Unit 1 Nature in the balance（三）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（译林版）

Unit 1 Nature in the balance 教材全解（三） shark spring to mind whale deer track habitat 。单元核心词汇 nowhere dolphin resident chief committee entirely smog get rid of protest 。单元同步语法 状语从句综合 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.track /traek/vt.&vi.跟踪，追踪；n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 词形变化：tracker.)追踪者；trackless(adj.)无踪迹的 搭配：track down追查到；keep track of掌握…的动向；lose track of失去… 的线索；on the right track思路正确 辨析：track侧重“追踪痕迹或路线”；follow泛指“跟随”；tail强调“暗中跟 踪” Scientists track the movements of wild animals to study their habits. The police tracked the thief to a hidden house. 2.habitat/'habrtaet/n.生活环境，栖息地 词形变化：habitation(n.)居住；居住地；inhabit(v.)居住于；inhabitant(n.)居 民 搭配：natural habitat自然栖息地；destroy one's habitat破坏栖息地；habitat loss 栖息地丧失 辨析：habitat指动植物自然栖息地；environment范围更广，包括自然环境和社会 环境 The destruction of forests threatens many animals'natural habitats. Protecting the habitat of endangered species is a top priority. 3.nowhere/neuwea(r)/adv.无处，哪里都不 词形变化：nowhere(还可作n.）不存在的地方 搭配：nowhere to be found哪儿都找不到；get nowhere毫无进展；nowhere near 远非，差得远 辨析：nowhere表示“任何地方都不”；somewhere某个地方；everywhere到处 例句：The lost hikers had nowhere to stay for the night. All this effort will get us nowhere if we don't have a plan. 4.chief/ti:fn.首领，最高领导人；adj.主要的；首席的 词形变化：chiefly(adv.)主要地；chieftain(n.)酋长，首领 搭配：chief executive(CE)首席执行官；chief concern主要担忧；in chief主要 地，尤其 辨析：chief强调“职位最高或最重要”；main侧重“最主要的部分或因素”； major指“较大的、较重要的” 例句：The chief of the tribe made an important decision. One of the chief reasons for the failure was poor communication. 5.committee/ke'mrti/n.委员会 词形变化：committee member委员会成员；subcommittee小组委员会 搭配：on the committee在委员会中；committee meeting委员会会议；foma committee成立委员会 辨析：committee指由一群人组成的委员会；commission常指官方委任的委员会或 调查团 例句：The committee voted to approve the new policy. She serves on the school safety committee. 6.entirely /in'tareli/adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 词形变化：entire(adj.)完整的；entirety(n.)全部，整体 搭配：entirely different完全不同；entirely up to you完全由你决定；not entirely 不完全 辨析：entirely强调“无一例外”；completely语气相近；totally多用于口语 例句：The project was entirely funded by private donations. I am not entirely convinced by his argument. 7.protest./'prautest/n.抗议，反对；/pra'test/vi.反对，抗议；vt.反对；坚持声称，申 辩 词形变化：protester(m.)抗议者；protestation(.)声明，抗议 搭配：protest against抗议"；without protest毫无异议地；under protest不情愿 地 辨析：protest常指公开反对；object指提出异议；oppose指采取行动反对 Thousands of people took to the streets to protest against the new law. The athlete protested that he had done nothing wrong. 8 profit/'prDfit/n.利润，收益，好处；vi.&vt.获益，得到好处 词形变化：profitable(adi.)有利可图的；profitability(m.）盈利能力；profiteer (n.）投机商 搭配：make a profit获利；profit from从中获益；net profit净利润 辨析：profit侧重金钱收益；benefit泛指利益、好处；gain指获得的东西 例句：The company's profit increased by20%this year.. We can profit from the mistakes of others. 9.defence/dr'fens/(AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 词形变化：defend(v.)防御，辩护；defensive(adj.)防御的；defendant(n.)被 告 搭配：in defence of为…辩护；self-defence自卫；defence system防御系统 辨析：defence侧重“防御行为或措施”；protection泛指“保护”；guard指“守 卫” 例句：The lawyer presented strong evidence in defence of his client. The country spends billions on national defence. 10.process./'prauses/n.过程，进程；步骤，流程；vt.加工，处理 词形变化：procession(n.）行列，游行；processor(m.）处理器；processing(m.) 处理 搭配：in the process of在…过程中；process information处理信息； manufacturing process制造过程 辨析：process强调连续的过程；procedure指既定程序、手续；progress指进步 例句：The process of applying for a visa can take several weeks. Our brains process a huge amount of data every second. 11.economic./i:ke'npmrk/adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 词形变化：economy(m.)经济；economics(.)经济学；economical(adj.)节约 的 搭配：economic growth经济增长；economic crisis经济危机；economic policy经 济政策 辨析：economic关于经济的；economical节省的、经济的（指省钱） 例句：The government introduced new economic measures to boost growth. It is not economic to run such an old factory. 12.policy/pplasi/n.政策，方针；原则 词形变化：policyholder(n.）投保人；policy-making(n.）政策制定 搭配：adopt a policy采取政策；foreign policy外交政策；one-child policy独生子 女政策 辨析：policy指组织或政府制定的政策；principle指原则、准则；strategy指策 略、行动计划 例句：The company has a strict no-smoking policy.. Education policy should focus on equal opportunities. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The police managed to track the escaped prisoner within 24 hours. 2.Many animals lose their natural (habitat)because of deforestation. 3.After hours of discussion,the negotiation got (nowhere). 4.The (chief)reason for the delay was the bad weather. 5.A special (committee)was formed to investigate the accident. 6.I am (entire)satisfied with the result of the experiment 7.Workers gathered outside the factory to protest low wages. 8.The company hopes to make a (profitable)this year 9.The lawyer argued in defence his client's innocence. 10.The (process)of recycling paper requires several steps. 11.The government's (economy)policies have led to rapid development. 12.It is the company's (policy)to provide equal opportunities for all employees. (二)短文填空 Protecting the natural 1. of wild animals is a long and complex 2. Human activities often destroy forests,leaving many species with 3. to live.The 4. causes of this problem include economic development and poor government 5. Some local people 6. against the destruction,but they often get 7. .A8. should be set up to 9. the situation and make a 10. of protecting the environment.Only in this way can we achieve a win-win result. 参考答案 1.down;2.habitat;3.nowhere;4.chief 5.committee;6.entirely;7.against; (一)单句填空 8.profit;9.of;10.process;11.economic;12.policy 1.habitat;2.process;3.nowhere;4.chief;5.policies;6.protest,7.nowhere; (二)短文填空 8.committee;9.track;10.profit 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 状语从句综合 项目 内容 引导词：when,while,as,before,after,since,until/ill,as soon as,the moment/instant,every time等。 核心用法：when引导的从句中动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词；while强调 时间状语从句动作同时发生或对比；as强调动作同时发生或随时间推移；unti1/ll肯定句 表示直到…为止，否定句表示直到…才；as soon as表示一…就…。 高考例句：It was the first time that I had been to the museum since I moved here. 条件状语从句引导词：if,unless,as long as,on condition that,provided that等。 核心用法：遵循“主将从现”原则：若主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时 表将来。例：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.unless7相当于 if...not,意为“除非”。 高考例句：You can succeed as long as you keep trying. 引导词：because,since,as,now that等。 核心用法：because语气最强，直接原因；since表示已知原因；as表示附带 原因状语从句 原因；now that意为“既然”。 高考例句：Now that everyone is here,let's begin. 引导词：though/although,even if/even though,while,no matter+疑问 词，疑问词+ever。 让步状语从句核心用法：though/,although不能与but连用，但可与yet连用；even if/even though表示假设或事实的让步；while放句首表示“虽然”。 高考例句：However hard the task is,we must finish it on time. 引导词：so..hat.,such...that.… 核心用法：so后接形容词/副词，suCh后接名词短语；当名词前有 结果状语从句 many/much/few/little时，用so。 高考例句：It was such an interesting book that he read it twice. 引导词：so that,,in order that。 核心用法：so that/从句中常含情态动词can/could/may/might;in order that 目的状语从句 更正式。 高考例句：They set off early so that they wouldn't miss the train.. 引导词：as,asif/as though,just as。. 方式状语从句核心用法：as表示“像…一样”；asif/as though引导从句常用虚拟语气。 高考例句：She treats me as if I were her own son. 引导词：asas.,not so/asas…,than。 核心用法：比较结构中的第二个as是连词；the+比较级.·.，the+比较 比较状语从句 级..表示“越…越…”。 高考例句：This movie is not as interesting as that one. 考点通关 状语从句综合 语法专练一：单项选择(10题) 1.Shall we go to the park tomorrow?-If it we will go. A.doesn't rain B.won't rain C.didn't rain D.isn't raining 2.You won't pass the exam you study harder. A.while B.unless C.if D.until 3.He was reading a novel his mother came in. A.while B.as C.when D,until he is very young,he knows a lot about history. A.Although B.Because C.Since D.As 5.I waited she finished her work. A.until B.although C.since D.unless 6.She is a lovely girl everyone likes her. A.so;that B.such;that C.such;as D.so;as 7.Please speak louder everyone can hear you. A.so that B.such that C.in order to D.even if 8.It was an exciting game that we all shouted. A.so B.such C.very D.too 9.I'll call you I reach Beijing. A.while B.as soon as C.until D.since 10. hard the work is,we will finish it. A.However B.Whatever C.Whenever D.Wherever 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.We will go for a picnic tomorrow the weather is fine. 2.He was so tired he fell asleep quickly 3.She didn't go to school yesterday she was ill 4.You must do everything I tell you. 5. she is a child,she knows a lot. 6.I didn't leave the rain stopped. 7.Speak clearly that everyone can understand you. 8.He is the same age I am. 9.She behaved if nothing had happened. 10.The sooner you start,the you will finish. 语法综合练习（一)单项选择(10题) 1.Why didn't you come to the party?- I was busy preparing for the exam. A.Although B.Because C.Since D.Unless 2.I won't believe it he comes here and tells me himself. A.if B.when C.until D.as soon as 3. he is only 5 years old,he can play the piano very well. A.As B.Though C.Because D.Since 4.She speaks English an English speaker does. A as well as B.as good as C.so well as D.so good as 5.The old man ate much food he got a stomachache. A.so;that B.such;that C.such;as D.so;as 6.We should take action now the problem doesn't get worse. A.in order to B.so that C.even if D.as long as 7.The patient had waited for a long time the doctor arrived. A.when B.before C.after D.since 8. you have finished your homework,you can go out and play A.Because B.Although C.Now that D.Unless 9.I will go shopping with you I'm free this afternoon. A.if B.while C.whether D.unless 10. it rains,we'll still go for a hike tomorrow. A.As if B.Even if C.Because D.Since 语法综合练习（二)语法填空(10题) 1. from his accent,he might come from the south. 2.I had just sat down the phone rang. 3.It is 10 years I came to this city. 4.He felt if he were flying. 5.The more you practice,the you will play. 6.I won't give up I fail ten times. 7.He set off an hour earlier that he could catch the train. 8.She is energetic a child that she never stops moving. 9. he is a millionaire,he leads a simple life. 10.You can stay with me as you like. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择1.A;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A8.B;9.B:10.A 1.if provided;2.that;3.because;4.as;5.Although /Though 语法专练二：语法填空 While;6.until till;7.so;8.as;9.as;10.sooner 语法综合练习（一）单项选 1.B;2.C,3.B;4.A5.A;6.B;7.B;8.C,9.A;10.B 择 语法综合练习（二)语法填l.Judging;2.when;3.since;4.as;5.better;6.even if/even 空 though;7.so;8.such;9.Although Though /While;10.long 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Making a booklet on environmental problems 1.Designed to be accessible to people of all ages,it uses clear language and striking visuals to explain complex environmental concepts and to suggest practical solutions. 结构：to do sth.作目的状语 中文：为了使所有年龄段的人都易于理解，它使用清晰的语言和引人注目的视觉素材 来解释复杂的环境概念并提出实用的解决方案。 用法：不定式短语在句中可表示“为了…”，说明动作的目的。 2.such as recycling and conserving energy. 结构：V-ing形式作主语/宾语 中文：例如回收和节约能源。 用法：动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 3.What makes this booklet effective is its focus on actionable steps... 结构：What+从句+谓语+其他 中文：使这本手册有效的是它聚焦于可操作的措施。 用法：What引导的从句在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4.Designed to be accessible to people of all ages,it uses clear language... 结构：过去分词+其他，主句 中文：设计成易于所有年龄段的人理解，它使用清晰的语言..· 用法：过去分词短语作状语，逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 5.It is not enough to simply inform people about the problems... 结构：Itis+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth 中文：仅仅告知人们问题是不够的。 用法：t作形式主语，不定式是真正主语。 6.This project has taught me that environmental education is a powerful tool... 结构：动词+that+从句（陈述语序） 中文：这个项目教会了我，环境教育是一个强大的工具。 用法：that在宾语从句中无实际意义，可省略。 7.to explain complex environmental concepts and to suggest practical solutions. 结构：to do sth.and(to)do sth, 中文：解释复杂的环境概念并提出实用的解决方案。 用法：两个不定式并列，第二个to可省略。 8.such as recycling and conserving energy. 结构：such as+doing/n. 中文：例如回收和节约能源。 用法：用于举例，后接名词或动名词。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.I'm not outgoing,so I feel a little (anxiety)now. 2.What if no one (talk)to me? 3.I found the experiment (difficulty)but interesting. 4.He tried (finish)his homework before dinner. 5.I couldn't concentrate on (read)because of the noise. 6.She feels much (confident)than before. 7.I think that tomorrow (be)a great day. 8.I really wanted (tell)him to be quiet. 9.The teacher told us a funny story,and everyone (laugh)so much. 10.I believe I (make)new friends soon. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.这本手册的日的是提高人们对环境问题的意识。 2.为了使所有人易于理解，它使用了清晰的语言和引人注目的图片。 3.使这本手册有效的是它聚焦于可操作的措施。 4.仅仅告知人们问题是不够的。 5.我们必须激励人们采取行动并成为改变的推动者。 6.这个项目教会了我，环境教育是创造更可持续未来的强大工具。 7.我们所有人都在保护地球方面有责任。 8. 像回收和节能这样的简单行动可以产生巨大影响。 9.这本手册提醒我们，环境教育很强大。 10.总之，这本手册是一种行动号召，提醒我们共同努力。 参考答案 1.to raise;2.Designed;3.to inform;4.is;5.creating;6.to 练习一：完成句子 play;7.taking;8.Encouraged;9.turning;10.our 练习二：翻译句子 1.The purpose of this booklet is to raise awareness about environmental issues.;2.Designed to be accessible to all people, it uses clear language and striking visuals.;3.What makes this booklet effective is its focus on actionable steps.;4.It is not enough to simply inform people about the problems.5.We must inspire people to take action and to become agents of change. 6.This project has taught me that environmental education is a powerful tool for creating a more sustainable future.7.We all have a role to play in protecting the earth.8.Simple actions like recycling and conserving energy can make a big difference.; 9.This booklet reminds us that environmental education is powerful.10.In conclusion,this booklet is a call to action, reminding us to work together. 教材同步单元练习 一、 阅读理解 Passage 1 The relationship between economic growth and environmental protection is often presented as a zero-sum game,where progress in one area necessitates a decline in the other.This traditional view,however,is increasingly being challenged by a new economic paradigm known as"ecological economics."Unlike mainstream economics,which treats the environment as a mere subset of the economy,ecological economics places the economy firmly within the biosphere-the finite,non-growing,and materially closed system of our planet. The core principle of ecological economics is that the human economy is a subsystem of the larger ecological system.This fundamental shift in perspective has profound implications.It means that there are planetary boundaries-limits to the amount ofresources we can extract and the amount of waste we can absorb.Once these boundaries are crossed,economic activity can become uneconomic,meaning that the costs of growth(e.g.,pollution,biodiversity loss,climate change)begin to outweigh the benefits Ecological economists,therefore,advocate for a"steady-state economy,"where resource consumption and waste generation are stabilized at levels that are within the planet's capacity to regenerate and absorb This concept directly challenges the conventional goal of perpetual GDP growth.Instead,it prioritizes qualitative development over quantitative growth,focusing on improving well-being,equity,and ecological health.Policies derived from this paradigm might include carbon taxes,stricter environmental regulations,and investments in natural capital such as forests and wetlands.Proponents argue that such policies are not merely about environmental protection,but are essential for long-term economic stability and human prosperity.Critics,however,contend that such a model could hinder innovation and slow down the economic progress needed to lift people out of poverty,especially in developing nations.The debate between unlimited growth and planetary boundaries remains one of the most critical issues of our time. ()1.How does ecological economics differ from mainstream economics? A.It considers the environment to be a part of the economy B.It views the environment as being separate from the economy. C.It sees the economy as a component of the broader environment. D.It prioritizes economic growth over ecological protection ()2.What does the term "uneconomic growth"most probably mean in Paragraph 2? A.Growth that is not profitable for businesses B.Growth that fails to create new jobs. C.Growth whose negative impacts surpass its benefits. D.Growth that is too slow to be effective. ()3.Which of the following is a key characteristic of a"steady-state economy"? A.A constant and rapid increase in GDP. B.The stabilization ofresource use to match planetary limits. C.A complete halt to all technological innovation. D.The absolute elimination of all forms of waste. ()4.What is the main argument of critics against the ecological economics model? A.It might impede economic development in poorer countries. B.It places too much emphasis on short-term profits. C.It fails to address the issue of climate change. D.It relies on outdated and inefficient technologies. Passage 2 For decades,the world's forests have been vanishing at an alarming rate,driven primarily by agricultural expansion,logging,and urbanization.This widespread deforestation has devastating consequences,from biodiversity loss and soil erosion to climate change.Yet,a quiet revolution is underway in countries like Costa Rica.Once one of the world's most deforested nations,Costa Rica has dramatically reversed this trend,becoming a global leader in forest restoration and conservation. Costa Rica's success story is not accidental;it is the direct result of a pioneering policy known as Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES).Launched in the late 1990s,this innovative program provides financial incentives to landowners who maintain or restore forest cover on their land.Instead of cutting down trees for timber or farming,landowners are paid for the ecological benefits their forests provide, such as carbon storage,water purification,and biodiversity protection.The funding for these payments comes from a variety of sources,including a tax on fossil fuels and payments from water users like hydroelectric dams and breweries. The results have been remarkable.Forest cover in Costa Rica has rebounded from a low of about 26%in the 1980s to over 52%today.This regrowth has not only created a haven for wildlife,including iconic species like the jaguar and the resplendent quetzal,but has also boosted the country's ecotourism industry, a major economic driver.The PES program has shown that environmental conservation and economic progress are not mutually exclusive;indeed,they can be mutually reinforcing.While challenges remain, such as ensuring the program's long-term financial sustainability,Costa Rica's PES model serves as a powerful example for other nations struggling to balance development with environmental stewardship.It demonstrates that with the right policies and incentives,we can heal our planet and build a more sustainable future. ()1.What is the primary function of the Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)program in Costa Rica? A.To fine landowners for cutting down trees. B.To encourage the expansion of agricultural land. C.To reward landowners for preserving or regrowing forests. D.To tax industries that pollute water sources. ()2.How is the PES program primarily funded? A.Through international donations from other countries. B.Through a tax on fossil fuels and payments from water users. C.Through increased profits from the timber industry. D.Through fines imposed on illegal loggers ()3.What has been a significant positive outcome of the PES program? A.A decrease in the population of iconic wildlife species B.A decline in the use of fossil fuels. C.A significant increase in forest cover and a boost to ecotourism. D.An increase in the amount of land used for intensive farming. ()4.What message does the author intend to convey using Costa Rica as an example? A.Deforestation is an irreversible environmental problem. B.Economic development is more important than forest protection C.It is possible to achieve economic growth and environmental restoration together. D.Govemnment regulations are the only way to stop deforestation. 二、完形填空 In the heart of the Amazon rainforest,a silent but critical drama is unfolding.The"lungs of the Earth,"as it is often called,is losing its ability to breathe.Scientists have long warned about the consequences of deforestation,but a new study has revealed a more (1) reality:large parts of the Amazon are now emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb. This change is a direct result ofhuman(2) .Rampant logging,mining,and the burning ofvast areas of forest for cattle ranching and soybean farming have severely (3) the rainforest's ability to function as a carbon sink.The study found that the southeastern Amazon,in particular,has (4) from a carbon sink to a carbon source.In 2019 and 2020,the region released about 1.1 billion tons of CO2,while absorbing only half of that amount "We feared this was happening,but this is the first time we have concrete,scientific(5) ,”said Dr.Luciana Gatti,the lead author of the study."The forest is under enormous(6) It's a race against time."The primary driver of this shift is the degradation of the forest.While deforestation is the complete removal of trees,degradation is a more gradual process caused by selective logging,fires,and drought.These (7) weaken the forest,making it more vulnerable to further damage and reducing its ability to store carbon. The(8) of this transformation are not just local.The Amazon releases huge amounts of water into the atmosphere,which helps to regulate weather patterns across South America and even the world. A drying,warming Amazon could lead to more severe droughts in other parts of the world and(9) the pace of global climate change. Despite the alarming findings,there is still hope.The study emphasizes that (10) action can still make a difference."We need to stop deforestation and degradation immediately,"Dr.Gatti stressed."And we need to begin large-scale(11) of the damaged areas."The future of the Amazon,and perhaps the planet,hinges on the choices we make today.It is a stark(12) that the balance of nature is fragile and that our actions have profound,far-reaching(13) The fate of this vital ecosystem rests in our hands,calling for a collective and urgent global (14) to protect this irreplaceable treasure for (15) to come. 1.A.promising B.alarming C.confusing D.comforting 2.A.activities B.ignorance C.exploration D.observation 3.A.enhanced B.restored C.weakened D.maintained 4.A.transformed B.recovered C.benefited D.resulted 5.A.evidence B.advice C.permission D.relief 6.A.control B.stress C.observation D.construction 7.A.strategies B.disturbances C.improvements D.achievements 8.A.causes B.features C.consequences D.origins 9.A.slow down B.speed up C.account for D.take over 10.A.individual B.immediate C.theoretical D.moderate 11.A.restoration B.destruction C.investigation D.production 12.A.reminder B.prediction C.suggestion D.exception 13.A.benefits B.solutions C.consequences D.preparations 14.A.response B.project C.donation D.survey 15.A.scientists B.generations C.activists D.lawmakers 三、阅读短文回答问题 Balancing economic development with environmental sustainability is one of the most complex challenges facing the modemn world.For decades,the prevailing model has been one of"grow first,clean up later."This approach,while leading to significant economic growth and poverty reduction in some regions,has also resulted in severe environmental degradation,including air and water pollution,loss of biodiversity,and a rapidly changing climate.The costs of this environmental damage are now being felt globally,from extreme weather events to resource scarcity,threatening the very foundations oflong-term prosperity. In response to this crisis,a new concept has gained traction:the circular economy.This model stands in stark contrast to the traditional linear economy,which follows a"take-make-dispose"pattem.A circular economy,instead,aims to eliminate waste and pollution,keep products and materials in use,and regenerate natural systems.It is a systemic shift that requires redesigning products for durability,reuse, and recyclability,and developing new business models based on services and sharing rather than ownership.For instance,instead of buying a washing machine,a consumer might pay for a washing service,with the manufacturer retaining ownership and responsibility for the machine's lifecycle,ensuring its components are reused or recycled at the end of its life. The transition to a circular economy is not only environmentally beneficial but also economically sound. It can foster innovation,create new jobs in areas like recycling and remanufacturing,and reduce a country's dependence on volatile raw material markets.However,the transition is fraught with challenges. It requires significant investment in new infrastructure,changes in consumer behavior,and strong government policies that discourage waste and incentivize circular practices.Governments can play a crucial role by setting standards,providing tax breaks for circular businesses,and investing in research and development.While the path is difficult,the shift from a linear to a circular economy is increasingly seen not as a choice,but as a necessity for a resilient and sustainable future 1.What is the main problem with the traditional "grow first,clean up later"model? 2.According to the passage,what is the fundamental difference between a linear economy and a circular economy? 3.Besides environmental benefits,what other advantages does the author mention for a circular economy? 4.What are the major challenges mentioned in transitioning to a circular economy?(List at least two). 5.What role can the government play to facilitate the shift to a circular economy?(Give one specific example) 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists have long been fascinated by the navigation skills of birds.How they manage to (1) their way across thousands of miles during migration is a mystery.Now,a new study has shed light on this,(2) that the secret lies in a protein in their eyes. The research suggests that a protein called cryptochrome is (3) responsible.This protein is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field.When light hits the bird's eye,it causes a reaction in the cryptochrome,(4) information about the magnetic field and allowing the bird to "see"the direction it needs to fly.This mechanism provides the bird with an(5) internal compass. This finding is a major step forward in understanding a(6) that has puzzled(7) for centuries.The implications of the research could be far-reaching.For example,it might help explain how light pollution from cities can (8) migrating birds,leading them off course.The discovery also has the potential to inspire new technologies in the field of navigation,potentially leading to (9) benefits The research team is now planning further experiments to test this theory more thoroughly.They hope that their work will eventually lead to better(10) for these incredible travelers,whose habitats are increasingly threatened by human activity. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 9. 10. 五、写作 你校正在组织英语作文比赛，主题为“The Balance Between Human Progress and Nature”。请你写 一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.简述人类发展与自然之间的紧张关系： 2.提出个人可以采取的、有助于实现两者平衡的具体行动（至少两点）： 3.呼吁大家共同努力。 注意： 1.词数80左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考答案 Passage 1:1.C2.C3.B4.A 一、 阅读理解 Passage 2:5.C6.B 7.C8.C 二、完形填空1.B2.A3.C4.A5.A6.B7.B8.C9.B10.B11.A12.A13.C14.A15.B 1.The main problem is that it leads to severe environmental degradation (e.g.,pollution biodiversity loss,climate change),the costs of which threaten long-term prosperity 2.A linear economy follows a"take-make-dispose"pattem,while a circular economy aims to eliminate waste,keep materials in use,and regenerate natural systems. 三、阅读短文3.Other advantages include fostering innovation,creating new jobs,.and reducing a 回答问题 country's dependence on volatile raw material markets 4.Challenges include significant investment in new infrastructure,changes in consumer behavior,and the need for strong goverment policies 5.Governments can set standards,provide tax breaks for circular businesses,or invest in research and development.(Any one specific example is sufficient) 1.track 2.revealing 3.chiefly 4.processing 5.entirely 6.process 7.scientists 8.confuse 四、短文填空 9.economic 10.protection 五、写作 范文： The Balance Between Human Progress and Nature Human progress has often come at a cost to nature.Our pursuit of economic growth,driven by industrialization and consumption,has led to pollution,deforestation,and climate change,creating a dangerous imbalance.To restore harmony,we must act individually.First,we can adopt azero-waste" lifestyle by refusing single-use plastics and recycling diligently.Second,we should choose sustainable transport,like walking or cycling,to reduce our carbon footprint.These small steps can make a big difference.Let us all embrace our responsibility.The future of our planet depends on the choices we make today.Together,we can create a future where both humanity and nature thrive.