Unit 3 The world of science（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（外研版）

Unit 3 The world of science 教材全解（二） injure chemist astronomer biologist accurate minor 。单元核心词汇 origin species stream extraordinary brilliant radium; theory;mental;cure等 。单元同步语法 时态辨析：两组（现完Vs一过；一过s过完） ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.injure/Ind3er)/v.使受伤，弄伤 词形变化：injury(n.)伤害；injured(adj.）受伤的 辨析：injure通常指在事故中受伤（多指身体机能暂时受损）；wound指刀、枪等 造成的开放性伤口（常指战争或袭击）；ht可指身体或情感上的伤害，且更口语 化 搭配：be seriously injured受重伤；injure one's pride伤害自尊心 例句：He was injured in a car accident,,but thankfully not seriously. 2.accurate/'aekjerat/adj.精确的，准确的 词形变化：accuracy(n.)精确性；inaccurate(adj.)不精确的；accurately(adv.) 精确地 辨析：accurate强调与事实或标准一致，无误差；precise强调细节上极其精细； exact强调数量、程度等完全吻合 搭配：accurate data精确数据；accurate description准确的描述 例句：Scientists need accurate instruments to measure tiny changes. 3.minor/'mane()/adj.小的，次要的 词形变化：minority(m.)少数；未成年人 反义词：major(ad.)主要的重大的 搭配：minor injury轻伤；minor role次要角色；minor details细枝末节 The operation was a success;only a minor problem occurred during the process. 4.origin/'pId3n/n.起源，起因 词形变化：original(adj.）原始的；独创的；originate(~.）起源；origination(血.) 起源 搭配：the origin of life生命起源；place of origin原产地；have its origin in起源于 例句：The origin of the species theory was proposed by Charles Darwin. 5.species/spii:z/n.物种（单复数同形） 辨析：species是生物学分类的基本单位，同类动物可称为one species;?variety指变 种或品种 搭配：endangered species濒危物种；a species of…的一种 例句：Many species are at risk of extinction due to human activities. 6.extraordinary/k'stro:dni/adj.非凡的，出色的 词形变化：extraordinarily(adv.）非常，格外 构词：extra-(超出)+ordinary(普通的) 搭配：extraordinary talent非凡的才能；extraordinary achievement卓越成就 例句：She showed extraordinary courage when facing the challenge.. 7.brilliant/brilient/adi.聪颍的，才华横溢的；明亮的 词形变化：brilliance(m.）才华；光辉；brilliantly(adv.)出色地 近义词：bright,,intelligent,outstanding 搭配：a brilliant idea绝妙的主意；a brilliant scientist杰出的科学家 The young mathematician had a brilliant mind for solving complex problems. 8.heoy/0rani/n.学说，理论 词形变化：theoretical(adj.)理论上的；heoretically(adv.)理论上 搭配：scientific theory科学理论；in theory理论上；theory of evolution进化论 Darwin's theory of natural selection changed the way we understand life 9.mental/'mentl/ad.精神的；精神健康的；智力的 词形变化：mentally(adv.)精神上；mentality(n.)心态，思维方式 搭配：mental health心理健康；mental illness精神疾病；mental exercise智力锻炼 Physical health is important,but mental health matters just as much. 10.cure /kjua((r)/v.治疗；治愈n.疗法；药物 词形变化：curable(adj.）可治愈的；incurable(adj.）不可治愈的 辨析：cure强调彻底治愈（疾病）；teat强调治疗过程；heal多用于伤口愈合 搭配：cure a disease治愈疾病；a cure for cancer癌症疗法 例句：So far,there is no cure for the common cold, 1l.stream/sti:mn.小河，小溪流，流动v.流动；涌流 词形变化：streaming(m.）流媒体；streamline(v.)使效率化 搭配：a mountain stream山间小溪；stream of water水流；stream online在线播放 The small stream flows through the village and provides water for crops. l2.radium/'rerdiam/n.镭（化学元素) 词形变化：radioactive(adj.)放射性的（相关词） 搭配：discover radium发现镭；radium treatment镭疗法 例句：Marie Curie is famous for her discovery of radium. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The driver was seriously (injure)in the crash and sent to hospital immediately. 2.To get an (accurate)result,you must measure the temperature three times 3.The patient suffered only a (minor)cut,so no stitches were needed. 4.The (origin)of this custom can be traced back to the 18th century. 5.Several (species)of birds have disappeared from this area due to pollution. 6.It was an (extraordinary)performance that moved everyone in the theatre. 7.Einstein was a (brilliant)physicist whose ideas changed the world. 8.According to the (theory)of relativity,time and space are relative. 9.Regular exercise is good for both physical and (mentally)health. 10.Scientists are working hard to find a (cure)for this rare disease. 11.The (stream)water is so clear that you can see the stones at the bottom. 12.Marie Curie discovered (radium)after years of research. (二)短文填空 Charles Darwin developed the 1. of natural selection,which explains the 2. of different 3. His work was based on 4. observations made during his field research.Darwin was a 5. scientist,but he also faced 6. criticism from some religious groups.Today,his ideas are considered 7 important for biology.In addition to physical evolution,Darwin's work also influenced 8. science.However,his theory could not 9. the problem of extinction;many species are still disappearing.Even a small 10. in nature can be home to unique life forms. 1.injured;2.accurate;3.minor;4.origin;5.species;6.extraordinary;7.brilliant; (一)单句填空 8.theory;9.mental;10.cure;11.stream;12.radium 1.theory;2.origin;3.species;4.accurate;5.brilliant;6.minor;7.extraordinarily; (二)短文填空 8.mental;9.cure;10.stream 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 时态辨析 时态辨析 项目 内容 语法1∶现在 般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。 完成时vs一 结构：主语+动词过去式+其他。例：I saw the film last night..(名 般过去时 词) 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，或从过去持续到现在的 状态。结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。例：I have seen the film.(强调现在知道剧情) 关键区别：①时间状语不同：一般过去时常用yesterday,last week,in 2020,two days ago,just now,when I was young等；现在完成时常用already, yet,ever,never,just,recently,so far,since,for,in the past/last few years ②动作是否完成：一般过去时动作己完成且时间明确；现在完成时可能 未完成或时间不具体，重在结果。③常见易错：有明确过去时间状语的 句子只能用一般过去时：询问“有没有做某事”常用现在完成时，追问 “何时做的”转为一般过去时。 典型例题： They have lived in Beijing for five years.(现在完成时，持续至今) They lived in Beijing from2015to2020.(一般过去时，过去时段) 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作，通常按时间顺序叙述。结构：主语+ 动词过去式+其他。例：He arrived at the station at8:00. 过去完成时：表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某个时间点之前己经完成的 动作。结构：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。例：When I got there, the train had left. 语法2：一般关键区别：①时间参照点：一般过去时以现在为参照：过去完成时以另 过去时vs过一个过去时间点或动作为参照。②常用信号词：一般过去时用yesterday, 去完成时 last month,.at that time,when+一般过去时；过去完成时用by(the end of) last week,before,after,.when(主句动作在从句之前)，already,never等。 ③典型易混：He had left when I arrived.(先离开后到)vs He left when I arrived.(同时或先后顺序不确定) 常用句式：By the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。例：By the time we got to the cinema,the film had started. 考点通关 时态辨析 语法专练一： 语法填空(4题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.1 my homework already.Let's play! 2.She a new phone last week. 3.We each other since 2019. 4.-When you him?-Yesterday afternoon. 语法专练二：语法填空(4题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.By the time I woke up,my mother to work. 2.He in London for three years before he moved to Paris. 3.I my homework when the teacher came in. 4.The train when we arrived at the station. 时态辨析综合练习（一)单项选择(8题) 1.- you ever to the Great Wall? A.Did;go B.Have;been C.Have;gone 2.The scientist a speech in our school last Friday. A.gives B.has given C.gave 3.By the end of last term,we over 3000 English words. A.learned B.had learned C.have learned 4.He in this city since he was born. A.lives B.lived C.has lived 5.When I came back home,my sister already asleep. A.has;fallen B.had;fallen C.fell 6.-Why didn't you see the film with us?-Because I it twice. A.saw B.have seen C.had seen 7.Lucy her keys yesterday.She still can't find them now. A.lost B.has lost C.had lost 8.We the experiment by the time the bell rang. A.finished B.had finished C.have finished 时态辨析综合练习（二）语法填空(10题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.I nervous 2.I anyone there. 3.Before that day,I in a small junior high school for three years. 4.In the new school,I my best friend Tom on the first day. 5.He some friends. 6.because he in this city since he was a child. 7.We for a while. 8.and found we the same hobby basketball. 9.Since then,we close friends. 10.So far,we countless happy hours together. 参考答案 语法专练一：语法填空 1.have finished;2.bought;3.haven't seen;4.did;meet 1.had gone;2.had lived;3.hadn't finished;4.had already 语法专练二：语法填空 left 时态辨析综合练习（一)单 1.B;2.C,3.B;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.B 项选择 1.felt;2.didn't know;3.had studied;4.met;5.had already 时态辨析综合练习（二)语 法填空 made;6.had lived;7.talked;8.shared;9.have become; 10.have spent A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Franklin 1.What is not widely known,however,is that this story may be more myth than fact. 结构：What+谓语+is+that从句 中文：然而，不为人广泛所知的是，这个故事可能更多的是传说而非事实。 用法：What引导主语从句，在句中作主语，意为“…的事情/东西”；谓语动词常用 单数；整个句子表达“不为人所知的事情是…” 2.Having studied the historical records,scientists now believe that Franklin's kite experiment was more of a theoretical idea than a real event. 结构：Having+过去分词，主句 中文：在研究了历史记录之后，科学家们现在认为富兰克林的风筝实验与其说是真实 事件，不如说是一个理论构想。 用法：现在分词完成式表示动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，强调“先完成某事然 后…”；逻辑主语是主句的主语；常用于书面语，表示原因或时间先后。 3.It is possible that the story was invented to make Franklin seem like a heroic figure. 结构：It is possible that+从句 中文：这个故事有可能被编造出来，让富兰克林看上去像个英雄人物。 用法：It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句；表示“有可能…”，语气较 委婉；类似结构有It is likely/certain/obvious that.. Although the story of Franklin's kite may not be true,it still serves as a powerful symbol of curiosity. 结构：A1 though+从句，主句 中文：虽然富兰克林风筝的故事可能不是真的，但它仍然是好奇心的一个有力象征。 用法：although引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”；不能与but同时使用，但可 与yet/stillj连用：从句可放在句首或句末。 The story of Benjamin Franklin flying a kite in a thunderstorm is one of the most famous n science. 结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing短语 中文：本杰明·富兰克林在雷雨中放风筝的故事是科学界最著名的故事之一。 用法：动名词前可以加逻辑主语（名词所有格或物主代词)，构成动名词复合结构： 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等；表示该动作的逻辑执行者。 6.This story may be more myth than fact. 结构：more+名词+than+名词 中文：这个故事可能更多的是传说而非事实。 用法：表示“与其说是…不如说是…”；强调前者程度不如后者，或前者更接近 后者；这里more不构成比较级，而是固定短语。 7.This article has taught me that we should not always believe everything we read. 结构：teach+间接宾语+hat从句 中文：这篇文章教会我不应该总是相信我们读到的一切。 用法：teach后接双宾语，直接宾语为that从句；表示“教会某人…的道理”；that 从句为陈述内容。 8.It still serves as a powerful symbol of curiosity. 结构：serve as+名词 中文：它仍然起着好奇心的有力象征的作用。 用法：意为“充当，用作，起到…的作用”；后接表示角色或功能的名词。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.What (surprise)us most is his courage. 2. (finish)the work,he went home. 3.It is possible that the story (invent)by someone. 4.Although it (be)a myth,the story has value. 5.The idea of Franklin (fly)a kite is well-known. 6.He is more a hero (than)a common man. 7.The teacher taught us that hard work (lead)to success. 8.This book can serve (as)a useful tool. 9.We should not believe (everything)we hear. 10.The experiment (believe)to be a myth now. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.鲜为人知的是这个故事可能只是神话。 2.在研究了历史记录之后，科学家们提出了质疑。 3.这个故事有可能被编造出来以让富兰克林显得像英雄。 4.尽管这个故事可能不是真的，但它仍然有教育意义。 5.富兰克林在雷雨中放风筝的故事非常有名。 6.与其说这是一个事实，不如说这是一个传说。 7.这篇文章教会我们不要轻信一切。 8.这个实验如今被视为科学好奇心的象征。 9.我们应该质疑事实并自己做研究。 10.无论真相如何，这个故事都激励着人们。 参考答案 1.surprises;2.Having finished;3.was invented;4.is; 练习一：完成句子 5.flying;6.than;7.leads;8.as;9.everything;10.is believed 1.What is not widely known is that the story may be a myth.; 2.Having studied the historical records,scientists raised doubts.;3.It is possible that the story was invented to make Franklin seem like a hero.;4.Although the story may not be true,it still has educational value.;5.The story of Benjamin 练习二：翻译句子 Franklin flying a kite in a thunderstorm is very famous.6.It is more a legend than a fact.;7.This article taught us not to believe everything.8.The experiment is now regarded as a symbol of scientific curiosity.;9.We should question the facts and do our own research.10.Whatever the truth is,the story still inspires people. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the realm of modem physics,few concepts are as counter-intuitive yet experimentally verified as quantum entanglement.This phenomenon,which Albert Einstein famously dismissed as"spooky action at a distance,"describes a state where two or more particles become linked in such a way that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently,even when the particles are separated by large distances.Instead,a change in the state of one particle will instantaneously affect the state of the other,a connection that appears to transcend the speed of light. For decades,entanglement was a theoretical puzzle,a strange prediction of quantum mechanics that seemed to violate the principle oflocality-the idea that an object is only directly influenced by its immediate surroundings.However,starting in the 1970s and continuing through the 21st century,a series of increasingly sophisticated experiments,most notably those by physicist Alain Aspect,have provided overwhelming evidence that entanglement is real.These experiments tested Bell's theorem,a mathematical inequality that can distinguish between quantum predictions and those oflocal hidden- variable theories (which ty to explain quantum weirdness without non-local connections).The results consistently violated Bell's inequality,confirming that the universe is indeed non-local at its most fundamental level. The implications of this are profound.Today,entanglement is not just a philosophical curiosity but the bedrock of a new technological revolution.It is the core resource for quantum computing,where entangled qubits (quantum bits)can perform calculations far beyond the capability of classical computers. Furthermore,it enables quantum cryptography,a method of secure communication that is theoretically immune to eavesdropping.Any attempt to intercept a quantum-encrypted message would inevitably disturb the fragile entangled state,instantly alerting the sender and receiver.While practical,large-scale quantum computers remain a future goal,the reality of entanglement forces us to reconsider the very fabric of reality,suggesting a universe where everything might be more deeply interconnected than we ever imagined. ()1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A.To criticize Einstein's view on quantum mechanics. B.To explain why quantum entanglement was initially dismissed. C.To introduce the basic and unusual nature of quantum entanglement. D.To descibe a specific experiment that proved entanglement. ()2.The phrasespooky action at a distance"in paragraph 1 suggests that Einstein believed quantum entanglement was A.scientifically impossible B.a powerful and useful tool C.based on a logical,local theory D.a natural but misunderstood phenomenon ()3.According to the passage,Alain Aspect's experiments were significant because they A.proved the existence of local hidden-variable theories B.developed the first practical quantum computer C.provided concrete evidence supporting quantum entanglement D.suggested that quantum mechanics was fundamentally flawed ()4.What is the primary significance of entanglement in modern technology? A.It has solved the problem of long-distance communication. B.It is the foundational principle for quantum computing and cryptography C.It has replaced classical computers in most scientific fields D.It provides a complete answer to the question about the nature ofreality ()5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the future of quantum technologies? A.They are already widely used in everyday life. B.They will likely face ethical challenges C.They are still in a developmental stage with great potential. D.They will prove that Einstein was wrong about non-locality. Passage B The human brain,with its 86 billion neurons,is arguably the most complex object in the known universe. For centuries,our understanding of its inner workings was largely inferential,relying on observing behavior and,later,examining damaged brains.However,a series of revolutionary tools,collectively known as "optogenetics,"have begun to change this,allowing scientists to control specific groups of neurons with the precision of a laser pointer. The principle behind optogenetics is elegantly simple:it involves genetically modifying neurons to make them light-sensitive.This is achieved by introducing a gene from a light-sensitive protein,such as channelrhodopsin,which is naturally found in green algae.This protein acts like a microscopic ion channel that opens when exposed to a specific color of light,typically blue.Once inserted into a neuron, scientists can use a fiber-optic cable to deliver a pulse of light deep into a specific brain region.The light instantly activates the modified neurons,causing them to fire.By using different proteins,researchers can also create switches that silence neurons with yellow or red light. This ability to tumn brain cells on and off with millisecond precision has already transformed neuroscience In animal studies,researchers have used optogenetics to show that false memories can be implanted,to artificially trigger the instinct to hunt,and to treat symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease by activating specific circuits.The technology allows for a level of control that was previously unimaginable,moving beyond simple observation to direct causal manipulation.Instead of just seeing which brain areas are active during a behavion,scientists can now force those areas to be active and then watch the behavior emerge. Despite its immense power,optogenetics has significant limitations.The most obvious is its invasiveness, it requires genetic modification and the implantation of a light source,making it currently unsuitable for treating human brain disorders on a large scale.Furthermore,the technique is most effective in small, transparent regions of animal brains,and scaling it up for the human brain-with its 1.3 kilograms of dense,opaque tissue-presents colossal engineering challenges.Nevertheless,as a research tool,it has provided unparalleled insights into the causal logic of neural circuits,forever changing how we ask questions about the brain's most fundamental operations. ()6.What was the primary problem with understanding the brain before optogenetics? A.Scientists could not observe brain activity at all. B.The research was limited to studies of animal behavior only. C.Scientists could not directly control specific neurons to test their function. D.The human brain was considered too complex to be modified genetically. ()7.How does the technique of optogenetics fundamentally work? A.It uses strong magnetic fields to stimulate deep brain regions. B.It introduces genes from algae to make neurons controllable by light. C.It uses chemicals to activate or silence specific types of neurons D.It involves surgically implanting micro-electrodes into the brain ()8.The word "causal"in the last sentence is closest in meaning to A.difficult and complex B.complex and interconnected C.unexpected and strange D.involving a relationship of cause and effect ()9.According to the passage,one major limitation of optogenetics is that it is A.too slow to control rapid firing of neurons B.currently too invasive for widespread human use C.only effective on the surface of the brain,not deep structures D.not very effective because the brain frequently rejects modified genes ()10.What is the author's overall attitude towards the optogenetics technology? A.Highly critical due to its ethical concems. B.Generally skeptical about its practical applications. C.Enthusiastic and optimistic,with no mention of drawbacks. D.Appreciative of its scientific power while acknowledging its current limitations 二、完形填空 In 1999,a story about a missing hot air balloon pilot captivated the world.The pilot,Richard Branson, was attempting to circumnavigate the globe.But as it tumned out,the real 1 was not about his adventure, but about the media's rush to report it.When Branson's balloon 2 contact over the Pacific Ocean,news outlets around the world began to speculate.3,a Japanese news agency reported that the balloon had been found in the sea,and that the pilot had 4.The story was picked up by every major network.The world moumned a fallen hero. However,hours later,Branson was found alive and well.The initial report was 5.A communication error had led to a false rumor,and the media,in their desperation to be first with the news,had failed to 6 it. This incident serves as a powerful 7 that the story we hear first is not always the most accurate.In the age of 24-hour news and,now,viral social media,the pressure to be fast often outweighs the 8 to be right. This is a theme central to the nature of scientific progress,a world where the most celebrated stories are often the ones we later learn are wrong or,at best,9.Most people know the story of Isaac Newton and the apple,but few know it was a 10 of this story that helped him formulate his law of universal gravitation.The simple tale has a powerful hold on our imagination,but it 11 the complex,messy,and social nature of scientific discovery,which is built on slow,painstaking work and,crucially,the comrection of errors. The takeaway is not that we should stop believing in science or in news,but that we should 12 our sources and always be open to being wrong.The real hero is not the lone genius with a sudden flash of inspiration,but the skeptical community that tests,refines,and often 13 cherished ideas.We must leamn to be comfortable with uncertainty and to see a change ofmind not as a sign of weakness,but as a mark of intellectual 14.This is the true skill in a world of information,a world where the first story is often not the last one,and where 15 is the first step to finding the truth. 1.A.challenge B.lesson C.mystery D.failure 2.A.made B.maintained C.lost D.regained 3.A.However B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Afterwards 4.A.survived B.escaped C.succeeded D.died 5.A.plausible B.accurate C.false D.exaggerated 6.A.verify B.ignore C.suppress D.publish 7.A.reminder B.promise C.symbol D.suggestion 8.A.desire B.ability C.duty D.license 9.A.incomplete B.mysterious C.beneficial D.popular 10.A.repetition B.version C.rejection D.analysis 11.A.reveals B.conceals C.illustrates D.captures 12.A.follow B.question C.cite D.trust 13.A.overthrows B.supports C.protects D.celebrates 14.A.curiosity B.arrogance C.integnity D.reputation 15.A.doubt B.speed C.faith D.discovery 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. The story of the"discovery"of the structure of DNA is a classic case study in scientific competition, collaboration,and,most importantly,the critical role of methodological rigor.In the early 1950s,a race was on to understand the molecule of heredity.The two primary contenders were a team at King's College London,led by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins,and a team at the University of Cambridge,composed of James Watson and Francis Crick. Franklin was a brilliant physical chemist and an expert in X-ray crystallography,a technique used to determine the three-dimensional structure of molecules.Using this method,she produced the famous "Photo 51,"an exceptionally clear X-ray diffraction image of DNA.This image,which she made in May 1952,provided crucial evidence.ItsX"shape was a strong indication of a helical structure,and by analyzing the pattern of spots,Franklin could measure the key dimensions of the molecule.She calculated the width of the helix and the distance between the turns.However,Franklin was methodical and cautious.She understood that her data was evidence for a helix,not yet a definitive proof.She was meticulously analyzing her data,delaying publication until she could be more certain of her full model Unbeknownst to Franklin,Wilkins showed Photo 51 to Watson during a visit.Watson instantly saw the implications.Back in Cambridge,he and Crick,who were more focused on building a quick model rather than gathering exhaustive data,used Franklin's unpublished data without her knowledge or permission to build their own model.They quickly constructed the now-famous double helix model,and in April 1953, they published their findings in the journal Nature. While Watson and Crick are celebrated for their model,their work would have been impossible without Franklin's data.The story highlights a vital lesson about scientific inquiry:the difference between a flash of insight and a thorough,evidence-based discovery.Franklin's rigorous approach,based on painstaking experimental analysis,was the tue engine of the discovery,even if she didn't get the final glory.Her caution was not a weakness but a strength.The story serves as a cautionary tale,reminding us that real science is not just about being first but about being accurate and ethical in the pursuit of knowledge. 1.What were the two main methods used by the competing teams to discover the structure of DNA? 2.Why was Franklin's "Photo 51"so important for the discovery? 3.According to the passage,what is the key difference between Franklin's approach and Watson Crick's approach? 4.Do you think the story of DNA is a good example of the "heroic lone genius"model of science?Why or why not?(Answer in 2-3 sentences) 5.What lesson does the story of Franklin teach about the nature of scientific discovery and the value of caution? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the world of science,the ability to build upon past work is as crucial as original ideas.These days,it means respecting intellectual property through proper Failing to do so can lead to serious consequences and stories of scientific misconduct.Take,for example,the famous case of the"piltdown man."For decades,this fossil was believed to be the "missing link"between apes and humans,an discovery that seemed to prove evolutionary theory.Its was a gravel pit in England, and it was presented as a -changing find. However,the discovery was not what it appeared to be.A careful and analysis decades later revealed it was a complex forgery.The jawbone was from an orangutan,and the skull was from a modern human.This was not just a case of an honest mistake;it was a deception that undermined public trust in science for many years.This historical to the reputation of science serves as a powerful reminder of the importance oftransparency and skepticism. To such problems,modemn science has developed a peer-review system,where other experts must verify findings before they are published.This process,while not perfect,is one of the most inventions of the scientific method.It acts as a filter,ensuring that new claims are backed by solid evidence.So,while a single researcher might be capable of a brilliant idea,the social process of verification-the slow,critical evaluation by the scientific community-is what ultimately towards the truth.This collective intellectual effort is the tue engine of progress,ensuring that we don't mistake a clever story for a sound 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办主题为&#x201C,The Power of Curiosity in Science的征文活 动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.结合弗兰克林风筝实验或其它科学事例，说明好奇心在科学发现中的重要性。 2.作为高中生，我们应如何培养和保持对科学的好奇心。 注意： 1.词数120-150； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 范文： Dear Editor, My First Impression of High School There is an eternal motor driving human progress in the world of science,and it is none other than cuniosity.The famous story of Benjamin Franklin's kite experiment,regardless of its factual accuracy, perfectly symbolizes this truth.It was his burning curiosity to understand the nature of electricity that drove him to challenge the unknown.Similarly,Newton's curiosity about a falling apple led to the law of gravity.These examples show that every monumental scientific leap often begins with a simple question: "Why?" As high school students,we must nurture this innate and precious quality.Firstly,we should look beyond textbooks and actively question everything we learn,refusing to accept information at face value Secondly,we should never be afraid of failures,as they are just stepping stones to discovery.We can also engage in hands-on experiments or join science clubs to fuel our passion for the unknown. In conclusion,curiosity is the torch that lights the path of exploration.Let us keep questioning,keep wondering,and keep exploring the fascinating world of science. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage A:1.C 2.A3.C4.B 5.C 阅读理解 Passage B:6.C 7.B8.D9.B 10.D 1.B,2.C,3.C,4.D;5.C6.A,7.A,8.C,9.A;10.B;11.B,12.B,13.A,14.C,15. 二、 完形填空 A 1.The main methods were X-ray crystallography (used by Franklin)and building physical models based on available data (used by Watson and Crick). 2.Photo 51 was important because its clear X-shaped pattern provided strong evidence for the helical structure of DNA and allowed Franklin to calculate the molecule's key dimensions 3.The key difference was that Franklin took a methodical,cautious,and data-driven 三、阅读短文approach,meticulously verifying her evidence,while Watson and Crick were more 回答问题 focused on quickly constructing a model,sometimes using data without full verification 4.No.The story shows it was a collaborative and competitive effort,not the work of a lone genius.Watson and Crick's"flash of insight"was built upon Franklin's rigorous and painstaking experimental data. 5.It teaches that the true engine of scientific discovery is often thorough,evidence- based research,and that caution and skepticism are strengths,not weaknesses.It also highlights the importance of ethical behavior in science. 1.citation 2.extraordinary 3.origin 4.theory 5.accurate 6.minor 7.injury 8.cure 9. 四、短文填空 brilliant 10.mentally 11.streams 12.species