Unit 1 Look it up!（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“查阅百科全书”主题构建知识体系，通过对比表格（如invent/discover/find辨析）、句型结构分析（如the way引导的定语从句）等工具，系统梳理百科知识词汇、不定代词用法及科普句型，清晰呈现一般过去时、复合不定代词等重难点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练”的分层设计，涵盖选择、填空、翻译等题型（如look up短语代词位置练习），通过辨析对比培养思维品质，结合百科词条表达训练提升语言能力。配套单词拼写、语法选择等综合练习，助力不同层次学生巩固，为教师实施精准复习提供清晰框架。

Unit 1 Look it up!（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“Look it up” 查阅百科全书主题，复习百科知识相关词汇、短语与句型表达。 2、重点掌握百科全书的发展史。 3、熟练运用不定代词、复合不定代词的运用。 4、能围绕 “百科词条” 进行口头和书面表达，培养科学探究意识。 复习重难点 重点：一般过去时的运用；复合不定代词、other 系列不定代词用法；科普类描述核心句型。难点：不定代词后置定语、some/any 复合不定代词场景区分；the way 引导的定语从句；写作有条理介绍发明、古生物或历史人物等百科词条。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1： Look it up！查阅它！（教材P5） look up：①（在词典、文献、网络中）查阅，查询 ②抬头仰望；向上望去 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 【即时小练】 1．If you don’t know the word, you can ________ in the dictionary. A．look up it B．look it up C．look them up D．look up them 2.My grandma is ill. I have to ________ her at home. A. look at B. look after C. look for D. look up 知识点2：Leonardo da Vinci(1452——1519) was an Italian painter, inventor,musician, engineer and scientist.列奥纳多・达・芬奇（1452–1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师兼科学家。（教材P5） ①Italian：adj. 意大利的；意大利人的；意大利语的n. 意大利人；意大利语 变形：Italy n. 意大利 ②inventor n. 发明家；发明者 变形：invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. [C] 发明物；[U] 发明 inventor n. 发明者 【辨析】invent, discover, find 词汇 意义 用法 例句 invent v.发明；创造 指创造前所未有的事物 Who invented the compass? 谁发明了指南针？ discover v.发现 找到客观早已存在、尚未被人知晓的事物 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492 年发现美洲大陆。 find v.找到 侧重寻找之后寻得，强调结果 I find my lost pen under the desk. 我在书桌下找到了丢失的钢笔。 【即时小练】 1.用所给词的正确形式填空。 ①.Who ________ (invent) the light bulb? ②.Edison was a great ________ (invent). He had many great ________ (invent). ③Lots of ________ (Italy) like eating pizza. 2. 选择恰当的词的适当形式填空（invent, discover, find） ①I ________ my missing pen under the chair just now. ②Scientists ________ many new kinds of animals in this rainforest last year. ③Bell ________ the telephone in 1876. 知识点3：Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） ① extremely adv. 极其；非常→ extreme adj. 极端的 ② intelligent adj. 聪明的；有才智的 → intelligence n. 智力；智慧 ③ talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的→ talent n. 天赋；才能 【固定搭配】 be talented in … 在…… 方面有天赋= have a talent for … 例句：He is extremely intelligent and talented in art.他十分聪慧，并且在艺术方面富有天赋。 【即时小练】 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1.She is ________ (extreme) good at painting. 2.His ________ (intelligent) makes everyone admire him. 3.My sister is ________ (talent) in playing the piano. 二、句子翻译 1.她极其勤奋，并且在科学方面很有天赋。 _______________________________________________________________________ 2.这位画家拥有绘画的天赋。 _______________________________________________________________________ 知识点4：For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） ①辩析for example和such as 短语 意义与用法 例句 for example 作插入语,用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例。 You can find dinosaur fossils in many places. For example, people found them in Sichuan.很多地方都能找到恐龙化石。比如说，人们在四川发现过。 such as 近似于like,是介词短语，一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子;such as后没有逗号，直接加名词或动名词(短语）。 China has many great ancient inventions, such as the compass and paper-making.中国拥有许多伟大的古代发明，例如指南针和造纸术。 ②include： v. 包含；包括 【辨析】include，including 词汇 意义与用法 例句 include v. 包括；包含（作谓语） The tour includes a visit to the museum.这次旅行包含参观博物馆。 including prep.包括；包含（一般放在逗号后面，不作谓语） Lots of animals, including dinosaurs, died out millions of years ago.很多动物，包括恐龙，在数百万年前就灭绝了。 【即时小练】 1．The box ________ five books, ________a dictionary and a novel. A．include; include B．includes; including     C．including; includes D．include; including 2．—Tony, you should learn from others, ________, your brother Tom. —I will, Mum. I will learn something good from him, ________ kindness, friendliness and bravery. A．such as; for example B．for example; for example C．such as; such as D．for example; such as 知识点5：His paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science他的绘画作品和发明改变了我们思考艺术和科学的方式。 句子结构分析：这是一个定语从句。主句主干：His paintings and inventions changed the way. 该从句修饰先行词 the way。后置定语从句：we think about art and science ，省略连词that。 语法要点： 当先行词为the way，且其在定语从句中作方式状语时，从句引导词可选用 that / in which，亦可省略引导词（本句采用省略形式，为英语惯用表达）。 完整结构：His paintings and inventions changed the way (that /in which) we think about art and science 【即时小练】 1.我欣赏你看待世界的方式。 ___________________________________________________ 2.没有人喜欢他解决问题的方式。 ___________________________________________________ 知识点6: Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 含义：和…… 一样…… 例句：Tom is as tall as Jack.汤姆和杰克一样高。 She runs as fast as her sister.她跑得和姐姐一样快。 否定形式：not as/so + 原级 + as 含义：不如…… 例句：He is not as/so careful as his brother.他不如他弟弟细心。 ②some...,others... 一些......, 其他的...... 不定代词 意义 用法 例句 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用。 We can find other ways to finish the task. 我们可以找到其他方法完成这项任务。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支笔，一支红色，另一支蓝色。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 Some students like music, others like sports. 一些学生喜欢音乐，另一些喜欢运动。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 There are 50 students. Ten are boys and the others are girls.共有50名学生，10个男生，其余都是女生。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 This shirt doesn’t fit me. Show me another. 这件衬衫不合身，给我看另外一件。 【即时小练】 1.When ________ door closes, ________ opens. We should be always hopeful about life. A．one; the other B．one; another C．the one; others D．other; the others 2.In the park, some children are playing football, and ______ are flying kites. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 3.This coat is too small. Can you show me ________ one? A. other B. others C. another D. the other 4.I have two dictionaries. One is Chinese, ______ is English. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others 5.Thirty students are in the classroom. Twelve are reading, ______ are writing. A. others B. the others C. other D. another 6.这座花园和那座花园一样漂亮。(中译英) ___________________________________________________ 7.他跑步不如他哥哥快。(中译英) ___________________________________________________ 知识点7: About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) ①die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【辨析1】die out，die of， die from 短语 含义 使用场景 die out （动植物、风俗）灭绝，消亡 强调群体、物种整体消失 die of 因内部原因死亡 疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤die of illness / hunger / old age die from 因外部因素死亡 事故、外伤、环境污染等die from a traffic accident 【辨析2】die，dead，death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 【即时小练】 A.选词填空（die out, die of, die from） 1.Many wild animals will ________ if we don’t protect them. 2.That soldier ________ a serious wound（外伤）in the war. 3.Lots of people ________ the illness in that year. B.选词填空（die，dead，death） 1.The tiger ________ ten years ago. 2.I can’t believe the animal is ________. 3.The news of his ________ made all of us upset. 知识点8：Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） ①句型结构分析：be sure + 连接代词 / 连接副词（what/when/where/why/how） be sure 后可承接由疑问词引导的宾语从句；语境清晰时，从句主干可省略，仅保留疑问词。 例句：We are not sure when.= We are not sure when the experiment will begin. ②completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 →complete adj. 完整的；v. 完成 【即时小练】 1.I am ________ (complete) ready for the coming test.(用所给词适当形式填空) 2.Can you ________ (complete) the task before five o’clock?(用所给词适当形式填空) 3.我不确定我们什么时候出发。(中译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 知识点9:However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils.然而，他们正通过研究恐龙化石来更多地了解恐龙。(教材P5) ①辨析 however和but 辨析 词性和用法 例句 however “然而”;转折意味较弱；位于句首、句中或句末，后面常用逗号隔开。 The work is hard. However, we can finish it on time.这份工作很难。然而，我们可以按时完成。 but “但是”;转折意味很强烈；位于分句的句首，后面不用逗号。 The task is difficult, but we will never give up.这项任务很难，但我们绝不会放弃。 ② by studying their fossils （通过研究它们的化石） 结构：by + doing sth 含义：通过做某事（方式、手段）。by 是介词，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词 (doing)，不可接动词原形。 例句：We improve English by reading.我们通过阅读提升英语。 【即时小练】 1．I went to visit him. I found, ______， that he wasn't at home. A．however B．but C．and D．so 2.You will make great progress by ________ every day. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising D. exercised 知识点10： They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 【即时小练】 1．The two pictures ________ each other, but they are not exactly the same. A．are related to B．go back a long way C．are similar to D．die out 2.The ancient encyclopaedia ________ the modern one. Few contents are alike. 单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。 二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 用法详解： (1) 带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 Someone is knocking at the door.（肯定句）有人在敲门。 I don’t know anything about dinosaurs.（否定句）我对恐龙一无所知。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； Could you give me something to drink?你能给我来点喝的东西吗？ Would you like someone to help you?需要有人来帮你吗？ (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 Anyone can take part in this activity.任何人都可以参加这项活动。 You can choose anything you like.你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everything is ready for the trip.出行的一切准备就绪。 Nobody knows the secret.没有人知道这个秘密。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 Is there anybody else in the classroom?教室里还有其他人吗？ 【即时小练】 1．Please be quiet, I have ________ to tell you. A．new something B．something new C．new anything D．anything new 2．—If ________ calls, tell them I’m not at home. —Okay, I will do it this way. A．anything B．nothing C．none D．anyone 3．Running is getting popular. It is good for our body and it costs _______. A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something 4．—Would you like ________ milk in your coffee? —No, thanks! Black coffee is OK. A．some B．any C．much D．little 5．—Did you find ________ useful on the website? —Yes, I found some learning materials for my math test. A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 6．The light is on in the office. There must be ________ working late. A．anyone B．no one C．someone D．everyone 7.Everyone in our group ________ interested in ancient animals. A. are B. is C. were D. be 8.—Did you learn ________ on your visit to Lingyang? —Of course. I learned a lot about how to make dried bean curd (豆腐干), a kind of traditional handmade food. A．something interesting B．something boring C．anything interesting D．anything boring 9.I didn’t find anything special in today’s newspaper. (改为同义句) I ________ ________ special in today’s newspaper. 10.暑假你有没有体验过什么有意思的事？ Did you experience ________ ________ in the summer holiday? （时间：30分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．Amy is t________ in music and can play several instruments. 2．Dinosaurs lived in the p________ period, long before people began to write history. 3．This magazine i________ many stories about history and science. 4.These two pictures are closely r________ to each other. 5．Peter is i________ enough to understand the question at once. 6．There were different kinds of d________ on Earth millions of years ago. 7．Drinking warm water can help reduce the s________ when you have a sore throat. 8．My grandpa worked the w_________ morning and now he looks tired. 9．Amy weighed three kilos at b_______. She grew to be much heavier. 10．The d________ of his beloved pet made him very sad. 11．She divided the cake into several equal p________ and shared them with her friends. 12．Molly is o________ a birthday party for her best friend Tina. 13．The young a________ painted a picture of his hometown. 14．Jack is very a________. He often creates beautiful paintings. 15．I always carry a n________ to write down new English words. 16．This copy is different from the o________ one. 17．The room became c________ dark after the lights went out. 18.P________ Tom is late because he missed the bus. 19.I bought some new shoes which are very s________ to a pair I had before. 20.The scientist wanted to r________ all information about dinosaurs. 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．The old bridge was ________ blue. (complete) 2．The robot showed surprising ________ when it solved the difficult problem. (intelligent) 3．This dictionary ________ (include) thousands of daily English words. 4．He hardly eats ________(something) in the morning, but just drinks a glass of water. 5．The ________ (invent) of the flying machine changed people’s ideas about travel. 6．Scientists are still studying how dinosaurs ________ (die) out millions of years ago. 7.Lucy was one of the main ________ of the school book fair. (organize) 8.I don’t have ________ (some) new information about the artist. 9．My cousin is ________ (talent) and I am proud of her. 10.The ________ (edit) of the first modern encyclopaedias organized entries in alphabetical order. 三、语法选择 For years, it has been said that newspapers are at death’s door. Each of the past few years has seen many newspapers say goodbye to their readers. But why is the situation so terrible for newspapers? Newspapers have a long history. The first newspaper was printed in 1 1600s. The industry witnessed 2 most successful periods in the early 20th century. With the appearance of radio and TV, however, newspaper circulation began to fall. By the mid-20th century, radio and TV had become so popular that people no longer had to rely on newspapers for news. This was especially true for breaking news. Afternoon newspapers were the first to suffer. People coming home from work increasingly turned on the TV, rather than open a newspaper. But generally, newspapers still managed to survive. 3 they couldn’t compete with TV in terms of delivering the latest news, they could provide in-depth reports that TV news could not. But newspapers suffered 4 heavier blow in the 1990s. With the appearance of the internet, 5 information became free. Many newspaper readers realized that they could 6 read news online for free. There seemed to be little reason any longer for them 7 for a newspaper subscription. So what does the future hold? Will newspapers die, just like cassettes and typewriters? Maybe not. Now, many newspapers 8 . Some are going digital. Some are going even 9 by taking the industry to places it has never been to. After all, people still want the news. And many agree that newspapers are an important source of in-depth news and ideas. If newspapers were to entirely disappear, there would be 10 to take their place. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．it B．its C．it’s D．itself 3．A．Although B．Because C．If D．Unless 4．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 5．A．large number of B．large numbers of C．large amount of D．large amounts of 6．A．inconvenient B．convenient C．convenience D．conveniently 7．A．to pay B．paying C．paid D．to paying 8．A．change B．are changing C．changed D．will change 9．A．far B．more far C．farther D．the farthest 10．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 四、阅读理解 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 五、语法填空 The giant panda is a national treasure of China. It is famous 1 a living fossil. Most pandas have black-and-white fur. They look very cute and have higher 2 (intelligent) than many animals. They can follow the zookeepers’ 3 (instruction) without difficulty. That’s why almost everyone 4 (like) them. Giant pandas love eating bamboo best. But they also enjoy other food, including birds, fish 5 some small animals. A panda at 6 (born) only weighs about 120 grams, while a grown-up panda’s weight can rise up to about 120 kilograms. Wild giant pandas live in cool and wet bamboo forests of central and western China, high up in the mountains. They show great ability to climb trees from 7 early age. The living giant panda was 8 (one) found in Sichuan by a Frenchman. Because giant pandas were in danger of 9 (die) out, they were on the list of the endangered species. Luckily, in 2016, 10 (science) changed the level of giant pandas on the list. It’s China’s success in rebuilding bamboo forests. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up!（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“Look it up” 查阅百科全书主题，复习百科知识相关词汇、短语与句型表达。 2、重点掌握百科全书的发展史。 3、熟练运用不定代词、复合不定代词的运用。 4、能围绕 “百科词条” 进行口头和书面表达，培养科学探究意识。 复习重难点 重点：一般过去时的运用；复合不定代词、other 系列不定代词用法；科普类描述核心句型。难点：不定代词后置定语、some/any 复合不定代词场景区分；the way 引导的定语从句；写作有条理介绍发明、古生物或历史人物等百科词条。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1： Look it up！查阅它！（教材P5） look up：①（在词典、文献、网络中）查阅，查询 ②抬头仰望；向上望去 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 【即时小练】 1．If you don’t know the word, you can ________ in the dictionary. A．look up it B．look it up C．look them up D．look up them 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你不认识这个单词，你可以在字典里查阅它。 look up意为“查阅”，当宾语为代词时，代词需置于动词与副词之间，排除A、D；根据前文“the word”为单数可知，应用it指代，排除C。 2.My grandma is ill. I have to ________ her at home. A. look at B. look after C. look for D. look up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的奶奶生病了，我不得不在家照顾她。 look at 看；look after 照顾；look for 寻找；look up 查阅、向上看。结合 “grandma is ill（奶奶生病）” 语境，选用 look after。 知识点2：Leonardo da Vinci(1452——1519) was an Italian painter, inventor,musician, engineer and scientist.列奥纳多・达・芬奇（1452–1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师兼科学家。（教材P5） ①Italian：adj. 意大利的；意大利人的；意大利语的n. 意大利人；意大利语 变形：Italy n. 意大利 ②inventor n. 发明家；发明者 变形：invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. [C] 发明物；[U] 发明 inventor n. 发明者 【辨析】invent, discover, find 词汇 意义 用法 例句 invent v.发明；创造 指创造前所未有的事物 Who invented the compass? 谁发明了指南针？ discover v.发现 找到客观早已存在、尚未被人知晓的事物 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492 年发现美洲大陆。 find v.找到 侧重寻找之后寻得，强调结果 I find my lost pen under the desk. 我在书桌下找到了丢失的钢笔。 【即时小练】 1.用所给词的正确形式填空。 ①.Who ________ (invent) the light bulb? 【答案】invented 【详解】灯泡是过去被发明，谓语动词用一般过去时 invented。 ②.Edison was a great ________ (invent). He had many great ________ (invent). 【答案】inventor; inventions 【详解】第一空指人 “发明家” inventor；many 后接可数名词复数，invention 变为 inventions（发明物）。 ③Lots of ________ (Italy) like eating pizza. 【答案】Italians 【详解】lots of（许多）后面可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。Italy 意为意大利（国家）；Italian 表示 “意大利人”，为可数名词。此处句意：许多意大利人喜欢吃披萨，需要填写 “意大利人” 复数形式，Italian 复数直接加 s ，故填 Italians。 2. 选择恰当的词的适当形式填空（invent, discover, find） ①I ________ my missing pen under the chair just now. 【答案】found 【详解】find 表示找到丢失的物品；just now（刚刚）为过去时间，使用一般过去时，find 过去式为 found。 ②Scientists ________ many new kinds of animals in this rainforest last year. 【答案】discovered 【详解】动物本来就客观存在，只是首次被发现，用 discover；last year（去年）是过去时间，过去式 discovered。 ③Bell ________ the telephone in 1876. 【答案】invented 【详解】电话是以前不存在的新事物，属于创造发明，选用 invent；1876 是过去年份，使用过去式 invented。 知识点3：Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） ① extremely adv. 极其；非常→ extreme adj. 极端的 ② intelligent adj. 聪明的；有才智的 → intelligence n. 智力；智慧 ③ talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的→ talent n. 天赋；才能 【固定搭配】 be talented in … 在…… 方面有天赋= have a talent for … 例句：He is extremely intelligent and talented in art.他十分聪慧，并且在艺术方面富有天赋。 【即时小练】 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1.She is ________ (extreme) good at painting. 【答案】extremely 【详解】修饰形容词 good 需要副词，extreme 的副词形式 extremely，意为 “极其，非常”。 2.His ________ (intelligent) makes everyone admire him. 【答案】intelligence 【详解】形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词；intelligent 的名词形式 intelligence（智慧，智力）。 3.My sister is ________ (talent) in playing the piano. 【答案】talented 【详解】固定搭配 be talented in 在…… 有天赋，填形容词 talented。 二、句子翻译 1.她极其勤奋，并且在科学方面很有天赋。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She is extremely hard-working and talented in science. 2.这位画家拥有绘画的天赋。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The painter has a talent for painting. 知识点4：For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） ①辩析for example和such as 短语 意义与用法 例句 for example 作插入语,用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例。 You can find dinosaur fossils in many places. For example, people found them in Sichuan.很多地方都能找到恐龙化石。比如说，人们在四川发现过。 such as 近似于like,是介词短语，一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子;such as后没有逗号，直接加名词或动名词(短语）。 China has many great ancient inventions, such as the compass and paper-making.中国拥有许多伟大的古代发明，例如指南针和造纸术。 ②include： v. 包含；包括 【辨析】include，including 词汇 意义与用法 例句 include v. 包括；包含（作谓语） The tour includes a visit to the museum.这次旅行包含参观博物馆。 including prep.包括；包含（一般放在逗号后面，不作谓语） Lots of animals, including dinosaurs, died out millions of years ago.很多动物，包括恐龙，在数百万年前就灭绝了。 【即时小练】 1．The box ________ five books, ________a dictionary and a novel. A．include; include B．includes; including     C．including; includes D．include; including 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个盒子包含五本书，包括一本字典和一本小说。 include意为“包括”，作谓语动词；including意为“包括”，常作介词或分词；includes为第三人称单数形式。主语The box是第三人称单数，故第一空应填谓语动词includes；第二空填including，此处位于名词前表示包含具体内容。 2．—Tony, you should learn from others, ________, your brother Tom. —I will, Mum. I will learn something good from him, ________ kindness, friendliness and bravery. A．such as; for example B．for example; for example C．such as; such as D．for example; such as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——托尼，你应该向别人学习，例如，你的弟弟汤姆。——我会的，妈妈。我会从他身上学到一些好东西，比如善良、友善和勇敢。 for example例如，通常列举一个例子，常作插入语，用逗号隔开；such as例如，通常列举多个例子，直接跟名词。第一空后为“your brother Tom”，是单个例子且有逗号隔开，填for example；第二空后为“kindness, friendliness and bravery”，是多个并列名词，填such as。 知识点5：His paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science他的绘画作品和发明改变了我们思考艺术和科学的方式。 句子结构分析：这是一个定语从句。主句主干：His paintings and inventions changed the way. 该从句修饰先行词 the way。后置定语从句：we think about art and science ，省略连词that。 语法要点： 当先行词为the way，且其在定语从句中作方式状语时，从句引导词可选用 that / in which，亦可省略引导词（本句采用省略形式，为英语惯用表达）。 完整结构：His paintings and inventions changed the way (that /in which) we think about art and science 【即时小练】 1.我欣赏你看待世界的方式。 ___________________________________________________ 【答案】I admire the way you look at the world. 2.没有人喜欢他解决问题的方式。 ___________________________________________________ 【答案】No one likes the way he solves problems. 知识点6: Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) ① as + 形容词/副词原级 + as 含义：和…… 一样…… 例句：Tom is as tall as Jack.汤姆和杰克一样高。 She runs as fast as her sister.她跑得和姐姐一样快。 否定形式：not as/so + 原级 + as 含义：不如…… 例句：He is not as/so careful as his brother.他不如他弟弟细心。 ②some...,others... 一些......, 其他的...... 不定代词 意义 用法 例句 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用。 We can find other ways to finish the task. 我们可以找到其他方法完成这项任务。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支笔，一支红色，另一支蓝色。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 Some students like music, others like sports. 一些学生喜欢音乐，另一些喜欢运动。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 There are 50 students. Ten are boys and the others are girls.共有50名学生，10个男生，其余都是女生。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 This shirt doesn’t fit me. Show me another. 这件衬衫不合身，给我看另外一件。 【即时小练】 1.When ________ door closes, ________ opens. We should be always hopeful about life. A．one; the other B．one; another C．the one; others D．other; the others 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门就会打开。我们应当永远对生活心怀希望。 one泛指“一扇 (门)”；the other特指两者中的另一个；another泛指三者及以上中的另一个；others/the others为复数代词，后不能直接接动词opens。句中门属于泛指、不限定总数，需用one搭配another。 2.In the park, some children are playing football, and ______ are flying kites. A．other B．others C．the other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在公园里，一些孩子正在踢足球，另一些正在放风筝。 other其他的；others其他人或物；the other另一个或其余的；another另一个。根据前半句“some children...”可知，此处考查固定搭配“some..., others...”意为“一些……，另一些……”，others相当于other children，可单独作主语，而other为形容词，后需接名词。应填others。 3.This coat is too small. Can you show me ________ one? A. other B. others C. another D. the other 【答案】C 【详解】商店里有很多衣服，三者及以上中的另外一件，用 another。 4.I have two dictionaries. One is Chinese, ______ is English. A. another B. the other C. others D. the others 答案：B 【详解】句子总数是两本词典。one…the other… 是固定搭配，专门用于两者范围：一个…… 另一个。 another 用于三者及以上；others/the others 为复数代词，后面谓语不能用 is。 5.Thirty students are in the classroom. Twelve are reading, ______ are writing. A. others B. the others C. other D. another 答案：B 【详解】全班一共 30 名学生，除去 12 人，特指剩余所有学生，用 the others=the other students。 others 泛指一部分，不代表全部；other 后面缺少名词；another 指代单数。 6.这座花园和那座花园一样漂亮。(中译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】This garden is as beautiful as that one. 【详解】本句含有 be 动词 is，中间使用形容词；beautiful（漂亮的，形容词）。两者程度相同，采用肯定结构 as…as。that one 指代 that garden，避免名词重复。 7.他跑步不如他哥哥快。(中译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】He doesn’t run so/as fast as his elder brother. 【详解】run 是实义动词，需要副词修饰；fast 既可作形容词也可作副词。句子为否定含义，选用 not so/as …as。 知识点7: About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) ①die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【辨析1】die out，die of， die from 短语 含义 使用场景 die out （动植物、风俗）灭绝，消亡 强调群体、物种整体消失 die of 因内部原因死亡 疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤die of illness / hunger / old age die from 因外部因素死亡 事故、外伤、环境污染等die from a traffic accident 【辨析2】die，dead，death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 【即时小练】 A.选词填空（die out, die of, die from） 1.Many wild animals will ________ if we don’t protect them. 【答案】die out 【详解】句意：如果我们不保护野生动物，许多野生动物将会灭绝。 will 为情态动词，后面必须接动词原形。die out 表示（物种、动植物）灭绝，本句主语 wild animals（野生动物），指种群逐渐消失，因此选用 die out。 2.That soldier ________ a serious wound（外伤）in the war. 【答案】died from 【详解】句意：那名士兵在战争中因重伤身亡。 wound 外伤属于外界因素。固定短语：die from 指死于外部原因（事故、外伤等）；战争发生在过去，使用一般过去时，die 过去式为 died，故填 died from。 3.Lots of people ________ the illness in that year. 【答案】died of 【详解】句意：那一年很多人死于这种疾病。 illness 疾病属于身体内在原因。固定短语：die of 指死于内在因素（疾病、饥饿、衰老等）；in that year（在那一年）表示过去时间，时态用一般过去时，填 died of。 B.选词填空（die，dead，death） 1.The tiger ________ ten years ago. 【答案】died 【详解】ten years ago 一般过去时，填动词 died。 2.I can’t believe the animal is ________. 【答案】dead 【详解】be 动词后接形容词 dead，表示 “死去的状态”。 3.The news of his ________ made all of us upset. 【答案】death 【详解】his 形容词性物主代词，后接名词 death。 知识点8：Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） ①句型结构分析：be sure + 连接代词 / 连接副词（what/when/where/why/how） be sure 后可承接由疑问词引导的宾语从句；语境清晰时，从句主干可省略，仅保留疑问词。 例句：We are not sure when.= We are not sure when the experiment will begin. ②completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 →complete adj. 完整的；v. 完成 【即时小练】 1.I am ________ (complete) ready for the coming test.(用所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：我已经完全准备好迎接即将到来的考试。修饰形容词 ready 需要副词。complete 是形容词 / 动词，副词形式 completely（完全地）。 2.Can you ________ (complete) the task before five o’clock?(用所给词适当形式填空) 【答案】complete 【详解】句意：你能在五点前完成这项任务吗？ 情态动词 can 后接动词原形；complete 此处作动词，意为 “完成”。 3.我不确定我们什么时候出发。(中译英) ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I am not sure when we will set off. 知识点9:However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils.然而，他们正通过研究恐龙化石来更多地了解恐龙。(教材P5) ①辨析 however和but 辨析 词性和用法 例句 however “然而”;转折意味较弱；位于句首、句中或句末，后面常用逗号隔开。 The work is hard. However, we can finish it on time.这份工作很难。然而，我们可以按时完成。 but “但是”;转折意味很强烈；位于分句的句首，后面不用逗号。 The task is difficult, but we will never give up.这项任务很难，但我们绝不会放弃。 ② by studying their fossils （通过研究它们的化石） 结构：by + doing sth 含义：通过做某事（方式、手段）。by 是介词，后面必须接名词、代词或动名词 (doing)，不可接动词原形。 例句：We improve English by reading.我们通过阅读提升英语。 【即时小练】 1．I went to visit him. I found, ______， that he wasn't at home. A．however B．but C．and D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我去看望他了，然而我发现他不在家。however然而，表示转折，是一个副词，后面常用逗号隔开；but但是，表示转折，是连词，后面不用逗号；and和，而且；so因此，所以。根据句意可知，两句话之间是转折的关系，且后面有逗号，故应选A。 2.You will make great progress by ________ every day. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising D. exercised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你可以通过每天锻炼取得巨大进步。介词 by 后接动名词，exercise 变动名词 exercising。 知识点10： They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 【即时小练】 1．The two pictures ________ each other, but they are not exactly the same. A．are related to B．go back a long way C．are similar to D．die out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这两张图片彼此相似，但它们不完全一样。 are related to与……相关；go back a long way有很长的历史；are similar to与……相似；die out灭绝。根据句中的转折连词“but”以及后半句“they are not exactly the same”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，既然“不完全一样”，说明前面应该是“相似”。故选C。 2.The ancient encyclopaedia ________ the modern one. Few contents are alike. A. is similar to B. is the same as C. is different from D. looks like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这本古老的百科全书与现代百科全书不一样，几乎没有内容相似。few contents are alike 几乎没有相似内容，因此选 is different from。 单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。 二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 用法详解： (1) 带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 Someone is knocking at the door.（肯定句）有人在敲门。 I don’t know anything about dinosaurs.（否定句）我对恐龙一无所知。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； Could you give me something to drink?你能给我来点喝的东西吗？ Would you like someone to help you?需要有人来帮你吗？ (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 Anyone can take part in this activity.任何人都可以参加这项活动。 You can choose anything you like.你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everything is ready for the trip.出行的一切准备就绪。 Nobody knows the secret.没有人知道这个秘密。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 Is there anybody else in the classroom?教室里还有其他人吗？ 【即时小练】 1．Please be quiet, I have ________ to tell you. A．new something B．something new C．new anything D．anything new 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请安静，我有件新鲜事要告诉你。 new something （错误表达：形容词不能放在不定代词前面）；something new某件新鲜事；new anything（双重错误：形容词前置 + 肯定句不用anything）；anything new（错误：anything不用于肯定陈述句）。形容词后置、肯定句用something，形容词修饰不定代词置于不定代词之后，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句，本句是一个肯定句，所以选B。 2．—If ________ calls, tell them I’m not at home. —Okay, I will do it this way. A．anything B．nothing C．none D．anyone 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——如果有人打电话来，告诉他们我不在家。——好的，我会这样做的。 anything任何事；nothing没有什么；none没有一个；anyone任何人。根据“tell them I’m not at home”可知，是指人打电话，应用指人的代词，且用于条件状语从句中表示“任何人”，anyone符合语境。 3．Running is getting popular. It is good for our body and it costs _______. A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something 【答案】A 【详解】句意：跑步正变得流行。它对我们的身体有益而且不需要花费任何东西。 nothing意为没有什么；everything意为一切；anything意为任何事物；something意为某物。结合常识，跑步这项运动不需要花钱，cost nothing表示无需花费，符合语境，因此此处填nothing，应选A。 4．—Would you like ________ milk in your coffee? —No, thanks! Black coffee is OK. A．some B．any C．much D．little 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你想要在你的咖啡里加一些牛奶吗？——不，谢谢！黑咖啡就可以了。 some一些；any任何；much许多；little极少。milk是不可数名词；“Would you like…?”表示委婉的建议或请求，希望得到肯定回答，疑问句中用some不用any。 5．—Did you find ________ useful on the website? —Yes, I found some learning materials for my math test. A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在网站上找到什么有用的东西了吗？——是的，我为数学考试找到了一些学习资料。 everything一切；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物，用于否定句或疑问句中；something某物，用于肯定句中。根据“Yes, I found some learning materials for my math test.”可知，问句询问对方是否找到了什么东西，A选项和B选项语义不符，排除；空处所在句式为一般疑问句，排除D，选用anything。 6．The light is on in the office. There must be ________ working late. A．anyone B．no one C．someone D．everyone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：办公室的灯亮着，一定有人在加班工作。 anyone任何人（多用于否定句、疑问句）；no one没人；someone某人（多用于肯定句）；everyone每个人。 根据前文“The light is on in the office.”可推断，肯定有某个人在加班，本句为肯定陈述句，因此用someone。 7.Everyone in our group ________ interested in ancient animals. A. are B. is C. were D. be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们小组里每个人都对古生物感兴趣。everyone 为复合不定代词，主语单数，be 动词选用 is。 8.—Did you learn ________ on your visit to Lingyang? —Of course. I learned a lot about how to make dried bean curd (豆腐干), a kind of traditional handmade food. A．something interesting B．something boring C．anything interesting D．anything boring 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你在灵阳的旅行中学到任何有趣的东西了吗？——当然。我学到了很多关于如何制作豆腐干的知识，这是一种传统的手工食品。 something interesting一些有趣的事；something boring一些无聊的事；anything interesting任何有趣的事；anything boring任何无聊的事。something多用于肯定句；anything多用于否定句、疑问句。 本句是一般疑问句Did you…，所以用anything。答句说学到很多做传统豆腐干的知识，说明是有趣的。形容词修饰不定代词要后置，此处用anything interesting，表示“有趣的事”，故填anything interesting。 9.I didn’t find anything special in today’s newspaper. (改为同义句) I ________ ________ special in today’s newspaper. 【答案】 found nothing 【详解】句意：我在今天的报纸里没有发现任何特别的内容。原句中anything用于否定句，改同义句时，使用nothing，nothing本身带有否定含义，句子谓语动词要变回肯定形式。 原句为一般过去时，find的过去式是found。 形容词位置：special修饰不定代词nothing，必须放在后面，即nothing special。 10.暑假你有没有体验过什么有意思的事？ Did you experience ________ ________ in the summer holiday? 【答案】 anything interesting 【详解】原句中“有意思的事”是关键词，表达暑假经历趣味事件的含义，英语中疑问句里泛指事物需用不定代词anything，形容词修饰不定代词需要后置，搭配形容词interesting体现有意思的语义，故填anything；interesting。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单词拼写 1．Amy is t________ in music and can play several instruments. 【答案】talented 【详解】句意：Amy在音乐方面很有天赋，会演奏好几种乐器。句中“be...in”是固定搭配结构，结合“会演奏好几种乐器”的语境及首字母为t可知，此处表达在某方面有天赋，talented“有天赋的”，符合语境。 2．Dinosaurs lived in the p________ period, long before people began to write history. 【答案】prehistoric 【详解】句意：恐龙生活在‌史前‌时期，远早于人类开始书写历史的阶段。句中修饰名词period需填入形容词，结合“早于人类有文字记载的历史”的语境及首字母p，prehistoric“史前的，有文字记载的历史以前的”完全契合语义，符合句子逻辑要求。 3．This magazine i________ many stories about history and science. 【答案】includes 【详解】句意：这本杂志包含许多关于历史和科学的故事。句子主语“This magazine”是第三人称单数，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；结合首字母“i”和语境，这里表示“包含”，应填includes。 4.These two pictures are closely r________ to each other. 【答案】related 【详解】句意：这两幅画彼此关联紧密。固定搭配 be related to 与…… 有关。 5．Peter is i________ enough to understand the question at once. 【答案】intelligent 【详解】句意：彼得足够聪明，能立刻理解这个问题。根据首字母提示和“understand the question at once”可知，此处表示彼得很聪明，能立刻理解问题。形容词intelligent“聪明的”符合语境。故填intelligent。 6．There were different kinds of d________ on Earth millions of years ago. 【答案】(d)inosaurs 【详解】句意：数百万年前，地球上有各种各样的恐龙。根据“There were different kinds of ... on Earth millions of years ago.”和首字母可知，数百万年前，地球上存在恐龙。dinosaur“恐龙”，可数名词，且由“different kinds of”可知应是复数形式。故填(d)inosaurs。 7．Drinking warm water can help reduce the s________ when you have a sore throat. 【答案】(s)uffering 【详解】句意：当你喉咙痛时，喝温水有助于减轻不适感。结合“have a sore throat”（喉咙痛）及首字母“s”提示，“suffering” 作名词时可表示“痛苦、不适感”。“reduce the suffering”符合“减轻喉咙痛”的语义，语法上也满足“reduce the+名词”的结构。因此“suffering”是合适的答案。故填(s)uffering。 8．My grandpa worked the w_________ morning and now he looks tired. 【答案】whole 【详解】句意：我爷爷工作了一整个上午，现在他看起来很累。根据首字母w及“now he looks tired”可知，看起来很累，说明忙碌了“整个上午”，对应形容词whole。“the whole+名词”为固定搭配，表“整个……”，符合语境和语法，故填whole。 9．Amy weighed three kilos at b_______. She grew to be much heavier. 【答案】(b)irth 【详解】句意：艾米出生时重三公斤。她长得更重了。根据首字母提示和“Amy weighed three kilos at...She grew to be much heavier.”可知，此处描述艾米出生时的体重，at birth“出生时”符合语境。故填(b)irth。 10．The d________ of his beloved pet made him very sad. 【答案】(d)eath 【详解】句意：他心爱的宠物的死让他非常伤心。根据“made him very sad”和首字母可推断这里表达的是宠物的“死”。death“死亡”，名词。故填(d)eath。 11．She divided the cake into several equal p________ and shared them with her friends. 【答案】(p)ieces 【详解】句意：她把蛋糕分成均等的几块，和朋友们一起共享。根据“shared them with her friends”及首字母p可知，把蛋糕切块才能与朋友分享，piece“块”，前有several，此处应用其复数形式。故填(p)ieces。 12．Molly is o________ a birthday party for her best friend Tina. 【答案】organizing 【详解】句意：莫利正在为她最好的朋友蒂娜筹备一场生日派对。根据“Molly is...a birthday party for her best friend Tina.”可知，莫利正为她的好朋友筹备一场生日派对，organize意为“组织，筹备”，动词，符合语境；再根据空前的is可知，需要使用现在进行时，要将organize改为现在分词形式organizing。故填organizing。 13．The young a________ painted a picture of his hometown. 【答案】artist 【详解】句意：这位年轻艺术家画了一幅他家乡的画。句子后半部分“painted a picture”（画了一幅画）暗示主语与“绘画”相关，artist“艺术家”，符合“年轻艺术家创作家乡主题画作”的语境；此处特指“这位年轻艺术家”，故用单数形式。 14．Jack is very a________. He often creates beautiful paintings. 【答案】artistic 【详解】句意：杰克很有艺术天赋。他经常创作出精美的画作。句中be动词后需接形容词作表语，结合“创作精美画作”的语境及首字母a，artistic“有艺术天赋的、富有艺术创造力的”完全契合语义，符合句子逻辑。 15．I always carry a n________ to write down new English words. 【答案】notebook 【详解】句意：我总是带着笔记本记下新英语单词。根据“write down new English words”及首字母n提示可知，此处应用可数名词notebook，表示“笔记本”，前有不定冠词a修饰，所以用名词单数。 16．This copy is different from the o________ one. 【答案】original 【详解】句意：这个副本和原版不一样。固定搭配the original one表示“原本的、原版的”，结合首字母o，original符合语境。 17．The room became c________ dark after the lights went out. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：灯熄灭后，房间变得完全漆黑。此处需用副词修饰形容词dark。根据“after the lights went out”和首字母可知，灯熄灭后房间彻底变得漆黑。completely“完全地”，修饰形容词dark，表示房间完全漆黑的状态。 18.P________ Tom is late because he missed the bus. 【答案】Perhaps 【详解】句意：‌也许‌汤姆迟到了，因为他错过了公交车。句中需要填入副词来修饰整个句子，结合“错过公交车导致迟到”的推测语境及首字母P，Perhaps“也许、可能”符合语义逻辑。 19.I bought some new shoes which are very s________ to a pair I had before. 【答案】similar 【详解】句意：我买了一些新鞋，它们和我以前的一双鞋很相似。结合首字母s和句意，此处为固定短语be similar to，意为“与……相似”。similar是形容词，意为“相似的”，在句中作表语。 20.The scientist wanted to r________ all information about dinosaurs. 【答案】record 【详解】句意：这位科学家想要记录所有关于恐龙的资料。结合首字母 r，want to 后接动词原形。record 此处作动词，意为 “记录”。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．The old bridge was ________ blue. (complete) 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：这座旧桥完全是蓝色的。句中“blue”为形容词，此处需用副词修饰形容词。complete的副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”，修饰形容词blue，表示“完全是蓝色的”。 2．The robot showed surprising ________ when it solved the difficult problem. (intelligent) 【答案】intelligence 【详解】句意：当这个机器人解决这个难题时，它展现出了惊人的智能。intelligent意为“智能的”，是形容词。showed后接名词作宾语，名词形式是intelligence，是不可数名词。 3．This dictionary ________ (include) thousands of daily English words. 【答案】includes 【详解】句意：这本词典包含数千个日常英语单词。include意为“包含”，是动词，在句中作谓语部分；句子描述的是客观存在的事实，应用一般现在时；主语“This dictionary”表示单数意义，因此include应用单三形式includes。 4．He hardly eats ________(something) in the morning, but just drinks a glass of water. 【答案】anything 【详解】句意：他早上几乎不吃任何东西，只喝一杯水。something常用于肯定句中，而句中的hardly表示“几乎不”，为否定含义，在否定句中应使用anything。 5．The ________ (invent) of the flying machine changed people’s ideas about travel. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：飞行器的发明改变了人们对于出行的看法。空格前有定冠词The，空格后有介词of，此处需要填入名词作句子主语；括号内invent是动词意为“发明”，其对应的表示“发明（物/行为）”的名词形式为invention，此句表示“飞行器”这一类事物的发明，是单一概念，用单数即可。 6．Scientists are still studying how dinosaurs ________ (die) out millions of years ago. 【答案】died 【详解】句意：科学家们仍在研究数百万年前恐龙是如何灭绝的。 句中“millions of years ago”是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，说明恐龙灭绝这件事发生在过去，从句谓语动词die要使用过去式；die的过去式为died。 7.Lucy was one of the main ________ of the school book fair. (organize) 【答案】organizers 【详解】句意：露西是学校书展的主要组织者之一。空格前是“one of the main”，需填复数名词（“one of +复数名词”表示“……之一”），“organizers”是“organize”的名词复数形式，语法完全匹配。 8.I don’t have ________ (some) new information about the artist. 【答案】any 【详解】句意：关于这位艺术家，我没有任何新消息。根据句意和否定结构“don’t have”可知，此处应使用any，表示“一些，任何”。 9．My cousin is ________ (talent) and I am proud of her. 【答案】talented 【详解】句意：我的表姐很有才华，我以她为傲。空格前is为be动词，空格处可填写形容词充当表语，talent的形容词为talented。 10.The ________ (edit) of the first modern encyclopaedias organized entries in alphabetical order. 【答案】editors 【详解】句意：首批现代百科全书的编辑们将词条按字母顺序编排。括号内edit是动词，意为“编辑”，此处作句子主语，需要变为指人的名词editor；后文的encyclopaedias为复数，说明是多名编辑，因此用复数形式editors。 三、语法选择 For years, it has been said that newspapers are at death’s door. Each of the past few years has seen many newspapers say goodbye to their readers. But why is the situation so terrible for newspapers? Newspapers have a long history. The first newspaper was printed in 1 1600s. The industry witnessed 2 most successful periods in the early 20th century. With the appearance of radio and TV, however, newspaper circulation began to fall. By the mid-20th century, radio and TV had become so popular that people no longer had to rely on newspapers for news. This was especially true for breaking news. Afternoon newspapers were the first to suffer. People coming home from work increasingly turned on the TV, rather than open a newspaper. But generally, newspapers still managed to survive. 3 they couldn’t compete with TV in terms of delivering the latest news, they could provide in-depth reports that TV news could not. But newspapers suffered 4 heavier blow in the 1990s. With the appearance of the internet, 5 information became free. Many newspaper readers realized that they could 6 read news online for free. There seemed to be little reason any longer for them 7 for a newspaper subscription. So what does the future hold? Will newspapers die, just like cassettes and typewriters? Maybe not. Now, many newspapers 8 . Some are going digital. Some are going even 9 by taking the industry to places it has never been to. After all, people still want the news. And many agree that newspapers are an important source of in-depth news and ideas. If newspapers were to entirely disappear, there would be 10 to take their place. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．it B．its C．it’s D．itself 3．A．Although B．Because C．If D．Unless 4．A．other B．the other C．another D．others 5．A．large number of B．large numbers of C．large amount of D．large amounts of 6．A．inconvenient B．convenient C．convenience D．conveniently 7．A．to pay B．paying C．paid D．to paying 8．A．change B．are changing C．changed D．will change 9．A．far B．more far C．farther D．the farthest 10．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文探讨了报纸行业面临的挑战，从历史辉煌到受电视和互联网冲击的衰落，最后指出数字化转型可能是其未来出路。 【详解】 1．句意：第一份报纸印刷于17世纪。 a一个，表示泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表示泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表示特指；/零冠词。根据“1600s”可知，此处指17世纪，需用定冠词the。故选C。 2．句意：该行业在20世纪初经历了它最成功的时期。 it它，主格；its它的，形容词性物主代词；it’s它是；itself它自己，反身代词。空处修饰名词“periods”，需用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 3．句意：尽管它们无法在传递最新消息方面与电视竞争，但它们能提供电视新闻做不到的深度报道。 Although尽管；Because因为；If如果；Unless除非。前后句为让步关系，尽管报纸无法在传递最新消息方面与电视竞争，但在深度上可以，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 4．句意：但报纸在20世纪90年代遭受了另一次更大的冲击。 other其他的，后接可数名词复数；the other两者中另一个；another另一个，后接可数名词单数；others其他人/物，后不接名词。根据“With the appearance of radio and TV, however, newspaper circulation began to fall.”和“With the appearance of the internet”可知，前文提到电视冲击，此处指互联网的又一次打击。空后为单数可数名词“blow”，用another修饰，表示泛指的又一个冲击。故选C。 5．句意：随着互联网出现，大量信息变得免费。 large number of结构错误，前面缺少a；large numbers of大量的，修饰可数名词复数；large amount of结构错误，前面缺少a；large amounts of大量的，修饰不可数名词。“information”为不可数名词，用large amounts of修饰。故选D。 6．句意：许多报纸读者意识到他们能方便地免费在线阅读新闻。 inconvenient不方便的，形容词；convenient方便的，形容词；convenience便利，名词；conveniently方便地，副词。空处修饰动词“read”需用副词。故选D。 7．句意：他们似乎再没什么理由去支付报纸订阅费了。 to pay支付，动词不定式；paying支付，动名词；paid支付，动词过去式；to paying支付，to+动名词。there be little reason for sb to do sth“没有什么理由让某人做某事”，空处填动词不定式，作后置定语。故选A。 8．句意：现在许多报纸正在改变。 change改变，动词原形；are changing正在改变，现在进行时结构；changed改变，动词过去式；will change将改变，一般将来时结构。根据“Now”，可知，此句时态为现在进行时，表示动作正在进行，结构为am/is/are doing。故选B。 9．句意：有些甚至走得更远，将行业带到从未涉足的领域。 far远，副词原级；more far错误搭配；farther更远，副词比较级；the farthest最远，the+副词最高级。“even”修饰比较级，空处填副词比较级修饰动词“going”。故选C。 10．句意：如果报纸完全消失，将没有什么能取代它们。 something某物；everything一切；anything任何事物；nothing没有东西。根据“And many agree that newspapers are an important source of in-depth news and ideas.”可知，由于报纸是深度新闻和思想的重要来源，没有什么能代替报纸。故选D。 四、阅读理解 An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books. It contains valuable information on many different subjects, or it can focus deeply on one subject. For over 2,000 years, encyclopaedias have summarized human knowledge to help people learn. The word “encyclopaedia” comes from ancient Greek words meaning “all-round education”. At first, it described a complete system of learning. A German writer, Paul Scalich, was the first to use “encyclopaedia” as the actual title for a book in 1559. Before that, these books often had creative names or were simply called “dictionaries”. Denis Diderot later made “encyclopaedia” more popular with his well-known French “Encyclopédie”. The meaning of “encyclopaedia” has changed greatly. Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information. They cover many various topics, including biographies of important people, both in the past and at present. Many experts write these articles, and skilled editors carefully put them together. However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people. Arranging topics alphabetically or using languages other than Latin took many years to become very common. Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times. Even old encyclopaedias are valuable because they contain writings from many great thinkers and leaders, showing how our understanding of the world has greatly grown. 1．What is the main purpose of an encyclopaedia? A．To replace formal education systems. B．To advertise new scientific discoveries. C．To entertain readers with creative stories. D．To summarize human knowledge for learning. 2．How did early encyclopaedias differ from modern ones? A．They focused only on science. B．They were always written in Latin. C．They often didn’t have illustrations. D．They never covered multiple subjects. 3．What does the underlined word “index” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．索引 B．封皮 C．脚注 D．标题 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (①Modern features     ②Definition     ③Value     ④Past features     ⑤History) A．②→⑤→①→④→③ B．⑤→②→④→①→③ C．②→①→⑤→③→④ D．①→⑤→②→④→③ 5．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A fiction novel about Greek scholars. B．A museum guidebook about ancient books. C．A newspaper article on modern technology. D．An educational magazine on knowledge tools. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了百科全书的历史、定义、现代特征及其价值。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book… to help people learn.”可知，百科全书的主要目的是总结人类知识以供学习。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，与现代百科全书相比，早期版本常缺少插图。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“an index to help find information”可知，“index”的功能帮助查找信息，所以index意为“索引”。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据“An encyclopaedia is a useful special reference book, or a set of books.”可知，第一段介绍百科全书的定义，②排第一；根据“The word ‘encyclopaedia’ comes from ancient Greek words meaning ‘all-round education’.”可知，第二段介绍百科全书的历史，⑤排第二；根据“Today, people usually think of a large set of books. These books often include maps, pictures, and an index to help find information.”可知，第三段介绍现代百科全书的特征，①排第三；根据“However, encyclopaedias weren’t always exactly like this. In the past, some were just a single book written by one person, while others were indeed huge sets. They didn’t always have illustrations or information about living people.”可知，第四段介绍过去百科全书的特征，④排第四；根据“Encyclopaedias can cover all knowledge or focus on specific broad areas, like history or science. They are important because they record what people knew at different specific times.”可知，最后一段介绍百科全书的价值，③排第五。故选A。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了百科全书的相关内容，包括其历史、定义、特征及其价值，所以文章有可能出自一本关于知识工具的教育杂志。故选D。 五、语法填空 The giant panda is a national treasure of China. It is famous 1 a living fossil. Most pandas have black-and-white fur. They look very cute and have higher 2 (intelligent) than many animals. They can follow the zookeepers’ 3 (instruction) without difficulty. That’s why almost everyone 4 (like) them. Giant pandas love eating bamboo best. But they also enjoy other food, including birds, fish 5 some small animals. A panda at 6 (born) only weighs about 120 grams, while a grown-up panda’s weight can rise up to about 120 kilograms. Wild giant pandas live in cool and wet bamboo forests of central and western China, high up in the mountains. They show great ability to climb trees from 7 early age. The living giant panda was 8 (one) found in Sichuan by a Frenchman. Because giant pandas were in danger of 9 (die) out, they were on the list of the endangered species. Luckily, in 2016, 10 (science) changed the level of giant pandas on the list. It’s China’s success in rebuilding bamboo forests. 【答案】 1．as 2．intelligence 3．instructions 4．likes 5．and 6．birth 7．an 8．first 9．dying 10．scientists 【导语】本文主要介绍了大熊猫。 1．句意：大熊猫作为活化石而闻名。根据“The giant panda is a national treasure of China. It is famous … a living fossil.”可知，大熊猫作为活化石而闻名，be famous as意为“作为……而闻名”。故填as。 2．句意：它们看起来很可爱，而且有比很多动物更高的智力。根据“have higher”结合提示词可知，此处应用intelligence“智力”，名词作宾语。故填intelligence。 3．句意：它们可以毫无困难地听从动物园管理员的指示。instruction意为“指示”，可数名词，此处应用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填instructions。 4．句意：这就是为什么几乎每个人都喜欢它们。此句时态为一般现在时，主语everyone为不定代词，因此动词应用三单形式。故填likes。 5．句意：但它们也喜欢其他食物，包括鸟类、鱼类和一些小动物。根据“birds, fish … some small animals”可知，此处表示并列关系，因此应用and“和”。故填and。 6．句意：一只熊猫出生时只有大约120克重，而一只成年熊猫的体重可达约120千克。at birth意为“在出生时”，为固定短语，符合语境。故填birth。 7．句意：他们从小就展现出了出色的攀树能力。from an early age意为“从很小的时候”，符合语境。故填an。 8．句意：这只活体大熊猫是法国人首次在四川发现的。根据“The living giant panda was … found in Sichuan”结合语境可知，此处指最先被发现，应用first。故填first。 9．句意：由于大熊猫有灭绝的危险，它们被列入濒危物种的名单。of是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填dying。 10．句意：幸运的是，2016年，科学家们改变了大熊猫在名单中的等级。根据语境可知，此处表示“科学家”，空前无限定词，因此应用名词复数形式。故填scientists。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $