Unit 2 Making a difference（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（外研版）

Unit 2 Making a difference 教材全解（二） cancer royal institution assistance registration 。单元核心词汇 confirmation Nazi Jewish aid temporary military achievement等 。单元同步语法 定语从句（非限制性定语从句） ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.institution/mstr'tju:n/n.机构，团体；制度 词形变化：institutional(adi.）机构的；制度上的 搭配：financial institution金融机构；educational institution教育机构；institution of higher learning高等院校 例句：The government set up a new institution to help the poor. Many institutions offer scholarships to outstanding students. 2.assistance/e'sIstens/n.帮助，援助 词形变化：assist(v.)帮助；assistant(n.)助手，助理；assisted(adj.)受辅助的 搭配：technical assistance技术援助；financial assistance经济援助；come to one's assistance帮助某人 例句：Victims of the earthquake received immediate assistance. Without your assistance,I could not have finished the project. 3.registration/,Ied3'strer fn/n.登记，注册 词形变化：register(w.)登记，注册；registered(adj.)已注册的 搭配：registration form登记表；registration fee报名费；vehicle registration车辆 登记 例句：Online registration for the course ends next Friday. You need to fill in the registration form before entering the library. 4.confirmation/kpnfe'mer/n.证实，证明；确认 词形变化：confirm(v.)确认，证实；confirmed(adj.)已被证实的；confirmation letter确认信 搭配：in confirmation of为了确认…；written confirmation书面确认； confirmation number确认编码 例句：We are still waiting for confirmation of the flight time. The experiment provided confirmation of the theory. 5,temporary/'tempreri/adj.临时的，短暂的 词形变化：temporarily(adv.)临时地；temporary worker临时工 搭配：temporary job临时工作；temporary solution临时解决方案；temporary accommodation临时住所 例句：They found temporary housing after the flood, He took a temporary position at the company. 6.military/mIlatri/n.军队；adj.军事的 词形变化：nilitarize(v.)军事化；nilitant(adj.)好战的 搭配：military service兵役；military training军事训练；join the military参军 例句：He decided to join the military after high school. The country has strong military forces. 7.achievement/A'ti:vment/n.成绩，成就 词形变化：achieve(v.)取得，实现；achievable(adj.)可实现的 搭配：outstanding achievement杰出成就；sense of achievement成就感；academic achievement学业成绩 例句：Winning the gold medal was a great achievement. Hard work leads to achievement 8.treatment/'ti:tmnt/n.治疗；疗法；对待 词形变化：treat(w.)治疗；对待；treatment plan治疗方案 搭配：medical treatment医疗；under treatment在治疗中；treatment for cancer 症治疗 例句：He is receiving treatment for his illness. The treatment proved effective. 9.obtain/ab'ten/v.获得，得到 词形变化：obtainable(adj.)可获得的；obtaining(h.)获得 搭配：obtain information获取信息；obtain permission获得许可；obtain a degree 获得学位 例句：You can obtain the form from the office. It's not easy to obtain a visa. 10.dug/drAg/n.药物，药材；毒品 词形变化：druggist(.)药剂师；drugstore(血.）药店 搭配：drug abuse滥用药物；prescription drug处方药；drug test药检 例句：The doctor prescribed a new drug for his cough, Drug addiction is a serious social problem. ll.certificate/sa'tfiket/n.证明书，证书 词形变化：certify(v.)证明，认证；certified(adj.)有证书的；certification(n.) 认证 搭配：birth certificate出生证明；graduation certificate毕业证书；certificate of honor荣誉证书 例句：You need a medical certificate to apply for the job, She received a certificate for completing the training 12.ministry/'minIstri/n.(政府的)部 词形变化：minister(n.)部长；ministry of education教育部 搭配：the Ministry of Health卫生部；the Foreign Ministry外交部 例句：The Ministry of Education issued new guidelines. He works in the Ministry of Finance. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.The university is a well-known educational (institute). 2.With the (assist)of modern technology,we can work more efficiently. 3.Please complete the (register)form before the deadline. 4.We need written (confirm)of the booking. 5.They offered us a (temporarily)place to stay until we found a house. 6.Many young people choose to join the (military)after college. 7.Her greatest (achieve)was winning the national competition. 8.The patient is receiving (treat)for a heart problem. 9.It's difficult to (obtain)a visa without a proper reason. 10.The doctor advised him not to take any (drug)without prescription. 11.You must bring your birth (certificate)to apply for a passport. 12.The (minister)of education announced a new policy. (二)短文填空 In order to get proper medical 1. Mr.Brown decided to apply for a 2. visa.First,he went to a government 3. to fill in the 4. form.He needed to provide a medical 5. and some documents to 6. permission After a long wait,he received a 7. letter.With the 8. of a local organization,he got access to the necessary 9. His greatest 10. was that he successfully completed the treatment.Later,he even joined the 11. as a volunteer to help others.The 12. of health praised his courage 参考答案 1.institution;2.assistance;3.registration;4.confirmation;5.temporary; (一)单句填空 6.military:7.achievement;8.treatment,9.obtain;10.drug;11.certificate; 12.ministry 1.treatment;2.temporary;3.institution;4.registration;5.certificate;6.obtain; (二)短文填空 7.confirmation;8.assistance;9.drug;10.achievement,11.military;12.ministry 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 项目 内容 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整。 定义 它与先行词之间通常用逗号隔开。 结构 先行词+逗号+关系词+从句剩余部分（主谓宾等） which(指物，也可指代整个主句)；who(指人，主格)；whom(指 关系代词 人，宾格)：whose(指人或物，所有格)；s(引导非限制性定语从 句，可位于句首、句中或句尾，常表示&#34：正如&#34：) 关系副词 when(指时间)；where(指地点) 注意事项 非限制性定语从句中不能用that,也不能省略关系词。 1 The book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting. (这本书很有 趣，我昨天买的。) 2 My father,who is a doctor,works in this hospital. (我父亲在这家医院 典型例句 工作，他是一名医生。) ③He passed the exam,which made his parents happy.(他通过了考试， 这让他的父母很高兴。) ④As we all know,the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。) 限制性定语从句：去掉后主句意思不完整，不用逗号。 区别 非限制性定语从句：去掉后主句意思仍完整，必须用逗号。 考点通关 非限制性定语从句 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.My sister, you met at the party,is a teacher. A.which B.whom C.whose D.when 2.The new library, was built last year,is open to the public. A.that B.what C.which D.where 3.He has a lot of friends,most of support him. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 4.The president will visit our school next month, we all look forward to. A.that B.which C.what D.where 5. is known to everyone,water is essential for life. A.Which B.That C.As D.What 6.I will never forget the day, I first met her. A.when B.which C.that D.where 7.The old man, son is a famous writer,lives alone. A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 8.The Great Wall, history dates back over 2000 years,attracts millions of tourists. A.whose B.which C.that D.where 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 1.The teacher praised Tom, had done very well in the exam. 2.The factory, we visited last week,has been closed. 3.She married a man, name I can't remember. 4.The meeting will be held next Tuesday, we have already informed everyone. 5. is often the case,the harder you work,the more you get. 6.I borrowed a book from the library, title is "The Old Man and the Sea". 7.The city,I was born 20 years ago,has changed a lot. 8.The students,most of are from Asia,are studying English. 9.He told me a story, moved me deeply. 10.We arrived at the station at 5 p.m, the train had just left. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.Di8.A 1.who;2.which;3.whose;4.which;5.As;6.whose; 语法专练二：语法填空 7.where;8.whom;9.which;10.when A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 The power of good Volunteering is not just about helping others;it is also about changing ourselves and our perspective on the world. V-ing形式+谓语动词 志愿服务不仅仅是帮助别人，也是改变自己和我们对世界的看法。 动名词表示行为或事件，作主语时谓语用单数。 What I love most about volunteering is the chance to meet new people and to learn about heir lives and experiences. What+主语+谓语+系动词+表语 我最喜欢的是认识新朋友和了解他们生活和经历的机会。 what在从句中充当宾语或主语，意为“…的事物”。 3.It is not about how much time or money we give,but about the care and attention we show to the people we are helping. 介词+连接词+主语+谓语（陈述语序） 重要的不是我们给予多少时间或金钱，而是我们对待所帮助的人的关心和关注。 从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 This experience has taught me that we all have the power to make a positive impact on the world,no matter how small our actions may seem 主语+及物动词+that+从句（陈述语序) 这段经历教会我，我们都有能力对世界产生积极影响，无论我们的行动看起来多么微 小。 that无实际意义，只起连接作用，可省略。 No matter how small our actions may seem. no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 无论我们的行动看起来多么微小。 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论多么…” 6.Having volunteered at a local hospital for several years,I have seen firsthand the difference that a little kindness and compassion can make in someone's life. Having+过去分词（现在分词完成式）+其他，主句 在一家当地医院做了多年志愿者后，我亲眼目睹了小小的善意和同情能在别人生活中 带来的改变。 现在分词短语作状语，表示时间或原因，完成式强调动作先于主句。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 〈 (volunteer)is a meaningful activity. 2.What I enjoy most about the job (be)the people I work with. 3.We talked about (whether)we should help the old man. 4.I have learned (that)kindness can make a big difference. 5.No matter (hard)you try,you should keep going. 6. (live)in the city for years,she knows it very well. 7.It is not about (how)much time we spend,but about the quality of our help. 8.I think (that)everyone has the power to help. 9. (What)she told me surprised me a lot. 10.The chance (travel)abroad is very valuable. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.志愿服务不仅仅是帮助别人，也是改变我们自己。 2.我最喜欢的是认识新朋友的机会。 3.我们谈论的是我们能给予多少关爱。 4.经验教会我，小小的善举也能带来巨大的影响。 5.无论我们的行动看起来多么微小，我们都有力量。 6.在医院做了几年志愿者后，我亲眼看到了差异。 7.我相信志愿服务是最有意义的事情之一。 8.我们要关心的是我们如何帮助别人。 9. 每天做一点好事能改变我们对世界的看法。 10.无论未来发生什么，我都会继续帮助需要帮助的人。 参考答案 1.Volunteering;2.is;3.whether;4.that;5.how;6.Having 练习一：完成句子 lived;7.how;8.that;9.What;10.to travel 1.Volunteering is not just about helping others;it is also about changing ourselves.2.What I love most is the chance to meet new people.;3.We are talking about how much care we can give.4.Experience has taught me that a small act of kindness can make a big difference.5.No matter how small our actions may seem,we have the power.;6.Having volunteered at a hospital for 练习二：翻译句子 several years,I have seen the difference firsthand.7.I believe that volunteering is one of the most meaningful things.8.What we should care about is how we help others.9.Doing a little good every day can change our perspective on the world.;10.No matter what happens in the future,I will continue to help those in need. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In 2018,a young British engineer named James Biyan set out on a joumey that would change the lives of thousands of people in rural Afiica.While working for a renewable energy company in London,he had learned about the severe lack of electricity in many remote villages across the continent.Inspired by the idea that even small technological innovations could make a huge difference,he quit his well-paid job and moved to Malawi. The problem was clear:without reliable power,children couldn't study at night,clinics couldn't store vaccines,and small businesses couldn't operate after sunset.However,building a traditional power grid would cost millions of dollars and take years.James realized that a decentralized approach-using portable solar-powered devices-might be the answer.He designed a cheap,durable solar lamp that could be assembled from locally available materials,costing less than $10 per unit. The early prototypes were tested in a village of 200 families.Feedback was immediate and overwhelming.Families reported that children's study time increased by an average of three hours per day.Women could weave baskets and sell them at markets that opened early in the moming.Alocal health clinic was able to keep medicines cool for the first time.Within six months,James had raised funds from a crowdfunding campaign to produce 10,000 lamps. But James didn't stop there.He trained local people to become "solar ambassadors",teaching them to repair and maintain the lamps.This created jobs and ensured the project's sustainability.By 2023,over 50,000 lamps had been distributed across three countries,impacting an estimated 250,000 people.James's story is now taught in business schools as a model of"frugal innovation"-creating high-impact solutions with minimal resources. Yet James remains humble."I didn't invent anything new,"he says."The technology existed.What mattered was the will to put it into the hands of those who needed it most,and the trust in local communities to make it work." ()1.What motivated James Bryan to leave his job and go to Malawi? A.He wanted to test his new solar lamp design B.He learned about the lack of electricity in rural Afica. C.He was offered a higher salary by a company in Malawi. D.He was inspired by a business school case study. ()2.What makes James's solar lamp different from traditional solutions? A.It is cheaper and can be made from local materials B.It uses advanced technology that requires expert installation. C.It relies on a central power grid for charging. D.It was funded entirely by the Malawi goverment. ()3.What was one immediate effect of the solar lamps in the village? A.The villagers started using mobile phones. B.Children had more time to study at night. C.The number of clinics increased. D.The cost of living decreased significantly ()4.How did James ensure the long-term success ofhis project? A.He built a power grid for the village B.He trained local people to maintain the lamps C.He donated all profits to the govemnment. D.He moved to Afica permanently. ()5.What does the term "fiugal innovation"in the passage refer to? A.Using the cheapest possible materials. B.Creating high-impact solutions with minimal resources. C.Relying on government funding for projects D.Focusing on profit rather than social impact. Passage 2 The concept of"making a difference"often conjures images of grand gestures-founding a charity, building a school,or discovering a cure.However,recent research in social psychology suggests that the most sustainable changes frequently come from small,consistent actions embedded in our daily routines. This idea,known as the "aggregation of marginal gains",was popularized by British cycling coach Dave Brailsford,who argued that improving every aspect of performance by just 1%would lead to a significant overall improvement. Dr.Emily Zhang,a professor at Stanford University,has been studying how ordinary people create positive social impact through small acts.Her 2022 study tracked 500 volunteers over three years. Participants were asked to perform one small act of kindness each day-such as helping a neighbor with groceries,donating a book to a library,or simply listening to a fiiend in distress.The results were striking: the cumulative effect of these daily actions not only improved the well-being of recipients but also increased the volunteers'own sense of purpose and happiness. But the study also revealed a critical insight:the impact of small actions often multiplies through social networks.When one person helps another,the receiver is more likely to help someone else,creating a ripple effect.For example,a simple act of shoveling snow from an elderly neighbor's driveway might inspire others on the street to do the same,leading to a cleaner,safer neighborhood for everyone. Interestingly,the research found that the most effective helpers were not those who gave the most money or time,but those who were consistent and reliable.A weekly two-hour commitment to read to children at a local library,while small in scale,had a more profound effect than a one-time large donation,because it built trust and established a routine that others could rely on. Ciitics argue that focusing on small actions may divert attention from larger systemic issues that require collective action or policy change.Dr.Zhang acknowledges this concemn but argues that the two are not mutually exclusive."Small actions build the social trust and momentum needed for larger changes,"she says."They create a culture of caring,without which big movements cannot sustain themselves." ()1.What does the "aggregation of marginal gains"refer to in the passage? A.Winning small prizes to accumulate wealth. B.Making many tiny improvements that add up to a big result. C.Focusing only on the most important tasks D.Using teamwork to achieve large goals ()2.What did Dr.Emily Zhang's study require participants to do? A.Donate a fixed amount of money each month. B.Perform one small act of kindness daily C.Volunteer at a charity for two hours a week D.Keep a joumal of their daily activities ()3.According to the study,how do small acts ofkindness create a wider impact? A.They are immediately noticed by local media B.They create a ripple effect through social networks C.They directly solve systemic problems. D.They encourage goverment regulations. ()4.What type of helper had the most profound effect in the study? A.Those who made one-time large donations. B.Those who were consistent and reliable over time C.Those who helped the largest number of people at once. D.Those who focused on helping only their family members. ()5.What is Dr.Zhang's response to critics who argue small actions are not enough? A.She agrees that small actions are pointless. B.She claims small actions can replace policy changes. C.She argues small actions build trust for larger changes. D.She says the study only focused on personal benefits. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was 16,I volunteered at a local nursing home every Saturday.My job was simple:I would push residents in their wheelchairs to the garden so they could get some sunshine.At first,I found it boring and even (1) Most residents were silent,staring into space.But I had made a commitment,so I kept going. One afternoon,I met Mrs.Clara,an 87-year-old woman who rarely spoke.As I wheeled her outside,she suddenly (2) my hand and whispered,"The roses are blooming."I looked at the garden and saw nothing special-just a few red flowers.But to her,they were a (3) ofspring and hope. She began to tell me about the garden she had planted when she was young,the war she had survived, and the husband she had lost.I listened,(4)that she had so much to share. Over the next few months,I realized that my role wasn't just about pushing wheelchairs.It was about providing(5) -a listening ear,a gentle touch,and a reminder that someone cared.The residents started to recognize me and smile.One man even saved me a piece of cake from his lunch every week. Years later,when I applied for medical school,I wrote about my (6) at the nursing home.The admissions officer told me that my essay was one of the most memorable she had read."It shows that you understand the (7) of human connection,"she said. Now,as a doctor,I still cany those lessons with me.I make it a point to sit at my patients'bedside,even for a minute,and ask them about their lives.Sometimes a smile or a kind word can be as (8) as any medicine. Looking back,I realize that it was not the nursing home that needed me;I needed it.It taught me that making a difference doesn't require grand(9) or huge sacrifices.It requires showing up,being present,and (10) to see the beauty in small moments 1.A.rewarding B.challenging C.unforgettable D.stressful 2.A.shook B.raised C.grabbed D.released 3.A.symbol B.result C.gift D.memory 4.A.regretting B.realizing C.imagining D.pretending 5.A.information B.entertainment C.companionship D.treatment 6.A.research B.experience C.complaint D.criticism 7.A.power B.limit C.definition D.risk 8.A.expensive B.powerful C.rare D.bitter 9.A.gestures B.speeches C.donations D.promises 10.A.forgetting B.learning C.refusing D.failing 三、阅读短文回答问题 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题（每题答案不超过10个词)。 In the coastal city of Qingdao,a group of retired teachers has been quietly changing lives for the past eight years.They call themselves "The Lighthouse Team".Every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon,they gather at a community center to tutor children from low-income families who are struggling with their studies.Many of these children come from single-parent households or families where both parents work long hours and cannot afford private tutoring. The team started with just three members:Mrs.Li,a former math teacher,Mr.Wang,who taught English for 35 years,and Ms.Zhao,a retired physics teacher.They used their retirement savings to buy books and stationery.Soon,word spread,and more retired teachers joined.Today,the team has 15 members,and they now serve over 60 children.They not only help with homework but also organize reading clubs and science experiments. The children's progress has been remarkable.Test scores have improved dramatically,but more importantly,the children have gained confidence.One student,Zhang Wei,who used to hate school,now dreams of becoming an engineer."They made me believe in myself,"he said. The team has received recognition from the local government,but they remain modest."We are not heroes,"Mrs.Li said."We are just old teachers who have a little time and a lot oflove." 1.What is the name of the group formed by retired teachers? 2.How many days per week does the team meet? 3.What subject did Mrs.Li teach before retirement? 4.How many children does the team currently serve? 5.What is Zhang Wei's dream job? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dr.Wangari Maathai,a Kenyan environmental activist,believed that every person has the power to make a difference.She started a simple movement:planting trees.What began as a small project in her backyard soon grew into the Green Belt Movement,which has planted over 51 million trees across Afiica. Maathai's idea was not just about(1) (environment)protection.She saw that deforestation caused soil erosion,which made farming (2) (difficult)for women.By planting trees,women could collect firewood without walking long distances,and their children would have (3) (healthy)food from improved soil.The movement also taught women about their rights and(4) (encourage)them to take leadership roles. (5) 2004,Maathai became the first Afiican woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.The committee recognized that her work connected environmental sustainability with peace."When trees are planted,we are planting seeds of hope,"she said(6)her acceptance speech. Today,the Green Belt Movement continues to thive.It has inspired similar projects in other countries. Maathai's (7) (achieve)shows that a single action,repeated with passion and purpose,can create lasting change. The (8) (important)of her work is not limited to Africa.It reminds us that making a difference does not require wealth or power.It requires (9) (see)a problem and deciding to act.As Maathai once said,"The environment and human beings are(10) (interconnect).When we degrade the environment,we degrade ourselves." Millions of trees later,her legacy lives on-a testament to the fact that one person,with dedication,can truly change the world. 2 3. 4. 5. 7. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你所在的学校正在举办以“Making a Difference”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写 一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.你对“有所作为”的理解： 2.一个你亲身经历或听说过的感人故事（可以是个人、团体或名人的事迹）： 3.号召大家从小事做起，积极行动。 注意： >词数100-120左右： 〉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： )开头和结尾已为你写好（不计入总词数）。 Dear fellow students. Good morning!Today I am honored to share my thoughts on "Making a Difference. To me,making a difference does not mean doing something grand.It means using our abilities to improve the lives of others,even in small ways. I was deeply moved by the story of James Bryan,a young engineer who left his job to bring solar lamps to rural Africa.His simple invention now lights up homes for thousands of families,allowing children to study at night and clinics to store medicines.His story shows that one person's determination can spark real change. So let's start small.Smile at a lonely classmate,help a neighbor,or donate a book.Each small act creates ripples.Together,we can make the world a better place! Thank you for listening! 参考答案 Passage 1:1.B 2.A3.B 4.B5.B 阅读理解 Passage 2:1.B 2.B 3.B4.B 5.C 二、完形填空1.B,2.C3.A,4.B,5.C6.B;7.A,8.B9.A,10.B 三、阅读短文1.The Lighthouse Team 回答问题 2.Two (days) 3.Math (or mathematics) 4.Over 60/More than 60 5.An engineer 1.environmental 2.more difficult 3.healthier 4.encouraged 5.In 6.in 7.achievement 四、短文填空 8.importance 9.seeing 10.interconnected 五、写作 范文： Dear fellow students, Good morning!Today I am honored to share my thoughts on "Making a Difference." To me,making a difference does not mean doing something grand.It means using our abilities to improve the lives of others,even in small ways. I was deeply moved by the story of James Bryan,a young engineer who left his job to bring solar lamps to rural Africa.His simple invention now lights up homes for thousands of families,allowing children to study at night and clinics to store medicines.His story shows that one person's determination can spark real change. So let's start small.Smile at a lonely classmate,help a neighbor,or donate a book.Each small act creates ripples.Together,we can make the world a better place! Thank you for listening!