Unit 3 The world of science（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（外研版）

Unit 3 The world of science 教材全解（一） ⊙单元核心词汇 press shoot gunpowder compass virtual flexible battery addition compute capable ⊙单元同步语法 现在完成时被动语态(Present perfect passive.) 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单无词汇 l.virtual/v3tual/adj.虚拟的，模拟的；几乎的，实际上的 词形变化：virtually(adv.)几乎；虚拟地 搭配：virtual reality虚拟现实；virtual world虚拟世界 用法：virtually impossible几乎不可能 例句：Virtual reality technology is widely used in education. The project is virtually finished. 2.flexible/'fleksabl/adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的；灵活的 词形变化：flexibility(m.）灵活性；flexibly(adv.)灵活地 搭配：flexible schedule灵活的时间安排；flexible working hours弹性工作时间 辨析：flexible强调可弯曲或可变通；elastic强调弹性回弹 例句：The new material is both strong and flexible, We need a more flexible approach to solve the problem. 3.addition/e'dn/n.加，加法；增加的人或物 词形变化：additional(adi.)额外的；add(v.)增加 搭配：in addition此外；in addition to除…之外（还有）；make an addition to 增加 注意：in addition作副词，常放句首；in addition to是介词短语 例句：In addition,regular exercise can improve your mood. In addition to English,she speaks French and German. 4.compute/kam'pju:t/v.计算，估算 词形变化：computation(n.)计算；computer(m.）计算机；computational(adj.) 计算的 搭配：compute the cost计算成本；compute data处理数据 辨析：compute多用于科学、数学计算；calculate日常计算；count数数 例句：The computer can compute these numbers in seconds. It's hard to compute the damage caused by the storm. 5.capable/'kerpabl/adj.有能力的，能千的 词形变化：capability(m.)能力，才能；incapable(反义词)无能力的 搭配：be capable of(doing)sth.有能力做某事 辨析：able与capable常互换，但capable后可接of,able后接todo 例句：She is capable of finishing the task on her own, The new device is capable of storing huge amounts of data. 6.desire/d'zare(r)/n.渴望，欲望；v.渴望 词形变化：desirable(adj.)值得拥有的，可取的；desired(adi.)渴望的 搭配：have a desire for sth.对…有渴望；desire to do sth.渴望做某事 句型：It is desirable that...…是可取的（虚拟语气） 例句：He has a strong desire for success. She desires to travel around the world 7.passive/paesIv/adj.被动的，消极的 词形变化：passively(adv.)被动地；passiveness(n.)被动；反义词：active 搭配：passive voice被动语态；play a passive role扮演被动角色 辨析：passive强调不主动；inactive强调不活跃 例句：Don't take a passive attitude towards your studies.. In English grammar,we often use the passive voice. 8.beyond/br'jpnd/prep.超出，在…之外；adv.在更远处 搭配：beyond one's control超出某人的控制；beyond belief难以置信；beyond question毫无疑问 用法：beyond+名词表示“无法…” 例句：The view from the top is beyond description. His behavior was beyond my understanding. 9.instance/'mstens/n.例子，实例 词形变化：for instance例如(=for example) 搭配：in the first instance首先；take.for instance以…为例 辨析：instance多指具体事例；example更通用 例句：For instance,regular reading can improve vocabulary. In this instance,we should follow the rules l0.significant/sIg'nifikent//adj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的 词形变化：significance(m.)重要性，意义；significantly(adv.)显著地 搭配：significant progress重大进步；significant difference显著差异 辨析：significant强调意义重大；important更常用；vital强调生死攸关 例句：The discovery is of great significance to science. There has been a significant increase in sales this year. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The new software is (virtual)impossible to understand without guidance. 2.We need to make our schedule more (flexibility)to meet everyone's needs. 3. addition to the main course,there are several side dishes. 4.The cost of the project is difficult (compute)due to many variables. 5.She is (capable)of solving this problem on her own. 6.He has a strong (desire)to become a scientist. 7.In the sentence "The cake was eaten by Tom",the verb is in the (passive) voice. 8.This problem is (beyond)my ability to solve. 9.For (instance),you can start by reading the instructions carefully. 10.The new policy has brought about a (significance)change in the company. (二)短文填空 In today's world,technology is developing at a 1. speed.For 2. 3. reality allows users to experience a 4. learning environment.In to entertainment,such technology is 6. oft杠aining doctors. However,some people 7. a more 8. lifestyle,which is 9. the healthy standard.It is important to 10. the balance between technology use and real life. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.virtually;2.flexible;3.In;4.to compute;5.capable;6.desire;7.passive; 8.beyond;9.instance;10.significant (二)短文填空 1.significant;2.instance;3.virtual;4.flexible;5.addition;6.capable;7.desire; 8.passive;9.beyond;10.compute 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 现在完成时被动语态 现在完成时被动语态 项目 内容 定义 表示到说话时为止，主语（动作的承受者）已经被完成的动作。强调动作 已完成且对现在产生影响，主语是动作的承受者。 肯定句：主语+have/has+been+过去分词+其他。 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+过去分词+其他。 结构 般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词+其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+过去分词+其他？ 用法详解 1. 表示某个被动动作发生在过去，但强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 >The work has been finished.工作已经完成了。（现在不用再做） 2.表示某动作从过去某一时刻开始，持续到现在，且可能继续。常与fom /since连用。 >The bridge has been repaired for three months.这座桥己经被修理了三个 月。（仍在修理）》 3. 常用于新闻报道、公告等，强调客观事实或结果。 >The new law has been passed.新法律已经通过了。 4.常与already/yet/ever/never/recently/lately等时间状语连用。 >Has the letter been sent yet?信已经寄出了吗？ √主语是动作的承受者，动词必须是及物动词。 √have/has的选择取决于主语的人称和数：主语为第三人称单数用 has,其余用have. √过去分词要正确拼写，不规则动词需熟记。 注意事项 √与一般过去时被动语态(was/were+过去分词)的区别： 般过去时：强调动作发生在过去，与现在无关。 The letter was sent yesterday. (只说明昨天寄了) 现在完成时：强调动作对现在的影响或结果。 The letter has been sent. (信已经寄出，现在不在手边) 考点通关 现在完成时被动语态 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.All the tickets for the concert out already. A.have been sold B.had been sold C.were sold D.are sold 2.So far,the bridge to the public. A.hasn't been B.wasn't opened C.hadn't been D.hasn't opened opened opened 3.-Have you heard about the accident?-Yes,the injured to the hospital. A.have been taken B.are taken C.were taken D.had been taken 4.Up to now,the novel into many languages. A.is translated B.was translated C.has been D.had been translated translated 5.The classroom yet,so we can't have the meeting there. A.hasn't cleaned B.hasn't been C.wasn't cleaned D.isn't cleaned cleaned 6.Great changes in my hometown in the last few years. A.have taken place B.have been taken C.took place D.had taken place place 7.-When will the project be finished?-It already.The manager just told me. A.has completed B.has been C.was completed D.is completed completed 8.Many trees in our city since last spring. A.are planted B.have planted C.were planted D.have been planted 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The Great Wall,one of the most famous wonders in the world by millions of tourists since it became a UNESCO World Heritage site. 2.In recent years,many parts of it to protect them from damage. 3.A lot of old bricks to restore the wall. 4.So far,the government a huge amount of money on the project. 5.However,some sections of the wall well yet. 6.Visitors are often told that graffiti on the ancient wall. 7.But unfortunately,new scratches on the surface recently. 8.To solve the problem,new rules since last year. 9.In addition,a monitoring system in the past few months. 10.Thanks to these measures,the situation gradually. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.D 1.has been visited;2.have been repaired;3.have been used;4.has spent;5.haven't been protected;6.has already 语法专练二：语法填空 been forbidden;7.have been found;8.have been introduced;9.has been set up;10.has been improved 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 The New Age of Invention 1.What makes the 21st century so special is the speed at which new technologies are being developed. 结构：What+谓语（从句）+系动词+表语 中文：使21世纪如此特别的是新技术开发的速度。 用法：what引导的主语从句在句中充当主语，谓语动词用单数；what在从句中充当主 语或宾语，不可省略；注意区分what和that的用法。 2....the speed at which new technologies are being developed... 结构：先行词+介词+which/whom+定语从句 中文：新技术被开发的速度 用法：当关系代词wich或whom在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可前置；介词的选 择取决于先行词或从句中的动词搭配；高中常见搭配：at which（速度)，in which (方式/领域)，for which(原因)，with which(工具)等。 3.Having seen how smartphones and social media have transformed the way we communicate,I can only imagine what the future holds for us. 结构：Having+过去分词，+主句 中文：看到了智能手机和社交媒体如何改变了我们交流的方式后，我无法想象未来会 带来什么。 用法：现在分词完成式表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前；逻辑主语与主句主语一 致，表示主动关系；常作时间状语、原因状语，相当于after/because+从句。 4. It is amazing to think that something as simple as a mobile phone can connect us to people all over the world. 结构：It+be+形容词+(for sb..)+to do sth./that从句 中文：令人惊奇的是，像手机这样简单的东西可以连接我们与全世界的人。 用法：it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式或that从句；常见形容词：amazing, impo1tant,necessary,difficult,,possible等；如需表明不定式的逻辑主语，用for引 出。 5.This article has shown that invention is not just about creating new gadgets,but about solving problems and improving the quality of people's lives. 结构：及物动词+that+陈述句 中文：这篇文章表明，发明不仅仅是创造新设备，而是解决问题和提高人们的生活质 量。 用法：tht在宾语从句中无实义，可省略（但建议不省，尤其书面语中）；从句必须 使用陈述语序：注意从句时态与主句保持一致，若主句为过去时，从句常用相应的过 去时态。 6....invention is not just about creating new gadgets,but about solving problems... 结构：not just/only..but(also).+并列成分 中文：发明不仅仅是创造新设备，而是解决问题。 用法：连接两个并列的成分，强调后者；also可省略，但常用not only.but also.;连 接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。 7.I believe that the next great invention will come from someone who is not afraid to think outside the box and to take risks. 结构：先行词（人）+wh0+从句 中文：我相信下一个伟大的发明将来自一个敢于跳出框架思考并冒险的人。 用法：who在从句中作主语，不可省略；先行词为someone,anyone,the person等指 人的不定代词时，常用wo;从句谓语动词与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。 ...someone who is not afraid to think outside the box and to take risks 结构：固定短语 中文：敢于跳出框架思考并冒险的人 用法：think outside the box:跳出固有思维模式，创新思考；take risks:冒险。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.What (make)the 21st century special is the speed of change. 2.This is the way which he solved the problem.(填介 词) 3. (see)the results,he felt very excited. 4.It is necessary us to protect the environment..(填介 词) 5.The teacher told us invention changes our lives. 连词) 6.She is not just a teacher, also a writer.(填连词) 7.Anyone breaks the rules will be warned.(填关系代 词) 8.To think outside box requires creativity.(填冠词) 9. (take)risks is necessary for success. 10.The mobile phone connects us people all over the world.(填介词) 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.使21世纪如此特别的是新技术开发的速度。 2.这就是他开发的软件运行的方式。 3.看到了智能手机的影响后，我开始对发明更感兴趣。 4.令人惊奇的是，这样一个小装置可以改变我们的生活。 5.文章表明发明不仅仅是创造新设备。 6. 他不仅是一位发明家，还是一位企业家。 7.敢于跳出框架思考的人将引领未来。 8.发明家经常需要冒险去尝试新想法。 9.我们需要的是敢于挑战传统的人。 10.我无法想象未来会带来什么。 参考答案 1.makes;2.in;3.Having seen;4.for;5.that;6.but;7.who; 练习一：完成句子 8.the;9.Taking;10.to 1.What makes the 21st century so special is the speed at which new technologies are developed.2.This is the way in which the software he developed works.;3.Having seen the impact of smartphones,I became more interested in inventions.;4.It is amazing that such a small device can change our lives.5.The 练习二：翻译句子 article shows that invention is not just about creating new gadgets.6.He is not just an inventor,but also an entrepreneur.;7.People who dare to think outside the box will lead the future.;8.Inventors often need to take risks to try new ideas.9.What we need are people who dare to challenge traditions.10.I cannot imagine what the future holds for us. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 In the realm of scientific discovery,serendipity often plays a role as significant as deliberate research.The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 is a classic example.Fleming,a bacteriologist,was studying influenza at St.Mary's Hospital in London.After returning from a holiday,he noticed a strange phenomenon in a petri dish containing Staphylococcus bacteria.A mold,later identified as Penicillium notatum,had contaminated the dish.What was remarkable was that the bacteria surrounding the mold had been destroyed. Fleming's initial observation was purely accidental.However,his meticulous nature and scientific cuniosity prevented him from simply discarding the contaminated dish.Instead,he investigated the substance produced by the mold,which he named penicillin."He realized its potential as a powerful antibacterial agent.Yet,Fleming faced significant challenges.He found it difficult to produce penicillin in large quantities and to keep it stable and potent.Further development stalled until the late 1930s,when a team at Oxford University,led by Howard Florey and Emst Boris Chain,took up the challenge Florey and Chain's team developed methods for mass-producing and purifying penicillin,turning it into a practical medicine for the first time.During World War II,penicillin became a lifesaver,drastically reducing the number of deaths from infected wounds.The story of penicillin illustrates that scientific breakthroughs are rarely linear.They are a complex interplay of chance,keen observation,persistent effort,and collaborative work.Without Fleming's accidental observation,the mold might have been dismissed as a mere nuisance.Without the systematic work of Florey and Chain,penicillin might have remained a laboratory curiosity Today,the overuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria,a serious public health threat.This new challenge shows that the scientific journey is never truly over.The discovery of penicillin was a monumental achievement,but it also highlights the continuous need for innovation,vigilance,and responsible use of scientific advancements. ()1.What was the initial cause ofAlexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin? A.A deliberate experiment to find a new drug. B.An accidental contamination in his lab. C.A study of Penicillium notatum mold. D.A request from St.Mary's Hospital. ()2.According to the passage,why did the development of penicillin stall after Fleming's discovery? A.Fleming lost interest in his research. B.The mold was too dangerous to handle C.There were challenges in production and stability. D.The Oxford team was not interested in it. ()3.What does the word "meticulous"in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A.Careless B.Creative C.Patient D.Careful and precise ()4.What is the purpose of mentioning the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the last paragraph? A.To show a negative consequence of a great discovery. B.To prove that penicillin is no longer useful. C.To introduce a new topic unrelated to science. D.To emphasize the importance of Fleming's work. ()5.What is the main idea of this passage? A.The history of penicillin is a simple story of success. B.Scientific breakthroughs often result from a combination of chance and hard work. C.Fleming should get all the credit for the discovery of penicillin. D.The overuse of antibiotics is the biggest problem in medicine. Passage 2 Artificial intelligence(AD has transitioned from science fiction to a fundamental part of our daily lives, influencing everything from how we search the internet to how we drive our cars.However,as AI systems become more powerful and autonomous,a critical question arises:How can we ensure these systems make decisions that are fair,ethical,and transparent?This is the core challenge ofAI ethics. One of the most pressing issues is algorithmic bias.AI systems leamn from data.If the data used to train an AI reflects existing societal prejudices,the AI will leam and even amplify those biases.For instance,an AI used in hiring might be trained on historical data from a company where most successful candidates were men.Consequently,the AI might unfairly disadvantage female applicants,not because it's intentionally sexist,but because the data taught it that male candidates are more successful."This creates a feedback loop where past discrimination is perpetuated by technology. Another significant concern is the"black box"problem.Many high-performing AI models,particularly deep learning networks,are so complex that even their creators cannot fully explain how they reach a specific decision.When an AI denies a loan application or recommends a prison sentence,we have the right to know why.This lack of explainability is a major obstacle to building trust and ensuring accountability.The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)even includes a "right to explanation,"allowing individuals to request a meaningful explanation of algorithmic decisions made about them. To address these issues,researchers are developing techniques for "explainable AI(AD and creating datasets designed to be more representative and fair.Govemments and tech companies are also formulating ethical guidelines and frameworks.The future ofAI does not depend solely on making it more powerful,but on making it more aligned with human values.It is not a purely technological problem;it requires a multidisciplinary effort involving computer scientists,sociologists,philosophers, and policymakers to ensure that the age of intelligent machines is also an age of justice and reason ()1.What is the main challenge ofAI ethics discussed in the passage? A.Making AI more powerful. B.Ensuring AI decisions are fair and transparent. C.Preventing AI from writing science fiction. D.Reducing the cost ofAI development. ()2.How does "algorithmic bias"occur? A.A.I.is programmed to be prejudiced on purpose. B.The AI learns and amplifies biases found in its training data. C.The AI system is not powerful enough to make correct decisions. D.The black box problem makes the AI unaccountable. ()3.What does the right to explanation"mentioned in paragraph 3 imply? A.People can ask computer scientists for a free class on AI. B.Individuals have the legal right to know how an AI decision about them was made. C.AI systems must be able to speak a human language. D.The AI must explain its decision in a simple way. ()4.According to the passage,who should be involved in solving AI ethics problems? A.Only computer scientists B.Only the government C.Experts from multiple fields D.Only the tech companies. ()5.What is the author's attitude towards the future of AI? A.Highly optimistic that all problems will be solved easily. B.Pessimistic and believes AI will be dangerous C.Neutral,merely stating facts without an opinion. D.Cautiously hopeful,emphasizing the need for responsible development. 二、完形填空 For many people,the word "genius"calls to mind images ofAlbert Einstein or Isaac Newton.They are the (1) of intelligence,people whose breakthroughs have shaped our world.But what does it actually mean to be a genius?Is it a fixed(2) that you either have or you don't?Or is it something that can be developed through effort and practice? In the past,genius was often considered a(3) gift,something you were bomn with.You (4) had it,or you didn't.This idea was partly(5)by the path of Mozart,who started composing music at a very young age.However,modemn research in psychology,particularly the work of Anders Ericsson,(6) a different perspective.His research ondeliberate practice"suggests that high performance in any field,from chess to violin,comes from thousands ofhours of focused,goal- oriented (7) This doesn't mean that anyone can become a world-class expert in anything,as inherent talent and (8) factors like body size also play a role.However,the idea of genius as purely natural talent is an oversimplification.Being a genius is less about having an unbelievably high IQ and more about having an(9) combination of creativity,perseverance,and a passion for a specific domain Consider the story of Thomas Edison.He famously failed thousands of times before creating a working light bulb.He didn't let failure(10)him;instead,he saw it as a leamning experience.This type of grit,or passion for long-term goals,is often a more(11) predictor of success than raw intelligence. Modemn definitions of genius(12) creativity and a deep,often obsessive,commitment to a field.It's the ability to see connections that others miss and to (13) new ways of solving problems.In this sense,the potential for genius lies not in a rare genetic(14) but in a particular way of thinking and acting.It is a process where dedication meets(15) creating something that changes how we see the world. 1.A.enemies B.symbols C.leaders D.players 2.A.trait B.mistake C.lesson D.grade 3.A.common B.rare C.simple D.lucky 4.A.always B.often C.either D.neither 5.A.supported B.rejected C.ignored D.doubted 6.A.joins B.blocks C.offers D.denies 7.A.rest B.study C.practice D.thought 8.A.social B.mental C.cultural D.physical 9.A.ordinary B.unusual C.terrible D.obvious 10.A.stop B.help C.teach D.surprise 11.A.popular B.reliable C.difficult D.dangerous 12.A.hide B.lack C.reduce D.highlight 13.A.imagine B.avoid C.copy D.repeat 14.A.difference B.lottery C.change D.disease 15.A.failure B.luck C.innovation D.doubt 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the passage and answer the following questions in complete sentences. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 is widely considered one of the most transformative events in human history.Before Gutenberg,books were rare,expensive objects, laboriously copied by hand,usually by monks.This meant that knowledge was largely confined to the Church,the wealthy,and a small class of scholars.The vast majority of the population was illiterate. Gutenberg's genius was not in inventing every single component of his press.The concepts of a screw press,paper,and oil-based ink already existed.His breakthrough was synthesizing these existing technologies into a single,efficient,and commercially viable system.The most crucial innovation was the development of movable type,which allowed individual letters to be cast in metal,arranged into pages, used for printing,and then reused for another page. The impact was immediate and profound.Information could now be produced and disseminated at a speed and scale previously unimaginable.The first major book printed was the Gutenberg Bible,and it set a new standard for quality and consistency.The flood of printed materials that followed-pamphlets, scientific treatises,maps,and religious texts-fueled the Renaissance,the Reformation,and the Scientific Revolution. For the first time,ordinary people could access ideas that challenged the established authority of the Church and state.Martin Luther's 95 Theses,for example,were printed and distributed widely,sparking the Protestant Reformation.Scientists could share their findings with colleagues across Europe,leading to a rapid acceleration of discovery.The printing press did not just change what people knew,it changed how they thought.It promoted critical thinking and created a public sphere where ideas could be debated. In many ways,the printing press was the internet of the 15th century.It democratized knowledge, reshaped society,and empowered individuals.The challenges it brought-information overload,the spread of misinformation-are remarkably similar to those we face in our digital age today. 1.What was the main limitation of knowledge dissemination before the printing press? 2.What was Gutenberg's most crucial innovation that made his printing press revolution different from existing technologies? 3.What were some of the major historical movements that the printing press is said to have fueled? 4.According to the passage,how did the printing press change the way people thought? 5.How does the author compare the printing press to a modern phenomenon,and why? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world of science is full of wonders that challenge our everyday understanding.Consider the concept of a"virtual"world,made possible by (1)power.In a(2) reality simulation,a person can explore a(3) environment that mimics the real world or creates entirely new ones. What makes this (4) of being so immersive is the speed at which data is processed. n(5) to entertainment,this technology has a wide range of scientific(6) .For example,surgeons can practice complex operations in a(7) safe space before performing them on actual patients.This (8)reduces the risk of error.The(9) for safer and more effective training methods has driven this innovation. However,scientists must also be careful.A (10) acceptance of technology without understanding its principles can be dangerous.It is important to go(11)just using the tool and to understand the science behind it.For(12) learning the basics of programming can be a powerful skill.Many great discoveries come from a deep curiosity and a(13)to explore the unknown.We should not be (14) of critical thought in the age of information,but rather,use these powerful tools to solve the (15) problems facing our world. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. 五、写作 假设你是高一新生李华，你所在的国际学校正在举办以“My First Impression of High School”为 题的征文活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你对新学校的第一印象（环境、同学、老师等）： 2.开学以来你遇到的挑战或感悟； 3.你对未来高中生活的期待。 要求： 1.词数120-150词： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editor, My First Impression of High School As a freshman,my first impression of our school was a mix of awe and anxiety. I am truly looking forward to the next three years. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage 1:1.B2.C 3.D 4.A5.B 阅读理解 Passage 2:1.B2.B 3.B4.C 5.D 1.B,2.A;3.B,4.C,5.A;6.C,7.C8.D;9.B;10.A,11.B,12.D;13.A,14.B;15 二、 完形填空 C 1.Before the printing press,books were rare and expensive,limiting knowledge to the Church,the wealthy,and scholars. 2.Gutenberg's most crucial innovation was the development of movable type. 3.The printing press fueled the Renaissance,the Reformation,and the Scientific 三、阅读短文 Revolution. 回答问题 4.It promoted critical thinking and created a public sphere where ideas could be debated. 5.The author compares the printing press to the internet of the 15th century,because both democratized knowledge,reshaped society,and empowered individuals 1.computing 2.virtual 3.flexible 4.capable 5.addition 6.applications 7.vitually 8. 四、短文填空significantly9.desire10.passive1l.beyond12.instance 13.desire14.incapable15 significant 五、写作 范文： Dear Editor, My First Impression of High School As a freshman,my first impression of our school was a mix of awe and anxiety.The campus was much larger than my middle school,with modern buildings and a huge sports field.I felt a bit lost at first,but the senior students were incredibly helpful,guiding me to my classroom.My classmates all seemed so outgoing and confident,which made me a little anxious about fitting in. The biggest challenge I've faced is managing the increased workload.The classes are more demanding, and the teachers expect us to be independent learners.I struggled to concentrate during my first few classes because I was distracted by everything new.But I have realized that it's okay to ask for help.I'm learning to plan my time and have made a few fiiends who share the same struggles. I am truly looking forward to the next three years.I believe high school will be a journey of self discovery,where I can explore my interests and grow into a more confident person.I hope to join the debate club and make many more great memories here. Yours, LiHua