Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（三）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修三（人教版）

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 教材全解（三） principle flexible integrity reputation earn respect ⊙单元核心词汇 responsibility responsible blame forgive apology apologize mercy sympathy sympathetic empathy justice等 。单元同步语法 状语从句中的省略 。单元文章对话 感人故事阅读 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.principle/prinsepl//n.原则；准则；道德规范 词形变化：principled(adj,)有原则的；unprincipled(adj,)无原则的 搭配：in principle原则上；moral principles道德准则 辨析：principal(adj,)主要的/n.校长（注意形近词区别） 例句：She always acted according to her moral principles.” 2.flexible/'f1 eksabl/adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；有弹性的 词形变化：flexibility(n.)灵活性；flexibly(adv.)灵活地 搭配：flexible working hours弹性工作制；be flexible about对…灵活 反义词：inflexible/igid 例句：We need a more flexible approach to the problem.” 3.integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；完整；完好 词形变化：integrate(v.)整合；integral(adj)完整的 搭配：a man of integrity正直的人；territorial integrity领土完整 辨析：integrity强调道德上的正直；honesty更侧重诚实 例句：“He is a man of great integrity,respected by everyone.” 4.reputation/,repju'tern/n.名誉；名声 词形变化：reputable(adj)声誉好的；reputedly(adv.)据说 搭配：have a good reputation有好名声；ruin one's reputation毁掉某人的名誉 辨析：reputation指别人对某人的看法；character指本人的品质 例句：The company has earned a reputation for high-quality products.” 5.eam/3:n/vt.赚得；挣得；获得；赢得 词形变化：earnings(n.pl.)收入；报酬 搭配：earn one's living谋生；earn a reputation赢得名声 辨析：eam强调通过努力获得；gain更广泛；win侧重竞争获胜 例句："She earned the respect of her colleagues through hard work.” 6.respect/r'spekt/vt.&n.尊重；尊敬；重视 词形变化：respectful(adj)恭敬的；respectable(adj,)值得尊敬的；respective(adj.) 各自的 搭配：respect sb.for sth.因某事尊重某人；be respectful of尊重…；show respect for对…表示尊敬 辨析：respectful表示“充满敬意的”；respectable表示“值得尊敬的” 例句：We should always be respectful of other people's opinions.” 7.responsibility/,sppnsa'bilati/n.责任义务；职责 词形变化：responsible(adj,)负责的；responsibly(adv.)负责地 搭配：take responsibility for对…负责；a sense of responsibility责任感 辨析：duty更强调法律或道德义务；responsibility强调应尽的责任 例句：“It's your responsibility to finish the task on time.” 8.responsible/I'sppnsabl/adj.负责的；有责任的；可靠的 词形变化：responsibility(m.),irresponsibly(adv.)不负责任地 搭配：be responsible for对…负责；a responsible person一个可靠的人 辨析：accountable强调在法律或道义上负有责任；responsible更常用 例句：Who is responsible for the accident?? 9.blame/blerm/vt.责备；指责n.责备；指责 词形变化：blameless(adj.)无可指责的 搭配：blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；be to blame for对…应负责任（主动表被 动) 辨析：criticize侧重批评；blame侧重归咎责任 例句：The driver was to blame for the traffic accident., l0.fo1give/fa'grv/vt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅；宽恕；饶恕 词形变化：forgiveness(m.)宽恕；forgiving(adj,)宽容的 搭配：forgive sb.for(doing)sth.原谅某人做了某事 辨析：excuse常指原谅小错；forgive更强调情感上的宽容；pardon较正式 例句：He forgave his friend for breaking his trust.” 1l.apology/pDlad3i/n.道歉；认错；谢罪 词形变化：apologetic(adj.)道歉的；apologize(v.)道歉 搭配：make an apology to sb.向某人道歉；offer an apology表示道歉 例句：“He made a sincere apology for his rudeness..” 12.sympathy/'smpi/n.同情；赞同；支持 词形变化：sympathetic(adj,)同情的；sympathize(v.)同情 搭配：feel sympathy for同情…；in sympathy with赞同；支持 辨析：sympathy侧重同情、怜悯；empathy侧重共情、理解他人感受 例句：“Many people expressed sympathy for the victims.” 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.A man of high moral (principle)will never cheat others. 2.The company offers (flexible)working hours to its employees. 3.The judge was known for his (integrate)and fairness. 4.She has (reputation)as a reliable and honest person. 5.He (earn)a living by delivering newspapers when he was young. 6.We should be (respect)of the local customs when traveling abroad. 7.It is your (responsible)to lock the door before leaving. 8.The bad weather is to (blame)for the poor harvest this year. 9.Please forgive me being late again. 10.He made a sincere (apologize)for what he had said. 11.The public showed great (sympathetic)towards the homeless family. 12.A (flexibility)person can adapt quickly to changes 13.The young man earned his (repute)through years of hard work. 14.She felt (respect)towards her teacher. 15.The manager (responsible)for the whole project. (二)短文填空 In today's society,having a good 1. is very important.To build trust,one must act with 2. and stick to high 3. ·A person who is4. in thinking but firm in moral values is often admired.When mistakes happen,it's important to take 5. instead of trying to 6. others.We should learn to 7. others for their mistakes,and offer a sincere 8. when we are wrong. Showing 9. towards those in need can help build stronger relationships.Finally, we must 10. the 11. of others through our actions,not just words.A person of good 12. always carries themselves with dignity 参考答案 1.principles;2.flexible;3.integrity;4.a reputation;5.eamed;6.respectful; (一)单句填空 7.responsibility;8.blame;9.for;10.apology;11.sympathy;12.flexible; 13.reputation;14.respect,15.is responsible (二)短文填空 1.reputation;2.integrity;3.principles;4.flexible;5.responsibility;6.blame; 7.forgive;8.apology;9.sympathy;10.eam;11.respect 12.reputation 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 状语从句中的省略 状语从句中的省略 项目 内容 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致， 定义 且从句谓语含有be动词时，常常省略从句的主语和be动词，只保留连词+ 分词/形容词/介词短语等。这种省略能使句子更简洁，在高考英语和高中 人教版必修三中属于高频考点。 从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语含有be动词(am/is/are/was/were) →省略从句主语和b动词，保留连词和其余部分（通常为现在分词、过去 分词、形容词、介词短语、名词短语等)。 ★例如：When (he is)asked about his plan,he said nothing.→When asked 规则一 about his plan,he said nothing While (I was)walking in the park,I met an old friend.While walking in the park,I met an old friend Although (she was)tired,she kept working.-Although tired,she kept working. 从句主语是it,且谓语含有be动词一省略itis/it was,保留连词和剩余部 分。 规则二 ★例如：If(itis)possible,.we will start early.→If possible,.we will start early. When (it is)necessary,call me.-When necessary,call me. 状语从句中的“连词+主语+be”结构可整体省略，但常出现在固定搭 配中。 规则三 ★例如：(Ifit is)necessary,I'll help you.→If necessary,I'1l help you, (As it is)shown in the picture,the water is polluted.-As shown in the picture,the water is polluted. 特殊省略：在某些让步状语从句中，be动词也可省略，主语保留（但该用 规则四 法较特殊，高考常考上述规则)。 连词与省略形式： when+分词/形容词/介词短语（例：When questioned,.he admitted it..) while+分词/形容词/介词短语（例：While waiting,he read a newspaper.) 常见连词 if+形容词/分词/介词短语（例：If possible,.come early.) unless+分词/形容词（例：Unless invited,he won't go.) though/although+形容词/分词（例：Though tired,he continued.) as+分词/形容词（固定搭配）（例：As scheduled,the meeting starts at 9) 考点通关 状语从句中的省略 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.When to explain the accident,he kept silent. A.ask B.asking C.asked D.was asked 2.Although very tired,they went on working. A.being B.were C.they D./ 3.If the project will be finished next month. A.possible B.it possible C.it is possible D.possibly 4.While the street,look out for cars A.cross B.crossing C.crossed D.to cross 5.He fell asleep the lecture. A.when listening B.when listened C.when was listening D.while to listen 6. to see him,I would tell him the news. A.If I had been B.If were I C.Were I D.If possible 7.Unless the medicine can be harmful. A.use properly B.used properly C.using properly D.properly using 8.Though in a poor family,he became a famous scientist. A.born B.was born C.being born D.to be born 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.When about his hobbies,he smiled. 2.While in the forest,we saw a deer. 3.If we will go camping tomorrow. 4.Though she finished the race. 5.Unless he won't attend the party. 6. from the top,the city looks beautiful. 7.He answered all the questions as 8.If,please call me 9.Although ,he didn't give up. 10.Her father fell ill while in the field. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.D;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.D;7.B;8.A 1.asked 2.walking 3.possible ;4.exhausted 5.invited 语法专练二：语法填空 6.Seen 7.required 8.necessary 9.criticized 10.working A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Taxi Ride 1.She showed me the building where she had once worked. 结构：先行词（表地点）+where+定语从句（从句主谓宾完整） 中文：她给我看了她曾经工作过的建筑。 用法：当先行词在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where,相当于in which/at which。 2.She kept thanking me for my kindness. 结构：keep+动词-ing(持续不断地做某事) 中文：她不断地感谢我的善良。 用法：表示动作反复发生或一直持续。类似结构：keep on doing(强调反复)； continue doing(继续做) 3.I believe that I have never done anything more important in my life. 结构：主句动词+(that)+从句（陈述语序） 中文：我相信我一生中从未做过比这更重要的事。 用法：主句谓语为believe/think/say/know/hope等时，连接词that常可省 略。从句必须用陈述语序。 4 As the sun was coming up,she suddenly said,"I'm tired." 结构：as+从句（进行时/一般时），主句 中文：当太阳升起时，她突然说：“我累了。” 用法：表示两个动作同时发生，或一个动作发生期间另一个动作发生。强调“随 着…”或“一边…一边…” 5.She reached for her purse to pay. 结构：…+todo(表示目的) 中文：她伸手去拿钱包付钱。 用法：不定式短语在句中作目的状语，回答“为了做什么”。可用in order to/soas to替换，语气更强。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The woman showed me the building (where)she had once worked. 2.She kept (thank)me again and again. 3.I believe he (have)a good heart. 4. (As)the sun came up,she said she was tired. 5.She stopped (buy)a newspaper on the way. 6.He turned off the light and left (quiet) 7.The doctor says I don't have very long (live). 8.They helped the old woman into a wheelchair (gentle). 9.The driver drove (through)the downtown even though it wasn't the shortest way. 10.I leaned down and gave her (a an)hug. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.她指着她和丈夫曾经住过的街区。 2. 那位老妇人不停地感谢我的善良。 3.我相信我们做的每件小事都很重要。 4.当太阳升起时，我们终于到达了安养院。 5.她伸手去拿钱包付钱。 6.我安静地关上了计价器。 7.我不赶时间，你可以慢慢开。 8.他一句话也没说，只是紧紧握着我的手。 9.那天剩下的时间里，我几乎说不出话来。 10.我们常常认为生命由伟大的时刻定义，但伟大时刻却常常以微小的事情出现。 参考答案 1.where;2.thanking;3.has;4.As;5.to buy;6.quietly;7.to 练习一：完成句子 live;8.gently;9.through;10.a 1.She pointed to the neighbourhood where she and her husband had lived.2.The old woman kept thanking me for my kindness.;3.I believe that every small thing we do is important.4.As the sun was rising,we finally arrived at the 练习二：翻译句子 hospice.;5.She reached for her purse to pay.;6.I turned off the meter quietly.;7.I'm in no hurry.You can drive slowly.;8.He said nothing but squeezed my hand.;9.For the rest of that day,I could hardly talk.;10.We usually think our lives are defined by great moments,but great moments often come in small things. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the small town of Millfield,there lived a man named Arthur whose reputation for honesty was as solid as the ancient oak tree in the town square.For thirty years,he had run a modest grocery store,never once short-changing a customer or selling a product past its expiration date.His life was govemned by a simple, unwavering principle:treat others as you would like to be treated. One autumn aftemnoon,a young woman named Clara entered his store.She was a new teacher at the local primary school,and her face bore the weary lines of someone struggling to make ends meet.She carefully selected a few essential items-rice,milk,and bread-and approached the counter.As Arthur rang up the total,Clara fumbled through her worn-out purse.Her heart sank,she was fifty cents short. "I'm so sony,"she whispered,her cheeks flushing with embarrassment."I must have left my other wallet at home.I can put the bread back." Arthur looked at her.He saw not just a customer short of change,but a young professional,far from her family,tying to build a life in a new place.He remembered his own early days,when a kind word or a small gesture of support had made all the difference. "Don't wory about it,"he said,his voice gentle but furm."The bread is on me today.You can pay me back when you have a good day." Clara hesitated,her pride fighting with her relief."Are you sure?What if I forget?" Arthur smiled,a warm,crinkly smile that reached his eyes."Then it will be a gift from one friend to another.I tust you,and a person's word is their bond." That evening,Arthur closed his shop as usual.But unlike every other night for the past thirty years,he didn't count the day's eamings with his usual meticulous care.Instead,he sat in the quiet twilight,a faint smile on his face.He knew in his heart that sometimes,the most important transaction wasn't measured in dollars and cents,but in the cumrency of human kindness and the preservation of another's dignity.His act of sympathy had not cost him much,but it had given Clara the space to hold her head high.In that moment,Arthur felt richer than he had in a long,long time. ()1.What can be inferred about Arthur from the first paragraph? A.He was a wealthy businessman. B.He was known for his flexibility in business. C.He was a principled and respected member of the community. D.He only cared about making a profit. ()2.Why did Clara offer to put the bread back? A.She didn't like the bread. B.She was angry at Arthur. C.She realized she couldn't afford all her items. D.She was testing Arthur's generosity. ()3.The phrase "a person's word is their bond"(Para.5)most probably means A.a spoken promise is a form of debt B.one should be flexible in keeping promises C.what a person says is fully trustworthy D.promises are easily broken ()4.According to the passage,what was the "most important transaction"for Arthur? A.The money Clara would pay him back B.The act of showing kindness and respecting Clara's dignity. C.The profit he made from selling the bread. D.The lesson he taught Clara about responsibility. ()5.Which of the following best describes Arthur's character? A.Stict and inflexible B.Sympathetic and principled. C.Wealthy but mean. D.Hardworking and demanding. Passage B The greatest moral challenge of our time is not climate change or global poverty,but a crisis of integrity. We live in an age of spin,where image often trumps reality,and where"what works"seems to matter more than "what is right."This is especially evident in the digital realm,where the pressure to present a perfect life online has created a culture of pretense,making it harder for young people to distinguish between genuine virtue and curated performance. This crisis is not about a single,dramatic scandal.It is about the slow erosion of small,everyday principles.It is the student who plagiarizes a term paper because they are "too busy"to do the original work.It is the employee who takes credit for a colleague's idea.It is the manager who blames a subordinate for their own mistake.These seemingly minor acts of dishonesty,when repeated,weaken the fabric of trust that holds society together.They create a dangerous slippery slope where the line between right and wrong becomes blurred,and self-interest becomes the default guide for behavior. To rebuild integrity,we must move beyond a simple checklist of rules.True integrity,as philosophers have long argued,is not just about knowing the difference between right and wrong;it is about having the courage and responsibility to do what is right,even when no one is watching,and even when it costs us something.It requires a deep internal consistency-what you believe,what you say,and what you do must be aligned. For young people navigating this complex landscape,developing a strong moral compass is essential. This begins with self-reflection:understanding your own core values and principles.It continues with accountability:taking responsibility for your actions,both good and bad.Finally,it requires the willingness to forgive not just others,but yourself.The path to a life of integrity is not about being perfect,it is about being honest about your imperfections and committing to a continuous effort to close the gap between your ideals and your actions.In a world that often rewards the clever shortcut,the truly admirable person is the one who takes the long,hard road of virtue. ()1.What is the author's main argument in the passage? A.Young people are more dishonest than previous generations. B.Modern society faces a significant problem of declining personal integrity. C.The digital world has no impact on people's moral values. D.Climate change is the greatest moral challenge we face. ()2.The author uses the examples in the second paragraph to illustrate A.how to deal with common workplace problems B.the dramatic nature of major scandals C.the gradual weakening of everyday moral standards D.the difficulty of being a manager ()3.According to the author,true integrity is defined by A.following a strict set of rules B.having a perfect public image C.aligning one's beliefs,words,and actions with courage D.avoiding any kind of personal cost ()4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step for young people to develop a strong moral compass? A.Reflecting on their own values. B.Taking responsibility for their actions. C.Being willing to forgive themselves and others. D.Avoiding mistakes at all costs. ()5.What does the author suggest about the"clever shortcut"in the last sentence? A.It is the best way to achieve success. B.It is often rewarded but not truly admirable. C.It is a key part of a life of integrity D.It is a necessary skill in the modem world. 二、完形填空 In a bustling hospital,a young intemn named David was assigned to the palliative care ward.He felt a mix of anxiety and responsibility,having no (1)in dealing with patients facing the end of life.His supervisor,Dr.Evans,emphasized that their role was not to cure,but to provide comfort and(2) the patients'dignity. One patient,an elderly musician named Mr.Garcia,was particularly (3) He had lost his voice to throat cancer and could no longer play his beloved piano.David found it hard to connect with him, often (4) awkwardly at the door. One afternoon,David noticed a small,worn-out photograph on Mr.Garcia's bedside table.It showed a young man playing a grand piano.Gathering his courage,David pointed to the photo and then to Mr. Garcia.The old man's eyes lit up.He(5) a piece of paper and wrote,"That was me.My whole life was music." Inspired,David went home and retrieved an old keyboard that his parents had stored in the attic.The next day,he (6) the keyboard into the room.Mr.Garcia stared,his eyes filling with tears.Unable to play,he(⑦) to David to press the keys.David,who had no musical talent,clumsily picked out a simple,slow melody. It wasn't a perfect performance,but it didn't matter.Mr.Garcia closed his eyes,a smile of pure joy spreading across his face.He was not just hearing notes,he was feeling his life.For the first time in weeks,he was(⑧) from his silent shell David leamned a profound lesson that day.He understood that true virtue in medicine wasn't just about applying textbook knowledge.It required(9) the ability to step into the patient's world,and the willingness to go beyond one's official duty.A few minutes of clumsy music had brought more(10) than any medicine could.He had not cured Mr.Garcia,but he had given him back a piece of his soul 1.A.interest B.experience C.luck D.time 2.A.ignore B.assess C.define D.preserve 3.A.cheerful B.demanding C.withdrawn D.talkative 4.A.standing B.singing C.shouting D.reading 5.A.threw away B.reached for C.knocked over D.folded up 6.A.rolled B.threw C.inserted D.forced 7.A.gestured B.whispered C.complained D.apologized 8.A.escaping B.emerging C.hiding D.learning 9.A.sympathy B.wealth C.authority D.technology 10.A.pain B.confusion C.healing D.risk 三、阅读短文回答问题 In an era dominated by digital communication,the simple act of saying "thank you"has taken on new weight.While a quick text message or a typed email is convenient,researchers have found that it lacks the emotional power of a handwritten note.A recent study published in the journal Psychological Science explored this phenomenon.Participants were asked to write a letter of gratitude to someone who had been kind to them.The key twist was that half of them were asked to write a physical letter by hand,while the other half composed an email. The study revealed a significant"emotional gap."The letter-writers underestimated how"surprised"and "elated"their recipients would feel.They feared their words might seem awkward or insufficient. However,the recipients of handwritten letters reported feeling a much stronger emotional connection than those who received emails.The physical effort-choosing the paper,forming the letters,and even the slight imperfection of the handwriting-was perceived as a genuine investment of time and care.It signaled that the writer had gone out of their way,turning a routine expression of thanks into a memorable gift. This finding underscores a crucial moral principle:the medium of our communication can be as important as the message itself.In a fast-paced world that values efficiency,we must remember that a little extra effort-a personal touch-is a powerful vehicle for conveying genuine gratitude,respect,and sympathy. It transforms a transaction into a tue human connection,reminding us that the most valuable things in life are not always the most convenient. 1.What is the main topic of the passage? 2.According to the study,what did the letter-writers underestimate? 3.Why were handwritten letters more effective than emails,according to the passage? 4.What moral principle does the finding of the study underscore? 5.What does"a personal touch"transform a transaction into? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the journey of life,we often face complex moral dilemmas.How we navigate these moments defines our character.A person ofhigh moral(1) does not just follow the crowd.Instead,they act with (2) ensuring their actions align with their ethical beliefs,even when it is difficult.This (3) to one's own values is what builds a solid(4) Making a wrong decision is part of being human.When we cause harm,we must have the courage to take the(⑤) and make a sincere (6) to those we have hurt.This act of seeking (7) shows strength,not weakness.It is a sign of a mature and accountable individual. However,true virtue also requires us to be(8) in our thinking.A rigid mind cannot see the complexities of another's situation.Showing (9) does not mean we agree with everything,it means we are willing to understand the emotions and circumstances of others.We must earn their(10) through our actions,not by demanding it.Ultimately,living a life of virtue is a continuous effort to balance fiurm principles with a compassionate heart. 1. 2 3. 4. 5 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 你校英文报正举办以“What Makes a Virtuous Person?”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文 投稿，内容包括： 1.你对“有德行的人”的理解（如诚实、有责任感等）； 2.描述一个你身边或你了解的体现这种品质的具体例子； 3.你的感悟或建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为120左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 What Makes a Virtuous Person? 参考答案 PassageA:1.C 2.C3.C4.B 5.B 一、 阅读理解 Passage B:1.B 2.C3.C4.D 5.B 二、完形填空1.B,2.D,3.C,4.A;5.B,6.A,7.A,8.B9.A,10.C 三、阅读短文1.The power of handwritten thank-you notes 回答问题 2.How surprised/elated recipients would feel. 3.It showed a genuine investment of time/care 4.The medium of communication is as important as the message. 5.A true human connection. 1.principles 2.integrity 3.responsibility 4.reputation 5.blame 6.apology 7. 四、短文填空 forgiveness 8.flexible 9.sympathy 10.respect 五、写作 【参考范文】 What Makes a Virtuous Person? A vituous person,in my view,is someone whose actions are consistently guided by a strong internal moral compass.This involves not just knowing right from wrong,but having the courage to choose the harder right over the easier wrong.Key qualities include honesty,integrity,and a deep sense of responsibility. A perfect example is my high school history teacher,Mr.Li.Once,a student accidentally broke a valuable school projector and,out of fear,blamed another classmate.Instead of simply punishing the accused student,Mr.Li patiently investigated.When the truth came out,he didn't just scold the student who lied. He spent time talking to him,helping him understand that taking responsibility was more important than avoiding punishment.Mr.Li forgave him,earning the student's lifelong respect. From Mr.Li,I leamned that true virtue is not about being perfect,but about having the integrity to own up to your mistakes and the sympathy to give others a chance to grow.I believe we should all strive to build a society where moral courage is valued more than a flawless image.