Unit 5 Natural Disasters Section 1 Reading for Meaning 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语冀教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案围绕“地震”主题展开，涵盖地震的成因、危害、中国历史记录及防灾措施。通过“听到声响、地面摇晃”的情景描述导入课堂，以现象认知、科学原理解析、历史案例回顾到预防方法探究的学习支架，构建连贯知识脉络。 资料特色在于情景化主题激发学习兴趣，词汇部分通过词形转换与短语拓展强化语言能力，融入中国地震记录及防灾减灾日内容渗透文化意识，分析预防措施培养思维品质，习题设计结合主题巩固知识，助力学生综合素养提升。

Unit 5 You hear a low loud sound. The ground begins to shake. It’s an earthquake ! Earthquakes can be extremely deadly and horrible. Many last a minute or less, but that is more than enough time to create damage and scare anyone. In those few seconds, an entire region can be destroyed. Buildings and bridges break down. People are caught, unable to move. Millions die in earthquakes. Even after an earthquake ends, the damage continues. Fires break out, creating even more damage than the earthquake itself. Why do earthquakes happen ? The top layer of our planet seems solid to us. In fact it’s made up of huge pieces. These pieces are called plates, which are always moving very slowly. Sometimes plates slide past each other. Sometimes they push against each other. In some places, plates pull away from each other. All these movements create pressure underground. The pressure builds up, causing large rocks to break. A huge amount of energy is given off, some of which travels through the ground and reaches the surface. This can cause terrible damage. Sometimes, the movements underground can also create a volcano. If a volcano were to erupt in a downtown area of any city, you can imagine the horrible damage it could cause. Big earthquakes can lift large stones off the ground. The ground can shake so much that buildings fall down like a house of cards. Highways break. Cars may be buried. It’s impossible to stand or run during a bad earthquake. People become helpless. Earthquakes are one of the deadliest natural disasters that the world has ever experienced. Earthquake Records in China The Chinese had a written language long before most others and recorded many things, including earthquakes. Many of these records were lost, while some survived. The earliest recorded earthquake happened in China in 1831 BCE. That’s almost 4,000 years ago ! It was written in Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian that in 780 BCE, an earthquake was powerful enough to change the courses of three rivers. In 1976, an earthquake hit near Tangshan, causing 242,769 deaths. In 2008, a big earthquake broke out at Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. It was the most serious earthquake in China after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Preventing Disaster We can’t stop earthquakes. But we can sometimes foretell them. Scientists know several warning signs that an earthquake is about to happen. One of these is a change in underground water levels. Sometimes rocks move around just before an earthquake. This causes water underground to move, too. In early February, 1975, a radio program warned the people of Haicheng to leave immediately. Scientists had noticed that water levels in wells were changing, followed by small shaking movements of the Earth. On February 4, there was a powerful earthquake that measured 7.5 on the Richter scale. Thousands of buildings broke down. Some people died. But it could have been much deadlier without the warning. Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day in China China is one of the countries in the world that suffer the most natural disasters. Along with global climate changes as well as its own economic takeoff and progress, China is experiencing increasing pressure on resources and environment. The prevention of and response to natural disasters have become more serious. In the wake of the Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12 “Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day”, starting in 2009. An official document has been written to mark the first anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake and China’s first “Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day”. Educational brochures and posters were given to millions of homes to help people learn what to do when an earthquake happens. [Part Two] Vocabulary 1. extremely adv. 极其 2. horrible adj. 恐怖的 [词形转换] ❶ _______________ v. 使恐吓 _______________ 使某人害怕 ❷ _______________ adj. 令人震惊的 3. scare v. 惊吓；使害怕 _______________ 使某人受到惊吓 _______________ 威胁某人做某事 _______________ 做某事使某人害怕 [词形转换] ❶ _______________ adj. 害怕的 _______________ 害怕… ❷ _______________ adj. 可怕的 4. region n. 地区；区域 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 区域的；地方的 5. plate n. 板块；盘子 6. slide v. 滑行 7. movement n. 移动；行动 8. volcano n. 火山 9. erupt v. 爆发 _______________ 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事） [词形转换] _______________ n. 爆发；突发 10. downtown adj. 市中心的 11. disaster n. 灾难 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 灾难性的 12. survive v. 幸存 _______________ 靠…生存 _______________ 比某人多活… [词形转换] ❶ _______________ n. 幸存者 ❷ _______________ n. 幸存；生存 13. BCE abbr. 公元前 14. death n. 死亡 _______________ 饿死 _______________ 被判死刑 _______________ 冻死 _______________ 把某人吓死 [词形转换] ❶ _______________ v. 死亡 ❷ _______________ adj. 死了的 ❸ _______________ adj. 奄奄一息的 ❹ _______________ adj. 致命的 15. resource n. 资源 16. response n. 答复 _______________ 对…做出回应（介词短语） _______________ 对…做出回应（动词短语） [词形转换] ❶ _______________ v. 回应 _______________ 对…做出回应 ❷ _______________ adj. 负责的 _______________ 对…负责 ❸ _______________ n. 责任 _______________ 承担…的责任 17. document n. 文件 18. anniversary n. 周年纪念日 19. greet v. 打招呼 20. brochure n. 资料手册 21. poster n. 海报 22. design n./ v. 设计；构思 _______________ 故意地 _______________ 为…设计… _______________ 打算做某事 [词形转换] _______________ n. 设计师 23. supply n./ v. 供应 _______________ 为某人供应某物 _______________ 把某物提供给某人 24. content n. 内容；目录 adj. 满意的 v. 使满足 _______________ 对…感到满意 _______________ 自我满足于… 25. package n. 包裹 v. 打包 26. material n. 材料 27. aid n./ v. 援助 _______________ 急救 _______________ 为了帮助… _______________ 在…的帮助下 _______________ 帮助某人（做）某事 _______________ 在某方面帮助某人 _______________ 帮助某人做某事 28. midnight n. 午夜 29. tornado n. 龙卷风 30. technique n. 技术 31. evacuation n. 疏散 32. prescription n. 处方 33. seismograph n. 地震仪 34. determine v. 决定 _______________ 决定做某事 _______________ 决定… _______________ 使某人下定决心做某事 [词形转换] ❶ _______________ adj. 坚定的 _______________ 决定做某事 ❷ _______________ n. 决心 _______________ 坚定地 35. copper n. 铜 36. dragon n. 龙 37. toad n. 蟾蜍 38. expel v. 排出 39. typhoon n. 台风 40. hurricane n. 飓风 41. average n. 平均 adj. 平均的 _______________ 平均地 42. cyclone n. 旋风 43. super adj. 超级的 44. landslide n. 塌方；滑坡 45. wave n. 波浪 46. surf v. 冲浪 47. curious adj. 好奇的 _______________ 对…好奇 [词形转换] _______________ n. 好奇心 _______________ 出于好奇 _______________ 好奇地 48. counterpart n. 职位（或作用）相当的人 49. march v. 行进 50. military adj. 军事的 n. 军方 51. argue v. 争吵 _______________ 说服某人做/不做某事 _______________ 就某事与某人争论 [词形转换] _______________ n. 争论；论据 _______________ 就某事与某人争论 52. emergency n. 紧急情况 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 紧急的 53. request n./ v. 要求 _______________ 要求得到… _______________ 应某人的要求 = _______________ _______________ 要求某人（不）做某事 54. negotiate v. 谈判 [词形转换] _______________ n. 谈判 55. authority n. 当局 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 You hear a low loud sound. The ground begins to shake. It’s an earthquake ! Earthquakes can be extremely deadly and horrible. Many last a minute or less, but that is more than enough time to create damage and scare anyone. In those few seconds, an entire region can be destroyed. Buildings and bridges break down. People are caught, unable to move. Millions die in earthquakes. Even after an earthquake ends, the damage continues. Fires break out, creating even more damage than the earthquake itself. Why do earthquakes happen ? The top layer of our planet seems solid to us. In fact it’s made up of huge pieces. These pieces are called plates, which are always moving very slowly. Sometimes plates slide past each other. Sometimes they push against each other. In some places, plates pull away from each other. All these movements create pressure underground. The pressure builds up, causing large rocks to break. A huge amount of energy is given off, some of which travels through the ground and reaches the surface. This can cause terrible damage. Sometimes, the movements underground can also create a volcano. If a volcano were to erupt in a downtown area of any city, you can imagine the horrible damage it could cause. Big earthquakes can lift large stones off the ground. The ground can shake so much that buildings fall down like a house of cards. Highways break. Cars may be buried. It’s impossible to stand or run during a bad earthquake. People become helpless. Earthquakes are one of the deadliest natural disasters that the world has ever experienced. Earthquake Records in China The Chinese had a written language long before most others and recorded many things, including earthquakes. Many of these records were lost, while some survived. The earliest recorded earthquake happened in China in 1831 BCE. That’s almost 4,000 years ago ! It was written in Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian that in 780 BCE, an earthquake was powerful enough to change the courses of three rivers. In 1976, an earthquake hit near Tangshan, causing 242,769 deaths. In 2008, a big earthquake broke out at Wenchuan, Sichuan Province. It was the most serious earthquake in China after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Preventing Disaster We can’t stop earthquakes. But we can sometimes foretell them. Scientists know several warning signs that an earthquake is about to happen. One of these is a change in underground water levels. Sometimes rocks move around just before an earthquake. This causes water underground to move, too. In early February, 1975, a radio program warned the people of Haicheng to leave immediately. Scientists had noticed that water levels in wells were changing, followed by small shaking movements of the Earth. On February 4, there was a powerful earthquake that measured 7.5 on the Richter scale. Thousands of buildings broke down. Some people died. But it could have been much deadlier without the warning. Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day in China China is one of the countries in the world that suffer the most natural disasters. Along with global climate changes as well as its own economic takeoff and progress, China is experiencing increasing pressure on resources and environment. The prevention of and response to natural disasters have become more serious. In the wake of the Wenchuan earthquake, the Chinese government decided to make May 12 “Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day”, starting in 2009. An official document has been written to mark the first anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake and China’s first “Disaster Prevention & Reduction Day”. Educational brochures and posters were given to millions of homes to help people learn what to do when an earthquake happens. [Part Two] Vocabulary 1. extremely adv. 极其 2. horrible adj. 恐怖的 [词形转换] ❶ horrify v. 使恐吓 horrify sb. 使某人害怕 ❷ horrifying adj. 令人震惊的 3. scare v. 惊吓；使害怕 scare sb. 使某人受到惊吓 scare sb. into doing 威胁某人做某事 It scares sb. to do 做某事使某人害怕 [词形转换] ❶ scared adj. 害怕的 be scared of… 害怕… ❷ scary adj. 可怕的 4. region n. 地区；区域 [词形转换] regional adj. 区域的；地方的 5. plate n. 板块；盘子 6. slide v. 滑行 7. movement n. 移动；行动 8. volcano n. 火山 9. erupt v. 爆发 erupt into 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事） [词形转换] eruption n. 爆发；突发 10. downtown adj. 市中心的 11. disaster n. 灾难 [词形转换] disastrous adj. 灾难性的 12. survive v. 幸存 survive on… 靠…生存 survive sb. by + 时间 比某人多活… [词形转换] ❶ survivor n. 幸存者 ❷ survival n. 幸存；生存 13. BCE abbr. 公元前 14. death n. 死亡 starve to death 饿死 be sentenced to death 被判死刑 be frozen to death 冻死 scare/ frighten sb. to death 把某人吓死 [词形转换] ❶ die v. 死亡 ❷ dead adj. 死了的 ❸ dying adj. 奄奄一息的 ❹ deadly adj. 致命的 15. resource n. 资源 16. response n. 答复 in response to… 对…做出回应（介词短语） make a response to… 对…做出回应（动词短语） [词形转换] ❶ respond v. 回应 respond to… 对…做出回应 ❷ responsible adj. 负责的 be responsible for… 对…负责 ❸ responsibility n. 责任 take responsibility for… 承担…的责任 17. document n. 文件 18. anniversary n. 周年纪念日 19. greet v. 打招呼 20. brochure n. 资料手册 21. poster n. 海报 22. design n./ v. 设计；构思 by design 故意地 design…for… 为…设计… design to do 打算做某事 [词形转换] designer n. 设计师 23. supply n./ v. 供应 supply sb. with sth. 为某人供应某物 supply sth. to sb. 把某物提供给某人 24. content n. 内容；目录 adj. 满意的 v. 使满足 be content with… 对…感到满意 content oneself with… 自我满足于… 25. package n. 包裹 v. 打包 26. material n. 材料 27. aid n./ v. 援助 first aid 急救 in aid of… 为了帮助… with the aid of… 在…的帮助下 aid sb. (in) doing 帮助某人（做）某事 aid sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 28. midnight n. 午夜 29. tornado n. 龙卷风 30. technique n. 技术 31. evacuation n. 疏散 32. prescription n. 处方 33. seismograph n. 地震仪 34. determine v. 决定 determine to do 决定做某事 determine on/ upon… 决定… determine sb. to do 使某人下定决心做某事 [词形转换] ❶ determined adj. 坚定的 be determined to do 决定做某事 ❷ determination n. 决心 with determination 坚定地 35. copper n. 铜 36. dragon n. 龙 37. toad n. 蟾蜍 38. expel v. 排出 39. typhoon n. 台风 40. hurricane n. 飓风 41. average n. 平均 adj. 平均的 on average 平均地 42. cyclone n. 旋风 43. super adj. 超级的 44. landslide n. 塌方；滑坡 45. wave n. 波浪 46. surf v. 冲浪 47. curious adj. 好奇的 be curious about… 对…好奇 [词形转换] curiosity n. 好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity 好奇地 48. counterpart n. 职位（或作用）相当的人 49. march v. 行进 50. military adj. 军事的 n. 军方 51. argue v. 争吵 argue sb. into/ out of… 说服某人做/不做某事 argue with sb. about/ over sth. 就某事与某人争论 [词形转换] argument n. 争论；论据 have an argument with sb. over/ about sth. 就某事与某人争论 52. emergency n. 紧急情况 [词形转换] emergent adj. 紧急的 53. request n./ v. 要求 make a request for… 要求得到… at one’s request 应某人的要求 = at the request of sb. request sb. (not) to do 要求某人（不）做某事 54. negotiate v. 谈判 [词形转换] negotiation n. 谈判 55. authority n. 当局 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $