Unit 1 Nature（B部分）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（沪外版）

Unit 1 Nature 教材全解(B部分) damage beyond generation preserve appreciate 。单元核心词汇 burning transform familiar landscape affect mood; response responsible romantic frozen renew aware ②单元同步语法 词汇构词法拓展：反义词(Antony ms) 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.damage/daemId3/v.损害；毁坏；破坏n.损害；伤害；损坏 词形变化：damaging(adj.)有害的；损害的；damages(n.pl.)赔偿金 搭配：cause/do damage to对…造成损害；damage one's reputation损害某人的声 誉；minor/serious damage轻微/严重损害 辨析：damage指部分损坏，可修复；destroy指彻底毁坏，无法修复；ham指对健 康、感情等的伤害。 例句：The storm caused great damage to the crops.. Smoking can damage your health seriously 2.beyond/br'jond/prep.表示不可能；在（或向）…较远的一边 搭配：beyond belief难以置信；beyond repair无法修复；beyond one''s control超 出某人的控制；beyond doubt毫无疑问 用法：后接名词或名词短语，也可作副词：look beyond往更远处看 例句：The beauty of the sunset is beyond description. What lies beyond the mountain? 3.generation/,d3ene'ren/n.一代人，同代人，同辈人 词形变化：generational(adj.）代际的；regenerate(v.）再生；更新 搭配：from generation to generation一代一代地；the younger generation年轻一 代；generation gap代沟 辨析：generation指人群的辈分；era指时代；century指世纪 例句：We should preserve the environment for future generations.. There is a big generation gap between my grandparents and me. 4.preserve/pI'z3:v/v.保护；维护；保留；保藏 词形变化：preservation(.)保护；保存；preserver(m.)保护者；防腐剂 搭配：preserve the environment保护环境；preserve historical sites保护历史遗迹； preserve food保存食物 辨析：preserve强调保持原样，免受破坏；protect侧重提供安全防护；conserve强 调节约使用资源。 例句：We must preserve the old traditions. Salt is used to preserve meat. 5.appreciate/A'pi:iert/v.欣赏；赏识；重视；感激；升值 词形变化：appreciation(m.)欣赏；感激；增值；appreciative(adj.）感激的；欣赏 的 搭配：appreciate one's help感激某人的帮助；appreciate the beauty欣赏美 appreciate in value升值 注意：后接名词、代词或动名词，不接不定式：I appreciate your coming. 例句：I appreciate your kindness very much, We should learn to appreciate different cultures. 6.transform/rens'fo:m/v.使改变形态；使改观：改造 词形变化：transformation(m.)变化；转变；改革；transformer(n.）变压器；改革 者 搭配：transform..into... 把…变成…；transform one's life改变某人的生活 辨析：transform指形态、性质等方面的彻底改变；change泛指任何变化；convert 指用途、信仰等的改变。 例句：The city has been transformed into a modern metropolis. A little exercise can transform your mood. 7.affect/e'fekt/v.影响；感动；（疾病)侵袭 词形变化：affection(n.)喜爱；影响；affected(adj.)受影响的；假装的； affecting(adj.)令人感动的 辨析：affect(v.)影响；effect(.）影响；效果；influence(v./m.)影响（常指潜 移默化) 搭配：affect one's decision影响某人的决定；be affected by受…影响 例句：The weather affects my mood a lot,. How does the new policy affect our daily life? 8.mood /mu:d/n.情绪；心情；气氛 词形变化：moody(adj.)情绪多变的；喜怒无常的 搭配：in a good/bad mood心情好/坏；be in the mood for sth.有心情做某事； mood swings情绪波动 例句：Music can change your mood quickly. He is in no mood for joking today. 9.response/r'spons/n.回答；反应；响应 词形变化：respond(v.)回答；响应；responsive(adj.)反应迅速的；回答的 搭配：in response to作为对…的回应；make a response做出回应；quick response快速反应 辨析：response语气较正式；reply回答（较口语化）；answer回答（通用） 例句：She made no response to my question. In response to the call,many volunteers came forward. 10.responsible/m'sppnsabl/adj.负责的；有责任心的；承担责任的 词形变化：responsibility(m.）责任；irresponsible(adj.)不负责任的 搭配：be responsible for对…负责；take responsibility for承担…责任；a responsible person有责任心的人 用法：作定语或表语：a responsible citizen/You are responsible for your choices. 例句：Parents are responsible for their children's safety. Who is responsible for this mistake? ll.aware/e'wea(r)/adj.知道；意识到；明白 词形变化：awareness(n.)意识；明白；unaware(adj.)未察觉的 搭配：be aware of意识到；become aware that..意识到；raise awareness提 高意识 辨析：aware强调通过感官或信息得知；conscious强调有意识的、清醒的；notice 强调注意到 例句：Are you aware of the risks involved? He became aware that someone was following him l2.positive/'pDzotIv/adj.积极乐观的；肯定的；正面的；正的 词形变化：positively(adv.)积极地；肯定地；positivity(.)积极性；正面性； negative(反义词)消极的 搭配：positive attitude积极的态度；positive effect积极影响；be positive about 对…有信心；positive1 result阳性结果/正面结果 例句：Keep a positive mind even in difficult times.. The experiment gave a positive result. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The earthquake caused serious (damage)to many buildings. 2.His behavior was (beyond)belief-no one could understand it. 3.It is our duty to protect the environment for future (generate). 4.We should learn to (preservation)the beauty of nature. 5.I really (appreciation)your timely help during the exam. 6.The old factory has been (transformation)into a modern art center. 7.How will the new policy (affective)our daily life? 8.She is in a bad (moody)today,so don't bother her. 9.The government made a quick (respond)to the disaster. 10.Who is (responsibility)for the accident? 11.He was not fully (awareness)of the danger at first. 12.Try to stay (positive)even when things go wrong. (二)短文填空 Nature has a powerful influence on our feelings.For example,a beautiful sunset can our mood from gloomy to cheerful.Scientists have found that spending time in natural landscapes can 2. our mental health in a 3. way.It helps us become more 4. of the beauty around us and 5. the simple things in life.However,we often damage the environment without realizing it.We must take 6. for preserving the natural world for future 7..In 8. to the growing environmental crisis,many countries are taking action to repair the 9. already done.One small step 10. our own needs can make a big difference. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.damage;2.beyond;3.generations;4.preserve;5.appreciate;6.transformed; 7.affect;8.mood;9.response;10.responsible;11.aware;12.positive (二)短文填空 1.transform;2.affect,3.positive;4.aware;5.appreciate;6.responsibility 7.generations;8.response;9.damage;10.beyond 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 词汇构词法拓展：反义词 词汇构词法拓展：反义词 项目 内容 反义词指意义相反的词。在英语中，很多反义词通过添加前缀或后缀构 定义 成，也有部分为独立词项。掌握反义词构词法有助于扩大词汇量、提升阅 读和写作表达的准确性。 添加否定前缀改变词义，常见有： un-:able→unable（能够→不能) dis-:agree→disagree(同意→不同意) in-:correct→incorrect（正确→不正确) 前缀法 im-(用于b,p,m前)：possible一impossible（可能→不可能) ir-(用于r前)：regular→irregular(规则→不规则) il-(用于1前)：legal→illegal(合法→非法) non-:stop→non-stop(停止→不停) -less表示“无”，与-ful相反： 后缀法 careful→careless(小心→粗心) hopeful一hopeless(有希望→无望) 需单独记忆： 不规则反义词good-bad,big-smal,hot-cold,happy-sad,long-short,fast-slow 等 popular→unpopular(受欢迎→不受欢迎) comfortable→uncomfortable（舒适→不舒适》 honest一dishonest(诚实→不诚实) patient一→impatient(耐心→不耐烦) 高频反义词对responsible→irresponsible（负责→不负责) logical→illogical（逻辑→不合逻辑) formal→informal(正式→非正式) helpful→helpless(有帮助→无助) meaningful→meaningless(有意义→无意义) 1.注意前缀与词首字母的匹配：im-只用于b,p,m开头的词；ir-用于r 开头；1-用于1开头。 2.有些词的反义词并非加否定前缀，如：1ike-dislike,但dislike属于 用法提示 dis-前缀。 3.区分否定前缀与词根本身的否定含义，例如：uncertain(不确定)≠ certain(确定)。 4.规则变化的反义词通常不改变词性，仅改变意义。 考点通关 词汇构词法拓展：反义词 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) It's to finish the work in two days;we need at least a week. A.possible B.impossible C.possibly D.possibility My father is a very person;he never tells lies. A.honest B.dishonest C.honesty D.dishonesty The instructions were,so I had to ask for help. A.clear B.unclear C.clearly D.unclearness Eating too much junk food is for your health. A.helpful B.helpfulness C.helpless D.harmful He felt after hearing the bad news. A.happy B.happily C.unhappy D.happiness The meeting was due to the heavy rain A.formal B.informal C.formally D.inform It is to drive without a license A.legal B.illegal C.legally D.illegality The of the word "possible"is "impossible" A.synonym B.antonym C.synonymy D.antonymy 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The movie was so that I fell asleep halfway. 2.He is a very teacher;he never gets angry with slow students 3.It's to give different scores for the same answer. 4.The verb"go”has an irregular past tense"went”. 5.She looked in those tight shoes. 6.The plan seemed -it didn't make any sense. 7.Please be the glass is easy to break. 8.His behavior caused the accident. 9.The traffic here is at night;you should walk with caution. 10.We should avoid expenses during the pandemic. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.D;5.C;6.B;7.B;8.B 1.uninteresting;2.impatient;3.unfair;4.irregular; 语法专练二：语法填空 5.uncomfortable;6.illogical;7.careless;8.irresponsible; 9.unsafe;10.unnecessary A 收曰上☆音与生壮 重点句型 自然之美 The beauty of nature,which is often overlooked in our busy lives,can be found in the smallest details. 结构：先行词+，+which+从句（补充说明先行词，用逗号隔开） 中文：自然的美丽，常常在忙碌生活中被忽视，却存在于最小的细节中。 用法：非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后主句意思仍然完整。 注意：必须用逗号与主句隔开，不可用that代替which。 2 ...can be found in the smallest details:a dewdrop on a leaf,the sound of a stream,or the scent of wildflowers. 结构：主句+：+并列的名词短语（列举细节） 中文：它存在于最小的细节中：叶子上的露珠、溪流的声音、野花的香气。 用法：冒号引出对前面内容的解释或举例。 3.Although modern life has separated many of us from nature,the essay argues that... 结构：Although+从句，主句（表示“虽然…但是…”） 中文：虽然现代生活使很多人与自然分离，但文章认为.·· 用法：although与but不能连用，但可与yet/nevertheless.连用。 注意：从句可放在主句前或后。 4...the natural world,whose rhythms we still carry within us. 结构：先行词+whose+名词+从句（表示“某人的/某物的”） 中文：自然世界，其节奏依然存于我们体内。 用法：whosel既可指人也可指物，相当于of which/whomo 注意：从句用陈述语序。 5.a sunset that paints the sky in hues of orange and pink 结构：先行词+关系代词(that/which/who)+从句 中文： 一个将天空染成橘色和粉色的日落 用法：tht可指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）。 注意：which指物，who指人。限定性定语从句是句子不可缺少的部分。 6. a sunset that paints the sky in hues of orange and pink,a sight which reminds us.. 结构：名词/名词短语+逗号+名词短语（对前文内容进行解释或补充） 中文：一个将天空染成橘色和粉色的日落，一个提醒我们.·的景象。 用法：同位语通常紧跟在被说明的词之后，用逗号隔开。 注意：同位语本身可以包含定语从句修饰。 7...we discover patterns...,revealing a hidden order in the world. 结构：主句，+现在分词短语（表示自然而然的结果或伴随状况） 中文：我们发现了模式，揭示出世界的隐藏秩序。 用法：现在分词作结果状语，通常放在句尾，用逗号隔开，表示主句带来的结果。 注意：逻辑主语是主句的主语。 8.When we take the time to observe nature,we discover patterns... 结构：When+从句（一般现在时/过去时)，主句 中文：当我们花时间观察自然时，我们发现模式.. 用法：When引导的从句表示动作发生的时间。 注意：若主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。 9.true beauty comes not from perfection,but from the imperfection and change... 结构：not+A+bmt+B(不是A,而是B) 中文：真正的美不是来自完美，而是来自不完美和变化.· 用法：强调对比关系，连接两个平行结构（名词、介词短语、动词等）。 注意：注意前后对称。 10.By connecting with nature,we can find peace...,and we can learn to see the world with new eyes. 结构：简单句+and+简单句（连接两个并列的动作或状态） 中文：通过连接自然，我们能找到平静，并且学会用新眼光看世界。 用法：and连接两个对等的主谓结构。 注意：connect with意为“与…联系/连接”。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.The garden,(whose)flowers bloom in spring,is my favorite place. 2.Although he was tired,he kept (working)in the field. 3.The mountain (that)we climbed last week is very high. 4.When the sun (sets),the sky turns orange. 5.The bird,(whose)song is sweet,lives in that tree. 6.I saw a butterfly (flying)over the flowers. 7.He tried his best,(failing)at last 8.The beauty of nature comes not from perfection,(but)fromimperfection 9.We should connect(with)people from different cultures. 10.The essay argues that we (are)part of nature. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子) 1.自然的美丽，常常被我们忽视，却存在于最小的细节中。 2.虽然现代生活使我们与自然分离，但文章认为我们依然是自然的一部分。 3.我仍然记得那个把天空染成粉红色的日落。 4.当我们花时间观察自然时，我们会发现重复出现的模式。 5.作者花费多年研究自然景观，认为真正的美来自不完美。 6.通过与自然连接，我们可以找到内心的平静。 7.落叶的声音提醒我们生命的短暂。 8.不是所有的美都是完美的，但所有的美都是真实的。 9.无论我们走到哪里，自然的节奏都存在于我们体内。 10.他尝试去观察自然，却发现自己被城市的噪音包围。 参考答案 1.whose;2.working;3.that which;4.sets;5.whose; 练习一：完成句子 6.flying;7.failing;8.but;9.with;10.are 1.The beauty of nature,which is often overlooked by us,exists in the smallest details.;2.Although modern life has separated us from nature,the essay argues that we are still part of nature.;3.I still remember the sunset that painted the sky in hues of pink. 4.When we take time to observe nature,we discover patterns that repeat.5.The author,who has spent years studying natural 练习二：翻译句子 landscapes,believes that true beauty comes from imperfection.; 6.By connecting with nature,we can find inner peace.;7.The sound of falling leaves reminds us of the fleeting nature of life.8.Not all beauty is perfect,but all beauty is real. 9.Wherever we go,the rhythms of nature still exist within us.; 10.He tried to observe nature,but found himself surrounded by the noise of the city. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A For decades,scientists believed that trees in a forest were solitary creatures,competing with each other for sunlight and nutrients.This view has been dramatically overturned by the research of forest ecologist Dr. Suzanne Simard,who discovered that trees are far more social and cooperative than previously imagined. What she found was a complex underground network that connects trees,allowing them to communicate, share resources,and even warn each other of danger. At the heart of this network lies the mycorhizal fungi,microscopic organisms that form symbiotic relationships with tree roots.These fungi act as the intemet cables of the forest,transmitting chemical signals from one tree to another.Through this web,older trees known as"mother trees"can send carbon, nitrogen,and water to younger seedlings struggling in the shade.In one remarkable experiment,Simard showed that a birch tree,when injected with radioactive carbon,transferred the carbon to a nearby fir tree that was being shaded.The fir tree,in tumn,later retumned the favor when the birch was leafless in winter. The implications of this discovery are profound.When a tree is attacked by insects,it releases chemical distress signals through the fungal network,warning neighboring trees to boost their chemical defenses. This early warning system can save entire groves from devastation.Furthermore,the network allows trees to recognize their own offspring-mother trees favor their kin by sending them more nutrients through the fungal connections. This understanding challenges our conventional notions of competition and survival in nature.Rather than viewing forests as collections of individuals fighting for survival,Simard suggests we should see them as superorganisms,where the health of each individual is tied to the health of the whole.When we cut down a mother tree,we not only lose that individual but potentially damage the entire network that has been nurturing the next generation. The research has significant implications for forestry practices.Clear-cutting,a common logging method that removes all trees from an area,disrupts this fungal network entirely.Simard advocates for selective logging that preserves mother trees and maintains the integrity of the underground communication system She argues that by treating forests as communities rather than timber factories,we can develop more sustainable approaches to foresty that protect both the ecosystem and our long-term interests. ()1.What was the traditional view of trees in a forest according to the passage? A.They lived in harmony with each other. B.They competed for resources individually. C.They communicated through chemical signals D.They depended on fungi for survival. ()2.Which of the following best describes the role of mycorrhizal fungi? A.They compete with trees for nutrients. B.They serve as a communication network. C.They prevent trees from sharing resources. D.They attack trees under stress. ()3.What does the experiment with birch and fir trees demonstrate? A.Trees only help their own offspring B.Trees can exchange resources reciprocally. C.Fir trees are more generous than birch trees D.Radioactive carbon harms tree growth. ()4.The underlined word "kin"in paragraph 3 most likely means A.enemies B.competitors C.family members D.parasites ()5.What is the author's attitude toward clear-cutting? A.Strongly supportive B.Cautiously optimistic C.Generally critical D.Completely indifferent Passage B As urbanization accelerates globally,with more than half of the world's population now living in cities, the importance of green spaces within urban environments has become a subject of intense scientific investigation.Parks,community gardens,tree-lined streets,and even small patches of vegetation are proving to be far more than aesthetic enhancements-they are essential components of public health infrastructure A landmark study conducted by researchers at the University of Exeter Medical School analyzed data from over 10,000 urban dwellers over a period of 18 years.The findings were striking:individuals living in neighborhoods with more green space reported significantly lower levels of mental distress and higher life satisfaction.What made this study particularly compelling was that the positive effects were observed regardless of income level,suggesting that access to nature benefits everyone,not just those who can afford homes in affluent green suburbs. The mechanisms behind these benefits are multifaceted.Exposure to natural environments has been shown to reduce cortisol levels,the hormone associated with stress.Even brief encounters with green spaces-as short as five minutes-can lower blood pressure and improve mood.Additionally,natural settings promote what psychologists call"soft fascination,"a gentle form of attention that allows the brain's directed attention system to rest and recover.This is particularly important in urban environments, where the constant demands of traffic,advertising,and digital screens can lead to mental fatigue. Beyond individual well-being,green spaces foster community cohesion.Parks and gardens provide venues for social interaction,where neighbors can meet,children can play,and community events can take place.Research from the University of Illinois found that residents living near green spaces reported stronger social ties and a greater sense of belonging to their community.In neighborhoods with well- maintained green areas,residents were more likely to know their neighbors and to help each other in times ofneed. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical role of urban nature.During lockdowns,parks became vital sanctuaries for physical exercise,mental respite,and safe social contact.Cities that had invested in accessible green spaces saw their residents cope better with the stresses of isolation and uncertainty.This has led urban planners to reconsider the design of cities,with many now advocating for the"15-minute city"concept,where every resident can access a park within a 15-minute walk from home. However,disparities in access to green spaces remain a pressing concern.Low-income neighborhoods and communities of color often have fewer parks and trees,a phenomenon described as "green gentification."Addressing these inequities is not merely a matter of environmental justice but a public health imperative.As cities continue to grow,ensuring equitable access to nature will be one of the defining challenges of urban planning in the 21st century. ()1.What does the University of Exeter study primarily demonstrate? A.Wealthy people benefit more from green spaces. B.Green spaces improve mental health across all income levels. C.Urban dwellers rarely use parks for recreation. D.Income determines access to natural environments. ()2.According to paragraph 3,what is "soft fascination? A.A state of intense concentration B.A way to recover mental energy C.A negative response to nature D.A type of physical exercise ()3.How do green spaces contribute to community cohesion? A.By increasing property values B.By providing opportunities for social interaction C.By reducing the need for public services D.By attracting tourists to the area ()4.What does the "15-minute city"concept refer to? A.A city where all services are within 15 minutes B.A city that limits car use to 15 minutes daily C.A city with parks within 15 minutes walk for residents D.A city designed for 15-minute work commutes ()5.What challenge does the passage identify regarding urban green spaces? A.Maintaining parks is too expensive. B.Access to green spaces is unevenly distributed. C.Parks attract too many visitors. D.Green spaces reduce housing availability. 二、完形填空 In 2015,a young woman named Wangari Maathai was making her way through the dusty streets of Nairobi,Kenya.She had just completed her studies abroad and retumed home with a vision that would (1) transform her country's landscape.What she saw distressed her deeply:the once lush hillsides had been stripped bare,their forests(2) for fuel and farmland.Rivers that had flowed for centuries were diying up,and the soil was being carried away by the wind. Maathai's plan was simple but (3):she would plant trees.Not just a few trees,but millions of them.She began by organizing groups of women to collect seeds and raise seedlings in their own yards. (4) many people laughed at her idea."What can a woman do against such vast destruction?" they asked.But Maathai was not discouraged.She understood something that others had forgotten-that the fate of the land and the fate of the people are(5)connected. The Green Belt Movement,as her project came to be known,started with a single tree planted in her backyard.From there,it (6) like the roots of the trees themselves.Women across Kenya began planting trees along roadsides,on hillsides,and in schoolyards.They discovered that trees(7) more than just shade-they provided fruits for food,branches for fuel,and leaves for animal feed.Most importantly,they restored the water cycle that had been broken. As the movement grew,it (8) political opposition.Powerful interests who benefited from deforestation tied to stop her.Land was seized,activists were threatened,and Maathai herself was imprisoned.But each attack only strengthened her(9) She argued that environmental destruction was not just an ecological issue but a matter of justice-those who (10) the least from the land's resources often suffered the most from its degradation. The impact of the Green Belt Movement has been(11) Over 50 million trees have been planted across Kenya.Deforested areas have begun to recover,and wildlife has retumed to regions where it had disappeared.Women who once struggled to find firewood now have (12) sources of fuel.But perhaps the most significant change has been in people's(13) Communities that once saw nature as a resource to be consumed now view themselves as its(14) Maathai's work earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004,the first Afican woman to receive this(15) In her acceptance speech,she spoke of the "little actions"that can change the world."When we plant trees,"she said,"we plant the seeds of peace and hope." 1.A.gradually B.dramatically C.temporarily D.accidentally 2.A.preserved B.destroyed C.protected D.abandoned 3.A.ambitious B.ridiculous C.conservative D.practical 4.A.Initially B.Consequently C.Fortunately D.Eventually 5.A.loosely B.rarely C.deeply D.occasionally 6.A.disappeared B.spread C.weakened D.paused 7.A.required B.provided C.prevented D.consumed 8.A.faced B.avoided C.ignored D.welcomed 9.A.suspicion B.determination C.confusion D.hesitation 10.A.benefited B.suffered C.learned D.differed 11.A.limited B.uncertain C.remarkable D.predictable 12.A.limited B.expensive C.reliable D.artificial 13.A.lifestyle B.mindset C.income D.health 14.A.owners B.destroyers C.consumers D.guardians 15.A.award B.treatment C.position D.status 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. When we think of plastic pollution,images of floating garbage patches in the ocean or plastic bags caught in tree branches often come to mind.However,a growing body ofresearch reveals a more insidious form of plastic contamination that is hidden beneath our feet-microplastics in the soil. Microplastics,defined as plastic fragments smaller than five millimeters,have infiltrated agricultural soils across the globe at alarming rates.Scientists estimate that the amount of microplastics in terrestrial environments may be four to twenty-three times greater than that in the oceans.This finding is particularly concemning because soil forms the foundation of our food system. The primary source of soil microplastics is sewage sludge,which is commonly used as fertilizer in agriculture.When we wash synthetic clothing,tiny plastic fibers are released and eventually end up in wastewater treatment plants.These facilities are not designed to capture such small particles,so the plastics accumulate in the sludge,which is then spread onto farmland.Additionally,plastic mulching films used to retain soil moisture and control weeds degrade over time,breaking down into smaller particles that become incorporated into the soil. The consequences for soil health are potentially severe.Microplastics can alter soil structure,reducing its ability to hold water and nutrients.They can also disrupt the activity ofearthworms and other soil organisms that are essential for maintaining healthy soil.Larger plastic particles can create pathways for water to flow too quickly through the soil,canying away nutrients.Even more conceming is the ability of microplastics to absorb and transport toxic chemicals,potentially introducing harmful substances into the food chain Recent studies have detected microplastics in a wide range of food products,including honey,sugar,beer, and even tap water.While the health implications of ingesting microplastics are not yet fully understood, early research suggests potential risks,including inflammation,oxidative stress,and the transfer of chemical additives to human tissues. Addressing this issue requires action at multiple levels.Individual consumers can reduce their contribution by choosing natural fibers over synthetics and minimizing the use of plastic in daily life.On a larger scale, wastewater treatment technologies need to be upgraded to capture microplastic particles.Agricultural practices must evolve to reduce reliance on plastic mulches and sewage sludge.Policy makers are beginning to take notice,with the European Union recently proposing limits on microplastic pollution as part of its broader environmental strategy. Perhaps the most challenging aspect of this problem is its invisibility.Unlike the plastic bottles floating on ocean surfaces,microplastics in soil cannot be seen or cleaned up easily.Once they enter the soil,they persist for centuries,slowly accumulating and potentially affecting ecosystems in ways we are only beginning to understand.The plastic beneath our feet may tumn out to be one of the most lasting legacies of our disposable culture. 1.According to the passage,what makes microplastic pollution in soil particularly different from visible plastic pollution? 2.What are the two main sources of microplastics in agricultural soil mentioned in the passage? 3.How do microplastics affect the ability of soil to support plant growth? 4.Why are the health risks of ingesting microplastics considered"not yet fully understood'? 5.What makes the problem of soil microplastics particularly difficult to solve? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In our modemn world,silence has become a rare commodity.We are constantly surrounded by traffic noise,electronic(1) buzzing,and the endless chatter of social media.Yet,recent research suggests that(2) to natural silence-the quiet of a forest,the stillness of a desert,or the hush of snow fall-may be essential for our mental and physical(3) A(4) study published in the joumnal Heart found that just two minutes of silence during a music listening experiment(5) greater relaxation effects than listening to any type of music.The participants'blood pressure dropped and heart rates slowed more during the silent(6) than during the musical pieces. Natural silence,as (7) from the artificial quiet of a soundproofroom,canies a particular quality that seems to benefit the human brain.When we immerse ourselves in natural(8) -birdsong, wind through leaves,water flowing over stones-our brains enter a state of'soft alertness."This is (9) from the alertness required in urban environments,which is often (10) with stress and anxiety. The benefits extend beyond immediate(11) Research from the University of Michigan showed that participants who walked in a natural setting performed better on attention tests than those who walked in an urban environment.The natural environment allowed the brain's directed attention system to rest and (12) improving cognitive performance. However,natural silence is becoming increasingly(13) Noise pollution from highways, airports,and industrial activities(14) into previously quiet areas.National parks,once sanctuaries of silence,now report noise levels that (15) with urban environments during peak seasons.Protecting natural quiet has become a conservation priority,with some parks establishing quiet zones"where visitors are asked to minimize noise. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 五、写作 你校英语报正在举办以&ldquo,The Nature Around Me'为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投 稿，内容包括： 1.描述你身边的一处自然景观或自然现象： 2.说明它对你的影响或意义： 3.呼吁大家珍惜和保护身边的自然。 要求： 1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 3.题目已给出，不计入总词数。 The Nature Around Me 参考答案 一、阅读理解Passage A:1.B2.B3.B4.C5.C Passage B:1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.Ci6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.A;11.C12.C;13.B;14. 二、 完形填空 D;15.A 1.Microplastic pollution in soil is hidden and cannot be seen easily,unlike visible plastic pollution that can be seen floating on ocean surfaces or caught in tree branches. 2.The two main sources are sewage sludge used as fertilizer and plastic mulching films that degrade over time. 3.Microplastics reduce soil's ability to hold water and nutrients,disrupt soil organisms 三、阅读短文 like earthworms,and create pathways for water to flow too quickly,carying away 回答问题 nutrients. 4.Because the long-term effects of ingesting microplastics are still being studied,and only early research suggests potential risks such as inflammation and oxidative stress. 5.Because microplastics in soil are invisible,cannot be easily cleaned up,and persist in the environment for centuries once they enter the soil. 1.equipment 2.exposure 3.well-being 4.groundbreaking 5.produced 6.intervals 7. 四、 短文填空distinguished8.sounds9.different 10.associated 11.relaxation 12.renew 13.threatened 14.is spreading 15.compete 五、写作 范文： The Nature Around Me Behind my apartment building lies a small patch of woodland that has become my sanctuary.Every morning,I walk through the narrow path lined with ancient oak trees,their branches forming a natural canopy that filters the golden sunlight.The air smells of damp earth and wild mint,and I can hear the gentle rustling ofleaves and the cheerful songs of hidden birds. This small woodland has taught me to slow down.In the rush of exams and homework,it reminds me that life moves at its own pace-the trees grow slowly,the seasons change unhuriedly,and the stream flows steadily.It has become my place of peace,where I can clear my mind and find perspective. But this precious piece of nature is fragile.I have seen trash left behind by careless visitors and trees damaged by thoughtless acts.We must cherish these natural spaces before they disappear.Every small action counts-picking up litter,planting a tree,or simply respecting the silence of the forest.Let us protect the nature around us,for it nurtures not only our environment but also our souls.