Unit 5 Natural Disasters（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（冀教版）

Unit 5 Natural Disasters 教材全解（一） extremely horrible scare region plate slide 。单元核心词汇 movement volcano erupt downtown disaster survive BCE;death resource response document 。单元同步语法 限定性定语从句 ⑦单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.extremely /Ik'stri:mli/adv.极其；极端 词形变化：extreme(adj.）极端的；极度的 搭配：extremely important极其重要；extremely difficult极其困难 The volcano erupted extremely violently,causing widespread damage. 2.horrible/hprabl/adi.令人震惊的；恐怖的 词形变化：horribly(adv.)可怕地；horror(n.)恐怖；恐惧 辨析：horrible侧重“令人反感、不愉快”；terrifying侧重“极度惊吓” 搭配：a horrible disaster可怕的灾难；feel horrible感到很不舒服 例句：The survivors described the horrible scenes they had witnessed, 3.scare /skea(r)/v.惊吓；使害怕 词形变化：scared(adj.)害怕的；scay(adj.)吓人的；scaring(adj.)令人害怕的 搭配：scare away吓跑；scare sb..into doing sth.吓得某人做某事 例句：The sudden loud noise scared the children into hiding. 4.slide/slard/.v.滑行：滑动 词形变化：slid(过去式/过去分词)；sliding(现在分词)；slide(n.)滑梯；幻灯片 搭配：slide down滑下；slide into不知不觉地陷入 例句：The plates slid along the fault line,causing an earthquake. 5.movement/'mu:vment/n.移动；运动 词形变化：move(w.）移动；moving(adj.）动人的：movable(adj.)可移动的 搭配：the movement of tectonic plates板块运动；social movement社会运动 例句：The sudden movement of the ground indicated an earthquake, 6.erupt /I'rapt/v.爆发；喷出 词形变化：eruption(n.)爆发；喷发；eruptive(adj.)爆发的 搭配：erupt into爆发成；volcanic eruption火山喷发 例句：The volcano erupted after centuries of dormancy. 7.downtown/,dawn'tan/adj.市中心的；adv.在市中心 词形变化：无常见变形 搭配：downtown area市中心区域；go downtown去市中心 例句：Many people fled to the downtown shelters after the disaster, 8.disaster/dr'za:sta(r)/n.灾难；灾祸 词形变化：disastrous(adj.）灾难性的；disastrously(adv.)灾难性地 搭配：natural disaster自然灾害；disaster relief灾难救援 例句：The earthquake was one of the worst disasters in history. 9.survive/se'vaIv/v.幸存；生存 词形变化：survival(n.)幸存；生存；survivor(.)幸存者 搭配：survive the disaster在灾难中幸存；survive on靠…生存 例句：Only a few people managed to survive the volcanic eruption. l0.response/T'sppns/n.响应；答复 词形变化：respond(W.)回应；responsive(adj.)响应的；responsibly(adv.）负责 地 辨析：response侧重“反应”reply侧重“口头或书面回答” 搭配：in response to作为对…的回应；emergency response应急响应 例句：The government's quick response saved many lives. 11.geet/gi:t/v.打招呼；迎接 词形变化：greeting(n.)问候；打招呼 搭配：greet sb.with sth.用…迎接某人；greet the arrival of迎接…的到来 例句：The survivors were greeted by rescue workers at the airport. 12.design/d'zan/v.&n.设计：构思 词形变化：designer(m.）设计师；designing(adj.)有设计感的 搭配：design a plan设计计划；by design故意地 The brochure was designed to raise awareness about natural disasters. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The earthquake was (extreme)destructive. 2.It was a (horror)experience that no one wanted to recall. 3.The sudden noise (scare)the little girl,making her cry. 4.During the earthquake,the furniture began to (slide)across the floor. 5.The (move)of the ground was so strong that people could barely stand. 6.Mount Vesuvius (erupt)in 79 AD,burying Pompeii. 7.Many people rushed (downtown)to escape the flooding 8.The (disaster)earthquake left thousands homeless. 9.How did the ancient city of Pompeii (survival)for centuries? 10.The government's (respond)to the volcanic eruption was immediate. 11.The rescue team (greet)the survivors with warm blankets and water. 12.The warning signs were (design)to inform people of the danger. 13.The (erupt)of the volcano could be seen from miles away. 14.The (survive)of the disaster shared their stories with the media. 15.n (respond)to the crisis,supplies were sent to the region (二)短文填空（填1个适当单词或所给词的正确形式） Natural disasters can be 1. (extreme)destructive.For example,when a volcano 2. (erupt),it often causes 3. (horror)damage.People in the area may (scare)and try to 5. (survive)by moving to a safer place.The 6. (move)of the ground during an earthquake can make buildings 7. (slide)and collapse.A quick 8. (respond)from the government is necessary. 9. (downtown)areas are often hit hardest,but good 10. (design)of buildings can reduce the risk.The experience of such a 11. (disaster)teaches us to be prepared.When help arrives,survivors are 12. (greet)with relief. 参考答案 1.extremely;2.horible;3.scared;4.slide;5.movement,6.erupted;7.downtown; (一)单句填空 8.disastrous;9.survive,10.response;11.greeted;12.designed;13.eruption; 14.survivors;15.response (二)短文填空 1.extremely;2.erupts;3.honible;4.be scared;5.survive;6.movement;7.slide; 8.response;9.Downtown;10.design;11.disaster,12.greeted A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 项目 内容 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，起形容词的作用，对先行词进 行限定或补充说明。若去掉该从句，句意不完整或发生改变。 定义 The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (从图书馆借 的那本书很有趣。去掉从句“that I borrowed from the library”后，句意变 为“那本书很有趣”，不明确是哪本书。) 结构 先行词（被修饰的名词/代词)+关系词+从句剩余部分 关系词的选择who:指代人，在从句中作主语、宾语。例句：The man who is standing there is my teacher. whom:指代人，在从句中作宾语（正式）。例句：The girl(whom)you met yesterday is my sister. wich:指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语。例句：This is the pen which my father gave me. that:指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语。例句：I like music that is quiet and gentle. whose: 指代人或物，在从句中作定语(“…的”)。例句：This is the teacher whose son is a doctor. when:指代时间，在从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when we first met. where:指代地点，在从句中作地点状语。例句：This is the school where I studied for three years why:指代原因，在从句中作原因状语。例句：Tell me the reason why you were late. 1.关系代词作宾语时可省略（非正式或口语中) The film (that/which)we saw last night was amazing. 2.只能用that,不用which的情况 ①先行词为不定代词：all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little, few,much等 例：All that can be done has been done. ②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 This is the first composition that I wrote in English. 关键考点 ③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰 例：He is the only person that I want to see, 3.关系副词=介词+关系代词 where in/at which;when in/on which;why for which This is the house where (in which)Lu Xun once lived. 4.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/whom The house whose roof is red is mine.The house the roof of which is red is mine. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。 The students who are in the classroom are reading. 注意事项 “介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能用which.或whom,不能用 that。 考点通关 限定性定语从句 语法专练（一)单项选择(8题) 1.The teacher we met in the park is very kind. A.who B.which C.what 2.I have read all the books were on the shelf. A.which B.that C.what 3.This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. A.that B.which C.what 4.The boy mother is a doctor is my best friend. A.who B.whom C.whose 5.Do you know the reason he didn't come to the party? A.which B.why C.that 6.I'll never forget the village I spent my childhood. A.which B.where C.that 7.The man you talked to just now is my uncle A.who B.whom C.which 8.This is the house windows were broken yesterday. A.whose B.which C.that 语法专练（二)语法填空（10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.I have a good friend name is Li Hua. 2.He is the student the first prize in the English speech contest last week. 3.The speech he made impressed everyone. 4.He always helps those are in trouble. 5.The reason he is so popular is that he is kind and honest. 6.Last month,we visited a museum many old things were displayed. 7.I saw a painting」 the color was fading. 8.The guide told us the story about the painting, was very moving. 9.I also met a foreigner English was excellent 10.He taught me some expressions I had never learned before. 参考答案 语法专练（一）单项选择1.A;2.B;3.A;4.C；5.B;6.B；7.B;8.A 1.whose;2.who won;3.that;4.who;5.why;6.where; 语法专练(（二)语法填空 7.whose;8.which;9.whose;10.that 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Zhang Heng and the Seismograph 1.It was not known over 2,000 years ago that earthquakes were caused by the movement of plates. 结构：It+be+过去分词+hat从句 中文：两千多年前人们不知道地震是由板块运动引起的。 用法：It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。常见动词：know,believe, say,report,hik等。谓语动词用单数(is/was)。 2.The inventor was said to be Zhang Heng. 结构：主语+be+过去分词+(by.) 中文：据说发明者是张衡。 用法：表示动作的承受者作主语。时态由be动词体现。be said to do是固定搭配。 3.The inner side of the seismograph was creatively constructed. 结构：过去分词(done)作定语或表语，表示被动或完成。本句中“creatively constructed”是“被创造性地建造” 中文：地动仪的内部被创造性地建造了。 用法：单个过去分词常放在名词前，短语放在名词后。作表语时说明主语的状态。 4.When an earthquake occurred,the dragon facing that direction would open its mouth. 结构：When+从句（一般过去时），主句(would+动词原形) 中文：当地震发生时，对着那个方向的龙会张开嘴。 用法：when引导时间状语从句，表示“当…时”。主句用would表示过去常常 或过去将来。 5.It was over 1,700 years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe. 结构：Itis/was+被强调部分+hat+剩余部分 中文：直到1700多年后，欧洲才发明了类似的仪器。 用法：强调除谓语外的成分（时间、地点、方式等）。被强调部分可以是名词、短语 或从句。 6.The seismograph is believed to be the first instrument for detecting earthquakes. 结构：主语+be believed/said/thought+todo/tobe 中文：地动仪被认为是第一台探测地震的仪器。 用法：表示“被相信/据说做某事”。todo表示主动或将来，to be done表示被 动。 7.The dragon facing that direction would open its mouth 结构：名词+现在分词短语（相当于定语从句） 中文：对着那个方向的龙会张开嘴。 用法：这里的“facing that direction”是现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于“which faced that direction”。主动关系用v-ing,被动关系用v-ed。 8.It was over 1,700 years later that a similar instrument was invented in Europe. 结构：over+数字+时间复数+later 中文：直到1700多年后，欧洲才发明了类似的仪器。 用法：over/more than表示“超过”。“时间+later”表示“在…之后”。 9.It was made of fine copper and looked like a big cup. 结构：be made of+材料；look like+名词；be named after+人名 中文：这个仪器是由精铜制成的，看起来像一个大杯子。 用法：be made of表示由…制成（看得出原材料）；look like表示看起来像；be named after表示以…命名。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.It (believe)that the seismograph was invented in 132 AD. 2.The instrument (make)of fine copper. 3.When the ball (fall),the toad caught it. 4.It was in Luoyang Zhang Heng worked. 5.The dragon (face)west expelled its ball. 6.The seismograph is thought (be)the first of its kind. 7.A ring of hills was (name)after him 8.Over 1,700 years (late),Europe invented a similar instrument. 9.People think (high)of Zhang Heng's contributions. 10.The earthquake's direction (show)by the ball's landing place. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.两千多年前人们不知道地震是由板块运动引起的。 2.据说张衡发明了第一台地动仪。 3.这个仪器是由精铜制成的，看起来像一个大杯子。 4.当地震发生时，对着那个方向的龙会张开嘴。 5.直到1700多年后，欧洲才发明了类似的仪器。 6.月球上的一圈环形山以他的名字命名。 7.很多人认为那是人类第一次用仪器检测地震。 8.这个仪器的内部被创造性地建造了。 9.龙嘴里的铜球掉进了蟾蜍的嘴里。 10.人们高度评价张衡，一位1800多年前的伟大科学家。 参考答案 1.is believed;2.was made;3.fell;4.that;5.facing;6.to be; 练习一：完成句子 7.named;8.later;9.highly;10.was shown 1.It was not known over 2,000 years ago that earthquakes were caused by the movement of plates.2.It is said that Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph.;3.The instrument was made of fine copper and looked like a big cup.;4.When an earthquake occurred,the dragon facing that direction would open its mouth.5.It was over 1,700 years later that a similar instrument 练习二：翻译句子 was invented in Europe.;6.A ring of hills on the moon was named after him;7.It is believed by many that was the first time for humans to use an instrument to detect an earthquake.8.The inner side of the seismograph was creatively constructed.9.The copper ball in the dragon's mouth fell into the toad's mouth.; 10.People think highly of Zhang Heng,a great scientist who lived more than 1,800 years ago. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A The Science Behind Earthquake Prediction For centuries,humans have sought to predict when and where earthquakes will strike.While modem technology has made significant strides,the ability to forecast earthquakes with precision remains one of the greatest challenges in geoscience.Scientists now understand that earthquakes occur when stress builds up along fault lines-fractures in the Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet.When the accumulated stress exceeds the strength of the rocks,a sudden release of energy occurs,causing the ground to shake. One promising area of research involves monitoring subtle changes in the Earth's crust.GPS technology can detect tiny movements along fault lines,measuring shifts as small as a few millimeters per year.In addition,seismologists study historical patterns of seismic activity to identify cycles or trends.However, these methods have limitations.Major earthquakes often occur without clear waming signs,and the complex nature of geological processes makes it difficult to distinguish between normal stress accumulation and an imminent rupture Another approach focuses on animal behavior.There are numerous anecdotal reports of animals acting strangely before earthquakes-dogs barking excessively,snakes emerging from hibemnation early,or fish jumping out of water.While these observations are intriguing,scientific studies have failed to establish a consistent,reliable connection between animal behavior and impending earthquakes.The variability in animal responses and the difficulty in quantifying such behavior make it an unreliable prediction tool. In recent years,machine leaming algorithms have been applied to vast datasets of seismic information.By training computers to recognize patterns associated with past earthquakes,researchers hope to develop predictive models that can issue warnings hours or even days in advance.Some studies have shown promise,with algorithms successfully identifying precursor signals in certain cases.Yet,critics point out that these models often perform well in retrospect but poorly in real-time prediction,as they may be overfitting to historical data. Despite these challenges,progress continues.The development of early warning systems,which detect the initial,less destructive P-waves before the more damaging S-waves anive,has saved lives in countries like Japan and Mexico.These systems provide seconds to minutes of warning,allowing people to take cover,trains to slow down,and critical infrastructure to shut down automatically.While not true prediction,such technology represents a practical approach to reducing earthquake risks. Ultimately,the holy grail of earthquake science-reliable,accurate prediction-remains elusive. However,each step forward in understanding the Earth's dynamic processes brings us closer to a future where we can better prepare for nature's most unpredictable force. ()1.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Earthquakes can now be accurately predicted using GPS technology. B.Despite various approaches,earthquake prediction remains highly challenging C.Animal behavior is the most reliable method for predicting earthquakes. D.Early waming systems are completely effective in preventing earthquake damage. ()2.According to the passage,what is one limitation of using GPS technology for earthquake prediction? A.It cannot measure movements smaller than a few millimeters. B.Major earthquakes often occur without clear warning signs. C.GPS technology is too expensive to implement widely. D.It only works for certain types of fault lines. ()3.What does the word"imminent"in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A.Distant and uncertain B.About to happen very soon C.Unlikely to occur D.Caused by human activity ()4.Why are early waming systems considered a practical approach? A.They can predict earthquakes days in advance. B.They provide valuable time to take protective actions. C.They are cheaper than other prediction methods D.They work consistently in all countries ()5.What is the author's attitude toward the future of earthquake prediction? A.Sceptical that any progress will ever be made B.Optimistic that prediction will soon be perfected C.Cautiously hopeful while acknowledging current limitations D.Indifferent to the research being conducted Passage B The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami:A Wake-Up Call On December 26,2004,one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history stuck without warning. A massive undersea earthquake,measuring 9.1 on the Richter scale,occuired off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.The rupture of the fault line displaced an enormous volume of water,triggering a series of tsunami waves that would devastate coastal communities across fourteen countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The scale of the disaster was almost incomprehensible.With waves reaching heights of up to 30 meters in some areas,the tsunami claimed approximately 230,000 lives,injured countless others,and displaced over 1.7 million people.The economic impact was equally staggering,with damages estimated at over $10 billion.Indonesia was hit hardest,followed by Sri Lanka,India,and Thailand.In many areas,the waves traveled at speeds of up to 800 kilometers per hour-faster than a commercial jet-giving residents little time to escape One of the most tragic aspects of the disaster was the lack of warning.Although earthquake monitoring stations detected the powerful quake within minutes,there was no tsunami warning system in place for the Indian Ocean region.In the Pacific Ocean,such systems had existed for decades,but the Indian Ocean lacked the infrastructure to issue timely alerts.As a result,most coastal communities received no notice until the waves were already upon them. In the aftermath,there was an unprecedented international response.Countries around the world pledged billions of dollars in aid,and humanitarian organizations rushed to provide emergency relieffood,clean water,medical supplies,and temporary shelter.The recovery effort was one of the largest in history, involving the reconstruction of entire towns and the restoration of livelihoods.Over time,the affected regions rebuilt stronger,with improved infrastructure and better building codes designed to withstand future disasters. Perhaps the most significant legacy of the 2004 tsunami was the establishment of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Waming and Mitigation System (IOTWMS).Completed in 2013,this network of seismic monitoring stations,tide gauges,and deep-ocean sensors now provides real-time data that can detect tsunami-generating earthquakes and issue warnings within minutes.The system has already proven its value,in subsequent years,it successfully alerted authorities to potential tsunamis,allowing for timely evacuations and saving countless lives. The 2004 disaster also transformed public awareness of tsunami risks.Coastal communities became better educated about natural wamning signs,such as the sudden retreat of the sea before a tsunami arives. Schools now conduct regular evacuation drills,and governments have developed comprehensive disaster preparedness plans.While the tragedy of 2004 can never be undone,the lessons leamed have created a safer world for future generations. ()1.What made the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami particularly devastating according to the passage? A.It occurred during the busiest holiday season. B.There was no tsunami warning system in the region C.The earthquake that caused it was completely unexpected D.It happened at night when people were sleeping. ()2.What does the word "unprecedented"in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A.Highly organized B.Previously unplanned C.Never having happened or existed before D.Very expensive ()3.Which of the following is a direct result of the 2004 tsunami? A.The development of earthquake prediction technology B.The creation of a warning system for the Indian Ocean C.The complete elimination of tsunami risks in the region D.The reduction of earthquake frequency in Sumatra ()4.How does the passage suggest that awareness of tsunami risks has improved? A.More people now live in coastal areas. B.Communities have leamned to recognize natural warning signs. C.Governments have banned construction near beaches. D.Tourists are no longer allowed to visit affected regions. ()5.What is the overall tone of the passage? A.Primarily critical of the intemational response B.Descriptive and informative with a hopeful conclusion C.Emotional and focused on personal stories of survival D.Technical and focused on scientific explanations 二、完形填空 When the earthquake struck at 2:28 p.m.,I was sitting in my classroom on the fourth floor.The building began to shake violently,and for a moment,I thought the world was coming to an (1) .Desks and chairs (2) across the floor as students screamed and teachers shouted instructions.The lights flickered and died,plunging us into darkness. In the chaos,our teacher,Mr.Chen,remained surprisingly (3) "Everyone,get under your desks!Cover your head and neck!"he shouted.I crawled under my desk,my heart pounding so loudly I could barely hear the (4) of the building.Dust filled the air,making it hard to breathe.I thought about my parents and wondered if they were safe. After what felt like an eternity,the shaking (5) The silence that followed was almost as terifying as the earthquake itself.'Is everyone okay?Mr.Chen's voice cut through the darkness.One by one,we responded,shaken but alive.We then followed the evacuation plan we had(6) SO many times before,making our way down the emergency stairs. Outside,the scene was one ofutter(7) Parts of the school building had collapsed,and cracks ran through the playground.Sirens wailed in the distance as emergency vehicles rushed to the area.I saw people crying,hugging each other,and searching for loved ones.The air was thick with the smell of dust and smoke. A rescue worker approached our group and led us to a(8) _area where temporary shelters had been set up.Volunteers handed out water and blankets.Someone wrapped a blanket around my shoulders,and I felt a small sense of (9).In the days that followed,we learned that our community had been devastated-thousands were missing,and many had lost their homes.Yet,amidst the destruction,stories of courage and kindness emerged.Neighbors helped neighbors,and strangers became fiiends.The disaster had taken so much,but it had also shown us the (10) of the human spirit. 1.A.end B.accident C.emergency D.event 2.A.slid B.jumped C.floated D.flew 3.A.anxious B.calm C.angry D.confused 4.A.silence B.music C.groaning D.laughter 5.A.increased B.continued C.returned D.stopped 6.A.practiced B.ignored C.designed D.described 7.A.beauty B.destruction C.silence D.peace 8.A.dangerous B.safe C.damaged D.crowded 9.A.fear B.panic C.relief D.sadness 10.A.weakness B.strength C.failure D.limitation 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences For centuries,people have claimed that animals can sense impending natural disasters before humans can detect any waming signs.From snakes fleeing their habitats before earthquakes to dogs refusing to go outside before tsunamis,anecdotal evidence abounds.But what does science say about this phenomenon? Researchers have documented numerous cases that seem to support the idea.In 1975,Chinese authorities successfully evacuated the city of Haicheng before a major earthquake,partly based on observations of unusual animal behavior.Snakes were reported to have emerged from hibernation during winter-a behavior that would normally be impossible-and chickens refused to enter their coops.While the details of this case remain debated among scientists,it suggests that animal behavior might provide valuable clues. One leading theory is that animals can detect primary (P)wavesthe first,less destructive seismic waves that travel faster than the secondary(S)waves that cause most damage.Humans typically cannot sense P- waves,but many animals,including dogs,cats,and elephants,may be sensitive to these subtle vibrations. Additionally,animals might detect changes in the Earth's magnetic field,electrical charges in the air,or the release of gases from the ground before an earthquake occurs. However,skeptics point out significant problems with relying on animal behavior as a prediction tool. First,animal behavior is inherently unpredictable;what appears to be a response to an upcoming earthquake might simply be normal activity.Second,the timing is unreliable-animals might show signs hours,days,or even weeks before an event,making it difficult to issue precise warnings.Finally, controlled scientific studies have failed to consistently demonstrate that animals can predict earthquakes. In one notable experiment,researchers observed a group of animals on a farm in Italy for several months. While some animals did show unusual behavior before minor quakes,they also exhibited similar behavior at other times when no earthquake occurred. Despite these limitations,researchers continue to investigate the phenomenon using more sophisticated methods.Camera traps,GPS trackers,and bio-logging devices now allow scientists to monitor animal behavior continuously and correlate it with seismic data.In a recent study,researchers in Germany attached sensors to cows,sheep,and dogs to track their movements.They found that the animals became significantly more activeup to 50 percent morein the hours before small earthquakes.While the study was small,it provides some of the strongest evidence yet that animals may indeed sense something we cannot. For now,animal behavior remains an intriguing but unproven method of earthquake prediction.It is unlikely to replace seismological instruments anytime soon,but it may one day be incorporated into early warning systems as one of many indicators.As one researcher put it,We shouldn't ignore what animals are tying to tell us-but we need to listen carefully,and use science to make sense of their messages." 1.What is the main purpose of the passage? 2.According to the passage,what happened in the Chinese city of Haicheng in 1975? 3.What are two possible ways that animals might detect earthquakes,according to scientists? (1) (2) 4.Why are some scientists skeptical about using animal behavior to predict earthquakes?Give two reasons. (1) (2) 5.What is the author's final conclusion about animal behavior and earthquake prediction? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入I个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When a natural disaster strikes,it is often the human response that determines the outcome.The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan demonstrated how (1) (prepare)a community could be. Within minutes of the earthquake,early warning systems(2) (activate),sending alerts to millions of people.The tsunami warning came just three minutes later.Most people knew exactly what to do-they immediately(3)(head)to higher ground. The survival of so many people was not a matter of luck.Japan had invested heavily in disaster(4) (prepare)for decades.Building codes required structures to withstand strong earthquakes. Regular evacuation drills(5)(conduct)in schools and workplaces.Public awareness campaigns taught people to recognize natural warning signs,such as the sudden(6) (retreat)of the sea before a tsunami. However,even the best preparations have limits.Some coastal towns (7) ☑ocate)too close to the shore had little time to escape.The nuclear power plant at Fukushima,which was(8) (oniginal)designed to withstand earthquakes,was overwhelmed by the tsunami's height.The(9) (disaster)aftermath included a nuclear meltdown,forcing the evacuation of thousands of people from their homes. The lesson is clear:while we cannot prevent natural disasters,we can reduce their impact through careful planning and (10) (respond)systems.Every second counts,and the choices we make before disaster strikes can mean the difference between life and death. 2. 3. 4. 5 7. & 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友T©听说你所在的城市最近经历了一次小地震，来信询问情况和 你对自然灾害的看法。请根据以下提示，给他写一封回信： 1.描述地震发生时的情况和你的感受 2.你所在社区是如何应对这次地震的 3.谈谈你对自然灾害的认识和从中得到的启示 要求： 1.词数110-130左右 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Tom, Thank you for your concemn about the recent earthquake in my city.I'm writing to share my experience with you. Best wishes, LiHua PassageA:1.B 2.B3.B 4.B 5.C 一、阅读理解 Passage B:6.B 7.C8.B9.B 10.B 二、完形填空1.A,2.A,3.B,4.C,5.D,6.A;7.B,8.B,9.C10.B 三、阅读短文l.The main pupose is to examine whether animals can predict natural disasters and to ▣答问题present scientific evidence for and against this idea, 2.In 1975,Chinese authorities successfully evacuated the city of Haicheng before a major earthquake,partly based on observations of unusual animal behavior 3.(1)They can detect primary(P)waves-the first,less destructive seismic waves that humans cannot sense.(2)They might detect changes in the Earth's magnetic field, electrical charges in the air,or the release of gases from the ground. 4.(1)Animal behavior is inherently unpredictable and what appears to be a response to an earthquake might be normal activity.(2)The timing of animal behavior is unreliable, as they might show signs hours,days,or even weeks before an event. 5.The author concludes that animal behavior remains an intriguing but unproven method of earthquake prediction,and it is unlikely to replace seismological instruments but may one day be incorporated into early warning systems. 1.prepared 2.were activated 3.headed 4.preparation 5.were conducted 6.retreat 7. 四、短文填空 located 8.originally 9.disastrous 10.response 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, Thank you for your concem about the recent earthquake in my city.I'm writing to share my experience with you. Last Tuesday aftemoon,I was studying at home when suddenly everything began to shake violently.My books fell off the shelf,and the lights swung wildly.At that moment,I felt extremely scared and my heart was pounding.I immediately hid under my desk and covered my head,just as we had practiced in drills. Thankfully,the earthquake lasted only about 30 seconds.My community responded quickly and calmly. Within minutes,volunteers were helping elderly neighbors to the evacuation center.The government sent rescue workers to check buildings for damage,and everyone received emergency supplies. This experience has taught me that we cannot prevent natural disasters,but we can prepare for them. Staying calm and knowing what to do can save lives.I now realize how important it is to cherish every moment with family and friends.Please stay safe! Best wishes, Li Hua