Unit 4 Culture and Cultural Diversity（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修一（冀教版）

Unit 4 Culture and Cultural Diversity 教材全解（一) organization opinion unique nationality tradition ⊙单元核心词汇 balance conference wedding bride bridegroom custom campus assume relief merry nation minority 等 。单元同步语法 现在完成时的被动语态 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.unique /ju'ni:k/adj.独特的；唯一的 词形变化：uniquely(adv.)独特地；uniqueness(.)独特性 搭配：be unique to对…而言独特；unique feature独特特征 辨析：unique强调“独一无二”，无比较级；而special指“特殊的”，不一定唯 一。 例句：Each culture has its own unique traditions The custom is unique to this minority group 2.tradition/hr'dn/n.传统；传统的信仰（或风俗） 词形变化：traditional(adj.）传统的；traditionally(adv.)传统上 搭配：follow/keep a tradition遵循传统；break with tradition打破传统 辨析：tradition常指代代相传的习俗或信念；custom更侧重具体行为习惯。 例句：It is a tradition to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival, Many young people are trying to keep their national traditions alive. 3.balance/'balens/n.均衡；平衡v.使保持平衡 词形变化：balanced(adj.)平衡的；imbalance(n.)不平衡 搭配：keep a balance保持平衡；balance work and life平衡工作与生活 辨析：balance侧重两者间的均衡；而stability指稳定状态。 例句：We should balance our diet to stay healthy The balance between tradition and modernity is important. 4.conference/konfarans/n.会议 词形变化：无常见派生词，注意与meeting区分 搭配：hold a conference举行会议；attend a conference参加会议；press conference 新闻发布会 辨析：conference通常指正式的大型会议，如学术/国际会议；meeting泛指任何聚 会。 The international conference on environmental protection will be held next week He gave a speech at the press conference. 5.assume/a'sju:m/v.假定；假设；承担（责任） 词形变化：assumption(m.）假定；假设；assuming(conj.)假设 搭配：assume responsibility承担责任；assume that…假设… 辨析：assume强调在没有证据的情况下认为；suppose多用于口语表示“猜想”； presume则带有一定的根据。 例句：It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. She assumed the role of team leader. 6.relief /n'li:fn.宽慰；轻松；救济 词形变化：relieve(v.)缓解；减轻；relieved(adi.)感到宽慰的 搭配：to one's relief令某人宽慰的是；relief from从…中得到缓解 辨析：relief强调痛苦或担忧的减轻；而comfort更侧重情感上的安慰。 例句：To his great relief,.the exam was easier than expected. The medicine brought relief from the pain. 7.minority/mar'nprati,/n.少数民族；少数 词形变化：minor(adj.)较小的；次要的 搭配：ethnic minority少数民族；be in the minority占少数 辨析：minority指数量上的少数；而ethnic侧重种族/民族属性。 例句：China has55 ethnic minority groups. Only a minority of people support the plan. 8.ethnic/'eθnrk/adi.民族的；种族的 词形变化：ethnicity(n.)种族特点；民族性 搭配：ethnic group族群；ethnic culture民族文化 辨析：ethnic常与minority连用，强调文化、语言等特征；而racial更侧重生物/ 肤色特征。 例句：The festival celebrates the ethnic diversity of the country. Ethnic costumes are often very colorful. 9.flavour/'flerva(r)/n.味道；特点 词形变化：flavourful(adj.）美味的；有风味的；flavoured(adj.)有…味道的 搭配：add flavour to给…增添风味；local flavour地方特色 辨析：flavour更强调食物的整体风味（如酸甜苦辣）；taste则泛指味觉或品味。 例句：This dish has a unique sour flavour The music adds a different flavour to the festival. l0.rectangular/rek'tangj(r)/adj.长方形的；矩形的 词形变化：rectangle(m.）长方形；矩形 搭配：rectangular shape长方形；rectangular table长方形桌子 辨析：矩形是长方形的一种，但数学上rectangle即长方形；square是正方形。 例句：The classroom is rectangular in shape, They designed a rectangular swimming pool. 11.occur/Ak3:(r)/V.发生；出现；存在于 词形变化：occurrence(n.)发生的事件；occurred(过去式/分词) 搭配：occur to sb.被某人想到；it occurs to sb.that…某人突然想起 辨析：occur常用于正式语境；happen更口语化；take place常指按计划发生。 例句：The accident occurred at midnight. It suddenly occurred to me that I had left the keys at home. 12.custom/'kAstom/n.风俗；习俗；习惯 词形变化：customary(adj.）习惯的；通常的；customer(m.)顾客（注意区分） 搭配：it is the custom to do sth.做某事是习俗；local custom当地风俗 辨析：custom指群体长期沿袭的习俗；habit指个人习惯；tradition强调代代相 传。 例句：It is the custom in many countries to shake hands when meeting The custom of eating mooncakes dates back centuries. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The local food has a strong regional (flavour). 2.To everyone's (relieve),the lost child was found safe 3.Itis (tradition)for Chinese to celebrate Spring Festival with family 4.The new policy aims to protect the rights of (minority)groups 5.You should (assume)that the project will take at least two months 6.The (unique)of this artwork lies in its unusual colours. 7.A (balance)diet is essential for good health. 8.The (conference)will be held in the campus auditorium 9.Many (ethnic)costumes are displayed in the museum. 10.The accident (occur)because of the heavy rain 11.The table in the dining roomis (rectangle)in shape 12.It is the (custom)to give red envelopes during the Spring Festival 13.She (balance)her schoolwork and part-time job successfully 14.The idea (occur)to me while I was taking a shower. 15. (traditional),people eat mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Festival. (二)短文填空 China is a country with rich cultural 1. It has 56 2. groups,each with its own unique 3 For example,the wedding 4. in some minority areas are very different from those in Han communities.At a wedding,the 5. and bridegroom may wear colourful costumes.The flavour of the food also varies.In some regions,people prefer a 6. flavour,while others like sweet or spicy.A 7. of different tastes is often considered perfect.It is 8. for guests to give gifts.To their 9 most weddings are full of joy.Have you ever attended such a 10. about ethnic cultures?It would be a great chance to learn more. 参考答案 1.flavour,2.relief,3.traditional;4.minority;5.assume;6.uniqueness; (一)单句填空 7.balanced;8.conference;9.ethnic;10.occurred;11.rectangular;12.custom; 13.balanced;14.occurred;15.Traditionally 1.traditions;2.ethnic;3.customs;4.custom;5.bride;6.sour;7.balance; (二)短文填空 8.traditional;9.relief;10.conference 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 项目 内容 表示一个发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，且主语是该动作的 定义 承受者（即被动关系）。 核心含义：强调“某物已经被…”或“某事已经被做了” 主语+have/has+been+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)+其他 结构 主语是单数或不可数名词时用has been+过去分词 主语是复数或I/you时用have been+过去分词 already(已经)，yet(还未，用于否定/疑问)，just(刚刚)，ever（曾 经)，never(从未)，recently(最近)，lately(近来)，so far(到目 常用时间状语 前为止)，by now(到现在为止)，in the past few years(在过去的几年 里)等。 1.The work has been finished already.(工作已经完成了。) 2.All the homework hasn't been done yet.(所有作业还没做完。) 3.Has the letter been posted?(信己经寄出了吗？) 例句 4.Many new buildings have been built in the city since 2020. (自2020年 以来，许多新建筑已经在城市里建成了。) 5.The window was broken,but now it has been repaired.(窗户被打碎 了，但现在已经被修好了。) 1.过去分词需用规则变化(-ed)或不规则变化（如done,written,seen) 2.被动语态中主语是动作承受者，不要与主动语态混淆。 3.与一般过去时被动语态的区别：一般过去时被动强调动作发生在过去， 注意事项 不强调对现在的影响；现在完成时被动强调过去动作到现在为止的结果或 影响。 例：The homework was done yesterday. (昨天做的，只说事实) 例：The homework has been done.(现在已做完，强调结果) 考点通关 现在完成时的被动语态 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 单项选择：从A、B、C中选出最佳选项。 1.The new library in our school recently A.has built B.has been built C.is built 2.So far,no decision about the plan. A.has made B.has been made C.was made 3.-the car yet? -No,not yet. A.Has;washed B.Has;been washed C.Is;washed 4.All the tickets by the time we got there. A.have sold out B.have been sold out C.had been sold out 5.The problem just now,but it hasn't been solved A has been discussed B.was discussed C.is discussed 6.Many trees in our town every year,and this year more trees already. A.are planted;have been B.have been planted;are C.were planted;have planted planted planted 7.-Do you know where Mary is? -She to the hospital because of her leg injury A.has sent B.has been sent C.was sent 8.The news by the local government already. A.has confirmed B.has been confirmed C.was confirmed 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 语法填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态、语态和主谓一致）。 1.The classroom already,so we can use it now. 2.So far,the project because of the bad weather. 3.-How many English words by your class since last month? -About 200 4.Look!The book to the library,but no one knows who did it. 5.Up to now,all the homework by the students. 6.The old bridge just last week,but it again 7.The invitation letters to all the guests already 8.Anew subway line in our city recently. 9.This kind of machine in our factory for over five years. 10.-Where is my bike? It to the parking lot by someone. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B 1.has been cleaned;2.hasn't been finished;3.have been learned;4.has been returned;5.has been done;6.was 语法专练二：语法填空 repaired;has been broken;7.have been sent;8.has been built;9.has been used;10.has been moved 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Chinese Calligraphy 1.To practice calligraphy requires the basic tools of "Four Treasures of Study". 结构：动名词（或不定式）作主语，谓语动词用单数 中文：练习书法需要&ldquo,文房四宝krdquo,的基本工具。 用法：V-ing形式或Todo可在句中作主语，表示一个行为或事情。 2.It is a means of expressing a person's inner world. 结构：介词(of,by,for,in等)+动名词(doing) 中文：它是表达一个人内心世界的一种方式。 用法：介词后面必须接动名词或名词，不能接动词原形。 3 Over thousands of years,the writing of Chinese characters has developed into a highly regarded art form,which is often called Chinese calligraphy. 结构：先行词+，+which+从句 中文：几千年来，汉字的书写发展成为一种备受推崇的艺术形式，常被称为中国书 法。 用法：非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句用逗号隔开。 4.Chinese calligraphy has been widely practiced in China. 结构：have/has+been+过去分词 中文：中国书法在中国一直被广泛练习。 用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，且主语是动作承受者。 5.Today,although various changes have been made in Chinese calligraphy,people still love the ancient form. 结构：A1 though+从句，主句 中文：今天，尽管中国书法发生了各种变化，人们仍然喜爱古老的形式。 用法：although不能与but连用。 6.Believe it or not,its unique charm has long been admired by people all over the world. 结构：Believe it or not,.+完整句子 中文：信不信由你，它独特的魅力一直受到全世界人民的赞赏。 用法：意为1dquo,信不信由你&rdquo,用于引出令人惊讶的事实。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空) (practice)calligraphy is a good way to relax. 2.There are different ways (express)one's feelings. 3.Chinese calligraphy (appreciate)by many people for centuries. (believe)it or not,he wrote that poem at age 12. (although)it is difficult,she never gives up. 6.The artist finished the work by (use)a special brush. 7.We talked about (learn)Chinese culture. 8.The book, (which)was published last year,is very popular. 9.He has been (teach)calligraphy for ten years. 10. (appreciate)calligraphy helps us understand the artist's feelings. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.练习书法需要耐心和专注。 2.书法是一种表达内心世界的方式。 3.中国书法几千年来一直被广泛练习。 4.虽然已经发生了很多变化，但人们仍然喜欢古老的形式。 5.信不信由你，这位书法家只有十五岁。 6.通过欣赏作品，我们可以了解书法家的性格。 7.毛笔、墨、纸和砚台被称为“文房四宝&dquo;o 8.她从小就开始练习书法。 9.书法独特的魅力被世界各地的人们所欣赏。 10.不论多难，我都不会放弃学习书法。 参考答案 练习一：完成句子 1.Practicing;2.to express of expressing;3.has been appreciated;4.Believe;5.Although;6.using;7.learning; 8.which;9.teaching;10.Appreciating 1.Practicing calligraphy requires patience and concentration.; 2.Calligraphy is a way of expressing one's inner world.; 3.Chinese calligraphy has been widely practiced for thousands of years.;4.Although many changes have been made,people still love the ancient form.;5.Believe it or not,this calligrapher is 练习二：翻译句子 only fifteen years old.;6.By appreciating the work,we can learn about the calligrapher's character.7.The writing brush,ink stick,paper,and ink slab are called the "Four Treasures of Study".;8.She has practiced calligraphy since she was a child.; 9.The unique charm of calligraphy has been admired by people all over the world.;10.No matter how difficult it is,I will not give up learning calligraphy. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In an increasingly globalized world,the concept of cultural diversity has shifted from a simple acknowledgment of differences to a critical component of social,economic,and even political success. The interplay between globalization and local cultures creates a complex landscape where traditions are both challenged and reinforced.While the spread of global brands,media,and communication technologies has led to a certain degree of cultural homogenization,it has simultaneously sparked a powerful counter-movement emphasizing the value of unique ethnic identities and local customs. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the realm of food.The proliferation of intemational fast-food chains represents a form of cultural standardization.Yet,in reaction,there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional cuisines,often branded as"authentic"or"farm-to-table."Chefs around the world are now exploring and reinterpreting their regional culinary heritage,adding modemn techniques to ancient recipes.This is not merely a nostalgic trend but a dynamic process of cultural innovation.The local flavour of a dish is no longer seen as static but as something that can be adapted and celebrated in new contexts Language is another key battlefield.The dominance of English as a global lingua franca has,in many places,put pressure on minority languages.Governments and communities are increasingly aware that language is the primary canier of culture and tradition.Therefore,revitalization programs for minority languages have been implemented in many countries,from New Zealand's efforts to revive the Maori language to Wales's promotion of Welsh.The goal is not to isolate these communities from the global world but to ensure they can participate in it without sacrificing their linguistic uniqueness. Furthermore,cultural diversity has become a recognized driver of innovation in business and the arts.A team composed of individuals from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds can bring a wider range of perspectives to a problem,leading to more creative solutions.In the arts,cross-cultural collaborations result in unique art forms that cannot be created in isolation.This"fusion'is the ultimate expression of a balanced interaction between tradition and modemity,where the unique features ofeach culture are not lost but are combined to create something new of global value. The challenge,therefore,lies not in choosing between global unity and local diversity but in managing the balance.Maintaining a unique cultural identity does not mean rejecting change or progress.Instead,it involves an active and conscious effort to integrate elements of one's own tradition with beneficial aspects of the global culture.The cultures that will thive are those that can adapt to new influences while preserving the core essence that makes them unique.This process of selective adoption and adaptation is the very definition of a living,evolving culture. ()1.What does the author suggest about the impact of globalization on food culture? A.It has completely wiped out traditional cuisines. B.It has led to a uniform global taste without any local variation C.It has created a conflict that only damages local food traditions. D.It has,alongside homogenization,led to a revival and innovation of local cuisines. ()2.The wordrevitalizationin paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A.creation B.restoration C.destruction D.isolation ()3.According to the passage,what is the primary reason for preserving minority languages? A.To prevent people from learning English. B.To isolate minority groups from the global community. C.To protect the cultural identity and traditions they cary D.To ensure minority groups have a political advantage. ()4.What is a potential benefit of cultural diversity in a business environment? A.It slows down decision-making processes. B.It encourages competition between different groups. C.It brings a wider range of perspectives for problem-solving. D.It forces everyone to adopt a single way of working. ()5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A.Globalization is an unstoppable force that will erase all cultural differences B.The best approach for a culture is to completely isolate itself from global influences C.The key to a thriving culture is finding a balance between preserving tradition and embracing global change D.Cultural diversity is a secondary concemn compared to economic development. Passage B The assumption that all members of a cultural group are identical is a dangerous oversimplification, known as stereotyping.While it might offer a sense of predictability,it often leads to misunderstanding and conflict.A more nuanced understanding involves recognizing the concept of"cultural scripts"the unwritten rules and shared assumptions that guide behavior in a particular society.These scripts are not rigid laws but flexible guidelines that help individuals navigate social situations.Understanding these scripts is essential for effective communication and building positive relationships across cultures. One of the most frequently misunderstood cultural scripts revolves around the concept of face.In many East Asian cultures,such as those in China,Japan,and Korea,"face"represents a person's social standing,reputation,and dignity.It is a precious asset that must be protected and given to others.This dynamic profoundly impacts communication styles.Direct confrontation,public criticism,or blunt refusal can cause someone to "lose face,"which is a deeply humiliating experience.Consequently, communication often relies on implicitness,indirectness,and non-verbal cues.Instead of saying"no" directly,a person might say,"I will think about it,"or"That might be difficult,"which is understood as a polite refusal.A person from a more direct"low-context"culture,like Germany or the United States, might interpret these responses as ambiguity or a lack of decision-making capability,leading to frustration Another key cultural script concemns the distinction between individualism and collectivism.In individualistic societies (e.g.,the USA,Australia,Westem Europe),personal achievement,self-reliance, and individual rights are highly valued.Success is often attributed to personal effort,and individuals are expected to express their own opinions openly.In contrast,collectivist societies (e.g.,many parts ofAsia, Latin America,Africa)prioritize group harmony,family loyalty,and community well-being.Individual needs are often secondary to the needs of the group.Making decisions in a group is a slow,consensus- building process.An individual who stands out too much may be seen as arrogant,while a person who values harmony is seen as wise and mature. The challenge for participants in a globalized world is not to memorize a long list ofisolated facts about every possible culture,which is an impossible task.The more effective skill is developing intercultural competence.This involves developing self-awareness of one's own cultural scripts,cultivating curiosity and respect for other cultural perspectives,and being flexible enough to adapt one's communication style as needed.A person with high intercultural competence does not assume that their own way of doing things is the only "right"way.Instead,they view cultural differences as different solutions to common human problems.This mindset,known as "cultural relativism,"is the foundation for building bridges across cultural divides,rather than building walls. ()1.According to the passage,what is the primary problem with stereotyping? A.It provides a predictable framework for interactions B.It is an effective way to understand cultural scripts C.It simplifies reality and leads to misunderstanding. D.It is only valid for collectivist cultures. ()2.The"high-context"communication style mentioned in the passage is characterized by: A.Direct and explicit verbal expression. B.Heavy reliance on non-verbal cues and implied meaning. C.A focus on individual opinions and personal achievement. D.A strict avoidance of any emotional expression. ()3.In a business negotiation between a Chinese and an American company,which scenario best illustrates a cultural script conflict based on the passage A.The Chinese team gives a detailed presentation about their product. B.The American team directly asks for a"yes"or"no"decision,while the Chinese team responds with "We will consider it." C.Both teams agree to have lunch together to build a personal relationship D.The American team brings gifts for their Chinese counterparts. ()4.The author suggests that developing intercultural competence is more effective than: A.relying on cultural stereotypes. B.tying to memorize all cultural facts. C.avoiding all cross-cultural interactions D.forcing one's own cultural practices on others. ()5.What is the most important mindset for someone with high intercultural competence? A.They believe their own culture is superior. B.They can speak multiple languages fluently. C.They view cultural differences as valid solutions to common problems D.They have extensive knowledge about the history of other cultures. 二、完形填空 A joumey through a bustling market in a foreign county can be a profound lesson in cultural diversity. The air is thick with a ofexotic flavours,from pungent spices to sweet pastries.The sounds are a wild of haggling vendors,laughing children,and unfamiliar music.For a visitor,the initial reaction is often one of sensory overload,a feeling of being lost in a where the usual rules seem not to apply. I watched an elderly woman,her face a map of wrinkles, expertly with a young man over the price of a vividly coloured piece of fabric.She was not aggressive,her tone was playful,almost musical The young man,in turn,would sigh dramatically and make a counter-offer.It was a dance,a ritual I had not yet To my Western eyes,used to set prices and quick transactions,this process seemed inefficient and even confrontational.I assumed the woman was being cheated or,at the very least,being incredibly stubbom.This was a(n) based on my own cultural script,which values directness and speed. Later,I had the chance to speak with a local artisan.I asked him about the custom of haggling.He explained,"It is not just about the money.It is about a relationship.Through the bargaining, we get to know each other.We share a story.If I simply name a fixed price,the connection is We both walk away with only an object,not a memory."This completely changed my perspective.The "confrontation"I saw was actually a form of social bonding. This experience to me that judging a cultural practice by my own standards is a mistake.What I initially saw as a negative trait was,in fact,a positive mechanism for building community.The temporary I felt in the market was simply a symptom ofmy own cultural ignorance.To find a sense of I did not need the market to change;I needed to change my understanding The between my own values and this new environment was not a problem to be solved but a space to be explored.It was a(n) opportunity to leamn that the world is not a single,uniform place but a collection of beautifully different solutions to the challenge of human existence.The of the market,which once seemed chaotic,now felt like a symphony of life 1.A.lack B.balance C.mixture D.variety 2.A.silence B.absence C.mixture D.pattern 3.A.world B.home C.conflict D.conference 4.A.argue B.bargain C.discuss D.assume 5.A.learned B.broken C.ignored D.forgotten 6.A.tradition B.assumption C.custom D.relief 7.A.avoiding B.building C.breaking D.controlling 8.A.created B.lost C.found D.strong 9.A.theory B.problem C.insight D.conflict 10.A.occurred B.happened C.proved D.assumed 11.A.joy B.relief C.comfort D.confusion 12.A.balance B.tradition C.uniqueness D.pressure 13.A.gap B.similarity C.balance D.conflict 14.A.unique B.common C.terrible D.minor 15.A.silence B.chaos C.simplicity D.flavour 三、阅读短文回答问题 The Cultural Iceberg Most people,when they think about culture,focus on the visible aspects.This includes things like food, clothing,music,festivals,and architecture.These are the most obvious expressions of a culture,often the first things a tourist will encounter.However,these visible elements are just the tip of a much larger iceberg.They represent only about 10%of what a culture actually is. The vast majority of a culture lies hidden beneath the surface,invisible to the casual observer.This 90% comprises the core values,beliefs,and thought patterns that drive the visible behavior.This includes a culture's assumptions about time (is it linear or cyclical?),the nature of human relationships(are they hierarchical or egalitarian?),and the role of the individual versus the group (individualism vs. collectivism).It encompasses deeply held beliefs about religion,spirituality,and the meaning of life.It also dictates the unwritten rules of communication,such as how to express disagreement or show respect. These elements are learned so early in life that they become subconscious,felt as "common sense"orthe way things are.” The critical point of the iceberg model is that we tend to judge other cultures based on what we can see, but we interpret those visible signs using our own invisible values.A visitor from a schedule-oriented culture might see the flexible concept of time in another culture as laziness or inefficiency,failing to understand that it is rooted in a value that prioritizes relationships over schedules.The discomfort felt when encountering an unfamiliar cultural practicea phenomenon known as culture shock-is often a result of this clash between invisible cultural values.Successful cross-cultural communication therefore requires not just learning about the "tip"of another culture,but making the effort to understand the "mass"of hidden values that lie beneath. Questions: 1.According to the"Cultural Iceberg"model,what percentage of a culture is made up of visible elements like art and food? 2.What does the"mass"of the iceberg represent in this model? 3.Why do people often misunderstand behavior from other cultures? 4.What is the phenomenon called when a person feels discomfort due to a clash of invisible cultural values? 5.What does the author suggest is necessary for successful cross-cultural communication? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is a country with a rich cultural heritage.To understand it,one must look beyond its famous landmarks and festivals and explore its core values.One fundamental 1. (tradition)is the concept of"harmony"(hexie).This principle is not just about peace,it is about achieving a perfect 2. (balance)between opposing forces,such as yin and yang.This belief3. (occur)in many aspects of life,from medicine to social relationships. The country's 4. (ethnic)diversity adds more layers of complexity.Each of the 55 minority groups has its own 5. (unique)customs.For example,the Mosuo people in Yunnan have a matriarchal society,a rare social structure.Their culture offers a different perspective on family and gender roles,a feature 6. (unique)to their way oflife. When traveling in China,a foreigner might find certain local 7. (custom)strange at first.The direct refusal may be rare;instead,one might hear a polite "maybe,"which can cause 8. (confuse).However,it is a 9. (conference)of communication where saving "face"is ofgreat importance.It is often an 10. (assume)that directness is the best policy,but this is not a universal truth. To one's great 11. (relief),misunderstandings can be avoided with a little patience and study. The best way to navigate this cultural landscape is to enjoy the 12.(flavour)of each region, from the spicy food of Sichuan to the sweet dishes of Shanghai.This process is not about losing one's own identity but about finding a 13. (balance)between different ways of life.Indeed, experiencing such cultural diversity is a 14. (unique)opportunity to expand one's mind and understand the world from a different point of view.It is ultimately a chance to 15. (relief) oneself of outdated stereotypes. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友To对中国文化很感兴趣。他来信提到，他注意到在中国，人们 常常说“民以食为天”，并且在社交活动中，用餐礼仪非常重要。请你给他写一封回信，内容 包括： 1.解释“民以食为天”的含义及其反映的文化价值观（如：家庭、分享、和谐）。 2.介绍一至两个中国独特的用餐习俗（如：使用筷子、长辈先动筷、点菜文化等）。 3.邀请他有机会来中国亲身体验。 要求： 1.词数120-150左右。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已为你写好。 Dear Tom, I was thrilled to hear about your interest in Chinese food culture!You're absolutely right,it's a huge part of our identity The saying“民以食为天”literally means"Food is the sky for the people,”which highlights food as the most fundamental necessity of life.It reflects our cultural value of sharing and harmony.A family meal is a sacred time for bonding,where dishes are placed in the center for everyone to share,symbolizing unity. Our dining etiquette is unique.For instance,we use chopsticks,which should never be stuck upright in a bowl of rice as this resembles incense used at funerals.Also,it is a mark of respect to allow the eldest person at the table to start eating first before others begin. I sincerely invite you to come to China to experience the lively atmosphere of a Chinese dinner.I'm sure the local flavours will be an unforgettable memory for you. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 PassageA:1.D 2.B3.C4.C5.C 一、阅读理解 Passage B:6.C 7.B8.B9.B 10.C 1.C,2.C,3.A;4.B;5.A;6.B,7.B,8.B;9.C,10.A,11.D,12.A,13.A,14.A;15 二、完形填空 B 1.According to the"Cultural Iceberg"model,10%of a culture is made up of visible elements. 2.The"mass"of the iceberg represents the invisible 90%of a culture,including core values,beliefs,and thought patterns. 三、阅读短文 回答问题 3.People often misunderstand behavior from other cultures because they judge visible behaviors using their own invisible cultural values. 4.The phenomenon is called culture shock. 5.The author suggests that successful cross-cultural communication requires making the effort to understand the "mass"of hidden values that lie beneath the surface. 1.tradition 2.balance 3.occurs 4.ethnic 5.unique 6.unique 7.customs 8.confusion 9. 四、短文填空 conference 10.assumption 11.relief 12.flavour 13.balance 14.unique 15.relieve 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I was thrilled to hear about your interest in Chinese food culture!You're absolutely right,it's a huge part of our identity. The saying“民以食为天”literally means"Food is the sky for the people,”which highlights food as the most fundamental necessity of life.It reflects our cultural value ofsharing and harmony.A family meal is a sacred time for bonding,where dishes are placed in the center for everyone to share,symbolizing unity. Our dining etiquette is unique.For instance,we use chopsticks,which should never be stuck upright in a bowl of rice as this resembles incense used at funerals.Also,it is a mark of respect to allow the eldest person at the table to start eating first before others begin I sincerely invite you to come to China to experience the lively atmosphere of a Chinese dinner.I'm sure the local flavours will be an unforgettable memory for you. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours,