sandstorms and improve the climate, the local government carried out a large-scale afforestation plan year after year. Every spring, citizens, teachers and students go to the northern hills to plant saplings together. We students take part in tree-planting activities every March. We dig holes, place saplings firmly, fill soil and water young trees carefully step by step. In the first few years, many small trees died from drought and strong winds. But people never stopped planting and took good care of surviving trees all year round. Decades passed, large forests have covered the hills completely. Now sandstorms almost disappear. The air is fresher, rainfall increases, and the whole area turns green. It proves that forests are the best shield for cities, and continuous tree planting can perfectly balance human needs and natural development. 40. What trouble did sandstorms bring to the city years ago? (2 分) 41. Why did lots of newly-planted trees die in the early period? (2 分) 42. What great changes has long-term tree planting brought to the area? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Would you like to take part in tree-planting activities? Give your reasons. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Sand covered everything, blocked travel and harmed people’s health badly. 解析：开篇沙尘暴危害：黄沙笼罩城市、阻碍出行、损害市民身体健康。 41. 标准答案：They couldn’t survive dry weather and strong spring winds. 解析：第三段细节：初春干旱多风的恶劣气候，导致大批幼苗无法存活。 42. 标准答案：Sandstorms vanished; air and local environment got greatly improved. 解析：总结数十年植树成果：沙尘暴基本消失，空气质量、区域生态全面优化。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I am willing to plant trees regularly. Trees block sandstorms, clean air and offer homes for wildlife. Planting trees is a meaningful way to protect our living environment. 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜接纳口吃缺陷，突破语言自卑 “My name is…” The words always stuck tightly in my throat whenever I needed to introduce myself in public. I have suffered from stuttering since I was seven years old. At first, I adopted a simple way to avoid embarrassment: refuse to speak as much as possible, or replace difficult words with simple synonyms ahead of time. Gradually, I became extremely shy and dared not join class discussions or speech activities, trapped in deep self-inferiority. Later, my biology teacher found my trouble and offered me practical advice. He told me stuttering was just a physical speech feature instead of a personal flaw. He encouraged me to read articles aloud every morning slowly and take every chance to express my thoughts bravely. I followed his advice strictly for over a year. Progress came little by little. I no longer feared talking in front of classmates. Last term, I even signed up for the school English speech contest. Though I still paused occasionally during the speech, I finished the whole presentation calmly. When warm applause burst out, I realized true confidence lies not in being perfect, but in daring to face your own shortcomings bravely. 40. What did the author do to avoid embarrassment caused by stuttering at first? (2 分) 41. Who gave the author suggestions to deal with his stuttering problem? (2 分) 42. What has the author learned from fighting against stuttering? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever struggled with a personal weakness? How did you overcome it? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：He avoided speaking much and replaced hard words with simple ones. 解析：定位第一段细节，作者初期靠少说话、替换难词规避口吃带来的尴尬。 41. 标准答案：His biology teacher offered him useful suggestions patiently. 解析：第二段开篇点明，生物老师发现作者困境并给予指导。 42. 标准答案：True confidence comes from bravely facing one’s own shortcomings. 解析：概括文末主旨：自信不在于完美，而在于勇敢直面自身不足（字数合规）。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） I used to be poor at oral English. I kept reading English passages aloud every day. Gradually, I became confident and could communicate smoothly now. Passage 2 2026 北京海淀高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜告别物质囤积，极简生活治愈精神内耗 During high school, I was always a girl carrying an overstuffed backpack. I filled it with countless items I thought I might need someday: extra notebooks, markers, first-aid supplies, spare clothes and dozens of snacks. I firmly believed that being fully prepared meant safety, yet the heavy bag brought endless troubles. My shoulders and back ached all day long. Worse still, I often turned down parties and outdoor activities, because I hated dragging the huge backpack everywhere. Burdened by unnecessary belongings, I felt anxious and tired all the time without realizing the root cause. Last winter vacation, my mother guided me to try minimalism. I sorted out all my things, threw away useless goods and only kept daily necessities. After clearing out most items, my backpack became light. Unexpectedly, my mental anxiety faded away as well. Now I understand: too many unnecessary possessions tie down our mind. Simplifying our life helps us free ourselves from inner tiredness and focus on what truly matters in life. 40. What did the author put in her heavy backpack all the time? (2 分) 41. Why did the author refuse to take part in social activities? (2 分) 42. What benefit did minimalism bring to the author? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What things will you cut down to make your life simpler? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Lots of unnecessary things she thought she might use someday. 解析：第一段，背包里装满了自以为会用到、实则无用的各类物品。 41. 标准答案：She disliked carrying her heavy oversized backpack around. 解析：第二段细节，不愿时时刻刻背着沉重大包，因此推脱各类活动。 42. 标准答案：It lightened her body and relieved her mental anxiety greatly. 解析：极简生活卸下身体负重，同时治愈了内心焦虑。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） I will reduce useless digital information and idle stationery. Simplifying daily stuff saves my time and energy, letting me concentrate more on my study and hobbies. Passage 3 2026 北京西城高三二模 细分主题：人与自我｜学会幽默，褪去紧绷严肃，收获松弛自我 I used to be a serious female researcher who never smiled in daily work. I stuck strictly to rules, took everything too seriously and never allowed tiny mistakes in my work. Colleagues and students all thought I was cold and hard to get along with, so few people were willing to communicate ideas with me openly. Three years ago, I took part in a city storytelling show by chance. Standing on the stage, I tried to add proper humor into my life sharing. To my surprise, humor broke the distance between me and the audience. Later, I began to apply mild humor to my classes and daily work. Gradually, my students became more active in class discussions, and colleagues were glad to exchange work thoughts with me. I totally changed my rigid personality. I finally realize that humor is not only a way to relax oneself, but also a bridge connecting people and showing our true inner self. 40. What impression did the author leave on her colleagues at first? (2 分) 41. What made the author begin to use humor in work and life? (2 分) 42. What two functions of humor does the author talk about? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Why do you think being humorous is important for teenagers? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She was serious, cold and difficult to get along with. 解析：开篇交代，作者从前不苟言笑，待人严苛，旁人觉得她冷漠难相处。 41. 标准答案：Her experience in a storytelling show made her try using humor. 解析：一次城市故事分享大会的经历，让她初次体会到幽默的力量。 42. 标准答案：It relaxes ourselves and builds good connections with others. 解析：文末概括幽默两大作用：自我放松、搭建人际沟通桥梁。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） Humor helps us ease study pressure and get on well with classmates. When facing troubles, a relaxed mood can also help us solve problems more wisely. Passage 4 2026 北京朝阳高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜告别拖延症，学会规划时间掌控人生 Procrastination was my biggest bad habit during my first two years of high school. I always put off homework, review tasks and daily plans till the last minute. I told myself there was plenty of spare time, but deadlines always pushed me into panic. I finished tasks carelessly under great pressure, leading to poor grades and constant self-blame. My head teacher noticed my problem and taught me a practical time management method: divide big tasks into small daily goals and finish them one by one without delay. I made a daily timetable and stuck to it every day. At the beginning, it was tough to break the old habit. But after two months of persistence, I could arrange my study and rest freely. No more last-minute rush or anxiety. I deeply feel that only by taking action right now can we master our own life instead of being controlled by laziness. 40. What bad habit troubled the author greatly in Grade 1 and Grade 2? (2 分) 41. What result did putting tasks off until the end bring to the author? (2 分) 42. How did the author get rid of procrastination successfully? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What small plans do you make to manage your time well? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She had a serious habit of putting things off constantly. 解析：开篇点明，拖延症是作者高一高二最困扰自己的坏习惯。 41. 标准答案：She finished work carelessly, got bad grades and blamed herself. 解析：拖延导致仓促完成作业、成绩下滑，还不断陷入自我责怪。 42.. 标准答案：She split tasks into small goals and kept carrying out daily plans. 解析：拆分任务、制定每日时间表并长久坚持，最终克服拖延。 43. 满分参考范文（37 词） I make a daily to-do list every morning. I finish learning tasks step by step and avoid delay. It helps me stay efficient and reduce study anxiety. Passage 5 2026 北京丰台高三二模 细分主题：人与自我｜走出完美主义枷锁，接纳不完美的过程 I was a typical perfectionist before. Whether it was homework, art works or class presentations, I would repeatedly revise everything until it reached my strict standard. If any tiny flaw existed, I would feel upset and even give up the whole work directly. Chasing perfect results consumed most of my energy. I spent too much time polishing details and lacked time to learn new knowledge. My study progress slowed down obviously. My art teacher pointed out my problem: Growth lies in the whole trying process rather than flawless outcomes. I tried to change my mindset afterwards. I allowed small mistakes to exist and focused more on progress every day instead of absolute perfection. Slowly, I became more peaceful and efficient. I learned that imperfection is the normal state of personal growth. 40. What would the author do if there were tiny flaws in her works? (2 分) 41. Why did the author’s study progress become slow before? (2 分) 42. What change took place in the author’s attitude towards perfection? (≤20 词) (3 分) 43. Do you want to be a perfectionist? Give your reasons briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：She felt upset and even gave up the whole work completely. 解析：第一段细节，作品稍有瑕疵便心情低落，甚至直接放弃整件成果。 41. 标准答案：She wasted too much time polishing tiny details to seek perfection. 解析：过度打磨细节追求极致完美，耗费大量精力，耽误整体学习进度。 42. 标准答案：She gave up pursuing absolute perfection and valued daily progress. 解析：不再苛求毫无瑕疵，转而看重每日点滴进步，心态变得平和。 43. 满分参考范文（41 词） I don’t want to be a strict perfectionist. Too high standards bring great pressure. Accepting small flaws helps me keep relaxed and make steady progress. Passage 6 2026 北京石景山高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜懂得适时求助，真正理解独立的内涵 I used to misunderstand the meaning of independence deeply in my teenage years. I firmly believed that true independence meant solving all difficulties on my own without asking anyone for help. Whenever I met tough study problems or emotional troubles, I hid them alone and struggled silently. As a result, I often got stuck in difficulties for a long time and felt lonely and exhausted. When I prepared my first comprehensive research project last year, countless technical problems confused me. I refused to turn to teachers and partners, leading to slow progress and huge pressure. Seeing my difficulty, my tutor told me wisely: Asking for help properly is never weakness; it is a necessary ability for independent growth. I took his advice, communicated with teammates and consulted teachers actively. The project was finished smoothly soon. Now I know real independence includes knowing when to seek support from others. 40. What was the author’s wrong understanding of independence at first? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the author meet when preparing the research project? (2 分) 42. What does real independence mean in the author’s new opinion? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. When will you choose to ask others for help in your daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Independence meant solving all problems alone without any help. 解析：开篇误区：认为独立就是万事不求人，独自解决所有难题。 41. 标准答案：She met many technical problems and made very slow progress. 解析：筹备课题时遭遇诸多技术难题，拒不求助导致进度停滞。 42. 标准答案：It includes solving problems and seeking proper help when needed. 解析：全新认知：真正独立既要自主做事，也要学会适时寻求他人帮助。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I will turn to teachers or classmates when I can’t work out difficult knowledge points. Proper help saves time and helps me improve faster. 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京顺义区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜挣脱手机依赖，珍惜线下真实社交与生活 Nowadays, nearly every teenager is tied tightly to smartphones. When visiting scenic spots, attending family gatherings or hanging out with friends, most people focus all their attention on taking photos and posting moments online, instead of feeling the scenery and communicating with people around them face to face. We are busy recording life to show others, yet we rarely truly live it. Last summer vacation, I travelled to an ancient town with my parents. At first, I kept raising my phone to shoot every building and snack, eager to share photos on social media. My father reminded me gently: “If your eyes are always fixed on the screen, you will miss all the real beauty right in front of you.” I put my phone into my bag and tried to observe everything carefully. I appreciated the ancient architectural details, chatted with local elderly residents about town stories and tasted snacks slowly. Without the disturbance of mobile phones, I gained far richer feelings from the journey. I finally realize: Life is meant to be experienced rather than just recorded. Putting down digital devices helps us reconnect with the real world and warm interpersonal relationships around us. 40. What do most teenagers usually do with phones when going sightseeing now? (2 分) 41. What did the author’s father advise her to do during the trip? (2 分) 42. What benefit can we get after putting down our smartphones? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. How do you control your screen time in daily life? Give specific ways. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They take many photos and post them online instead of enjoying views. 解析：定位第一段细节：游览时不停拍照、发布社交平台，无心欣赏实景。 41. 标准答案：She should put down the phone and feel real scenery with her own eyes. 解析：父亲劝导作者放下手机，用双眼亲身感受古镇风光。 42. 标准答案：We can enjoy real life and build warm face-to-face relationships. 解析：概括文末主旨：脱离手机干扰，体验真实生活、维系线下温情社交。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I set fixed daily screen time limits and leave my phone outside my bedroom at night. More spare time is spent reading books and talking with my family members. Passage 2 2026 北京房山区高三二模 细分主题：人与社会｜乡村支教志愿服务，助力城乡教育均衡发展 There exists a clear gap between urban and rural education in our country. Primary schools in mountain villages lack sufficient volunteer teachers and rich after-school courses. Many rural children have few chances to learn English, painting and music systematically after class. Last winter holiday, ten students from our school took part in a one-week volunteer teaching program in a mountain primary school. We divided work properly: some taught oral English, others organized art and music lessons, and I was responsible for story-sharing activities. At the beginning, rural kids were shy and dared not speak in class. We tried our best to encourage them patiently. Gradually, they became active to raise questions and take part in group games. Before we left, children drew lots of paintings to thank us. This volunteer experience made me deeply aware that teenagers can contribute to narrowing educational gaps. Small voluntary efforts can bring hope and colorful childhood to rural children. 40. What problem do rural primary schools in mountain areas face? (2 分) 41. What courses did the volunteer students offer to rural children? (2 分) 42. What did the author learn from the volunteer teaching experience? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Would you take part in rural volunteer teaching? Why or why not? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They lack teachers and various after-school interest courses. 解析：开篇点明困境：师资不足，美育、英语等课后兴趣课程匮乏。 41. 标准答案：They offered oral English, art, music and story-sharing classes. 解析：第二段罗列支教开设的全部课程内容。 42. 标准答案：Teenagers can help reduce urban-rural educational gaps via volunteer work. 解析：支教感悟：青少年志愿行动能够助力缩小城乡教育差距。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） I’m willing to join volunteer teaching. I hope to bring new knowledge to rural kids. Meanwhile, I can cherish my learning conditions and gain precious life experience. Passage 3 2026 北京昌平区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜城市公共图书馆建设，营造全民阅读的书香社会 To enrich citizens’ spiritual life and build a reading-oriented city, our municipal government has built many community public libraries in recent years. These small libraries are distributed in every residential area, equipped with various books covering literature, history, science and children’s readings. They open for free all day long for local residents. Before community libraries were built, most people spent spare time watching short videos or playing online games at home, rarely picking up books to read. Now citizens of all ages are frequent visitors here: the elderly read newspapers quietly, students finish homework after school, parents accompany kids to enjoy picture books on weekends. Our school also cooperates with nearby community libraries regularly. We take turns working as volunteer librarians, sorting books and guiding readers to borrow books. Reading nourishes people’s minds and purifies social atmosphere. Widely available public libraries make reading a daily habit for ordinary people and lift the whole city’s cultural taste. 40. Why did the government build lots of community public libraries? (2 分) 41. How did most local residents spend their free time before the libraries appeared? (2 分) 42. What positive influence do community libraries bring to the whole city? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What benefits does reading bring to individuals and society? Briefly talk about it. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To enrich people’s spiritual life and build a city full of reading atmosphere. 解析：第一段建设初衷：丰富市民精神生活，打造书香阅读城市。 41. 标准答案：They killed spare time by watching short videos and playing online games. 解析：图书馆建成前，大众闲暇时光大多耗费在短视频、网络游戏上。 42. 标准答案：They turn reading into daily habits and improve the city’s cultural level. 解析：社区图书馆让全民养成阅读习惯，整体提升城市文化底蕴。 满分参考范文（38 词） 43. Reading broadens our horizons and calms our minds personally. For society, widespread reading creates gentle, civilized social atmosphere and promotes cultural progress. Passage 4 2026 北京通州区高三二模 细分主题：人与社会｜青少年新媒体出海，向海外友人传播中国民俗文化 Nowadays, short-video platforms offer convenient ways for Chinese teenagers to communicate with foreign peers online. Many young people seize this chance to introduce traditional Chinese folk customs to the world, breaking cultural barriers between different countries. I joined a school cultural exchange club last semester. Our team recorded short English videos introducing daily folk customs: Spring Festival celebrations, Dragon Boat Festival traditions, Chinese traditional snacks and folk festival rituals. We posted these videos on international video platforms regularly. At first, few foreign viewers paid attention to our works. We adjusted our shooting style, added vivid stories behind customs, and patiently replied to foreign netizens’ questions one by one. Gradually, thousands of overseas teenagers followed our account and showed great interest in Chinese culture. I deeply feel that teenagers are excellent cultural ambassadors. Through new media, we can tell warm Chinese stories well and promote mutual understanding between different cultures. 40. What convenient channel helps teenagers communicate with foreign peers nowadays? (2 分) 41. What Chinese contents did the author’s team show in their short videos? (2 分) 42. What role do teenagers play in spreading Chinese culture online? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What Chinese traditional culture would you like to introduce to foreigners? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：International short-video platforms offer convenient online communication. 解析：开篇点明：海外短视频平台搭建了中外青少年线上沟通渠道。 41. 标准答案：They introduced various Chinese traditional folk customs and festivals. 解析：团队视频内容围绕中国传统节日、民俗饮食、节庆习俗展开。 42. 标准答案：They act as cultural ambassadors to spread Chinese culture worldwide. 解析：青少年借助新媒体担当文化使者，向世界讲述中国故事。 43. 满分参考范文 I want to introduce Chinese tea culture. It carries our peaceful life philosophy. Sharing it lets foreign friends feel the gentle charm of traditional Chinese civilization. Passage 5 2026 北京大兴区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜恪守公共场所礼仪，共建文明和谐城市公共空间 Public etiquette is the basic symbol of a civilized city. Behaving properly in buses, subways, cinemas and waiting halls helps maintain orderly public space and respect every stranger around us. However, uncivilized behaviors still exist in daily public life: talking loudly on phones, occupying seats with personal belongings, littering casually and cutting in line. Our city launched a “Public Civility Initiative” last spring, calling on all citizens to standardize public behaviors. Our class took part in voluntary publicity work: we handed out etiquette leaflets at subway stations, reminded passengers to keep quiet and queue up politely. At the beginning, some people ignored our reminders. But as more volunteers joined in, most citizens gradually corrected bad habits. Public places became quieter, tidier and more orderly. Good public manners rely on every citizen’s self-discipline. Small polite behaviors together build a warm, civilized urban society for everyone. 40. What will good public etiquette bring to urban public spaces? (2 分) 41. What uncivilized acts can still be seen in public places? (2 分) 42. How did the voluntary work change people’s public behaviors? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What public rules do you always stick to in daily life? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 标准答案：It keeps public space orderly and shows respect to other people. 解析：第一段主旨：公共礼仪维护公共秩序，给予身边陌生人尊重。 标准答案：Loud calls, occupying seats, littering and jumping the queue. 解析：罗列现存不文明公共举止：大声喧哗、占座、乱扔垃圾、插队。 标准答案：Most citizens corrected bad habits and public environment became orderly. 解析：志愿宣传推动市民改掉陋习，城市公共环境愈发井然文明。 满分参考范文（39 词） I always queue up patiently and keep quiet on public transport. I never litter. Small self-disciplined behaviors help maintain comfortable public environment for all people. 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京延庆区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜营建城市宜居环境，守护迁徙候鸟生物多样性 Beijing lies on a vital migration channel for wild birds across East Asia. Ten years ago, many migratory birds hesitated to stop over in the city. Tall skyscrapers with transparent glass walls often caused birds to crash into windows; scarce wild plants and scattered green spaces could not supply enough food and safe resting places for passing birds. To change the situation, the municipal government carried out a series of ecological improvements. They redesigned glass buildings with anti-collision grids, expanded urban green belts, planted native fruit shrubs and built dozens of small ecological wetlands around reservoirs. Meanwhile, environmental volunteers regularly put out bird food and reminded citizens not to disturb wild birds. Our biology club joined bird-watching and monitoring activities every spring vacation. We recorded bird species, counted their numbers and wrote observation reports for the forestry department. Gradually, more than 530 kinds of wild birds have been recorded in Beijing at present. Birds are the clearest barometer of ecological quality. The growing number of migratory birds proves that harmonious coexistence between cities and wildlife can be achieved through lasting ecological protection. 40. What two main troubles prevented migratory birds from staying in Beijing years ago? (2 分) 41. What work did environmental volunteers do to protect wild birds? (2 分) 42. What result has the city’s bird protection project achieved? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What can ordinary teenagers do to protect wild birds in daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Glass buildings hurt birds; food and safe habitats were insufficient. 解析：定位第一段：玻璃幕墙导致鸟类撞击伤亡、绿植匮乏缺少食物与休憩栖息地。 41. 标准答案：They offered bird food and warned people not to disturb wild birds. 解析：第二段细节：志愿者投喂鸟类食物，劝导市民不要惊扰候鸟栖息。 42. 标准答案：Over 530 bird species live here and urban ecology gets greatly improved. 解析：概括全文成效：鸟类种类突破 530 种，城市整体生态环境显著向好。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I will never chase or feed wild birds casually. I also share bird protection knowledge online. Small efforts help wild creatures live safely alongside us. Passage 2 2026 北京怀柔区高三二模 细分主题：人与自然｜校园生态菜园劳作，体悟土地价值与可持续农耕 Most urban teenagers nowadays barely have chances to get close to soil and growing plants. We buy all vegetables from supermarkets directly, unaware of how crops grow and the hardships behind food production. To bridge the gap between students and nature, our school opened an ecological vegetable garden last spring. We divided the garden into small plots for each class. Every Wednesday afternoon, we went to tend our own land: loosening soil, sowing seeds, watering young seedlings and removing weeds carefully. We refused chemical pesticides and fertilizers, only using fallen leaves and vegetable leftovers to make natural compost. At first, many crops suffered from insect pests and grew slowly. We looked up agricultural knowledge online and asked professional gardeners for advice patiently. After three months’ careful care, we harvested tomatoes, cucumbers and green vegetables successfully. Tending the garden taught me valuable lessons. Food is hard-earned, and working with soil lets us feel the magic of nature and learn to cherish natural resources. 40. Why did the school build an ecological vegetable garden for students? (2 分) 41. What did students use to feed crops instead of chemical fertilizers? (2 分) 42. What two lessons did the author learn from planting vegetables? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. How does getting close to nature change your daily ideas? Give examples. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：To let students get close to nature and understand food production. 解析：建校菜园初衷：让城市孩子亲近自然，了解农作物生长、懂得粮食来之不易。 41. 标准答案：They made natural compost with fallen leaves and vegetable leftovers. 解析：学生摒弃化肥，利用落叶、蔬菜残体自制天然堆肥滋养作物。 42. 标准答案：Food is precious and we should cherish all natural resources. 解析：劳作感悟：粮食来之不易，心怀敬畏、珍惜一切自然资源。 43. 满分参考范文（38 词） After planting flowers myself, I never waste food anymore. I also prefer outdoor walks to screen time to feel the beauty of natural scenery. Passage 3 2026 北京平谷区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜守护红树林 “海上森林”，保护海岸海洋生态系统 Mangroves, known as "forests on the sea", are vital coastal ecosystems. Their tangled roots purify seawater, block storm waves, and offer safe homes for fish, crabs and coastal water birds. Yet decades ago, large areas of mangroves along our coastline were cut down to build seafood farms and docks. Seawater became dirty, coastal wildlife decreased sharply, and coastal areas suffered more storm disasters. The local government launched a mangrove restoration project 15 years ago. Workers planted native mangrove saplings along the shore, banned illegal coastal reclamation and set up protected zones. Teenager volunteers also took part: we cleaned coastal marine garbage regularly and introduced mangrove ecological knowledge to tourists. Year after year, thick mangrove forests have come back. Clear seawater, various fish and flocks of herons reappear along the coast. Mangroves perfectly connect land and ocean, maintaining the balance of coastal marine ecology. I realize that protecting coastal plants is equal to protecting the whole ocean and ourselves. 40. What harm did cutting down mangroves bring to coastal areas in the past? (2 分) 41. What volunteer work did teenagers do for mangrove protection? (2 分) 42. What positive changes have taken place along the coastline now? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Why is it important to protect marine ecosystems in your opinion? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Sea got polluted, wildlife reduced and storms hit coasts more often. 解析：砍伐红树林恶果：海水污染、海岸生物锐减，风暴灾害愈发频繁。 41. 标准答案：They cleaned coastal rubbish and popularized mangrove protection knowledge. 解析：青少年志愿内容：清理海岸垃圾、向游客科普红树林生态价值。 42. 标准答案：Mangroves recovered, coastal ecology is balanced and wildlife returned. 解析：生态修复成果：红树林成片恢复，海岸生态重回平衡，海洋生物归来。 43. 满分参考范文（40 词） Marine ecosystems support countless lives on Earth. Protecting oceans prevents pollution and climate risks, keeping balanced natural environment for human beings forever. Passage 4 2026 北京门头沟区高三二模 细分主题：人与自然｜普及太阳能清洁能源，降低碳排放缓解气候变暖 Excessive burning of coal, oil and natural gas releases massive carbon dioxide, leading to global warming continuously. Glaciers melt, extreme weather occurs frequently, and many natural habitats are destroyed worldwide. To cut carbon emissions, our city has been popularizing solar energy in recent years. Solar panels have been installed on the rooftops of schools, communities and public buildings. Sunlight is turned into clean electric energy for daily lighting, water heating and equipment operation. Unlike fossil fuels, solar power produces no waste gas or pollution and never runs out. Our school put solar panels on the teaching building roof last semester. We held environmental lessons to learn how solar energy works and made posters calling on families to use more clean energy. Gradually, more residents chose solar-powered home devices. Clean renewable energy is the key to slowing global warming. Replacing fossil fuels helps humans live sustainably with the whole planet. 40. What is the main cause of global warming according to the text? (2 分) 41. Where are solar energy panels widely set up in the city? (2 分) 42. What advantage does solar energy have over traditional fossil fuels? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What low-carbon energy habits will you keep at home? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：Massive carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels causes global warming. 解析：大量燃烧化石燃料排放二氧化碳，是全球气候变暖的核心诱因。 41. 标准答案：They are fixed on rooftops of schools, communities and public buildings. 解析：太阳能板大规模铺设在学校、社区、公共建筑楼顶。 42. 标准答案：It is pollution-free, renewable and produces no harmful waste gas. 解析：太阳能无污染、可再生，不会排放废气污染物，优于传统能源。 43. 满分参考范文（39 词） I turn off unused electrical appliances all the time. My family uses solar water heaters. These small habits cut carbon emissions and help ease global warming. Passage 5 2026 北京密云区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜防范外来入侵物种，守护本土动植物生态平衡 Alien invasive species are a hidden threat to local natural ecosystems. When plants or animals from other regions are brought in casually, they have no natural enemies locally. They will occupy living resources, crowd out native species and break the original ecological balance step by step. Several years ago, a kind of fast-growing water plant was thrown into our local reservoir accidentally. It spread rapidly across the water surface, blocking sunlight underwater. Native water grass died off, fish lost food sources, and the whole reservoir ecosystem was severely damaged. Local ecological staff spent nearly two years clearing the invasive plants completely. Afterwards, our school launched a popular science campaign: we learned to identify common invasive species and reminded people not to release foreign creatures into rivers, lakes and wild areas. Each native creature is an important part of nature. Refusing random introduction of alien species is our duty to protect local natural home. 40. Why can alien invasive species damage local ecosystems easily? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the invasive water plant bring to the reservoir? (2 分) 42. What did students do to prevent alien species invasion? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever learned about invasive species? How will you behave? (about 40 words) (5 分) 答案 + 逐题详解 40. 标准答案：They have no natural enemies and seize resources from native species. 解析：外来物种本土无天敌，抢夺生存资源，挤压本土生物生存空间。 41. 标准答案：It covered water, killed native plants and deprived fish of food. 解析：水草泛滥遮蔽水下阳光，本土水草消亡，鱼类失去食物来源。 42. 标准答案：They studied invasive species knowledge and warned people against random release. 解析：学生学习入侵物种辨识知识，劝导大众不要随意放生外来动植物。 43. 满分参考范文 I have learned about invasive species at school. I will never release pet creatures into wild waters and remind my friends to protect native ecological balance. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 阅读表达内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 北京卷阅读表达坚守立德树人命题导向，育人立意鲜明，三大主题语境排布均衡有序，命题周期轮换规律清晰，文本兼具思想性、文学性与思辨性，侧重考查信息提取、逻辑概括、深层理解与语言转述能力，整体选材节奏与语法填空互为呼应、统筹排布： ① 人与自我（2024、2025、2026 连续三年主流高频）：聚焦自我认知、挫折磨砺、习惯塑造、内心修行、价值思考、终身学习、化解情绪内耗、正视得失等成长议题，深挖青少年精神世界，引导学生建立正向人生观念，是现阶段核心考查方向； ② 人与社会 + 人与自然（隔年交替轮换）：涵盖社会公德、人际相处、志愿服务、城市文脉、非遗传承、乡土民俗、生态保护、自然疗愈、大众生活现象思考、细微家国情怀两大板块，兼具人文温度与现实思考价值。 2021—2026 年北京高考英语阅读表达历年汇总表 年份 体裁 词数 主题语境考向 核心主旨 2026 哲理随笔散文 245 人与自我 摒弃浮躁功利的处事心态，以长久积累沉淀自我，懂得静心坚守方能实现内在蜕变，收获精神富足 2025 叙事感悟文 236 人与自我 直面自身自卑怯懦的心理短板，不断尝试突破舒适区，在一次次历练中建立自信，接纳并完善自我 2024 议论性小品文 250 人与自我 拒绝一味追逐结果，用心感受做事全过程，理解体验与积淀的意义大于最终得失，树立松弛有度的生活观 2023 人文叙事散文 231 人与社会 走访古都街巷老字号，品读匠人坚守传统手艺的故事，感悟市井文化魅力与传统文化代代延续的意义 2022 自然感悟散文 222 人与自然 沉浸式走进山野自然，领略四季风物变幻，借自然消解身心疲惫，树立尊重自然、亲近自然的生活理念 2021 温情叙事短文 227 人与社会 跟随长辈研习传统生活技艺，在朝夕相处中承接优良家风，体悟亲情陪伴的价值与代代相传的温情 2026年北京卷阅读表达（第一节）以“坚持与变通”为思辨主题，将阅读理解和书面表达深度融通，体现了从“考知识”向“考素养”的转型。 一、 命题立意：价值引领与思维淬炼并重 命题紧扣“立德树人”，选材聚焦青少年成长中的自我突破与品格塑造，引导考生辩证看待成败。尤其契合AI时代需求，加大了对创造性、批判性思维等AI难以替代能力的考查力度，引导考生从“信息筛选”走向“价值判断”。 二、 设问特点：综合性与开放性突出 阅读表达题包括细节理解与开放性问题。以第43题为例，要求考生将文中“转换方向”的处世智慧迁移至解决个人实际困难，强调概念的迁移与语境重构能力。该题无标准答案，鼓励个性化表达与创新思维，赋予考生充分的思考与发挥空间。 三、 能力考查：读写深度融合 此题型不仅是阅读理解的延伸，更是书面表达的真实情境化考查。它要求考生在精准理解语篇的基础上，进行信息整合、逻辑建构与规范表达，实现了语言输入与输出的有机衔接，体现了“学用结合”的学科理念-1-4。 考向：人与自我类 2026年高考英语北京卷阅读表达 第一节阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题、请在答题卡指定区域作答。 “Winners never quit and quitters never win.” It’s a great expression of our admiration of courage and persistence (坚持). But as Aristotle observed over 2,000 years ago, actions pushed to their extreme turn into disasters. There is a famous story about the Scottish king Robert the Bruce. Robert hid in a cave after his sixth defeat by the English, and there he watched a spider (蜘蛛) try to secure its web to the cave wall. The spider tried and failed six times before finally succeeding. Robert then decided to return to the fight, winning independence for the Scots — on the seventh attempt. King Robert’s story offers a deep well of inspiration for those who most need it. But lately I’ve been thinking about a possibility the story ignores. What if the spider had been climbing the wrong corner of the cave? There’s a crucial difference between failing at the right thing and persisting at the wrong one. When we fail at the right thing, persistence makes sense. We learn, adjust, and try again. But when we persist with the wrong thing, every bit of effort takes us further from where we are meant to be. Quitting is in fact necessary for growth. By ending something, we create space for something new to grow. We need to exit the things that don’t work anymore to be able to enter the ones that make sense for who we are today. We can imagine a different version of King Robert’s story. In this story, the spider falls a seventh time. It stops on the stone floor — and then turns, moving slowly towards a different corner of the cave, where the wind is calmer and the flies more plentiful. 40. What is Aristotle’s observation according to this passage? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why is quitting necessary for growth? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►Failing at the right thing takes us further from where we are meant to be. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How can you apply the idea of “moving towards a different corner” to a real-life challenge? (In about 40 words) 【技巧点拨】 针对2026年北京卷阅读表达“读写融合”的新特点，考生需掌握以下应试策略： 一、精准输入：破解语篇密码 阅读时主动圈画每段主题句与文中隐含的价值判断。特别注意事例与观点的逻辑衔接，理清“问题—方法—启示”的结构脉络，为后续作答储备充足、准确的语料依据。 二、规范输出：严守答题形态 答案必须句子完整、语法正确、语义自足，不能直接摘抄原文零散短语。需主动转换人称与时态（如原文“we”改“I”，“should”改为“should consider”），并确保字数严格控制在规定范围内。 三、高阶思维：迁移与深度开放 针对“观点迁移”类问题，切忌空泛表态。应先点明观点，再结合个人经历或常识，用2-3句话具体阐述“我会如何实践”，做到言之有物、逻辑自洽，展现真实思考与语言组织能力。 四、时间管理：稳扎稳打 建议用时控制在15-18分钟，预留2分钟检查拼写、时态及标点，避免因低级错误失分。 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2025 北京卷真题改编・主题：人与自我｜重塑成功认知，在试错中自我成长 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题、请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For nearly three years in high school, all my peers and I chased the standard version of success valued by colleges. Success meant packing schedules with AP courses, winning all kinds of competitions, collecting piles of certificates, and scoring top grades constantly. I buried myself in this busy routine day after day, exhausted mentally, yet I never paused to ask myself what success truly meant to me personally. It was not until the second half of senior year that I began to reflect deeply. Why should my whole self-worth be measured merely by exam scores and awards? I made up my mind to abandon the crowded path others followed blindly. I only picked two courses that truly interested me, enjoying the pleasure of learning rather than striving for high marks. Gradually, I gained a brand-new understanding of success. I also learned to regard failures as valuable progress. In Grade Nine, I took my first group interview for a student leader position. Being shy and inexperienced, I failed completely and left feeling defeated. However, I was deeply inspired by a confident senior competitor during the interview. This experience planted the seed of self-belief inside me. One year later, with calm mindsets and accumulated experience, I took the interview again. Encouraged by the memory of that senior, I expressed myself bravely and finally got the position. I eventually realized: True success never comes overnight. It lies in knowing yourself clearly, sticking to your inner heart, and growing step by step through mistakes and trials. 40. What did most students regard as success before senior year? (2 分) 41. Why did the author choose only two courses in senior year? (2 分) 42. What lesson did the author learn from her first failed interview? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What is your understanding of true success? Please combine your personal experience to explain it. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 海淀一模改编・主题：人与自我｜接纳自身缺憾，建立内在自信 A noticeable scar across my right cheek, left by a childhood fall, had trapped me in inferiority for almost ten years. I avoided group photos, lowered my head in public crowds and refused to take part in stage performances, convinced that the scar made me ugly and unwelcome. I always compared myself with classmates who had smooth faces and outgoing personalities, feeling far less valuable than them. My attitude changed completely thanks to my art teacher Ms. Lee. One day she assigned a portrait-drawing task and asked us to paint our own faces honestly. When I hesitated to start, Ms. Lee told me gently: “Scars are marks of your life experiences, not flaws to be hidden. Your uniqueness is your greatest charm.” Her words struck me deeply. I finished my painting, drawing the scar carefully instead of covering it. Looking at the finished work, I suddenly understood that everyone has imperfections. Trying to be identical to others will only make you lose yourself. Later, I volunteered to host the class English speech contest. Standing on the stage, I no longer cared about the scar on my cheek. I focused on sharing my ideas sincerely. I won the second prize and received warm applause. Now I fully accept all my shortcomings. Inner confidence, rather than perfect appearance, shapes who we are. 40. What made the author feel inferior for many years? (2 分) 41. What task did Ms. Lee give the author’s class? (2 分) 42. What change took place in the author after finishing the self-portrait? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever struggled with your own shortcomings? How did you deal with it? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 西城二模原创改编・主题：人与自我｜摆脱攀比内耗，遵从自身成长节奏 Nowadays, most teenagers easily fall into the trap of social comparison. We tend to look at classmates’ grades, hobbies, talents and even daily schedules, constantly worrying that we fall behind others. This endless comparison brings huge mental pressure and unnecessary anxiety, preventing us from focusing on our own life pace. I was once a typical victim of comparison anxiety. Whenever my deskmate got higher scores in exams or mastered new skills faster than me, I would feel anxious and push myself to rush blindly. I arranged tight daily plans to copy her lifestyle, yet I felt tired all the time and made little progress. My mother helped me walk out of the negative state. She told me that everyone has different growing rhythms. Some people advance fast at the beginning, while others take time to accumulate strength. There is no universal timetable for personal growth. I stopped staring at others’ progress and made plans suitable for my own learning habits. I focused on my weak subjects step by step and celebrated every tiny progress I made. Gradually, my anxiety faded away, and my study efficiency improved greatly. I finally understand: The most important thing is not catching up with others, but becoming a better version of yourself day by day. 40. What negative influence does blind comparison bring to teenagers? (2 分) 41. Why did the author feel tired and gain no progress at first? (2 分) 42. What is the key to getting rid of comparison anxiety according to the text? (≤20 词) (3 分) 43. How do you avoid comparing yourself with others in daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城一模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜社区敬老志愿服务，践行社会责任 Last semester, our class launched a long-term volunteer program for the elderly living alone in our community. Many senior citizens there have no children staying with them. They often feel lonely and struggle with daily small tasks like carrying groceries, adjusting smart devices or tidying rooms. At first, some classmates hesitated to take part. They worried they had no spare time after heavy schoolwork and did not know how to communicate with the elderly. Our head teacher encouraged us: Serving the community is a precious social lesson beyond textbooks. We divided ourselves into small groups and visited the elderly every Saturday afternoon. I was paired with Grandma Wang, an 80-year-old retired teacher. Each time I went, I helped her clean the house, taught her to use WeChat video calls to talk with her granddaughter far away, and listened patiently to her stories about her youth. Gradually, her loneliness faded away, and she always waited for my arrival happily. Months later, all volunteers gained far more than we gave. We learned to be patient, respectful and caring toward the elderly. The whole community also became warmer and more harmonious because of our continuous small kindnesses. I deeply realize that everyone can contribute to building a friendly society through trivial voluntary actions. 40. What problem do the elderly living alone in the community face? (2 分) 41. Why did some students refuse to join the volunteer program at the beginning? (2 分) 42. What changes did the volunteer activity bring to the community? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever taken part in community volunteer work? Share your experience and feelings. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜邻里互助，构建和谐邻里关系 Nowadays, many people living in apartment buildings barely know their neighbors. Fast-paced modern life makes people keep distant from one another, leading to cold interpersonal relationships in residential areas. This was exactly the situation in my apartment building half a year ago. Everything changed after a sudden heavy rainstorm last summer. One midnight, the balcony of the elderly couple next door was flooded, and they could not move heavy furniture indoors alone. Hearing their anxious shouts, my parents and I rushed over to offer help without hesitation. We worked together to move wet boxes, mop up water and fix the leaking window till midnight. To thank us, the old couple brought homemade snacks to our home several days later. Gradually, more neighbors began to greet each other when meeting in the corridor. We even held a small neighborhood party on the courtyard lawn on Mid-Autumn Festival, sharing mooncakes and chatting happily. Cold walls cannot block warm hearts. A little kindness breaks the ice between strangers. Good neighborhood relations rely on mutual care and timely help when others are in trouble. 40.What was the interpersonal situation in the author’s building before the rainstorm? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the elderly next door meet during the rainstorm? (2 分) 42. What effect did helping the elderly have on the whole building? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What will you do to get along well with your neighbors? Give examples. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 北京海淀一模真题改编 主题：人与社会｜青少年传承中华传统文化，向社会传递文化魅力 Traditional Chinese handicrafts are precious cultural treasures, yet many ancient skills are gradually fading away as time goes by. To preserve local intangible cultural heritage, our city held a youth traditional craft exhibition last spring, inviting middle school students to learn and display traditional skills. Our school chose paper-cutting as the main display item. At first, most of us knew nothing about paper-cutting skills. We invited a folk paper-cutting master to give regular lessons after school. We practiced repeatedly for two months: mastering cutting lines, designing festive patterns such as lanterns and rabbits, and learning the cultural meanings behind each work. On the exhibition day, our delicate paper-cut works attracted crowds of citizens. Many visitors stopped to watch and asked us about the stories of paper-cutting. We patiently introduced the history and cultural value of this folk art to every guest. Through this activity, more local residents gained a deeper understanding of traditional handicrafts. I truly believe teenagers have the duty to inherit and promote our fine traditional culture for the whole society. 40. Why did the city hold the youth traditional craft exhibition? (2 分) 41. What did students do to prepare for the paper-cutting display? (2 分) 42. What positive influence did the exhibition bring to local citizens? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Which traditional culture would you like to spread? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京海淀二模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜守护城市湿地公园，恢复湿地生态 Near our community lies a small urban wetland park. Five years ago, it was in terrible condition. Random garbage was thrown everywhere, waste water from nearby shops flowed into the water, and water plants died gradually. Few birds or wild animals visited here, and local residents seldom came to relax in this lifeless area. Last spring, the city launched a wetland restoration project, inviting middle school students to take part in voluntary environmental protection work. Our class signed up without hesitation. We were divided into groups to carry out different tasks: picking up all rubbish day by day, clearing silt in the water channels, planting reeds and water flowers suitable for wetland environment, and putting up warning signs to stop littering. The whole volunteer work lasted three months. At first, we felt tired under the hot sun and wanted to give up many times. But when we spotted little wild ducks swimming on the clean water and herons resting on newly-grown reeds, we regained motivation and kept going. Now the wetland has taken on a brand-new look. Clear water, green plants and various wild birds attract plenty of citizens to come for walks. We deeply realize that human beings can repair damaged nature with continuous efforts, and protecting the environment is everyone’s lifelong responsibility. 40. What was the wetland park like five years ago? (2 分) 41. Why did students want to give up the work at first? (2 分) 42. What positive changes have taken place in the wetland now? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What small environmental actions do you usually take in daily life? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 北京西城一模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜拒绝一次性塑料制品，践行低碳生活 Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems worldwide. Disposable plastic bags, plastic bottles and tableware are hard to break down naturally. They pollute soil and rivers, harm fish, birds and other wild creatures, and even enter human bodies through food chains quietly. Our school started a “Zero Disposable Plastics” campaign at the beginning of this semester. Teachers called on us to form green living habits: bring reusable water bottles and chopsticks to school, use cloth bags instead of plastic bags while shopping, and avoid buying packed snacks wrapped in thick plastic. At the beginning, many students found it inconvenient. Some forgot to bring water bottles and still bought bottled drinks; others preferred lightweight plastic bags for convenience. Our environmental club held lectures and played videos showing how plastic waste endangered sea animals, which shocked all of us greatly. Gradually, reusable supplies became common around campus. More students chose eco-friendly daily goods. This activity taught us that small daily changes can greatly reduce plastic waste, and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature starts with every personal choice. 40. What harm does disposable plastic bring to nature and creatures? (2 分) 41. What caused most students to resist the campaign at first? (2 分) 42. What result did the school’s plastic-free campaign achieve finally? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Why is it important to cut down plastic use in your opinion? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 北京朝阳二模真题改编 主题：人与自然｜植树造林抵御风沙，守护绿色家园 The northern suburbs of our city used to suffer from frequent sandstorms in early spring decades ago. Strong wind carried sand into the downtown area, blurring the sky, covering roads and houses with dust, and greatly affecting people’s daily travel and health. The main cause was the sharp reduction of forests around the city. To fight sandstorms and improve the climate, the local government carried out a large-scale afforestation plan year after year. Every spring, citizens, teachers and students go to the northern hills to plant saplings together. We students take part in tree-planting activities every March. We dig holes, place saplings firmly, fill soil and water young trees carefully step by step. In the first few years, many small trees died from drought and strong winds. But people never stopped planting and took good care of surviving trees all year round. Decades passed, large forests have covered the hills completely. Now sandstorms almost disappear. The air is fresher, rainfall increases, and the whole area turns green. It proves that forests are the best shield for cities, and continuous tree planting can perfectly balance human needs and natural development. 40. What trouble did sandstorms bring to the city years ago? (2 分) 41. Why did lots of newly-planted trees die in the early period? (2 分) 42. What great changes has long-term tree planting brought to the area? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Would you like to take part in tree-planting activities? Give your reasons. (about 40 words) (5 分) 【人与自我类】 Passage 1 2026 北京东城高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜接纳口吃缺陷，突破语言自卑 “My name is…” The words always stuck tightly in my throat whenever I needed to introduce myself in public. I have suffered from stuttering since I was seven years old. At first, I adopted a simple way to avoid embarrassment: refuse to speak as much as possible, or replace difficult words with simple synonyms ahead of time. Gradually, I became extremely shy and dared not join class discussions or speech activities, trapped in deep self-inferiority. Later, my biology teacher found my trouble and offered me practical advice. He told me stuttering was just a physical speech feature instead of a personal flaw. He encouraged me to read articles aloud every morning slowly and take every chance to express my thoughts bravely. I followed his advice strictly for over a year. Progress came little by little. I no longer feared talking in front of classmates. Last term, I even signed up for the school English speech contest. Though I still paused occasionally during the speech, I finished the whole presentation calmly. When warm applause burst out, I realized true confidence lies not in being perfect, but in daring to face your own shortcomings bravely. 40. What did the author do to avoid embarrassment caused by stuttering at first? (2 分) 41. Who gave the author suggestions to deal with his stuttering problem? (2 分) 42. What has the author learned from fighting against stuttering? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever struggled with a personal weakness? How did you overcome it? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 北京海淀高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜告别物质囤积，极简生活治愈精神内耗 During high school, I was always a girl carrying an overstuffed backpack. I filled it with countless items I thought I might need someday: extra notebooks, markers, first-aid supplies, spare clothes and dozens of snacks. I firmly believed that being fully prepared meant safety, yet the heavy bag brought endless troubles. My shoulders and back ached all day long. Worse still, I often turned down parties and outdoor activities, because I hated dragging the huge backpack everywhere. Burdened by unnecessary belongings, I felt anxious and tired all the time without realizing the root cause. Last winter vacation, my mother guided me to try minimalism. I sorted out all my things, threw away useless goods and only kept daily necessities. After clearing out most items, my backpack became light. Unexpectedly, my mental anxiety faded away as well. Now I understand: too many unnecessary possessions tie down our mind. Simplifying our life helps us free ourselves from inner tiredness and focus on what truly matters in life. 40. What did the author put in her heavy backpack all the time? (2 分) 41. Why did the author refuse to take part in social activities? (2 分) 42. What benefit did minimalism bring to the author? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What things will you cut down to make your life simpler? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 北京西城高三二模 细分主题：人与自我｜学会幽默，褪去紧绷严肃，收获松弛自我 I used to be a serious female researcher who never smiled in daily work. I stuck strictly to rules, took everything too seriously and never allowed tiny mistakes in my work. Colleagues and students all thought I was cold and hard to get along with, so few people were willing to communicate ideas with me openly. Three years ago, I took part in a city storytelling show by chance. Standing on the stage, I tried to add proper humor into my life sharing. To my surprise, humor broke the distance between me and the audience. Later, I began to apply mild humor to my classes and daily work. Gradually, my students became more active in class discussions, and colleagues were glad to exchange work thoughts with me. I totally changed my rigid personality. I finally realize that humor is not only a way to relax oneself, but also a bridge connecting people and showing our true inner self. 40. What impression did the author leave on her colleagues at first? (2 分) 41. What made the author begin to use humor in work and life? (2 分) 42. What two functions of humor does the author talk about? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Why do you think being humorous is important for teenagers? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 4 2026 北京朝阳高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜告别拖延症，学会规划时间掌控人生 Procrastination was my biggest bad habit during my first two years of high school. I always put off homework, review tasks and daily plans till the last minute. I told myself there was plenty of spare time, but deadlines always pushed me into panic. I finished tasks carelessly under great pressure, leading to poor grades and constant self-blame. My head teacher noticed my problem and taught me a practical time management method: divide big tasks into small daily goals and finish them one by one without delay. I made a daily timetable and stuck to it every day. At the beginning, it was tough to break the old habit. But after two months of persistence, I could arrange my study and rest freely. No more last-minute rush or anxiety. I deeply feel that only by taking action right now can we master our own life instead of being controlled by laziness. 40. What bad habit troubled the author greatly in Grade 1 and Grade 2? (2 分) 41. What result did putting tasks off until the end bring to the author? (2 分) 42. How did the author get rid of procrastination successfully? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What small plans do you make to manage your time well? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 5 2026 北京丰台高三二模 细分主题：人与自我｜走出完美主义枷锁，接纳不完美的过程 I was a typical perfectionist before. Whether it was homework, art works or class presentations, I would repeatedly revise everything until it reached my strict standard. If any tiny flaw existed, I would feel upset and even give up the whole work directly. Chasing perfect results consumed most of my energy. I spent too much time polishing details and lacked time to learn new knowledge. My study progress slowed down obviously. My art teacher pointed out my problem: Growth lies in the whole trying process rather than flawless outcomes. I tried to change my mindset afterwards. I allowed small mistakes to exist and focused more on progress every day instead of absolute perfection. Slowly, I became more peaceful and efficient. I learned that imperfection is the normal state of personal growth. 40. What would the author do if there were tiny flaws in her works? (2 分) 41. Why did the author’s study progress become slow before? (2 分) 42. What change took place in the author’s attitude towards perfection? (≤20 词) (3 分) 43. Do you want to be a perfectionist? Give your reasons briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 6 2026 北京石景山高三一模 细分主题：人与自我｜懂得适时求助，真正理解独立的内涵 I used to misunderstand the meaning of independence deeply in my teenage years. I firmly believed that true independence meant solving all difficulties on my own without asking anyone for help. Whenever I met tough study problems or emotional troubles, I hid them alone and struggled silently. As a result, I often got stuck in difficulties for a long time and felt lonely and exhausted. When I prepared my first comprehensive research project last year, countless technical problems confused me. I refused to turn to teachers and partners, leading to slow progress and huge pressure. Seeing my difficulty, my tutor told me wisely: Asking for help properly is never weakness; it is a necessary ability for independent growth. I took his advice, communicated with teammates and consulted teachers actively. The project was finished smoothly soon. Now I know real independence includes knowing when to seek support from others. 40. What was the author’s wrong understanding of independence at first? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the author meet when preparing the research project? (2 分) 42. What does real independence mean in the author’s new opinion? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. When will you choose to ask others for help in your daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) 【人与社会类】 Passage 1 2026 北京顺义区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜挣脱手机依赖，珍惜线下真实社交与生活 Nowadays, nearly every teenager is tied tightly to smartphones. When visiting scenic spots, attending family gatherings or hanging out with friends, most people focus all their attention on taking photos and posting moments online, instead of feeling the scenery and communicating with people around them face to face. We are busy recording life to show others, yet we rarely truly live it. Last summer vacation, I travelled to an ancient town with my parents. At first, I kept raising my phone to shoot every building and snack, eager to share photos on social media. My father reminded me gently: “If your eyes are always fixed on the screen, you will miss all the real beauty right in front of you.” I put my phone into my bag and tried to observe everything carefully. I appreciated the ancient architectural details, chatted with local elderly residents about town stories and tasted snacks slowly. Without the disturbance of mobile phones, I gained far richer feelings from the journey. I finally realize: Life is meant to be experienced rather than just recorded. Putting down digital devices helps us reconnect with the real world and warm interpersonal relationships around us. 40. What do most teenagers usually do with phones when going sightseeing now? (2 分) 41. What did the author’s father advise her to do during the trip? (2 分) 42. What benefit can we get after putting down our smartphones? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. How do you control your screen time in daily life? Give specific ways. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 北京房山区高三二模 细分主题：人与社会｜乡村支教志愿服务，助力城乡教育均衡发展 There exists a clear gap between urban and rural education in our country. Primary schools in mountain villages lack sufficient volunteer teachers and rich after-school courses. Many rural children have few chances to learn English, painting and music systematically after class. Last winter holiday, ten students from our school took part in a one-week volunteer teaching program in a mountain primary school. We divided work properly: some taught oral English, others organized art and music lessons, and I was responsible for story-sharing activities. At the beginning, rural kids were shy and dared not speak in class. We tried our best to encourage them patiently. Gradually, they became active to raise questions and take part in group games. Before we left, children drew lots of paintings to thank us. This volunteer experience made me deeply aware that teenagers can contribute to narrowing educational gaps. Small voluntary efforts can bring hope and colorful childhood to rural children. 40. What problem do rural primary schools in mountain areas face? (2 分) 41. What courses did the volunteer students offer to rural children? (2 分) 42. What did the author learn from the volunteer teaching experience? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. Would you take part in rural volunteer teaching? Why or why not? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 北京昌平区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜城市公共图书馆建设，营造全民阅读的书香社会 To enrich citizens’ spiritual life and build a reading-oriented city, our municipal government has built many community public libraries in recent years. These small libraries are distributed in every residential area, equipped with various books covering literature, history, science and children’s readings. They open for free all day long for local residents. Before community libraries were built, most people spent spare time watching short videos or playing online games at home, rarely picking up books to read. Now citizens of all ages are frequent visitors here: the elderly read newspapers quietly, students finish homework after school, parents accompany kids to enjoy picture books on weekends. Our school also cooperates with nearby community libraries regularly. We take turns working as volunteer librarians, sorting books and guiding readers to borrow books. Reading nourishes people’s minds and purifies social atmosphere. Widely available public libraries make reading a daily habit for ordinary people and lift the whole city’s cultural taste. 40. Why did the government build lots of community public libraries? (2 分) 41. How did most local residents spend their free time before the libraries appeared? (2 分) 42. What positive influence do community libraries bring to the whole city? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What benefits does reading bring to individuals and society? Briefly talk about it. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 4 2026 北京通州区高三二模 细分主题：人与社会｜青少年新媒体出海，向海外友人传播中国民俗文化 Nowadays, short-video platforms offer convenient ways for Chinese teenagers to communicate with foreign peers online. Many young people seize this chance to introduce traditional Chinese folk customs to the world, breaking cultural barriers between different countries. I joined a school cultural exchange club last semester. Our team recorded short English videos introducing daily folk customs: Spring Festival celebrations, Dragon Boat Festival traditions, Chinese traditional snacks and folk festival rituals. We posted these videos on international video platforms regularly. At first, few foreign viewers paid attention to our works. We adjusted our shooting style, added vivid stories behind customs, and patiently replied to foreign netizens’ questions one by one. Gradually, thousands of overseas teenagers followed our account and showed great interest in Chinese culture. I deeply feel that teenagers are excellent cultural ambassadors. Through new media, we can tell warm Chinese stories well and promote mutual understanding between different cultures. 40. What convenient channel helps teenagers communicate with foreign peers nowadays? (2 分) 41. What Chinese contents did the author’s team show in their short videos? (2 分) 42. What role do teenagers play in spreading Chinese culture online? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What Chinese traditional culture would you like to introduce to foreigners? Why? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 5 2026 北京大兴区高三一模 细分主题：人与社会｜恪守公共场所礼仪，共建文明和谐城市公共空间 Public etiquette is the basic symbol of a civilized city. Behaving properly in buses, subways, cinemas and waiting halls helps maintain orderly public space and respect every stranger around us. However, uncivilized behaviors still exist in daily public life: talking loudly on phones, occupying seats with personal belongings, littering casually and cutting in line. Our city launched a “Public Civility Initiative” last spring, calling on all citizens to standardize public behaviors. Our class took part in voluntary publicity work: we handed out etiquette leaflets at subway stations, reminded passengers to keep quiet and queue up politely. At the beginning, some people ignored our reminders. But as more volunteers joined in, most citizens gradually corrected bad habits. Public places became quieter, tidier and more orderly. Good public manners rely on every citizen’s self-discipline. Small polite behaviors together build a warm, civilized urban society for everyone. 40. What will good public etiquette bring to urban public spaces? (2 分) 41. What uncivilized acts can still be seen in public places? (2 分) 42. How did the voluntary work change people’s public behaviors? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What public rules do you always stick to in daily life? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) 【人与自然类】 Passage 1 2026 北京延庆区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜营建城市宜居环境，守护迁徙候鸟生物多样性 Beijing lies on a vital migration channel for wild birds across East Asia. Ten years ago, many migratory birds hesitated to stop over in the city. Tall skyscrapers with transparent glass walls often caused birds to crash into windows; scarce wild plants and scattered green spaces could not supply enough food and safe resting places for passing birds. To change the situation, the municipal government carried out a series of ecological improvements. They redesigned glass buildings with anti-collision grids, expanded urban green belts, planted native fruit shrubs and built dozens of small ecological wetlands around reservoirs. Meanwhile, environmental volunteers regularly put out bird food and reminded citizens not to disturb wild birds. Our biology club joined bird-watching and monitoring activities every spring vacation. We recorded bird species, counted their numbers and wrote observation reports for the forestry department. Gradually, more than 530 kinds of wild birds have been recorded in Beijing at present. Birds are the clearest barometer of ecological quality. The growing number of migratory birds proves that harmonious coexistence between cities and wildlife can be achieved through lasting ecological protection. 40. What two main troubles prevented migratory birds from staying in Beijing years ago? (2 分) 41. What work did environmental volunteers do to protect wild birds? (2 分) 42. What result has the city’s bird protection project achieved? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. What can ordinary teenagers do to protect wild birds in daily life? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 2 2026 北京怀柔区高三二模 细分主题：人与自然｜校园生态菜园劳作，体悟土地价值与可持续农耕 Most urban teenagers nowadays barely have chances to get close to soil and growing plants. We buy all vegetables from supermarkets directly, unaware of how crops grow and the hardships behind food production. To bridge the gap between students and nature, our school opened an ecological vegetable garden last spring. We divided the garden into small plots for each class. Every Wednesday afternoon, we went to tend our own land: loosening soil, sowing seeds, watering young seedlings and removing weeds carefully. We refused chemical pesticides and fertilizers, only using fallen leaves and vegetable leftovers to make natural compost. At first, many crops suffered from insect pests and grew slowly. We looked up agricultural knowledge online and asked professional gardeners for advice patiently. After three months’ careful care, we harvested tomatoes, cucumbers and green vegetables successfully. Tending the garden taught me valuable lessons. Food is hard-earned, and working with soil lets us feel the magic of nature and learn to cherish natural resources. 40. Why did the school build an ecological vegetable garden for students? (2 分) 41. What did students use to feed crops instead of chemical fertilizers? (2 分) 42. What two lessons did the author learn from planting vegetables? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. How does getting close to nature change your daily ideas? Give examples. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 3 2026 北京平谷区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜守护红树林 “海上森林”，保护海岸海洋生态系统 Mangroves, known as "forests on the sea", are vital coastal ecosystems. Their tangled roots purify seawater, block storm waves, and offer safe homes for fish, crabs and coastal water birds. Yet decades ago, large areas of mangroves along our coastline were cut down to build seafood farms and docks. Seawater became dirty, coastal wildlife decreased sharply, and coastal areas suffered more storm disasters. The local government launched a mangrove restoration project 15 years ago. Workers planted native mangrove saplings along the shore, banned illegal coastal reclamation and set up protected zones. Teenager volunteers also took part: we cleaned coastal marine garbage regularly and introduced mangrove ecological knowledge to tourists. Year after year, thick mangrove forests have come back. Clear seawater, various fish and flocks of herons reappear along the coast. Mangroves perfectly connect land and ocean, maintaining the balance of coastal marine ecology. I realize that protecting coastal plants is equal to protecting the whole ocean and ourselves. 40. What harm did cutting down mangroves bring to coastal areas in the past? (2 分) 41. What volunteer work did teenagers do for mangrove protection? (2 分) 42. What positive changes have taken place along the coastline now? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Why is it important to protect marine ecosystems in your opinion? (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 4 2026 北京门头沟区高三二模 细分主题：人与自然｜普及太阳能清洁能源，降低碳排放缓解气候变暖 Excessive burning of coal, oil and natural gas releases massive carbon dioxide, leading to global warming continuously. Glaciers melt, extreme weather occurs frequently, and many natural habitats are destroyed worldwide. To cut carbon emissions, our city has been popularizing solar energy in recent years. Solar panels have been installed on the rooftops of schools, communities and public buildings. Sunlight is turned into clean electric energy for daily lighting, water heating and equipment operation. Unlike fossil fuels, solar power produces no waste gas or pollution and never runs out. Our school put solar panels on the teaching building roof last semester. We held environmental lessons to learn how solar energy works and made posters calling on families to use more clean energy. Gradually, more residents chose solar-powered home devices. Clean renewable energy is the key to slowing global warming. Replacing fossil fuels helps humans live sustainably with the whole planet. 40. What is the main cause of global warming according to the text? (2 分) 41. Where are solar energy panels widely set up in the city? (2 分) 42. What advantage does solar energy have over traditional fossil fuels? (≤20 words) (3 分) 43. What low-carbon energy habits will you keep at home? Explain briefly. (about 40 words) (5 分) Passage 5 2026 北京密云区高三一模 细分主题：人与自然｜防范外来入侵物种，守护本土动植物生态平衡 Alien invasive species are a hidden threat to local natural ecosystems. When plants or animals from other regions are brought in casually, they have no natural enemies locally. They will occupy living resources, crowd out native species and break the original ecological balance step by step. Several years ago, a kind of fast-growing water plant was thrown into our local reservoir accidentally. It spread rapidly across the water surface, blocking sunlight underwater. Native water grass died off, fish lost food sources, and the whole reservoir ecosystem was severely damaged. Local ecological staff spent nearly two years clearing the invasive plants completely. Afterwards, our school launched a popular science campaign: we learned to identify common invasive species and reminded people not to release foreign creatures into rivers, lakes and wild areas. Each native creature is an important part of nature. Refusing random introduction of alien species is our duty to protect local natural home. 40. Why can alien invasive species damage local ecosystems easily? (2 分) 41. What trouble did the invasive water plant bring to the reservoir? (2 分) 42. What did students do to prevent alien species invasion? (no more than 20 words) (3 分) 43. Have you ever learned about invasive species? How will you behave? (about 40 words) (5 分) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司4 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $