Unit 6 限制性定语从句能力提升训练（语法讲解+分层精练）2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“概念-规则-应用”为逻辑主线，通过分层训练系统构建限制性定语从句解题方法体系，强化关系代词指代与句法功能的精准运用，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|5大模块（含8课本原句）|关系代词指代规则、省略条件、主谓一致、选用边界|从定语与定语从句区别切入，推导who/which/that指代对象与句法功能，拓展易混点与易错点| |基础过关篇|3题型（填空/单选/句型转换）|先行词分类判断、成分分析（主/宾语）|通过基础题巩固关系代词基本用法，建立“先行词-关系代词-从句成分”对应思维| |能力提升篇|2题型（合并句子/完成句子）|指定关系代词运用、从句时态匹配|训练复杂语境下从句构建能力，强化that特殊用法（不定代词/最高级修饰等）| |中考对接篇|5道中考真题|考点预判（如序数词修饰用that）|直接对接中考高频考点，培养解题策略与思维品质|

译林新版九年级上册 Unit 6 限制性定语从句能力提升训练 语法讲解+分层精练 · 语法讲解 本单元核心语法为限制性定语从句（Defining relative clauses），重点掌握关系代词 who / which / that 的指代规则与句法功能，以下是基于课本内容的完整语法拆解与拓展讲解。 一、限制性定语从句基础概念 1. 定语与定语从句的区别 单个形容词可直接修饰名词，放在名词前作定语： a great calligrapher 一位伟大的书法家 a beautiful painting 一幅精美的画作 当需要用完整句子来限定、描述名词的具体所指时，这个修饰句子就叫做定语从句。 例：A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing beautifully with a brush. （书法家就是用毛笔优美书写的人。） 2. 限制性定语从句的定义与特点 作用：对前面的名词进行限定、明确指代范围，是主句不可缺少的成分；去掉从句后，主句表意会模糊、不完整。 形式：从句紧跟在被修饰名词之后，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。 核心结构： 先行词（被修饰的名词 / 代词） + 关系代词 + 从句剩余部分 先行词：定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词，永远位于定语从句之前（对应课本 Work out the rule 答案：before）。 关系代词：连接主句与从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当句子成分（主语、宾语等）。 二、核心关系代词用法详解 本单元重点学习 who、which、that 三个关系代词，三者指代对象、句法功能有明确区分，具体如下： 1. who 指代对象：只能指代人（people） 从句成分：可作主语、宾语 课本原句示例： The person who painted this landscape is very talented. （who 指代 the person，在从句中作主语） There are many fun stories about great calligraphers who lived in ancient China. （who 指代 great calligraphers，在从句中作主语） Wang Xizhi was the famous calligrapher who used to wash his brushes in a pond. （who 指代 the famous calligrapher，在从句中作主语） 2. which 指代对象：只能指代事物 / 物体（things） 从句成分：可作主语、宾语 课本原句示例： It is a form of writing which dates back over 3,000 years. （which 指代 a form of writing，在从句中作主语） 3. that 指代对象：使用范围最广，既可以指代人，也可以指代物（people and things） 从句成分：可作主语、宾语 课本原句示例： Calligraphy is an art form that is very popular in China. （that 指代 an art form，指物，在从句中作主语） The painting that I loved the most in the museum was by Claude Monet. （that 指代 the painting，指物，在从句中作宾语） His family couldn't afford the things that he needed for calligraphy. （that 指代 the things，指物，在从句中作宾语） There are many famous works by calligraphers that lived a long time ago. （that 指代 calligraphers，指人，在句中作主语） 三、进阶规则：关系代词的省略与主谓一致 1. 关系代词的省略规则（初中高频考点） 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，who / which / that 都可以省略（口语、书面语中均常见）。 课本例句验证： The painting (that) I loved the most was by Claude Monet. The things (that) he needed for calligraphy were very cheap. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，绝对不能省略。 错：A calligrapher is someone practises the art of writing. 对：A calligrapher is someone who practises the art of writing. 2. 从句的主谓一致 定语从句的谓语动词单复数，由先行词的单复数决定，而非关系代词本身。 例 1：The artist who creates the work is very creative. （先行词 the artist 是单数，从句谓语用 creates） 例 2：The paintings which are on show are from France. （先行词 the paintings 是复数，从句谓语用 are） 四、易混点：that 与 which /who 的选用边界 1. 修饰物时，只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况 先行词是不定代词（all, something, anything, nothing, everything, much, little 等） 例：Everything that you see in the museum has a long history. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 例：This is the most amazing artwork that I have ever seen. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 例：This is the only brush that he used for the work. 先行词同时包含人和物 例：The painter and his works that we talked about are famous worldwide. 2. 修饰人时，优先用 who 不用 that 的情况 先行词是 anyone, those, one (s) 等泛指人的代词 例：Those who love traditional art can join the club. there be 句型中，先行词为人时 例：There is an old calligrapher who lives in this town. 五、常见易错点提醒 1. 成分重复错误：关系代词已经在从句中充当成分，从句内不能再出现指代它的代词。 错：The painting that I loved it is by Van Gogh. 对：The painting that I loved is by Van Gogh. 2. 标点错误：限制性定语从句和主句之间不能加逗号，加逗号则为非限制性定语从句（本单元不涉及）。 3. 主谓不一致：忽略先行词单复数，导致从句谓语形式错误。 · 能力提升精练 基础过关篇 一、选用适当的关系代词填空（每词限用两次） 备选词：who, which, that 1. The calligrapher _________ practices writing every day has won many prizes. 2. The painting _________ you saw in the hall was created by Xu Beihong. 3. This is the most wonderful artwork _________ I have ever seen. 4. The girl _________ is wearing a red dress loves Chinese ink painting very much. 5. The brush _________ is made of animal hair feels soft and smooth. 6. Those _________ are interested in calligraphy can join the school club. 7. The things _________ we need for the art class are ink, paper and brushes. 8. The famous artist _________ we met yesterday will give us a speech. 二、单项选择 1. The man _________ gave us a talk on traditional painting is a famous artist. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2. This is the best calligraphy work _________ has been shown in the museum this year. A. which B. who C. that D. / 3. —What are you looking for? —The book about Chinese paintings _________ my deskmate lent me last week. A. who B. what C. it D. / 4. The story about Wang Xizhi _________ we heard yesterday is very interesting. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 5. There are many works of art in the museum _________ were created by great masters. A. who B. that C. what D. when 三、句型转换（每空一词，合并为含定语从句的复合句） 1. The girl is my classmate. She is good at drawing horses. The girl _________ _________ good at drawing horses is my classmate. 2. The Spring Festival couplets are very beautiful. Sandy wrote them. The Spring Festival couplets _________ Sandy _________ are very beautiful. 3. The art show is wonderful. It is taking place at Sunshine Museum. The art show _________ _________ taking place at Sunshine Museum is wonderful. 能力提升篇 一、用括号内指定的关系代词，将下列每组句子合并为一句（注意大小写和标点） 1. The old man is a famous calligrapher. He lives in the countryside. (who) 2. The techniques are quite creative. The artist uses them to paint people. (which) 3. I have a friend. Her hobby is collecting ancient paintings. (whose) 4. We will visit the art exhibition. It will be held next month. (that) 5. The young painter has a lot of works. They are popular with young people. (which) 二、完成句子（每空一词） 1. 那些擅长工笔画的画家通常需要大量的耐心。 Those painters _________ are good at gongbi usually need a lot of patience. 2. 我最喜欢的那幅画是徐悲鸿的《春山十骏图》。 The painting _________ I like _________ is Xu Beihong's Ten Horses in Spring Mountains. 3. 王羲之是一位在中国古代非常有名的书法家。 Wang Xizhi was a calligrapher _________ _________ very famous in ancient China. 4. 我们在博物馆里看到的那些作品有着悠久的历史。 The works _________ we _________ in the museum have a long history. 中考对接篇 1. —Have you heard of the painting Starry Night? —Sure. It's the famous work _________ was painted by Vincent van Gogh. A. who B. which C. what D. whom 2. The first thing _________ we should do is to learn about the four treasures of the study. A. which B. that C. who D. / 3. I love the characters _________ are written by the great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. A. who B. what C. which D. whose 4. —What kind of books do you like? —I like the books _________ introduce traditional Chinese art. A. who B. whose C. that D. what 5. The person _________ you talked with just now is our art teacher. A. which B. what C. whose D. / 参考答案与解析 基础过关篇 一、选用适当的关系代词填空 1. who/that 解析：先行词 calligrapher 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用 who/that。 2. which/that 解析：先行词 painting 指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用 which/that，也可省略。 3. that 解析：先行词被形容词最高级 the most wonderful 修饰，指物时只能用 that。 4. who/that 解析：先行词 girl 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用 who/that。 5. which/that 解析：先行词 brush 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，可用 which/that。 6. who 解析：先行词是泛指人的代词 those，优先用 who。 7. which/that 解析：先行词 things 指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用 which/that。 8. who/that 解析：先行词 artist 指人，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可用 who/that，也可省略。 二、单项选择 1. B 解析：先行词 the man 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who。 2. C 解析：先行词被形容词最高级 the best 修饰，指物时只能用 that；且关系代词作主语不能省略。 3. D 解析：先行词 the book 指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略，因此不填。 4. A 解析：先行词 the story 指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用 which。 5. B 解析：先行词 works of art 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 that。 三、句型转换 1. who/that is 解析：先行词 the girl 指人，关系代词作主语，从句谓语与先行词单复数一致。 2. which/that; wrote 解析：先行词 couplets 指物，关系代词作宾语，从句保持一般过去时。 3. which/that is 解析：先行词 the art show 指物，关系代词作主语，从句谓语用单数。 能力提升篇 一、合并句子 1. The old man who lives in the countryside is a famous calligrapher. 解析：who 指代 the old man，在从句中作主语，从句紧跟先行词之后。 2. The techniques which the artist uses to paint people are quite creative. 解析：which 指代 the techniques，在从句中作宾语，从句语序为陈述语序。 3. I have a friend whose hobby is collecting ancient paintings. 解析：先行词在从句中作定语，关系词用whose。 4. We will visit the art exhibition that will be held next month. 解析：that 指代 the art exhibition，在从句中作主语，从句保持将来时被动语态。 5. The young painter has a lot of works which are popular with young people. 解析：which 指代 works，在从句中作主语，从句谓语与先行词复数一致。 二、完成句子 1. who/that 解析：先行词 painters 指人，关系代词作主语，用 who/that。 2. which/that; best 解析：先行词 painting 指物，关系代词作宾语；like best 表示 “最喜欢”。 3. who/that was 解析：先行词 calligrapher 指人，关系代词作主语；“古代” 为过去时间，用一般过去时。 4. which/that; saw 解析：先行词 works 指物，关系代词作宾语；“看到” 为过去动作，用一般过去时。 中考对接篇 1. B 解析：先行词 work 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 which。 2. B 解析：先行词被序数词 the first 修饰，指物时只能用 that；关系代词作主语不能省略。 3. C 解析：先行词 characters 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 which。 4. C 解析：先行词 books 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 that。 5. D 解析：先行词 the person 指人，关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略，因此不填。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $