高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版01）

**基本信息** 本试卷围绕高中英语Unit 5 "Working the Land"主题，整合农业文化、科技前沿与女性科学家等素材，覆盖听、读、写全技能，适配单元复习，注重语言能力提升与文化意识培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力|20题30分|农业场景（作物种植、垂直农业）、人物访谈|情境贴近主题，考查细节与推理，提升语言理解能力| |阅读理解|4篇15题40分|桑基鱼塘系统（文化传承）、垂直农业（科技前沿）、女性科学家（人文精神）|素材兼具时代性与思想性，培养跨文化思维与问题分析能力| |完形填空|15题15分|女性科学家故事|通过语篇考查词汇运用，渗透科学精神，提升思维品质| |语法填空|10题15分|青霉素发现史|结合科学史考查语法应用，强化语言知识与学习能力| |写作|2题40分|介绍中国杰出人物（书信）、森林恢复续写（故事）|融合文化传承与创新表达，培养跨文化沟通与书面表达能力|

高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版01）（原卷版） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Who probably picked the woman’s peaches? A．Her son. B．The man. C．Her neighbor. 2．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．A famous woman. B．An interesting film. C．A training school 4．（本题1.5分）What kind of plants does the neighbor have according to the man? A．Weeds. B．Wild flowers. C．Flowers from store. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)Why does the woman want to open a checking account? A．To save more money. B．To get a debit card. C．To earn interest. 7．(1.5分)When will the new bank card be probably mailed? A．This Wednesday. B．This Friday. C．This Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What is the interview about? A．Challenges of farming B．Future food production C．Benefits of organic food 12．(1.5分)What is true of vertical farming? A．Has low start-up cost B．For leafy greens only C．Uses much less water 13．(1.5分)What’s Dr. Lee’s attitude? A．Fully enthusiastic B．Highly skeptical C．Cautiously optimistic （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What field does Lin Xianfeng work in? A．Medical science. B．Mathematical physics. C．Information technology. 19．(1.5分)How did Lin Xianfeng deal with failures? A．He faced them bravely. B．He changed his direction. C．He waited for opportunities. 20．(1.5分)Which word can best describe Lin Xianfeng? A．Tolerant. B．Committed. C．Considerate. 二、阅读理解 Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths) . Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chienshiung (1912 — 1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914 — 2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johnson (1918 — 2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930 —) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 21．(0分)Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a (n) ________. A．composer B．producer C．mathematician D．actress 22．What is Tu Youyou’s greatest contribution to the world? A．She treated people for cancer. B．She is the first Chinese Nobel winner. C．Her discovery helped save millions of people. D．Her research project is one of a kind. 23．What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text? A．They each constructed a theory. B．They shared the same interest. C．They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D．They all made a difference to the world. （本题10分）Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life. At 43, he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature, multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange. Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人). They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards, and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 24．(2.5分)Who was Bertha mentioned in the text? A．A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B．Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C．A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D．A relative who contested Nobel’s will. 25．(2.5分)What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in paragraph 2? A．A scientific experiment shared by mail. B．A precise academic paper. C．A public speech delivered internationally. D．A continuous written correspondence. 26．(2.5分)Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising? A．It appointed engineers as executors. B．It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C．It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D．It faced challenges from authorities. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel? A．Industrious and visionary. B．Ambitious and materialistic. C．Practical but illiterate. D．Reclusive and dishonest. （本题10分）One useful farming method in China is the Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System. In 2017, the system in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, was recognized by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization as an important global agricultural cultural heritage. It is not only a highly productive farm scene but also a perfect example of being kind to the environment. According to history records, this system first appeared over 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn period. It became well-known and widely used in the Pearl River Delta during the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks. They planted mulberry trees (桑树) on the banks and raised fish in the water between them, forming a beautiful chessboard-like landscape. The following is the illustration Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish. This traditional system is truly zero-waste and good for nature, forming a complete and smart cycle. It cuts flood risks, raises farm output, and cleans water. Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money. 28．(2.5分)Why did ancient Chinese build Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System? A．To reduce flood problems. B．To admire natural wonders. C．To increase silk production. D．To create tourism attractions. 29．(2.5分)What is the illustration mainly about? A．The working principle of the system. B．The food sources of silkworms. C．The mulberry tree planting techniques. D．The freshwater fish farming model. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “furnish” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Transform. B．Supply. C．Remove. D．Decorate. 31．(2.5分)What is the advantage of “3D farming model” over the traditional system? A．It costs less to run the system. B．It is zero-waste and eco-friendly. C．It shortens the production chain to save time. D．It promotes production and increases income. （本题10分）Farming relies more on weather than most businesses. Harvest mostly depends on regular sunshine and rainfall. But climate change is breaking the earth’s long-predictable weather patterns. A warmer world makes problems like drought, flooding and pests worse. To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter. In indoor spaces, conditions like temperature and moisture (湿度) can be controlled accurately with technology. Growing crops indoors isn’t new, but climate change may push more farming indoors. So the industry has tried to expand this method over the past 20 years. However, expanding is hard. Innerfarm, a startup founded in 2013, became one of Europe’s biggest vertical-farming (垂直种植) companies, with about 1,400 farms and partnerships with major sellers. At the peak of its expansion, the company’s CEO spoke of a “big change in agriculture.” But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model. High energy use makes vertical farms debatable. Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness. Luckily, renewable energy and new tech may solve this, like smart LED lights that only produce the wavelengths plants need, saving electricity. Vertical farms have other advantages. They save space, so they’re great for cities. They can be in warehouses, balconies or even kitchen cupboards. In controlled environments, perfect vegetables can grow all year round. Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050. Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s. 32．(2.5分)Why did the author refer to Innerfarm? A．To show the difficulties in indoor farming. B．To illustrate a successful energy-saving case. C．To stress the bright future of indoor farming. D．To introduce a leading vertical-farming company. 33．(2.5分)What is the major disadvantage of vertical farms according to Jennifer? A．Consuming amounts of water. B．Relying on advanced technology. C．Using plenty of energy. D．Depending on weather patterns. 34．(2.5分)What does the UN’s data in Paragraph 5 imply? A．Soil-friendly crops are needed. B．Vertical farming has more potential. C．Soil improvement is key to farming. D．Area of indoor farming will decrease. 35．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Indoor Agriculture: A Double-Edged Sword B．Energy: A Deciding Factor for Vertical Farms C．Soils Farming: Growing Food Beyond Weather D．Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World （本题12.5分）4 Reasons to Graduate in Agriculture Attitudes towards agriculture are changing. 36(2.5分) because it offers them more opportunities than ever before and a chance to make a difference. Let’s take a closer look. Choose from a wide range of subjects. The field of agriculture is very broad and students can study anything from animal science and land management to horticulture or economics. 37(2.5分) . Whether students are more interested in the scientific side of agriculture or the more practical and active side, there is a choice to satisfy all different types of learners. Experience abundant job opportunities. 38(2.5分) . They don’t just have to go into farming, although they can choose to manage farm or agricultural businesses. They can work in areas like agricultural sales and marketing or get positions in environmental conservation. They can also choose to work in a wide range of environments such as in offices, outdoors or a mixture of both. 39(2.5分) . In the course of their agricultural studies, students will be exposed to many issues that affect the world today. Students can get involved in research and development work in significant areas like tackling poverty and food insecurity. Skilled graduates will help to shape the response to global needs in different areas by applying their problem-solving skills. Get paid well. An easy way to reduce the risk of being unemployed after graduation is to become skilled in a field where there’s a shortage. 40(2.5分) . Agricultural graduates, especially those with master’s degrees, are in demand and therefore have the potential to earn top salaries. A．Encourage healthy eating habits B．Address significant modern world issues C．More students are choosing to register for agriculture D．Agriculture is an essential industry that needs more skilled graduates E．A career can go down a great number of different routes for agricultural graduates F．Environmental conservation and farming practice are other common areas of study G．Students would have the opportunity to gain skills while gaining extra outdoor exercises 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语单元测试——Unit 5 Working the Land（较难版01） 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、听力选择题 1．（本题1.5分）Who probably picked the woman’s peaches? A．Her son. B．The man. C．Her neighbor. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Someone must have stolen fruit from my garden. Nearly all my peaches were gone. Have you seen anyone around my garden? M: No, but I saw your son selling peaches outside the cinema this afternoon. And your neighbor Charles bought some and said they taste good. 2．（本题1.5分）What crop does the woman’s uncle plant? A．Beans. B．Cotton. C．Corn. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Have you ever been to a cotton farm like this before? My uncle switched over to it because he could make more money there. He used to grow corn and beans. M: I’ve never actually been to a farm, so I have no idea how farmers make a living! 3．（本题1.5分）What are the speakers talking about? A．A famous woman. B．An interesting film. C．A training school 【答案】A 【原文】W: Have you ever heard about Marie Curie? M: Yes, she was a great scientist and won the Nobel Prize twice. 4．（本题1.5分）What kind of plants does the neighbor have according to the man? A．Weeds. B．Wild flowers. C．Flowers from store. 【答案】B 【原文】W: Those flowers in front of our neighbor’s house are pretty. I wonder where she bought them. We should grow some in our garden, too. M: She didn’t plant them. They’re wild flowers. Some people even consider them to be weeds. 5．（本题1.5分）Where does the conversation take place? A．In a supermarket. B．On a farm. C．At home. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I just bought some strawberries from the supermarket. The salesperson said they were fresh from the farm. M: I’ll go to the kitchen and wash them. （本题3分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6．(1.5分)Why does the woman want to open a checking account? A．To save more money. B．To get a debit card. C．To earn interest. 7．(1.5分)When will the new bank card be probably mailed? A．This Wednesday. B．This Friday. C．This Saturday. 【答案】6．B 7．A 【原文】W: Good morning, I’d like to open a bank account. M: OK. What kind of account would you like to open? W: Could you please introduce the different types of accounts to me? M: Sure. We have checking accounts and saving accounts. Checking accounts are for everyday transactions, such as purchases, bill payments. Saving accounts are for saving money and earning interest over time. W: Actually I’d like to apply for a debit card (借记卡). Does that mean I need to open a checking account? M: Yes, you’re right. And there is a minimum deposit of 25 dollars. W: I know. Here you are. M: OK. Just fill in the form and I’ll give you a temporary card. Today is Monday. New bank card will be mailed within three days. W: Thank you. （本题4.5分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8．(1.5分)What’s new in the newspaper? A．A study about flowers. B．A new way of planting flowers. C．A program about making honey. 9．(1.5分)Who can benefit from planting flowers most according to the researchers? A．People with mental illness. B．Students with difficulty in study. C．Adults with physical health problems. 10．(1.5分)What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Husband and wife. C．Classmates. 【答案】8．A 9．A 10．B 【原文】W: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? M: Yes. Researchers have recently published a new study about the source of honey. W: Flowers? I just know that without flowers, our food supply would be in trouble. M: Exactly. Now flowers can help humans in another way. Researchers say planting flowers may help people with mental health problems. W: Really? Can we call it “Flower Therapy”? M: Yes! In fact, the U.S. government once had a program that taught soldiers returning from the First World War how to plant flowers. W: I know many soldiers have trouble dealing with the experiences of war. M: The program is not a new thing. Other countries also have similar programs. W: I will plant some flowers in our yard. M: Put your chair out, bathe in the sunshine and watch the flowers as they bloom. It’s really relaxing, right? W: Yes! That is what I want. （本题4.5分）听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 11．(1.5分)What is the interview about? A．Challenges of farming B．Future food production C．Benefits of organic food 12．(1.5分)What is true of vertical farming? A．Has low start-up cost B．For leafy greens only C．Uses much less water 13．(1.5分)What’s Dr. Lee’s attitude? A．Fully enthusiastic B．Highly skeptical C．Cautiously optimistic 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．C 【原文】M: Dr. Lee, with growing population and climate change, how can we keep future food supply safe? W: It’s a big challenge. We need new ways besides traditional farming, and vertical farming is very promising. M: Can vertical farming really solve food problems? W: It’s one useful solution. It can be built in cities, cutting transport and pollution, and uses 95% less water than traditional farming with recycled system. M: Are there any weaknesses? W: The initial cost is very high, and it fits high-value crops now. But technology will lower the cost later. M: So what’s the best way? W: We should combine better traditional methods, new farming tech and less food waste for future food security. （本题6分）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14．(1.5分)How does the woman feel at first? A．Curious. B．Surprised. C．Excited. 15．(1.5分)What in the forest made the man think about rotting? A．Flowers. B．Mushrooms. C．Trees. 16．(1.5分)How many colors of the mushrooms does the woman mention? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 17．(1.5分)When will the speakers return to the forest? A．On Thursday. B．On Friday. C．On Saturday. 【答案】14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 【原文】W: You said a strange thing on our walk today. You said you love to see things rotting. I’m curious to know why you said that. M: It’s nothing to get excited about, but I’m happy to explain. Nature is so clever in the way it makes some things rot away to nothing and then creates new life from what is left over. W: But why did you mention it on our walk? We were in the forest at the time. M: I saw some mushrooms growing on a fallen branch. They help recycle the dead wood, so that more trees and flowers can grow. It’s a beautiful system. W: Yes, nature is an expert recycler—and mushrooms can be as beautiful as flowers. Those little yellow ones were unusual—and do you remember the large orange ones? Best of all were the red ones. M: I could look at things like that all day. The subject really interests me. We’ll have to walk there again next Friday. W: Thursday would be better for me. M: I can’t make it then. I have booked an appointment at the dentist. What about Saturday? W: It’s a date. We’ll explore the magic of mushrooms. （本题4.5分）听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18．(1.5分)What field does Lin Xianfeng work in? A．Medical science. B．Mathematical physics. C．Information technology. 19．(1.5分)How did Lin Xianfeng deal with failures? A．He faced them bravely. B．He changed his direction. C．He waited for opportunities. 20．(1.5分)Which word can best describe Lin Xianfeng? A．Tolerant. B．Committed. C．Considerate. 【答案】18．A 19．A 20．B 【原文】 M: Hello everyone, today I’d like to introduce a young scientist. His name is Lin Xianfeng, who is 35 years old and has just won the 2025 science exploration award. Lin is from Zhejiang University and his research lies in the field of medical science. Since he was young, Lin has been curious about how human body works and how to cure diseases. This curiosity led him to study hard and finally step onto the path of scientific research. In the past few years, he has devoted himself to the research of gene-targeted treatments for rare genetic diseases. It was a long and tough journey. There were countless failures and setbacks. However, Lin never gave up. He spent day and night in the laboratory, analyzing data, conducting experiments and discussing with his team. Finally, his efforts paid off. His research made great breakthroughs in finding more effective treatment methods for some rare genetic diseases. Winning the science exploration award is a great recognition of his work. It not only provides him with more funds for further research, but also encourages more young people to engage in scientific exploration. Lin Xianfeng’s story shows that with passion and hard work, young people can make great achievements in the scientific world. 二、阅读理解 Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths) . Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world. Wu Chienshiung (1912 — 1997) Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked. Hedy Lamarr (1914 — 2000) Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology. Katherine Johnson (1918 — 2020) African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”. Tu Youyou (1930 —) Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize. 21．(0分)Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a (n) ________. A．composer B．producer C．mathematician D．actress 22．What is Tu Youyou’s greatest contribution to the world? A．She treated people for cancer. B．She is the first Chinese Nobel winner. C．Her discovery helped save millions of people. D．Her research project is one of a kind. 23．What do the four female scientists have in common according to the text? A．They each constructed a theory. B．They shared the same interest. C．They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. D．They all made a difference to the world. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在科学、技术、工程和数学领域做出重大贡献的女性科学家。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success.(出生于奥地利的拉玛出演了许多好莱坞电影，并取得了巨大的成功。)”可知，海蒂·拉玛也是一位女演员。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world.(她发现了用于治疗疟疾的药物青蒿素。她的工作拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。)”可知，屠呦呦对世界最大的贡献是她的发现帮助拯救了数百万人。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第一段“Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths) . Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.(世界各地的女科学家为科学、技术、工程和数学做出了重大贡献。这里有四位突破界限并改变了世界的女性。)”可知，这四位女科学家的共同点是她们都改变了世界。故选D。 （本题10分）Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life. At 43, he felt prematurely old and advertised for a mature, multilingual (会多种语言的) woman to serve as secretary and household manager. The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange. Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha. Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. Two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, were appointed executors (遗嘱执行人). They formed the Nobel Foundation to manage the funds and coordinate the awards, and this was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries. Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era. He also possessed a profound love for literature and authored his own poetry and plays. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests. 24．(2.5分)Who was Bertha mentioned in the text? A．A peace activist and Nobel Prize winner. B．Nobel’s long-term secretary and household manager. C．A manager of Nobel’s industrial enterprises. D．A relative who contested Nobel’s will. 25．(2.5分)What is the probable meaning of “epistolary exchange” in paragraph 2? A．A scientific experiment shared by mail. B．A precise academic paper. C．A public speech delivered internationally. D．A continuous written correspondence. 26．(2.5分)Why was Nobel’s will considered surprising? A．It appointed engineers as executors. B．It assigned his fortune to set prizes. C．It included a prize inspired by Bertha. D．It faced challenges from authorities. 27．(2.5分)Which of the following can best summarize the traits of Alfred Nobel? A．Industrious and visionary. B．Ambitious and materialistic. C．Practical but illiterate. D．Reclusive and dishonest. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平事迹。 【详解】24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the years, Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. (多年来，贝莎·冯·萨特纳对军备竞赛越来越持批评态度。她写了一本著名的书《放下武器》，并成为和平运动的杰出人物)”和“Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Parliament decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha.(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔去世几年后，挪威议会决定将1905年诺贝尔和平奖授予贝莎)”可知，贝莎·冯·苏特纳是一位和平运动的活动家，也是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。故选A项。 25．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The ideal candidate, Austrian Countess Bertha Kinsky, worked briefly for Nobel before leaving to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Despite this, Nobel and Bertha maintained a long epistolary exchange.(理想人选是奥地利伯爵夫人贝莎·金斯基，她在诺贝尔家族短期工作后便离职嫁给了阿瑟·冯·苏特纳伯爵。尽管如此，诺贝尔与贝莎仍保持了长期的epistolary exchange)”可知，贝莎曾为诺贝尔工作过，后来离开了，但他们仍然保持着联系，由此可推测，划线短语epistolary exchange指的是他们之间的通信，即“持续的书面通信”。故选D项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When his will was opened it came as a shock that his wealth was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.(当他的遗嘱被打开时，人们震惊地发现，他的财富将用于设立物理、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平奖)”可知，诺贝尔的遗嘱令人惊讶是因为他将财富用于设立奖项。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Intensive work and frequent travel left Alfred Nobel little time for private life.(高强度的工作和频繁的旅行使阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔几乎没有私人时间)”和最后一段中“Alfred Nobel’s exceptional talent lay in his unique ability to merge the insight of a scientist and inventor with the enterprising spirit of an industrialist. Besides, Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered uncommon views in his era.(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的卓越才能，在于他独具匠心地将科学家、发明家的洞察力与实业家的开拓精神相融合。不仅如此，他还对社会及和平议题深感兴趣，持有诸多超越时代的见解)”可知，诺贝尔工作勤奋，并且持有诸多超越时代的见解，具有远见。由此可推断出，他是一个勤奋(industrious )且有远见的人(visionary)。故选A项。 （本题10分）One useful farming method in China is the Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System. In 2017, the system in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, was recognized by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization as an important global agricultural cultural heritage. It is not only a highly productive farm scene but also a perfect example of being kind to the environment. According to history records, this system first appeared over 2,500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn period. It became well-known and widely used in the Pearl River Delta during the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks. They planted mulberry trees (桑树) on the banks and raised fish in the water between them, forming a beautiful chessboard-like landscape. The following is the illustration Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish. This traditional system is truly zero-waste and good for nature, forming a complete and smart cycle. It cuts flood risks, raises farm output, and cleans water. Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money. 28．(2.5分)Why did ancient Chinese build Mulberry Dike Fish Pond System? A．To reduce flood problems. B．To admire natural wonders. C．To increase silk production. D．To create tourism attractions. 29．(2.5分)What is the illustration mainly about? A．The working principle of the system. B．The food sources of silkworms. C．The mulberry tree planting techniques. D．The freshwater fish farming model. 30．(2.5分)What does the underlined word “furnish” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Transform. B．Supply. C．Remove. D．Decorate. 31．(2.5分)What is the advantage of “3D farming model” over the traditional system? A．It costs less to run the system. B．It is zero-waste and eco-friendly. C．It shortens the production chain to save time. D．It promotes production and increases income. 【答案】28．A 29．A 30．B 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国一种实用的农业方法——桑基鱼塘系统。该系统于2017年被联合国粮农组织认定为全球重要农业文化遗产，文章阐述了其起源、形成原因、运作原理、优势以及现代的改进。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段“At that time, the area was full of wet lowlands and floods happened very often. To deal with this problem, ancient Chinese people dug up mud to build square banks.(当时，该地区到处是潮湿的低地，洪水频发。为了解决这个问题，古代中国人挖出泥土建造方形堤坝)”可知，古代中国人建造桑基鱼塘系统是为了减少洪水问题。故选A项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Daily work is important for local farmers. Careful cutting of mulberry branch helps grow better leaves for silkworms. Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food. Seasonal digging of pond mud supplies nutrients to mulberry trees. Regular checks of pond water level keep the water fit for fish.(日常管护对当地农户来说至关重要。精心修剪桑枝，能为蚕培育出更优质的桑叶；及时收集蚕粪，可作为鱼儿的饵料；按期挖取塘泥，能为桑树补充养分；定期检查塘内水位，能让水质始终适合鱼类生存)”可知，该部分介绍了桑基鱼塘的日常运营：修剪桑枝为蚕提供优质桑叶、收集蚕粪喂鱼、挖塘泥为桑树施肥、检查水位保证鱼类生存，这些都是桑基鱼塘系统核心的运作原理，即桑树、蚕、蚕沙、鱼、塘泥等之间相互关联、相互作用的关系。故选A项。 30．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Timely collection of silkworm waste will furnish fish with food.(及时收集蚕沙将为鱼furnish食物)”可知，蚕沙能为鱼提供食物，“furnish”意思是“提供”。故选B项。 31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Today, people use advanced skills to improve the system, building a “3D farming model” to make the production chain longer and bring more money.(如今，人们运用先进技术改进该系统，构建“立体农业模式”，使生产链更长，带来更多收入。)”可知，“3D农业模式”相比传统系统的优势在于促进生产并增加收入。故选D项。 （本题10分）Farming relies more on weather than most businesses. Harvest mostly depends on regular sunshine and rainfall. But climate change is breaking the earth’s long-predictable weather patterns. A warmer world makes problems like drought, flooding and pests worse. To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter. In indoor spaces, conditions like temperature and moisture (湿度) can be controlled accurately with technology. Growing crops indoors isn’t new, but climate change may push more farming indoors. So the industry has tried to expand this method over the past 20 years. However, expanding is hard. Innerfarm, a startup founded in 2013, became one of Europe’s biggest vertical-farming (垂直种植) companies, with about 1,400 farms and partnerships with major sellers. At the peak of its expansion, the company’s CEO spoke of a “big change in agriculture.” But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model. High energy use makes vertical farms debatable. Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness. Luckily, renewable energy and new tech may solve this, like smart LED lights that only produce the wavelengths plants need, saving electricity. Vertical farms have other advantages. They save space, so they’re great for cities. They can be in warehouses, balconies or even kitchen cupboards. In controlled environments, perfect vegetables can grow all year round. Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050. Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s. 32．(2.5分)Why did the author refer to Innerfarm? A．To show the difficulties in indoor farming. B．To illustrate a successful energy-saving case. C．To stress the bright future of indoor farming. D．To introduce a leading vertical-farming company. 33．(2.5分)What is the major disadvantage of vertical farms according to Jennifer? A．Consuming amounts of water. B．Relying on advanced technology. C．Using plenty of energy. D．Depending on weather patterns. 34．(2.5分)What does the UN’s data in Paragraph 5 imply? A．Soil-friendly crops are needed. B．Vertical farming has more potential. C．Soil improvement is key to farming. D．Area of indoor farming will decrease. 35．(2.5分)What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Indoor Agriculture: A Double-Edged Sword B．Energy: A Deciding Factor for Vertical Farms C．Soils Farming: Growing Food Beyond Weather D．Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World 【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在气候变化背景下，垂直农业作为一种应对传统农业困境的创新方式，探讨了它的优势、面临的挑战以及未来发展前景。 【详解】32．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, expanding is hard.(然而，扩张很困难。)”以及“But when energy prices rose sharply, Innerfarm was forced to leave the European market and restarted in Canada with a significantly smaller business model.(但当能源价格急剧上涨时，Innerfarm被迫退出欧洲市场，并在加拿大重新起步，采用了规模大幅缩小的商业模式。)”可知，作者举Innerfarm的例子是为了说明室内农业在扩张过程中面临的困难。故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Jennifer Amman from a US energy-saving group said these farms use similar tech to keep humans comfortable, but for plants. They save a lot of water, but energy is their big weakness.(来自美国节能组织的Jennifer Amman表示，这些农场使用类似的技术来让植物处于适宜环境，就像给人类提供舒适环境一样。它们能节约大量水资源，但能源消耗是其最大的短板。)”可知，Jennifer认为垂直农场的主要缺点是能源消耗量大。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据第五段“Almost all water is recycled, no pesticides are needed since there are no bugs, and they don’t have to use soil. This is useful because the UN says about a third of the world’s soil is degraded, and over 90% could be by 2050.(几乎所有水都能循环利用，因为没有害虫所以无需农药，而且它们不需要土壤。这一点很实用，因为联合国表示，目前全球约三分之一的土壤已经退化，到2050年这一比例可能超过90%。)”可知，联合国的数据说明了土壤退化的严峻现状，而垂直农场无需土壤的特点恰好能应对这一问题，暗示了垂直农业具有更大的发展潜力。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To deal with this, agriculture needs to adapt. One idea is indoor farming, where weather doesn’t matter.(为应对这种情况，农业需要做出调整。其中一个办法就是室内农业，在那里天气不再是问题。)  以及第六段“Farming today faces three big challenges: more demand from a growing population, unpredictable yields due to climate change, and an ageing workforce. Thus, solutions like urban vertical farming are needed. The farms of the future will probably look very different from today’s.(如今的农业面临三大挑战：人口增长带来的需求增加、气候变化导致的产量不稳定，以及劳动力老龄化。因此，像城市垂直农业这样的解决方案是必要的。未来的农场很可能与今天的大不相同。)”可知，文章开篇点明气候变化迫使农业转型，引出垂直农业这一解决方案；随后分析了垂直农业的优缺点，并结合全球农业面临的三大挑战，指出未来农业的形态将发生改变。 D选项“Vertical Farming: Agriculture’s Future in a Changing World(垂直农业：变化世界中的农业未来)”既呼应了“气候变化推动农业转型”的背景，也点明了垂直农业作为未来农业发展方向的核心，最能概括全文主旨。故选D。 （本题12.5分）4 Reasons to Graduate in Agriculture Attitudes towards agriculture are changing. 36(2.5分) because it offers them more opportunities than ever before and a chance to make a difference. Let’s take a closer look. Choose from a wide range of subjects. The field of agriculture is very broad and students can study anything from animal science and land management to horticulture or economics. 37(2.5分) . Whether students are more interested in the scientific side of agriculture or the more practical and active side, there is a choice to satisfy all different types of learners. Experience abundant job opportunities. 38(2.5分) . They don’t just have to go into farming, although they can choose to manage farm or agricultural businesses. They can work in areas like agricultural sales and marketing or get positions in environmental conservation. They can also choose to work in a wide range of environments such as in offices, outdoors or a mixture of both. 39(2.5分) . In the course of their agricultural studies, students will be exposed to many issues that affect the world today. Students can get involved in research and development work in significant areas like tackling poverty and food insecurity. Skilled graduates will help to shape the response to global needs in different areas by applying their problem-solving skills. Get paid well. An easy way to reduce the risk of being unemployed after graduation is to become skilled in a field where there’s a shortage. 40(2.5分) . Agricultural graduates, especially those with master’s degrees, are in demand and therefore have the potential to earn top salaries. A．Encourage healthy eating habits B．Address significant modern world issues C．More students are choosing to register for agriculture D．Agriculture is an essential industry that needs more skilled graduates E．A career can go down a great number of different routes for agricultural graduates F．Environmental conservation and farming practice are other common areas of study G．Students would have the opportunity to gain skills while gaining extra outdoor exercises 【答案】36．C 37．F 38．E 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越来越多的学生选择农业专业的四个理由。 36．标题“4 Reasons to Graduate in Agriculture (从农业专业毕业的4个原因)”表明本文介绍选择农业专业的理由，前文“Attitudes towards agriculture are changing. (人们对农业专业的态度正在改变)”总的指出人们对农业专业的态度发生了转变，后文“because it offers them more opportunities than ever before and a chance to make a difference (因为它为他们提供了比以往更多的机会，一个创造不同的机会)”是一个原因，解释农业专业为某类人群提供了更多的机会，空处应该是指出很多学生选择农业专业这一具体现象，因此C项“More students are choosing to register for agriculture (越来越多的学生选择报考农业专业)”符合语境，承接前文，后文是对其解释，其中的More students是后文them指代的对象。故选C。 37．前文“The field of agriculture is very broad and students can study anything from animal science and land management to horticulture or economics. (农业领域非常广泛，学生可以学习从动物科学和土地管理到园艺学或经济学的任何内容)”指出农业领域可选择的具体专业很丰富，这些专业偏科学理论，后文“Whether students are more interested in the scientific side of agriculture or the more practical and active side, there is a choice to satisfy all different types of learners. (无论学生是对农业的科学方面更感兴趣，还是对更实际、更积极的方面更感兴趣，都有一个选择，以满足所有不同类型的学习者)”总结表明农业可以满足学习者的科学或实际两大方向的需求，空处应该是介绍农业领域偏实际方向的专业，因此F项“Environmental conservation and farming practice are other common areas of study (环境保护和农业实践是其他常见的研究领域)”符合语境，承前启后。故选F。 38．前文“Experience abundant job opportunities. (体验丰富的工作机会)”总的指出选择农业会有很多工作机会，后文“They don’t just have to go into farming, although they can choose to manage farm or agricultural businesses. They can work in areas like agricultural sales and marketing or get positions in environmental conservation. (他们不必只从事农业，尽管他们可以选择管理农场或农业企业。他们可以从事农业销售和市场营销等领域的工作，也可以从事环境保护方面的工作)”具体介绍某类人群可以选择的各种职业，空处应该是说明农业学生的职业发展很多样，因此E项“A career can go down a great number of different routes for agricultural graduates (对于农业毕业生来说，职业生涯可以走很多不同的道路)”符合语境，承前启后，其中的agricultural graduates是后文they指代的对象。故选E。 39．后文“In the course of their agricultural studies, students will be exposed to many issues that affect the world today. Students can get involved in research and development work in significant areas like tackling poverty and food insecurity. (在学习农业的过程中，学生们将接触到许多影响当今世界的问题。学生可以参与解决贫困和粮食不安全等重要领域的研究和开发工作)”具体说明学习农业的学生可以解决影响当今世界的问题，做出贡献，空处作为段首句，应该是指出选择农业专业的一个理由是解决当今世界问题，且需和其他段首句一样使用祈使句的形式，因此B项“Address significant modern world issues (解决重要的现代世界问题)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选B。 40．前文“An easy way to reduce the risk of being unemployed after graduation is to become skilled in a field where there’s a shortage. (降低毕业后失业风险的一个简单方法是在紧缺的领域掌握技能)”指出掌握紧缺领域的技能可以保证就业，后文“Agricultural graduates, especially those with master’s degrees, are in demand and therefore have the potential to earn top salaries. (农业毕业生，尤其是硕士毕业生，很受欢迎，因此有可能赚到最高的薪水)”说明农业毕业生可以获得高薪，空处应该起到过渡作用，说明农业是需要技能的行业，因此D项“Agriculture is an essential industry that needs more skilled graduates (农业是一个需要更多有技能的毕业生的重要行业)”符合语境，承前启后。故选D。 三、完形填空 （本题15分）Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their 41 have been remarkable, their names and their stories have 42 received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to 43 the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she 44 a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages. Wade told CBS News that while the 45 of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had 46 in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade 47 an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University. “So when I met her I thought she is a(n) 48 person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t 49 any information about her. What I 50 was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.” That’s how Wade got the 51 —to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them. In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to 52 information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far. Wade is now making a 53 for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to 54 in making science a more diverse and 55 place,” she said. 41．(1分)A．achievements B．potentials C．ambitions D．demands 42．(1分)A．naturally B．regularly C．permanently D．hardly 43．(1分)A．read B．choose C．share D．appreciate 44．(1分)A．thought little of B．passed down C．came up with D．left out 45．(1分)A．goal B．progress C．responsibility D．number 46．(1分)A．concepts B．models C．rules D．followers 47．(1分)A．referred to B．turned down C．came across D．took in 48．(1分)A．patient B．ordinary C．serious D．amazing 49．(1分)A．remember B．identify C．offer D．find 50．(1分)A．wanted B．accepted C．recommended D．acknowledged 51．(1分)A．help B．idea C．belief D．order 52．(1分)A．collect B．post C．manage D．correct 53．(1分)A．suggestion B．will C．name D．request 54．(1分)A．play B．make C．select D．decide 55．(1分)A．safer B．fairer C．quieter D．wider 【答案】 41．A 42．D 43．C 44．C 45．D 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家Jess Wade为一些被忽视的科学人士撰写维基百科页面的故事。 【详解】41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. achievements成就；B. potentials潜能；C. ambitions野心，抱负；D. demands要求。根据前文“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”及“have been remarkable”可知，科学家、工程师和数学家改变了世界，取得了非凡的成就。故选A项。 42．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. naturally通常；B. regularly有规律地；C. permanently永久地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“great scientific pioneers who may be ignored”及前文“But”可知，尽管这些人取得了非凡的成就，但是很少有人关注他们的故事。故选D项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. read读；B. choose选择；C. share分享；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据下文“writing Wikipedia pages”可知，Jess想要写维基百科来分享这些被忽视的科学先驱的故事。故选C项。 44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. thought little of看不起，轻视；B. passed down传递；C. came up with想出；D. left out省略。根据“she___4___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.”可知，Jess想出了一个独特的让大家了解他们的方法。故选C项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. goal目标；B. progress进步；C. responsibility责任；D. number数字。根据“is small in comparison to that of men”并结合常识可知，女性在科学领域的数量少于男性。故选D项。 46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. concepts概念；B. models模范，榜样；C. rules规则；D. followers追随者。根据后文“Wade___7___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb”可知，Kim Cobb是Jess的榜样，是她视作模范的一个女科学家。故选B项。 47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当韦德还是研究生的时候，她遇到了一位鼓舞人心的科学女性，布朗大学的气候科学家金·科布。A. referred to参考，表明；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across遇见；D. took in吸收。根据下文“when I met her”可知，Jess研究生时遇到了Kim Cobb。故选C项。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我见到她的时候，我觉得她是一个了不起的人，我需要更多地了解她。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“I need to learn more about her”及“When I did a little search”可知，作者遇到Kim Cobb时，觉得她了不起，所以对她进行了一点调查研究。故选D项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做了一些搜索，我找不到任何关于她的信息。A. remember记得；B. identify识别；C. offer提供；D. find找到。根据下文“What I___10___was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”及“I couldn’t___9___any information about her.”可知，作者找不到Kim Cobb的信息。故选D项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有。A. wanted想要；B. accepted接受；C. recommended推荐；D. acknowledged认可。根据下文“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，作者想要找到关于Kim Cobb的信息，但是没有找到，所以才想到自己为她写信息。故选A项。 51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是韦德产生这个想法的原因——开始为尚未拥有维基百科的不同科学人士编写维基百科页面。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. belief信念；D. order命令，秩序。根据“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，在维基百科上为不同的科学人士写页面这是Jess的想法。故选B项。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的空闲时间，韦德搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A. collect收集；B. post发布，邮寄；C. manage管理，设法；D. correct更正。根据“searches the Internet”可知，搜索信息是为了收集信息。故选A项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德现在在科学界有了自己的名声，她知道如果没有那些前辈，她就不会有今天。A. suggestion建议；B. will意志，心愿；C. name名声；D. request要求。根据“she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.”可知，先锋的启发和激励让Jess自己也成为了获得名声的科学人士。故选C项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. play扮演；B. make制作，成为；C. select挑选；D. decide决定。根据“have a role to”可知，play a role为固定短语，意思为：扮演一个角色。故选A项。 55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. safer更安全的；B. fairer更公平的；C. quieter更安静的；D. wider更宽的。根据“a more diverse”可知，空处形容词与diverse并列，结合上文讲述的有些科学人士做出贡献却没有名字信息可知，作者认为我们有责任让科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。故选B项。 四、语法填空 （本题15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries 56(1.5分) history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, 57(1.5分) scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria 58(1.5分) (surround) the mould were dead. 59(1.5分) (surprise) by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for 60(1.5分) (treat) wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an 61(1.5分) (effect) medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists 62(1.5分) were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin 63(1.5分) (save) millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the 64(1.5分) (true). He was intelligent and experienced enough 65(1.5分) (notice) its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” 【答案】 56．in 57．a 58．surrounding 59．Surprised 60．treating 61．effective 62．who/that 63．has saved 64．truth 65．to notice 【导语】文章主要讲述了青霉素的发现过程，指出这一伟大发现虽看似偶然，实则源于亚历山大·弗莱明的智慧、经验和不懈努力，印证了“机遇偏爱有准备的头脑”这一道理。 【详解】56．考查介词。句意：青霉素被广泛认为是历史上最重要的医学发现之一。in history为固定搭配，意为“在历史上”。 57．考查冠词。句意：弗莱明，一位来自苏格兰的科学家，度假后回到实验室，发现培养皿上有一些霉菌。scientist为可数名词，此处表示泛指，scientist发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。were dead为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，bacteria和surround之间为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式surrounding。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：对此感到惊讶，弗莱明做了一些测试。performed为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Fleming和surprise之间为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，且位于句首首字母大写。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到这可能对治疗伤口非常有用。介词for后需接动名词treating“治疗”作宾语。 61．考查形容词。句意：十多年来，弗莱明一直在研究青霉素并试图将其制成有效的药物。空处修饰名词medicine，需用形容词effective作定语。 62．考查定语从句。句意：最终，他的工作引起了一些其他能够做到这一点的科学家的注意。空处引导定语从句，先行词为scientists，指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who或that引导。 63．考查时态。句意：自20世纪40年代开始大规模生产以来，青霉素已经拯救了数百万人的生命。根据时间状语Since its mass production began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语penicillin不可数，助动词用has。 64．考查名词。句意：人们可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的，但事实上远非如此。定冠词the后需接名词truth作介词from的宾语。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够聪明和有经验去注意到它的潜力。此处为“adj.+enough+to do”结构，意为“足够……去做某事”，需用动词不定式。 五、书信写作 66．（本题15分）假定你是李华，你的外籍同学Peter对中国杰出人物很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，介绍一位你最敬佩的中国人物，内容包括： 1.人物基本信息； 2.主要事迹与贡献； 3.你敬佩他/她的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 Dear Peter, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文 Dear Peter, I’m excited to hear that you’re interested in China’s great figures. The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice.” To begin with, born in 1930, Yuan devoted his whole life to agricultural science. In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production. His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility. Despite his monumental achievements, he continued working in the fields like an ordinary farmer, always saying that his dream was to see rice growing as tall as sorghum. He proved that science can change the world, and his down-to-earth spirit inspires me to pursue my own goals with patience and dedication. Finally, if you want to know more, I’d love to share a book about him. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外籍同学Peter写封邮件，介绍一位自己最敬佩的中国人物，讲述其基本信息、主要事迹和贡献，以及敬佩原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的、激动的：excited→thrilled/ 提高、增加：increase→boost 普通的：ordinary→common 激励：inspire→motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, lifting countless people out of hunger. 拓展句：His innovations helped feed nearly one-fifth of the world’s population, which lifted countless people out of hunger. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In the 1970s, he successfully developed the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice strain, which dramatically increased rice production.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】In addition, what I admire most is his perseverance and humility.（运用了what引导的主语从句） 六、书面表达 67．（本题25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Forest’s Second Chance The forest bore the clear, painful scars of a recent, fierce battle — not with guns, but against raging flames. Three months back, a wildfire tore through the area with terrifying force, leaving a landscape of hopelessness and destruction. The once lively, thick woodland now lay in complete ruins. Burnt tree trunks stood like bony skeleton fingers. Their blackened wood felt rough and uneven to the touch. They stuck out like broken bones, reaching uselessly toward the gray, smoke-filled sky, as if making a last, helpless appeal. Tiny, weak flames still glowed in the narrow gaps between the trunks, like faint orange glimmers swaying gently, threatening to burst into a roaring blaze again. The ground, once soft with moss and full of colorful wildflowers — purple clover dancing in the wind and bright yellow daisies nodding — was now a hard, dry layer of ash. Stepping on it, the ash crumbled into fine, powdery dust that stuck to shoes, leaving light gray marks like disaster trails. It had a sharp smell that stung the nose and made eyes water. The air was thick with the lingering bad odor of burning wood, and a dead silence prevailed. The usual happy bird chirps, once filling the forest with life, were gone, leaving it in a strange, lonely quiet. That silence was shattered when the volunteers showed up. Many covered their mouths with hands, tears streaming down. Maria, the volunteer leader, her fingers trembling as she brushed ash off a scorched sapling(烧焦的幼苗), whispered in a choked voice, “It was so beautiful here before.” Old Mr. Henderson, silver-haired and bent, stood staring at the woodland he’d known for 40 years. His hands shook when touching a blackened tree trunk. Then he sighed heavily, full of grief. “We’ll fix it,” he said, softly but firmly. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】       Rolling up their sleeves, the volunteers got to work. Maria divided them into groups: some cleared charred branches and debris; others carried young saplings with soil-wrapped roots, avoiding warm patches. Mr. Henderson’s weathered hands dug holes steadily despite the ache. “Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks. Silent, driven by quiet determination, the only sounds were shovel scrapes and rustling leaves. By dusk, rows of tiny green shoots stood amid the gray—a fragile hope.       A week later, a true miracle unfolded before their eyes. Saplings sprang to life, leaves glowing bright green. Wildflowers pushed through ash, petals faintly purple and yellow. A woodpecker tapped a charred trunk, its call echoing. Maria brushed ash off a sprouting fern, voice trembling with joy. Mr. Henderson smiled, eyes wrinkling gently. “It’s coming back,” he whispered. Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes. 【导语】本文以志愿者修复火灾后森林的行动与森林的复苏为线索展开，讲述了森林遭遇野火毁坏后，志愿者们齐心协力种植幼苗，最终森林重焕生机的故事。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“志愿者们卷起袖子，开始投入工作。”可知，第一段可描写志愿者们分工合作、辛勤种植幼苗的具体过程与场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，一个真正的奇迹在他们眼前上演。”可知，第二段可描写一周后森林里植物、动物的复苏景象，以及志愿者们的情感与感悟。 2. 续写线索： 志愿者抵达森林—— 分工劳作种植幼苗—— 幼苗挺立—— 一周后植物动物复苏—— 志愿者见证奇迹—— 森林迈向新生 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①清理： clear/ tidy up ②种植： plant/ sow ③拂去： brush off/ wipe away 情绪类 ①决心： determination/ resolve ②喜悦： joy/ delight 【点睛】【高分句型1】“Plant here, where sunlight reaches,” he said, pointing to gaps between old trunks.(运用了where引导的非限定性定语从句和现在分词作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】Scarred but unbroken, the forest took fragile steps toward renewal, a living promise that hope takes root even in the darkest of ashes.(运用了形容词作状语和that引导的同位语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $