Unit 1 Look it up!-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（沪教版）

U1 Look it up! 语法专项 章 语法概览 女some/any;不定代词somebody,anybody,.nobody等 章 语法精讲精练一 1.some和any的基本用法（中考高频） 用法类别 some any 肯定句 常用，表示“一些”或“某个” 不常用，但可用于肯定句表示“任何” (强调任意一个) 否定句 不用（改为any) 常用，表示“任何（一些）” 疑问句 用于请求、建议、邀请或期望肯定回答 用于一般疑问句，表示“一些”或“任 时 何” 条件句 可用 常用 修饰名词 可数名词复数/不可数名词 同左 核心考点： 疑问句中用some的情况： √Would you like some coffee?（邀请) √Can I have some water?(请求) /Are there some books on the desk?（(期望肯定回答) 否定句中必须用any: √Idon't have any money. 任何情况下ay都可用于肯定句表示“任何”： √Any student can answer this question.(任何学生都能回答) 易错辨析： 句子 含义 是否合理 I have some 我有一些苹果。（肯定句，正确) apples. I don't have 我没有一些苹果。（否定句用some, some apples. 错误) Do you have 你有一些苹果吗？ (一 般疑问句，正 any apples? 确) Do you have 你有一些苹果吗？ (期望肯定回答时可 √（特殊） some apples? 用) 2.不定代词(somebody,,anybody,,nobody,something,anything,nothing等) 不定代词 意思 用法要点 somebody/ 常用于肯定句：疑问句中表示请求/建 某人 someone 议/期望肯定回答 anybody 任何人（否定句/疑问句）：任何人 否定句：没有人；疑问句：有人吗？： anyone (肯定句) 肯定句：任何人 本身含否定意义，谓语用单数：不与否 nobody/no one 没有人 定词连用 something 某物/某事 同somebody的用法 任何事物（否定/疑问）；任何事物 anything 同anybody的用法 (肯定) 本身含否定意义，谓语用单数；不与否 nothing 没有什么 定词连用 everybody 每个人 指所有人，谓语用单数 everyone everything 每件事/一切 谓语用单数 核心考点： 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式： Somebody is waiting for you. Nothing is impossible 形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词后置： I have something important to do. There is nothing special in the box 不定代词与of连用时，需拆分为some of/any of/none of等，且后面接名词/代词复数 (但谓语仍用单数或复数取决于of后的名词)： Some of the students are from China None of the water is clean. nobody/nothing已经表示否定，句中不能再有否定词（如not): X I don't know nobody.(错误) Idom't know anybody..（正确)或I know nobody.（正确) 常用固定搭配： 搭配 含义 例句 something/ anything 后置定语 I need something cold. nothing+形容 词 somebody anybody 别的人 Is there anybody else? nobody else anything everything but 除了…之外什么都/都 He eats anything but vegetables. … nothing but... 仅仅，只有 There is nothing but a book. 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） ①some vs any在疑问句中的选择 疑问句类型 用some的条件 例句 一般疑问句 (请求/建议/ 期待对方肯定回答 Would you like some tea? 邀请) 般疑问句 无特殊期待 Do you have any friends? (普通询问) 陈述部分有some时，疑问部分用 反意疑问句 any的对应形式 There are some apples,aren't there? ②不定代词与否定结构 none/nobody/nothing是完全否定；not any也是完全否定，但结构不同： √There is nobody in the room.(完全否定，相当于There isn't anybody.) /I have nothing to say.（完全否定，相当于I don't have anything to say.) not..any与no的转换： /I don't have any time.=I have no time. There aren't any people.=There are no people. ③不定代词与形容词位置 口诀：不定代词+形容词（形容词永远在后面） √something new √anyone famous √nothing difficult ④复合不定代词与evey系列 系列 意思 用法 everybody(每个人)，everything(每 every- 每一个（强调全体） 件事)，everywhere(每个地方) some- 些（不确定) somebody,something,somewhere any- 任何（否定/疑问/肯定） anybody,anything,anywhere n0- 没有（否定） nobody,nothing,nowhere 易错点：everybody和everyone相同，但everyone不能与of连用（某人说everyone of是错 误，应为every one of)。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.Would you like coffee? A.some B.any C.many D.a 2.There isn't milk in the fiidge.Let's go to buy some. A.some B.any C.no D.many 3. is waiting for you at the school gate. A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Something 4.I have important to tell you.Please listen carefully. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 5.-Did you see in the classroom? A.anybody,nobody B.somebody;anybody C.anybody;somebody D.nobody,somebody 6.This box is empty.There is inside A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 7. knows the answer to the question,because it's too difficult. A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Everybody 8.I have questions to ask.Can you help me? A.some B.any C.no D.much 9.The old man lives alone,so he has to talk with. A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.everyone 10.-Can I have water?I'm thirsty.-Sure,here you are. A.some B.any C.a D.many (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Yesterday was a special day.1. (some/any)unexpected things happened.In the morning,I saw 2. (somebody /anybody)standing near the gate.At first,I thought it was my neighbor,but when I went closer,I found it was 3. (nobody /anybody)I knew.The person said 4. (something/anything)to me,but I couldn't hear clearly. Later,I went to the supermarket.There were 5. (some/any)new fruits on the shelf.I wanted to buy 6. (something/anything)special for my mom.However,I didn't have 7. (some/ any)money with me.So I had to go back home and take my wallet In the evening,I received a message:"Is there 8. (somebody /anybody)who can help me?I need 9 (some/any)help."It was from my friend Tom.He said 10. (nothing something)was wrong with his computer.So I went to his house and fixed it. What a busy but meaningful day! (三)完成句子 1.冰箱里没有什么食物了。There is in the fridge. 2.有人正在敲门。 is knocking at the door. 3.你有什么要说的吗？Do you have to say? 4.她今天没有做任何有意义的事。She didn'tdo today. 5.所有学生都参加了这次活动。 of the students took part in the activity 6.在这个世界上，没有什么是完美的。 is perfect in this world. 7.他想要一些水，但是杯子里没有水。He wants water.but there is water in the cup 8任何人都不可能不犯错误。 can avoid making mistakes 9.你能给我一些建议吗？（请求语气）Can you give me advice? 10.这个盒子里除了旧书什么也没有。There is old books in this box. 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.C;8.A9.C;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.Some 2.somebody ;3.nobody 4.something 5.some 6.something 7.any 填空 8.anybody 9.some 10.something 1.nothing much /nothing left 2.Somebody /Someone 3.anything important (三)完成 4.anything meaningful 5.All 6.Nothing 7.some;no 8.Nobody No one 句子 9.some 10.nothing but