高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版02）

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版02） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．A famous woman. B．An interesting film. C．A training school 【答案】A 【原文】W: Have you ever heard about Marie Curie? M: Yes, she was a great scientist and won the Nobel Prize twice. 2．（本题1.5分）What will the speakers discuss? A．A new plan. B．Air pollution. C．Water pollution. 【答案】B 【原文】W: I know you want to talk about air pollution but I’d like to tell you about my new plan to save our river. M: Let’s keep to the point. We can talk about that later. OK? W: All right. 3．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Have you ever been to a cotton farm like this before? My uncle switched over to it because he could make more money there. He used to grow corn and beans. M: I’ve never actually been to a farm, so I have no idea how farmers make a living! 4．（本题1.5分）What will the man do first? A．Finish the paper. B．See his parents. C．See the professor. 【答案】C 【原文】W: You’re not finished with your paper yet? What are you going to do? M: I’ll go to see the professor and ask if I can get permission to hand it in later. That’s the only thing I can do right now. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I just bought some strawberries from the supermarket. The salesperson said they were fresh from the farm. M: I’ll go to the kitchen and wash them. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)Why does the woman want to open a checking account? A．To save more money. B．To get a debit card. C．To earn interest. 7．(1.5分)When will the new bank card be probably mailed? A．This Wednesday. B．This Friday. C．This Saturday. 【答案】6．B 7．A 【原文】W: Good morning, I’d like to open a bank account. M: OK. What kind of account would you like to open? W: Could you please introduce the different types of accounts to me? M: Sure. We have checking accounts and saving accounts. Checking accounts are for everyday transactions, such as purchases, bill payments. Saving accounts are for saving money and earning interest over time. W: Actually I’d like to apply for a debit card (借记卡). Does that mean I need to open a checking account? M: Yes, you’re right. And there is a minimum deposit of 25 dollars. W: I know. Here you are. M: OK. Just fill in the form and I’ll give you a temporary card. Today is Monday. New bank card will be mailed within three days. W: Thank you. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U.S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 12．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 13．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．B 【原文】M: Lucy, we have to write about one of “History’s Greatest Inventors”. W: Yes, I’m excited about this homework for social studies. So, who do we focus on? M: Mr. White said we should write about their lives as well as their scientific achievements. W: What about Benjamin Franklin? His personal life is quite interesting. M: We studied him for the end-of-term exam last year, remember? I’m afraid we can’t tell the class anything new. W: Thomas Edison? M: I heard Fiona and George would choose him for their presentation. W: What about Edison’s big competitor, Nikola Tesla? M: Oh, that’s a good idea. I read a book about him a couple of years ago. He’s the guy Elon Musk’s car company is named after. W: Wow! I can’t wait to know more about him. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. 【答案】14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 【原文】W: You said a strange thing on our walk today. You said you love to see things rotting. I’m curious to know why you said that. M: It’s nothing to get excited about, but I’m happy to explain. Nature is so clever in the way it makes some things rot away to nothing and then creates new life from what is left over. W: But why did you mention it on our walk? We were in the forest at the time. M: I saw some mushrooms growing on a fallen branch. They help recycle the dead wood, so that more trees and flowers can grow. It’s a beautiful system. W: Yes, nature is an expert recycler—and mushrooms can be as beautiful as flowers. Those little yellow ones were unusual—and do you remember the large orange ones? Best of all were the red ones. M: I could look at things like that all day. The subject really interests me. We’ll have to walk there again next Friday. W: Thursday would be better for me. M: I can’t make it then. I have booked an appointment at the dentist. What about Saturday? W: It’s a date. We’ll explore the magic of mushrooms. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What might the speaker be? A．A scientist. B．A student. C．An actor. 19．(1.5分)Why is the speaker giving this speech? A．To celebrate a holiday. B．To explore a scientific project. C．To discuss her family members. 20．(1.5分)What does the speaker value most about Marie Curie? A．Her achievements. B．Her service to others. C．Her judgment and attitude. 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C 【原文】 W: When I share my role model, people are often surprised. Beyond my academic learning, I developed interest in fine arts and drama, aspiring to a career in acting and theater. Yet, the person who inspires me most is the famous scientist Marie Curie. As I prepare to celebrate Women’s Day with a speech, Curie’s achievements give me confidence. We’ve discussed her in class, but her story bears repeating. Curie, a pioneer woman, won two Nobel Prizes for her groundbreaking work in the early 1900s. She believed in her capacity to revolutionize science. Her solid determination drove her to labor in labs, uncovering new elements and laying the groundwork for nuclear physics and cancer therapies. Curie’s judgment and attitude are what I admire most. She showed us that to make a difference in the world, we must first become our best selves. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Books about Super Scientists If you are interested in the lives of great scientists, you’ll find these top minds to be as inspiring as they are exciting in the following books.Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story Rosalind Franklin was the scientist whose contribution to a significant discovery in DNA — the chemical that tells your body how to grow and develop — was not recognised until after her death. This book shines a light on the extraordinary story of her life and achievements, using timelines, illustrations and fascinating facts.100 Scientists Who Made History Bringing together mini-biographies of 100 scientists and innovators, this book will give you an overview of the history of science. Including astronauts, biologists, chemists, coders, doctors and physicists, it features fun facts about everyone from Hippocrates and Leonardo da Vinci through to Marie Curie and Stephen Hawking.40 Inspiring Icons: Super Scientists Each part of this colourful illustrated book introduces you to a different “super scientist” and his discoveries. This is a fun and easy way to learn about all sorts of ideas, including Louis Pasteur’s vaccinations and Ada Lovelace’s invention of mysterious codes.The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing World War II code-breaker Alan Turing features on the Bank of England’s new £50 note as a computer pioneer. This biography follows him from his childhood as a quiet boy who loved maths to becoming one of the most important scientists in history. 21．(2.5分)When was Franklin’s key contribution fully recognized? A．During her lifetime. B．After she passed away. C．In her early career. D．When DNA was first found. 22．(2.5分)Which book introduces the life of a computer scientist? A．Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story. B．100 Scientists Who Made History. C．40 Inspiring Icons: Super Scientists. D．The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing. 23．(2.5分)Where is this passage probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A fiction. C．A science magazine. D．A research report. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了四本关于超级科学家的书籍，分别介绍了各书聚焦的科学家及其核心内容。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据文章Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story部分中的“Rosalind Franklin was the scientist whose contribution to a significant discovery in DNA — the chemical that tells your body how to grow and develop — was not recognised until after her death.(Rosalind Franklin是一位科学家，她对DNA——一种告知身体如何生长发育的化学物质——重大发现的贡献，直到她去世后才得到认可。)”可知，Franklin对DNA重大发现的核心贡献直到她去世后才得到认可。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据文章The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing部分中的“World War II code-breaker Alan Turing features on the Bank of England’s new £50 note as a computer pioneer.(二战时期的密码破译专家Alan Turing，作为计算机先驱登上了英国央行新发行的50英镑纸币。)”可知，Alan Turing是计算机先驱，其传记《Alan Turing的非凡人生》专门介绍了这位计算机科学家的生平。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you are interested in the lives of great scientists, you’ll find these top minds to be as inspiring as they are exciting in the following books.(如果你对伟大科学家的生平感兴趣，以下这些书籍将带你认识这些顶尖人物——他们既令人振奋，又极具启发意义。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四本关于超级科学家的书籍（涉及DNA研究、科学史、各类科学发现、计算机先驱生平），受众为对科学家生平及科学领域感兴趣的读者。选项C“A science magazine (科学杂志)”常包含科学人物介绍、相关书籍推荐等适配大众的科普类内容，与文章主题和形式高度契合。故选C。 （本题10分）Today rocket launches and space missions are common. But in the early 1900s, space travel seemed like a dream. One of the most influential people in the field of rocket science was American Robert Goddard (1882-1945). The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion (推进)”. Goddard once said that “the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow”. His scientific work gave hope to many dreams about space travel. He turned some of those dreams into reality. Over one hundred years ago, Goddard carried out studies and tests of rocket engines. He developed and flew many rockets that got their power from solid fuels: chemicals that formed a hard substance. In 1925, he made and tested the first rocket engine using a soft chemical fuel. The next year, he successfully launched the world’s first liquid-fuel rocket. Many historians consider liquid-fuel rocket flight to be as important as the first airplane flight by the American brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright. Goddard’s work proved that machines could travel outside of Earth’s atmosphere and into space. During his early research, he received money and support from the US Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian published several reports about his efforts. One publication in 1919, called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, wrote about his search for ways to send weather recording instruments higher than balloons could fly. It described how he developed the mathematical theories for rocket flight. In that report, Goddard also suggested the possibility of a rocket someday reaching the moon. At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible. Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development. So, in a way, every rocket that flies today could be considered a Goddard rocket. 24．(2.5分)What makes NASA highly praise Goddard? A．His various dreams and efforts. B．His first airplane experiment. C．His rocket experiments and research. D．His rocket power theory and predictions. 25．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “dispute” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Challenge. B．Breakthrough. C．Disagreement. D．Inspiration. 26．(2.5分)Which can best describe Robert Goddard? A．Intellectual and creative. B．Adventurous but self-centered. C．Cooperative but inefficient. D．Romantic and humorous. 27．(2.5分)What can we know about Goddard from the text? A．Many of his theories are still useful in developing rockets. B．He made the first rocket engine in 1919. C．His first book about his study was published in 1926. D．He launched the world's first liquid-fuel rocket in 1925. 【答案】24．C 25．C 26．A 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robert Goddard在火箭科学领域的贡献与影响。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion(推进)”.(美国国家航空航天局称他为“现代火箭推进之父”)”以及第三段和第四段中关于Goddard的火箭实验和研究的描述可知，NASA高度赞扬Goddard是因为他的火箭实验和研究。故选C。 25．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible.(当时，媒体对这一说法存在很大的dispute。许多人认为他提出这样一件看似不可能的事情是愚蠢的)”可知，许多人认为Goddard提出的理论是不可能实现的，所以应该存在很多的争议，由此可推测，dispute意为“争议，分歧”，与Disagreement意思相近。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据文章中对Goddard的描述，他进行了多项火箭实验和研究，提出了许多关于火箭飞行的数学理论，并成功发射了世界上第一枚液体燃料火箭，他的许多想法至今仍在火箭开发中使用。由此可推断，Goddard是一个聪明且有创造力的人。故选A。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development.(Goddard的许多想法至今仍被应用于火箭研发中)”可知，Goddard的许多理论在开发火箭中仍然有用。故选A。 （本题10分）Achieving a sustainable balance between environmental protection and rural development is a pressing and complex global challenge. In China’s scenic Erhai Lake basin, this dilemma was severe for years. Intensive agricultural practices, while supporting local livelihoods, led to fertilizer runoff that threatened the lake’s water quality and biodiversity. The urgent need was to find a pathway that could reconcile economic needs with ecological integrity. To address this, an innovative “Science and Technology Backyard” (STB) project was launched in Gusheng Village. Unlike top-down solutions, the STB model is a hands-on and comprehensive framework. It brings together agricultural experts, ecologists, and sociologists to live in the village, working side-by-side with farmers to analyze problems and co-create practical, green solutions. The core methodology is grounded in collaboration and knowledge transfer. Scientists do not simply issue instructions; they engage in dialogue, understanding farmers’ difficulties and expectations. For instance, by jointly promoting precise fertilization techniques, constructing artificial wetlands to naturally purify runoff, and advising on eco-friendly crop selection, the STB provides a framework that allows farmers to increase their income while significantly reducing pollution and protecting the lake’s biodiversity. The outcomes demonstrate the model’s effectiveness and strength. Farmers who adopt these practices report higher and more stable incomes due to higher-priced markets for greener produce. One villager noted, “My costs are lower, and my rice sells for more.” Meanwhile, monitoring data shows a clear trend of improving water quality in Erhai Lake, benefiting tourism and securing clean water for downstream communities. In conclusion, the Erhai STB offers a practical blueprint for rural revitalization in ecologically sensitive areas. It moves beyond the false choice between economy and environment, proving that with respectful collaboration, scientific methodology, and enablement of local communities, villages can transition toward a future where prosperity and planetary health are mutually reinforcing goals. This model holds significant meaning for similar regions worldwide. 28．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “reconcile” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Balance. B．Replace. C．Ignore. D．Transfer. 29．(2.5分)What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．It explains farmers’ trouble in accepting new methods. B．It describes how farmers learn to apply modern technology. C．It explains how artificial wetlands purify the lake water fully. D．It introduces key means and practices of the creative project. 30．(2.5分)What is the main purpose of quoting the villager’s words? A．To show their gratitude to the project. B．To argue farmers should grow green rice. C．To show the practical benefits of the project. D．To stress the importance of better water quality. 31．(2.5分)What can be inferred about the STB model? A．It is effective but costly. B．It can achieve a win-win result. C．It has gained global recognition. D．It focuses more on eco-development. 【答案】28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述洱海流域为平衡环保与乡村发展推出科技小院项目，经专家与农民协作实践绿色方案，实现农民增收、湖水质改善，为同类区域提供借鉴。 【详解】28．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Achieving a sustainable balance between environmental protection and rural development is a pressing and complex global challenge. In China’s scenic Erhai Lake basin, this dilemma was severe for years. Intensive agricultural practices, while supporting local livelihoods, led to fertilizer runoff that threatened the lake’s water quality and biodiversity. The urgent need was to find a pathway that could reconcile economic needs with ecological integrity.(实现环境保护与乡村发展的可持续平衡，是一项紧迫且复杂的全球性挑战。在中国风景秀美的洱海水域，这一难题多年来一直十分突出。集约型农业生产虽保障了当地民众的生计，却产生了化肥径流，危及湖泊的水质与生物多样性。当下的迫切需求，是找到一条能reconcile经济发展需求与生态完整性的路径。)”可知，前文提出要实现环保与发展的平衡，此处承接该话题，可推断reconcile意为“平衡；调和”。故选A项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The core methodology is grounded in collaboration and knowledge transfer. Scientists do not simply issue instructions; they engage in dialogue, understanding farmers’ difficulties and expectations. For instance, by jointly promoting precise fertilization techniques, constructing artificial wetlands to naturally purify runoff, and advising on eco-friendly crop selection, the STB provides a framework that allows farmers to increase their income while significantly reducing pollution and protecting the lake’s biodiversity.(这一核心方法以协作与知识转化为根本原则。科研人员并非简单下达指令，而是开展对话交流，了解农户的实际困难与诉求。例如，通过联合推广精准施肥技术、建设人工湿地对径流进行自然净化，以及为农户挑选生态友好型作物提供指导，洱海科技小院搭建起一套实施框架，让农户得以在增收的同时，大幅减少污染、保护湖泊的生物多样性。)”可知，本段主要介绍了科技小院项目的核心方法和具体实践举措。故选D项。 30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Farmers who adopt these practices report higher and more stable incomes due to higher-priced markets for greener produce. One villager noted, “My costs are lower, and my rice sells for more.”(采用这些做法的农民因绿色农产品售价更高，收入更高且更稳定。一位村民说：“我的成本降低了，大米卖得更贵了。”)”可知，引用村民的话是为了具体证明该项目给农民带来的实际收益。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It moves beyond the false choice between economy and environment, proving that with respectful collaboration, scientific methodology, and enablement of local communities, villages can transition toward a future where prosperity and planetary health are mutually reinforcing goals.(这一模式打破了经济与环境二者择一的错误抉择，证明只要秉持互相尊重的协作模式、运用科学方法、赋能当地社区，乡村就能迈向繁荣发展与地球生态健康相辅相成的未来。)”并结合前文农民增收、洱海水质改善的内容可推断，科技小院模式实现了经济发展与生态保护的双赢。故选B项。 （本题10分）Farming relies more on weather than most businesses. Harvest mostly depends on regular sunshine and rainfall. But climate change is breaking the earth’s long-predictable weather patterns. A warmer world makes problems like drought, flooding and pests worse. To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter. In indoor spaces, conditions like temperature and moisture (湿度) can be controlled accurately with technology. Growing crops indoors isn’t new, but climate change may push more farming indoors. So the industry has tried to expand this method over the past 20 years. However, expanding is hard. Innerfarm, a startup founded in 2013, became one of Europe’s biggest vertical-farming (垂直种植) companies, with about 1,400 farms and partnerships with major sellers. At the peak of its expansion, the company’s CEO spoke of a “big change in agriculture.” But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model. High energy use makes vertical farms debatable. Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness. Luckily, renewable energy and new tech may solve this, like smart LED lights that only produce the wavelengths plants need, saving electricity. Vertical farms have other advantages. They save space, so they’re great for cities. They can be in warehouses, balconies or even kitchen cupboards. In controlled environments, perfect vegetables can grow all year round. Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050. Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s. 32．(2.5分)Why did the author refer to Innerfarm? A．To show the difficulties in indoor farming. B．To illustrate a successful energy-saving case. C．To stress the bright future of indoor farming. D．To introduce a leading vertical-farming company. 33．(2.5分)What is the major disadvantage of vertical farms according to Jennifer? A．Consuming amounts of water. B．Relying on advanced technology. C．Using plenty of energy. D．Depending on weather patterns. 34．(2.5分)What does the UN’s data in Paragraph 5 imply? A．Soil-friendly crops are needed. B．Vertical farming has more potential. C．Soil improvement is key to farming. D．Area of indoor farming will decrease. 35．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Indoor Agriculture: A Double-Edged Sword B．Energy: A Deciding Factor for Vertical Farms C．Soils Farming: Growing Food Beyond Weather D．Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在气候变化背景下，垂直农业作为一种应对传统农业困境的创新方式，探讨了它的优势、面临的挑战以及未来发展前景。 【详解】32．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, expanding is hard.(然而，扩张很困难。)”以及“But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model.(但当能源价格急剧上涨时，Innerfarm被迫退出欧洲市场，并在加拿大重新起步，采用了规模大幅缩小的商业模式。)”可知，作者举Innerfarm的例子是为了说明室内农业在扩张过程中面临的困难。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness.(来自美国节能组织的Jennifer Amman表示，这些农场使用类似的技术来让植物处于适宜环境，就像给人类提供舒适环境一样。它们能节约大量水资源，但能源消耗是其最大的短板。)”可知，Jennifer认为垂直农场的主要缺点是能源消耗量大。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第五段“Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050.(几乎所有水都能循环利用，因为没有害虫所以无需农药，而且它们不需要土壤。这一点很实用，因为联合国表示，目前全球约三分之一的土壤已经退化，到2050年这一比例可能超过90%。)”可知，联合国的数据说明了土壤退化的严峻现状，而垂直农场无需土壤的特点恰好能应对这一问题，暗示了垂直农业具有更大的发展潜力。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter.(为应对这种情况，农业需要做出调整。其中一个办法就是室内农业，在那里天气不再是问题。)  以及第六段“Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s.(如今的农业面临三大挑战：人口增长带来的需求增加、气候变化导致的产量不稳定，以及劳动力老龄化。因此，像城市垂直农业这样的解决方案是必要的。未来的农场很可能与今天的大不相同。)”可知，文章开篇点明气候变化迫使农业转型，引出垂直农业这一解决方案；随后分析了垂直农业的优缺点，并结合全球农业面临的三大挑战，指出未来农业的形态将发生改变。 D选项“Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World(垂直农业：变化世界中的农业未来)”既呼应了“气候变化推动农业转型”的背景，也点明了垂直农业作为未来农业发展方向的核心，最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 （本题12.5分）Humans may have begun taming(驯养) animals and growing small crops as early as 10,000 years ago. However, many early people were nomads who moved from place to place. 36(2.5分) They hunted, fished, and gathered nuts, berries, and roots. Life was hard and uncertain. Over time, people began to keep animals in herds. 37(2.5分) They built homes and started farming the land around them. Growing crops provided a more reliable food supply than hunting and gathering. As a result, small settlements grew into villages, towns, and eventually cities. Farmers also discovered that planting certain crops together was helpful. Native Americans, for example, planted beans, corn, and squash together. 38(2.5分) People also realized that rotating crops — changing what is grown on the same land each year — helps keep the soil healthy. Sometimes, farmers leave fields empty for a while to give the land a rest. The Industrial Revolution, about 200 years ago, brought major changes to farming. Before this, people used hand tools and animals to farm. 39(2.5分) Because fewer workers were needed on farms, many people moved to cities to find jobs. 40(2.5分) In the mid-1900s, scientists developed new types of wheat and rice that produced much more food. This was called the Green Revolution. Today, much of our food is grown on large farms, often owned by big companies. These farms use irrigation and chemicals to increase production. However, since the early 2000s, organic farming has become more popular. A．Modern farming continues to change. B．New machines made farming easier and faster. C．They found their food in the wild as they traveled. D．This led them to stay in one place for longer periods. E．However, early farming methods often destroyed the soil very quickly. F．Farmers often shared tools and seeds with their neighbors in early villages. G．This method brought them better results than growing each crop separately. 【答案】36．C 37．D 38．G 39．B 40．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了人类农业从早期游牧采摘、定居驯养耕种，到合理轮作养护土地，再到工业革命机械化发展、绿色革命增产以及现代有机农业兴起的完整发展历程。 【详解】36．根据前文“However, many early people were nomads who moved from place to place.(然而，许多早期人类是四处迁徙的游牧民族。)” 以及后文“They hunted, fished, and gathered nuts, berries, and roots.(他们狩猎、捕鱼，采集坚果、浆果和根茎。)” 可知，空前提到早期人类是不断迁徙的游牧者，空后一句说明他们通过狩猎、捕鱼和采集获取食物。因此空格处需要承接游牧生活的觅食方式；选项C“They found their food in the wild as they traveled.(他们在迁徙途中从野外获取食物。)”贴合上下文语境，衔接自然。 37．根据前文“Over time, people began to keep animals in herds.(久而久之，人们开始成群饲养牲畜。)” 以及后文 “They built homes and started farming the land around them.(他们建造房屋，开始耕种周边的土地。)”可知，饲养牲畜让人们不再频繁迁徙，进而选择定居；选项D“This led them to stay in one place for longer periods.(这使得他们能够长时间停留在同一个地方。)” 符合前后因果逻辑。 38．根据前文“Native Americans, for example, planted beans, corn, and squash together.(例如，美洲原住民会将豆类、玉米和南瓜混合种植。)”可知，前文提到美洲原住民把豆类、玉米和南瓜一起种植，选项G“This method brought them better results than growing each crop separately.(这种种植方式比单独种植每种作物的效果更好。)”承接前文例子，说明混合种植这种做法的效果或好处，逻辑通顺。 39．根据前文“Before this, people used hand tools and animals to farm.(在此之前，人们依靠手工工具和牲畜耕种。)”以及后文“Because fewer workers were needed on farms, many people moved to cities to find jobs.(农场不再需要大量劳动力，许多人前往城市谋生。)”可知，前一句说明以前使用手工工具和动物耕作，空后说明对劳动力的需求减少；故空处应说明工业革命带来的变革，导致对劳动力需求减少的原因，选项B“New machines made farming easier and faster.(新式机器让农耕变得更加简便高效。)”对应工业革命带来的农业变化。 40．根据后文“In the mid-1900s, scientists developed new types of wheat and rice that produced much more food.(20 世纪中期，科学家培育出高产的新型小麦和水稻。)”以及“These farms use irrigation and chemicals to increase production. However, since the early 2000s, organic farming has become more popular.(这类农场利用灌溉技术与化学药剂来提高产量。然而，自21世纪初以来，有机农业变得愈发普及。)”可知，本段讲述现代农业的不断发展变化；选项A“Modern farming continues to change.(现代农业仍在不断发展变革。)”作为段首总起句，统领全段内容。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 【答案】 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．D 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家Jess Wade为一些被忽视的科学人士撰写维基百科页面的故事。 【详解】41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. achievements成就；B. potentials潜能；C. ambitions野心，抱负；D. demands要求。根据前文“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”及“have been remarkable”可知，科学家、工程师和数学家改变了世界，取得了非凡的成就。故选A项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. naturally通常；B. regularly有规律地；C. permanently永久地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“great scientific pioneers who may be ignored”及前文“But”可知，尽管这些人取得了非凡的成就，但是很少有人关注他们的故事。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. read读；B. choose选择；C. share分享；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据下文“writing Wikipedia pages”可知，Jess想要写维基百科来分享这些被忽视的科学先驱的故事。故选C项。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. thought little of看不起，轻视；B. passed down传递；C. came up with想出；D. left out省略。根据“she___4___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.”可知，Jess想出了一个独特的让大家了解他们的方法。故选C项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. goal目标；B. progress进步；C. responsibility责任；D. number数字。根据“is small in comparison to that of men”并结合常识可知，女性在科学领域的数量少于男性。故选D项。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. concepts概念；B. models模范，榜样；C. rules规则；D. followers追随者。根据后文“Wade___7___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb”可知，Kim Cobb是Jess的榜样，是她视作模范的一个女科学家。故选B项。 47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当韦德还是研究生的时候，她遇到了一位鼓舞人心的科学女性，布朗大学的气候科学家金·科布。A. referred to参考，表明；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across遇见；D. took in吸收。根据下文“when I met her”可知，Jess研究生时遇到了Kim Cobb。故选C项。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我见到她的时候，我觉得她是一个了不起的人，我需要更多地了解她。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“I need to learn more about her”及“When I did a little search”可知，作者遇到Kim Cobb时，觉得她了不起，所以对她进行了一点调查研究。故选D项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做了一些搜索，我找不到任何关于她的信息。A. remember记得；B. identify识别；C. offer提供；D. find找到。根据下文“What I___10___was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”及“I couldn’t___9___any information about her.”可知，作者找不到Kim Cobb的信息。故选D项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有。A. wanted想要；B. accepted接受；C. recommended推荐；D. acknowledged认可。根据下文“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，作者想要找到关于Kim Cobb的信息，但是没有找到，所以才想到自己为她写信息。故选A项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是韦德产生这个想法的原因——开始为尚未拥有维基百科的不同科学人士编写维基百科页面。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. belief信念；D. order命令，秩序。根据“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，在维基百科上为不同的科学人士写页面这是Jess的想法。故选B项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的空闲时间，韦德搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A. collect收集；B. post发布，邮寄；C. manage管理，设法；D. correct更正。根据“searches the Internet”可知，搜索信息是为了收集信息。故选A项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德现在在科学界有了自己的名声，她知道如果没有那些前辈，她就不会有今天。A. suggestion建议；B. will意志，心愿；C. name名声；D. request要求。根据“she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.”可知，先锋的启发和激励让Jess自己也成为了获得名声的科学人士。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. play扮演；B. make制作，成为；C. select挑选；D. decide决定。根据“have a role to”可知，play a role为固定短语，意思为：扮演一个角色。故选A项。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. safer更安全的；B. fairer更公平的；C. quieter更安静的；D. wider更宽的。根据“a more diverse”可知，空处形容词与diverse并列，结合上文讲述的有些科学人士做出贡献却没有名字信息可知，作者认为我们有责任让科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。故选B项。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 【答案】 56．in 57．a 58．surrounding 59．Surprised 60．treating 61．effective 62．who/that 63．has saved 64．truth 65．to notice 【导语】文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现过程，指出这一伟大发现虽看似偶然，实则源于亚历山大·弗莱明的智慧、经验和不懈努力，印证了“机遇偏爱有准备的头脑”这一道理。 【详解】56．考查介词。句意：青霉素被广泛认为是历史上最重要的医学发现之一。in history为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”。 57．考查冠词。句意：弗莱明，一位来自苏格兰的科学家，度假后回到实验室，发现培养皿上有一些霉菌。scientist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，scientist发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。were dead为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，bacteria和surround之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式surrounding。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：对此感到惊讶，弗莱明做了一些测试。performed为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Fleming和surprise之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，且位于句首首字母大写。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到这可能对治疗伤口非常有用。介词for后需接动名词treating“治疗”作宾语。 61．考查形容词。句意：十多年来，弗莱明一直在研究青霉素并试图将其制成有效的药物。空处修饰名词medicine，需用形容词effective作定语。 62．考查定语从句。句意：最终，他的工作引起了一些其他能够做到这一点的科学家的注意。空处引导定语从句，先行词为scientists，指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。 63．考查时态。句意：自20世纪40年代开始大规模生产以来，青霉素已经拯救了数百万人的生命。根据时间状语Since its mass production began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语penicillin不可数，助动词用has。 64．考查名词。句意：人们可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的，但事实上远非如此。定冠词the后需接名词truth作介词from的宾语。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够聪明和有经验去注意到它的潜力。此处为“adj.+enough+to do”结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，需用动词不定式。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信说他最近读了一些科学家的传记，认为科学家有很多优秀品质非常值得年轻人学习,并询问你对此观点的看法。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.赞同他的观点； 2.你从科学家身上学到的一种品质； 3.你践行这一品质的一个事例。注意：1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考答案 Dear Jim,      Glad to receive your letter. I totally agree that scientists have qualities that are worth learning. Among them, perseverance is what I admire most.      I’ve tried to apply it to my own life. Last month, I spent weeks solving a complex math problem that seemed impossible. There were moments when I wanted to quit, but I reminded myself of the scientists’ stories. It was this very perseverance that finally led me to find the correct answer, which brought me enormous satisfaction. I truly believe such qualities can shape our character. I’m curious about which quality encourages you most.       Looking forward to hearing your story.   Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生回复英国笔友Jim的来信，表达对科学家品质的看法，分享自己学到的一种品质及践行该品质的具体事例。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 拥有：have → possess 毅力、坚持不懈：perseverance → persistence     鼓舞：encourage → inspire 2. 句式拓展    合并句子 原句：I totally agree that scientists have qualities that are worth learning. Among them, perseverance is what I admire most.     拓展句：I totally agree that scientists have qualities that are worth learning, among which perseverance is what I admire most. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last month, I spent weeks solving a complex math problem that seemed impossible.(运用了that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】It was this very perseverance that finally led me to find the correct answer, which brought me enormous satisfaction.(运用了“It was... that...”强调句型和which引导的非限制定语从句) 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A young person who was academically excellent applied for a manager’s post in an international company. He passed the written exam with ease, and in the group interview that followed, he impressed the interviewers with willy remarks, passion for work, and creative plans for the company’s future. After that, this young man had to face the final interview by the company’s director. The young man walked into the manager’s office, feeling he could conquer the whole world with just one hand. The director shook hands with the young man and noticed the excitement and pride in his eyes. He looked into the young man’s resume(简历)and saw that the young person did exceptionally well throughout his study life. With a satisfied smile, the director started questioning him. “Did you ever obtain any scholarship in your school or college?” ”No,“ replied the young man. ”Then who paid for your education?“ “My father passed away when I was three. It was my mother who paid for my tuition fees. She’s a farmer and works all day in the fields,”said the young man. The director nodded and asked the young man to show his hands. Though confused, the young man held out his hands hesitantly, which were smooth and soft. Then the director asked if the young man had ever helped his mother with farm work. The young man said:"No, she always wanted me to focus on my academic work. Besides, she knows her work well and could do everything much faster than I could.” Learning the reply, the director told the young man that when he returned to his home that day,he should clean his mother’s hands,and after that, he could come back and see him and report what he learned. Feeling there was a chance for him to get the job, the young man was delighted. When he returned home with a spring in his feel, he cheerfully requested his mother to let him clean her hands. Listening to this strange request, his mother felt astonished but happy. With mixed emotions, she showed her hands to him. 注意1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Now this young man started lo clean his mother’s hands gently. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following day he went to the director’s office again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version: Now this young man started to clean his mother’s hand gently. For the first time, he noticed his mother’s hands were rough with cuts and calluses. Some of the cuts were so deep that she shivered with pain when they were cleaned. It was not until that moment that the young man started to understand the sacrifice his mother had made to ensure he could get a good education. Stroking his mother’s hands with both affection and guilt, he felt a lump in his throat, tears of admiration and sorrow streaming down his face. The following day he went to the director’s office again. His face was calm, and the excitement and pride in his eyes were replaced by sincerity and gratitude. “Thank you for this valuable lesson,” said the young man with tears glittering in his eyes. Then he continued to tell the manager that he was regretful about being an insensitive son who had been obsessed with grades and career opportunities, neglecting how his mother had suffered all these years. The manager listened attentively and finally said with a smile curving his lips, “I’m glad you’ve gained the power of appreciation, which is an essential quality in a manager. You are hired. ” 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去一家公司面试，公司的经理注意到作者的经历和手部，所以要求作者回去后给自己的母亲洗手，让作者意识到母亲为了自己的学业所做出的牺牲，让作者把自己的兴奋和骄傲被真诚和感激所取代。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“现在这个年轻人开始轻轻地给妈妈擦手。”可知，第一段可描写作者注意到了母亲的双手粗糙，布满了伤口和老茧，让作者意识到母亲为自己的学业做出的牺牲。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天，他又去了经理的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写作者把昨天的发现告诉了经理，并对经理表示了感谢，让他意识到母亲的伟大，经理对他感到满意，并最终录取了作者。 2.续写线索：应聘——经理注意到作者的经历和双手——经理布置回去帮母亲洗手的任务——发现目前的手满是伤痕老茧——感到母亲的伟大——回复并感谢经理——成功被录取 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①开始：start/begin/commence ②确保：ensure/guarantee/make sure ③代替：replace/substitute/displace ④雇用：hire/employ/engage 情绪类 ①喜爱：affection/fondness/warmth ②高兴：glad/delighted/pleased 【点睛】[高分句型1]It was not until that moment that the young man started to understand the sacrifice his mother had made to ensure he could get a good education.(It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who引导的强调句型) [高分句型2]Then he continued to tell the manager that he was regretful about being an insensitive son who had been obsessed with grades and career opportunities, neglecting how his mother had suffered all these years. (that引导的宾语从句以及who引导的定语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较易版02）（原卷版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．A famous woman. B．An interesting film. C．A training school 2．（本题1.5分）What will the speakers discuss? A．A new plan. B．Air pollution. C．Water pollution. 3．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 4．（本题1.5分）What will the man do first? A．Finish the paper. B．See his parents. C．See the professor. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)Why does the woman want to open a checking account? A．To save more money. B．To get a debit card. C．To earn interest. 7．(1.5分)When will the new bank card be probably mailed? A．This Wednesday. B．This Friday. C．This Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)Which class are the speakers doing the project for? A．History. B．Science. C．Social studies. 12．(1.5分)Why does the man refuse to consider Benjamin Franklin as a good choice? A．The class have known a lot about him. B．Another group has chosen to study him. C．His personal life is not attractive enough. 13．(1.5分)Who do the speakers finally decide to write about? A．Elon Musk. B．Nikola Tesla. C．Thomas Edison. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What might the speaker be? A．A scientist. B．A student. C．An actor. 19．(1.5分)Why is the speaker giving this speech? A．To celebrate a holiday. B．To explore a scientific project. C．To discuss her family members. 20．(1.5分)What does the speaker value most about Marie Curie? A．Her achievements. B．Her service to others. C．Her judgment and attitude. 二、阅读理解 （本题7.5分）Books about Super Scientists If you are interested in the lives of great scientists, you’ll find these top minds to be as inspiring as they are exciting in the following books.Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story Rosalind Franklin was the scientist whose contribution to a significant discovery in DNA — the chemical that tells your body how to grow and develop — was not recognised until after her death. This book shines a light on the extraordinary story of her life and achievements, using timelines, illustrations and fascinating facts.100 Scientists Who Made History Bringing together mini-biographies of 100 scientists and innovators, this book will give you an overview of the history of science. Including astronauts, biologists, chemists, coders, doctors and physicists, it features fun facts about everyone from Hippocrates and Leonardo da Vinci through to Marie Curie and Stephen Hawking.40 Inspiring Icons: Super Scientists Each part of this colourful illustrated book introduces you to a different “super scientist” and his discoveries. This is a fun and easy way to learn about all sorts of ideas, including Louis Pasteur’s vaccinations and Ada Lovelace’s invention of mysterious codes.The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing World War II code-breaker Alan Turing features on the Bank of England’s new £50 note as a computer pioneer. This biography follows him from his childhood as a quiet boy who loved maths to becoming one of the most important scientists in history. 21．(2.5分)When was Franklin’s key contribution fully recognized? A．During her lifetime. B．After she passed away. C．In her early career. D．When DNA was first found. 22．(2.5分)Which book introduces the life of a computer scientist? A．Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story. B．100 Scientists Who Made History. C．40 Inspiring Icons: Super Scientists. D．The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing. 23．(2.5分)Where is this passage probably taken from? A．A diary. B．A fiction. C．A science magazine. D．A research report. （本题10分）Today rocket launches and space missions are common. But in the early 1900s, space travel seemed like a dream. One of the most influential people in the field of rocket science was American Robert Goddard (1882-1945). The American space agency NASA describes him as “the father of modern rocket propulsion (推进)”. Goddard once said that “the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow”. His scientific work gave hope to many dreams about space travel. He turned some of those dreams into reality. Over one hundred years ago, Goddard carried out studies and tests of rocket engines. He developed and flew many rockets that got their power from solid fuels: chemicals that formed a hard substance. In 1925, he made and tested the first rocket engine using a soft chemical fuel. The next year, he successfully launched the world’s first liquid-fuel rocket. Many historians consider liquid-fuel rocket flight to be as important as the first airplane flight by the American brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright. Goddard’s work proved that machines could travel outside of Earth’s atmosphere and into space. During his early research, he received money and support from the US Smithsonian Institution. The Smithsonian published several reports about his efforts. One publication in 1919, called A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, wrote about his search for ways to send weather recording instruments higher than balloons could fly. It described how he developed the mathematical theories for rocket flight. In that report, Goddard also suggested the possibility of a rocket someday reaching the moon. At the time, there was a big dispute in the press about this claim. Many people thought he was foolish for suggesting something that seemed so impossible. Many of Goddard’s ideas are still used in rocket development. So, in a way, every rocket that flies today could be considered a Goddard rocket. 24．(2.5分)What makes NASA highly praise Goddard? A．His various dreams and efforts. B．His first airplane experiment. C．His rocket experiments and research. D．His rocket power theory and predictions. 25．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “dispute” in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Challenge. B．Breakthrough. C．Disagreement. D．Inspiration. 26．(2.5分)Which can best describe Robert Goddard? A．Intellectual and creative. B．Adventurous but self-centered. C．Cooperative but inefficient. D．Romantic and humorous. 27．(2.5分)What can we know about Goddard from the text? A．Many of his theories are still useful in developing rockets. B．He made the first rocket engine in 1919. C．His first book about his study was published in 1926. D．He launched the world's first liquid-fuel rocket in 1925. （本题10分）Achieving a sustainable balance between environmental protection and rural development is a pressing and complex global challenge. In China’s scenic Erhai Lake basin, this dilemma was severe for years. Intensive agricultural practices, while supporting local livelihoods, led to fertilizer runoff that threatened the lake’s water quality and biodiversity. The urgent need was to find a pathway that could reconcile economic needs with ecological integrity. To address this, an innovative “Science and Technology Backyard” (STB) project was launched in Gusheng Village. Unlike top-down solutions, the STB model is a hands-on and comprehensive framework. It brings together agricultural experts, ecologists, and sociologists to live in the village, working side-by-side with farmers to analyze problems and co-create practical, green solutions. The core methodology is grounded in collaboration and knowledge transfer. Scientists do not simply issue instructions; they engage in dialogue, understanding farmers’ difficulties and expectations. For instance, by jointly promoting precise fertilization techniques, constructing artificial wetlands to naturally purify runoff, and advising on eco-friendly crop selection, the STB provides a framework that allows farmers to increase their income while significantly reducing pollution and protecting the lake’s biodiversity. The outcomes demonstrate the model’s effectiveness and strength. Farmers who adopt these practices report higher and more stable incomes due to higher-priced markets for greener produce. One villager noted, “My costs are lower, and my rice sells for more.” Meanwhile, monitoring data shows a clear trend of improving water quality in Erhai Lake, benefiting tourism and securing clean water for downstream communities. In conclusion, the Erhai STB offers a practical blueprint for rural revitalization in ecologically sensitive areas. It moves beyond the false choice between economy and environment, proving that with respectful collaboration, scientific methodology, and enablement of local communities, villages can transition toward a future where prosperity and planetary health are mutually reinforcing goals. This model holds significant meaning for similar regions worldwide. 28．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “reconcile” probably mean in the first paragraph? A．Balance. B．Replace. C．Ignore. D．Transfer. 29．(2.5分)What’s the main idea of the third paragraph? A．It explains farmers’ trouble in accepting new methods. B．It describes how farmers learn to apply modern technology. C．It explains how artificial wetlands purify the lake water fully. D．It introduces key means and practices of the creative project. 30．(2.5分)What is the main purpose of quoting the villager’s words? A．To show their gratitude to the project. B．To argue farmers should grow green rice. C．To show the practical benefits of the project. D．To stress the importance of better water quality. 31．(2.5分)What can be inferred about the STB model? A．It is effective but costly. B．It can achieve a win-win result. C．It has gained global recognition. D．It focuses more on eco-development. （本题10分）Farming relies more on weather than most businesses. Harvest mostly depends on regular sunshine and rainfall. But climate change is breaking the earth’s long-predictable weather patterns. A warmer world makes problems like drought, flooding and pests worse. To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter. In indoor spaces, conditions like temperature and moisture (湿度) can be controlled accurately with technology. Growing crops indoors isn’t new, but climate change may push more farming indoors. So the industry has tried to expand this method over the past 20 years. However, expanding is hard. Innerfarm, a startup founded in 2013, became one of Europe’s biggest vertical-farming (垂直种植) companies, with about 1,400 farms and partnerships with major sellers. At the peak of its expansion, the company’s CEO spoke of a “big change in agriculture.” But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model. High energy use makes vertical farms debatable. Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness. Luckily, renewable energy and new tech may solve this, like smart LED lights that only produce the wavelengths plants need, saving electricity. Vertical farms have other advantages. They save space, so they’re great for cities. They can be in warehouses, balconies or even kitchen cupboards. In controlled environments, perfect vegetables can grow all year round. Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050. Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s. 32．(2.5分)Why did the author refer to Innerfarm? A．To show the difficulties in indoor farming. B．To illustrate a successful energy-saving case. C．To stress the bright future of indoor farming. D．To introduce a leading vertical-farming company. 33．(2.5分)What is the major disadvantage of vertical farms according to Jennifer? A．Consuming amounts of water. B．Relying on advanced technology. C．Using plenty of energy. D．Depending on weather patterns. 34．(2.5分)What does the UN’s data in Paragraph 5 imply? A．Soil-friendly crops are needed. B．Vertical farming has more potential. C．Soil improvement is key to farming. D．Area of indoor farming will decrease. 35．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Indoor Agriculture: A Double-Edged Sword B．Energy: A Deciding Factor for Vertical Farms C．Soils Farming: Growing Food Beyond Weather D．Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World （本题12.5分）Humans may have begun taming(驯养) animals and growing small crops as early as 10,000 years ago. However, many early people were nomads who moved from place to place. 36(2.5分) They hunted, fished, and gathered nuts, berries, and roots. Life was hard and uncertain. Over time, people began to keep animals in herds. 37(2.5分) They built homes and started farming the land around them. Growing crops provided a more reliable food supply than hunting and gathering. As a result, small settlements grew into villages, towns, and eventually cities. Farmers also discovered that planting certain crops together was helpful. Native Americans, for example, planted beans, corn, and squash together. 38(2.5分) People also realized that rotating crops — changing what is grown on the same land each year — helps keep the soil healthy. Sometimes, farmers leave fields empty for a while to give the land a rest. The Industrial Revolution, about 200 years ago, brought major changes to farming. Before this, people used hand tools and animals to farm. 39(2.5分) Because fewer workers were needed on farms, many people moved to cities to find jobs. 40(2.5分) In the mid-1900s, scientists developed new types of wheat and rice that produced much more food. This was called the Green Revolution. Today, much of our food is grown on large farms, often owned by big companies. These farms use irrigation and chemicals to increase production. However, since the early 2000s, organic farming has become more popular. A．Modern farming continues to change. B．New machines made farming easier and faster. C．They found their food in the wild as they traveled. D．This led them to stay in one place for longer periods. E．However, early farming methods often destroyed the soil very quickly. F．Farmers often shared tools and seeds with their neighbors in early villages. G．This method brought them better results than growing each crop separately. 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信说他最近读了一些科学家的传记，认为科学家有很多优秀品质非常值得年轻人学习,并询问你对此观点的看法。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.赞同他的观点； 2.你从科学家身上学到的一种品质； 3.你践行这一品质的一个事例。注意：1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A young person who was academically excellent applied for a manager’s post in an international company. He passed the written exam with ease, and in the group interview that followed, he impressed the interviewers with willy remarks, passion for work, and creative plans for the company’s future. After that, this young man had to face the final interview by the company’s director. The young man walked into the manager’s office, feeling he could conquer the whole world with just one hand. The director shook hands with the young man and noticed the excitement and pride in his eyes. He looked into the young man’s resume(简历)and saw that the young person did exceptionally well throughout his study life. With a satisfied smile, the director started questioning him. “Did you ever obtain any scholarship in your school or college?” ”No,“ replied the young man. ”Then who paid for your education?“ “My father passed away when I was three. It was my mother who paid for my tuition fees. She’s a farmer and works all day in the fields,”said the young man. The director nodded and asked the young man to show his hands. Though confused, the young man held out his hands hesitantly, which were smooth and soft. Then the director asked if the young man had ever helped his mother with farm work. The young man said:"No, she always wanted me to focus on my academic work. Besides, she knows her work well and could do everything much faster than I could.” Learning the reply, the director told the young man that when he returned to his home that day,he should clean his mother’s hands,and after that, he could come back and see him and report what he learned. Feeling there was a chance for him to get the job, the young man was delighted. When he returned home with a spring in his feel, he cheerfully requested his mother to let him clean her hands. Listening to this strange request, his mother felt astonished but happy. With mixed emotions, she showed her hands to him. 注意1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Now this young man started lo clean his mother’s hands gently. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The following day he went to the director’s office again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $