Unit 4 Sports（A部分）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（沪外版）

Unit 4 Sports 教材全解(A部分) ⊙单元核心词汇 barely neighbourhood guy shoot severe challenging ultimate tough competitor million 。单元同步语法 -ingl/-ed形铽作状语 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.barely/'beli/adv.几乎没有；仅仅；仅够 词形变化：bare(adj)赤裸的；空的；仅有的 搭配：barely enough勉强够；barely notice几乎没注意到 辨析：hardly(强调否定，常与any/ever连用)；barely(强调“仅仅，刚好”，侧重数 量或程度的最低限度) 例句：He could barely walk after the long run 2.crush /krAf/v.破坏，毁坏（信心或幸福）；压坏；挤压变形 词形变化：crushing(adj)压倒的；使人沮丧的 搭配：crush one's dream打破某人的梦想；crush sb's spirit挫败某人的精神 辨析：crush vs.smash(smash强调打碎成碎片，cush强调压扁或毁坏) 例句：The failure didn't crush his determination to succeed, 3 hustle/'hAsl/v.强行；强迫；推搡；猛推 词形变化：hustler(n.)骗子；精力充沛的人 搭配：hustle sb into doing sth催促/强迫某人做某事；hustle and bustle喧嚣繁忙 辨析：hustle vs..push(hustle常含匆忙、粗暴意味，push较中性) 例句：The guard hustled the fans away from the court,. 4.severe/sI'vIa(r)/adj.严厉的；苛刻的；极为恶劣的；十分严重的 词形变化：severely(adv.)严重地；严厉地；severity(m.)严重性；严厉 搭配：severe punishment严厉惩罚；severe weather恶劣天气；be severe on/with sb 对某人严厉 例句：The coach was severe with the players who were late. 5.critic/krtik/n.评论家；批评家；抨击者 词形变化：critical(adj,)批评的；关键的；criticism(n.)批评；批判 搭配：art critic艺术评论家；a harsh critic严厉的批评者 辨析：critic vs.critique(critique作名词为“评论文章”，作动词为“评论”；critic指 人) 例句：The film received mixed reviews from critics. 6.aly/elar/n.支持者；盟友 词形变化：alliance(n.)联盟；结盟；ally oneself with与…结盟 搭配：political ally政治盟友；find an ally in sb在某人那里找到支持 辨析：ally vs.partner(pariner侧重合作关系，ally侧重共同面对敌人或困难) 例句：In the debate,she found an unexpected ally in her opponent 7.challenging/tfaelmnd3n/adj.挑战性的；考验能力的 词形变化：challenge(w.m)挑战；质疑；challenger(n.)挑战者 搭配：challenging task艰巨任务；challenging environment充满挑战的环境 用法：It is challenging for sb to do sth 例句：The math problem was so challenging that few solved it. 8.ultimate/'Altrmet/adj.最重要的；最好的/最坏的；最终的；终极的 词形变化：ultimately(adv.)最终；根本上 搭配：ultimate goal终极目标；ultimate responsibility最终责任 辨析：final,.eventual(ultimate更强调“根本的，极致的”) 例句：Winning the championship was his ultimate dream 9.tough /tAf/adj.艰苦的；艰难的；坚强的；健壮的；能吃苦耐劳的 词形变化：toughness(n.)坚韧；艰苦 搭配：tough competition激烈的竞争；tough guy硬汉；tough decision艰难的决定 辨析：tough vs.rough(ough可指表面粗糙或粗暴；tough强调“难对付、坚韧”) 例句：It's a tough job,but he is tough enough to handle it.. l0.competitor/kam'petta(r)/n.竞争者；比赛者；对手 词形变化：compete(v)竞争；competition(m.)比赛；竞争；competitive(adj,)有竞争 力的 搭配：fierce competitor强劲的对手；competitor in the market市场竞争者 辨析：competitor vs.opponent(opponent侧重直接反对的人；competitor侧重比赛或 商业竞争) 例句：She is a tough competitor who never gives up. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He was so tired that he could (bare)keep his eyes open. 2.The news (crush)her hopes of becoming a professional dancer. 3.The police (hustle)the suspect into the car before the crowd gathered. 4.The coach is known for being (severe)with players who break rules 5.Many (critic)praised the novel for its realistic description of war. 6.In the election,the senator gained a powerful (ally)from the neighboring state. 7.It is (challenge)for beginners to master the skills of rock climbing. 8.The (ultimate)decision on the project rests with the board of directors. 9.Despite the (tough)conditions,the team managed to finish the race. 10.In the global market,local companies must face fierce (compete)from international giants. In order to become a top athlete,one must face many 1. (challenge).The training is 2. (tough)and can 3. (severe)test one's willpower.Some 4. (critic)argue that too much pressure 5. (crush)young talents in sports.However,having a strong 6. (ally)such as a supportive coach can make a difference.A good coach will never 7. (hustle)you into doing something beyond your ability,but will push you to reach your 8. (ultimate)potential.Remember, you are not only a 9. (compete)against others;you are also your own greatest enemy.If you can 10. (bare)overcome your own weaknesses,victory will follow. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.barely;2.crushed;3.hustled;4.severe;5.cnitics;6.ally;7.challenging; 8.ultimate;9.tough;10.competitors (二)短文填空 1.challenges;2.tough;3.severely;4.critics;5.crushes;6.ally;7.hustle; 8.ultimate;9.competitor;10.barely A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 ing/-ed形式作状语 ing/-ed形式作状语 项目 内容 定义 分词(-ing现在分词/-ed过去分词)短语在句中充当状语，表示时 间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、结果或方式等，相当于一个状语从句。 现在分词(-ing)→表主动/进行 主语与分词动作之间是主动关系。 例：Hearing the news,she burst into tears.(听到消息，她哭了起来。= When she heard...) 核心结构 过去分词(-ed)→表被动/完成 主语与分词动作之间是被动关系。 例：Given more time,we could finish it better.(如果给更多时间，我们能 做得更好。=If we were given.…) 常见功能 ★时间状语 Seeing the teacher,the students stood up.(看到老师，学生们站了起 来。) Asked about his family,he kept silent..(被问及家庭时，他保持沉默。) ★原因状语 Being tired,he went to bed early.(因为累了，他早早上床。) Confused by the question,the boy looked at his mother.(被问题弄糊涂 了，男孩看着妈妈。) ★条件状语 Working hard,you will succeed.(努力工作，你会成功的。) Heated,water turns into steam.(加热后，水变成蒸汽。) ★让步状语 Knowing the truth,he still said nothing.(尽管知道真相，他仍然什么也没 说。) Defeated many times,they didn't give up.(尽管多次被击败，他们没有放 弃。) ★伴随状语 She sat there,reading a book.（她坐在那里读着一本书。) The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of students. 走进教室，身后跟着一群学生。) ★结果状语（常位于句末） The fire lasted a whole night,,causing great damage.(大火持续一整夜，造 成了巨大损失。) The glass fell to the floor,broken into pieces.(玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成了 碎片。) 1. 分词逻辑主语=句子主语。 2. 若分词动作先于谓语动词发生，用having+-ed(主动)/having been+-ed（被动)。 例：laving finished his work,he went home.(完成工作后，他▣家 了。) 注意事项 例：Having been told twice,he still didn't understand.(被告知两次后，他 仍然不明白。) 3. 若主语与分词动作是被动关系且表示一般动作，用-ed或being+ ed。 (Being)surrounded by mountains,the village is very quiet. 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) from the top of the hill,the city looks magnificent. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 2 the exam,the boy was punished by his father. A.Failed B.Failing C.Having failed D.To fail 3.The girl walked into the room, a song. A.sang B.singing C.sung D.to sing 4. by his teacher,Tom decided to study harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.To encourage D.Encourage 5. in the heavy rain,he was late for work. A.Caught B.Catching C.To catch D.Catch 6. the experiment is not difficult. A.Setting up B.Set up C.To set up D.Having set up 7.The old man sat under the tree, to the radio. A.listened B.to listen C.listening D.being listened 8 from the moon,the earth appears like a blue ball. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给动词的适当形式填空(-ing/-ed/having+-ed/having been+-ed) ice changes into water. y in the street,I met an old friend. 3. her address,I couldn't write to her. 4.The man, in the accident,was sent to hospital at once. 5 of the danger,they still went ahead. 6. his homework,he went out to play basketball. 7. by the snake,he was taken to see a doctor. 8.She stood there, for the bus. 9. more time,we could have done it better. 10.The child fell off the bike, his arm. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.C,8.B 语法专练二：语法填空 1.Heated;2.Walking;3.Not knowing;4.injured; 5.Warned;6.Having finished;7.Bitten;8.waiting; 9.Given;10.breaking 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Open Love Letter to Basketball 1.The letter,which is addressed to the game of basketball,expresses the deep love that the author has for a sport that has shaped his life in countless ways. 结构：先行词+，+which+从句+，+主句剩余部分 中文：这封信是写给篮球这项运动的，表达了作者深深的爱。 用法：非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，去掉后主句意思仍然完整；wch不能 换成that,也不能省略；功能是对先行词进行补充说明。 注意：限制性定语从句（无逗号）和非限制性定语从句（有逗号）的区别。 2.Playing basketball every day,the author has learned the importance of teamwork and discipline. 结构：V-ing+宾语/状语，主句 中文：每天打篮球，他学会了团队合作的重要性。 用法：现在分词短语作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随；逻辑主语必须与主句主 语一致；相当于一个状语从句。 注意：现在分词短语作状语时，主句主语必须是其逻辑主语。 3.the feeling that comes from scoring a game-winning basket,a moment when all the hard work and practice finally pays off 结构：先行词+that/when定语从句，+同位语（名词短语)+定语从句 中文：决定胜负的一球得分的那一刻，所有的努力都得到了回报。 用法：that在从句中作主语时不能省略；when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词； 同位语对前面概念进行补充说明。 4.The letter,written in a heartfelt and honest tone,reminds us that sports are more than jus games. 结构：名词+，+过去分词短语+，+谓语 中文：那封信是用真诚而坦率的语气写的，提醒我们体育不仅仅是比赛。 用法：过去分词(written)表示被动和完成；相当于一个定语从句；过去分词作定语 常放在名词后，短语则用逗号隔开。 5.the sport has given him far more than just victories and trophies,it has given him a sense of purpose that guides him every day. 结构：分句1，分句2（含定语从句) 中文：这项运动给了他远不止胜利和奖杯；它给了他每天指引他的目标感。 用法：分号相当于并列连词，连接两个完整的句子；定语从句that guides him every day修饰先行词a sense of purpose,that在从句中作主语，不可省略。 6.Although he has suffered many injuries and setbacks,the writer says that basketball has given him strength and resilience. 结构：A1 though+从句，主句 中文：尽管他遭受了许多伤病和挫折，但他从未放弃。 用法：although不能与but连用；语气比though稍正式，常放在句首。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子 1.The letter, (write)in a touching tone,moved many readers. 2. (play)basketball every day,he became stronger 3.This is the feeling (come)from hard work. 4.The moment (when)he scored,the crowd cheered. 5.Although he (suffer)many injuries,he never quit. 6.The qualities (which)he carries with him are valuable (判断是否可省，填“可省”或“不可省”) 7.He has learned lessons (help)him succeed. 8.The sport has given him far more than just victories; (it)has given him purpose..(填一个合适的词) 9. (look)back on his journey,he felt grateful. 10.I will never forget the day I joined the team.(用关 系副词填空) 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.这封信是写给篮球这项运动的，表达了作者深深的爱。 2.尽管他遭受了许多伤病和挫折，但他从未放弃。 3. 每天打篮球，他学会了团队合作的重要性。 4.那封信是用真诚而坦率的语气写的，提醒我们体育不仅仅是比赛。 5.回望他打篮球的历程，作者意识到这项运动给了他一种目标感。 6.这些品质他将一生携带。 7.决定胜负的一球得分的那一刻，所有的努力都得到了回报。 8.它们是我们与他人联系并在生活中找到意义的一种方式。 9.他不仅在球场上，而且在球场外都成功了。 10.分号可以用来连接两个并列的句子。 参考答案 1.written 2.Playing 3.that comes 4.when 5.has suffered 6 练习一：完成句子 可省；7.that help;8.it;9.Looking;l0.when 练习二：翻译句子 1.The letter,which is addressed to the game of basketball, expresses the author's deep love.2.Although he has suffered many injuries and setbacks,he never gave up.;3.Playing basketball every day,he learned the importance of teamwork. 4.The letter,written in a heartfelt and honest tone,reminds us that sports are more than just games.5.Looking back on his journey with basketball,the author realizes that the sport has given him a sense of purpose.6.These are qualities which he will carry with him for the rest of his life.7.At the moment when a game- winning basket is scored,all the hard work pays off.;8.They are a way that we can connect with others and find meaning in our lives.9.He succeeded both on and off the court.10.A semicolon can be used to connect two parallel sentences 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage 1 The roar of the crowd was a distant hum in his ears.For David,the 100-meter final wasn't just a race;it was the culmination of three years of punishing training,a period marked by barely any social life and countless moments of self-doubt.His coach,a severe critic of any technical flaw,had drilled him relentlessly.They had been allies in a battle against the clock,and today was the ultimate test. As the starter's gun fired,David exploded from the blocks.For the first 70 meters,he was in perfect sync, his stride fluid and powerful.But then,a sharp,searing pain shot through his hamstring.It was a feeling he knew all too well-a recurrence of an old injury that had crushed his dreams in the past.The world seemed to slow down.He could feel the other competitors surging past him. The part of his mind that wanted to stop was loud.It whispered that the pain was too much,that it was better to give up than to risk further injury.But a stronger voice,the one forged by countless tough runs and severe training sessions,told him to push through.He wasn't just a competitor against the other runners,he was a competitor against his own limits. Instead of slowing down,he adjusted his stride,slightly shortening it to reduce the strain on the muscle. He began to hustle,his upper body working harder to maintain his speed.The finish line was a blur of white line and desperate hope.He crossed it,collapsing into the lane.He didn't win.He finished seventh But as he lay on the track,his body aching,he felt a profound sense of victory.The failure hadn't crushed his spirit,it had refined it.He had faced a challenging moment and had not quit.For an athlete,that, ultimately,was the real win. ()1.What can be inferred about David's relationship with his coach? A.The coach was a severe critic who often discouraged David. B.They worked together as allies towards a common goal. C.The coach was overly harsh and David disliked him D.They were competitors who challenged each other. ()2.The phrase "the real win"at the end of the passage refers to David's ability to A.overcome his physical pain and finish the race B.prove himself better than the other competitors C.achieve his ultimate goal of winning the race D.find an ally in his old injury ()3.How did David react to the pain in his hamstring? A.He immediately gave up and stopped running. B.He ignored the pain and ran at full speed. C.He adapted his running technique and kept going D.He let the pain crush his determination to succeed. ()4.Which of the following best describes the main theme of the story? A.The importance of having a severe coach. B.The challenge of dealing with physical injury. C.Real victory lies in not giving up despite setbacks. D.Winning a competition is the ultimate goal for an athlete. Passage 2 For decades,the role of a sports critic was fairly straightforward:watch the game,analyze the performance,and offer an opinion.However,the digital age has dramatically reshaped this landscape. Today,anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection can become a "critic,"sharing their instant, often harsh,judgments on social media.This has created a challenging environment for professional athletes,who are now subject to a constant,public,and often severe evaluation. The impact of this shift is significant.While constructive criticism from a professional can help an athlete improve,the relentless nature of online critique can crush an athlete's confidence.A single tough game can lead to thousands ofnegative comments,creating a severe mental pressure that is difficult to handle. For young athletes just starting their careers,this can be particularly damaging.They may begin to doubt their abilities,their training,and their place in the sport. The relationship between an athlete and a professional critic has also changed.In the past,critics were often seen as knowledgeable allies who provided valuable feedback.Now,athletes may view them with suspicion,as just another voice in a sea of noise.This has led to a more adversarial dynamic,where feedback,even if well-intentioned,can be perceived as a personal attack. Some sports organizations are now stepping in to help.They are teaching athletes how to manage their social media presence and how to separate valuable critique from mere negativity.The ultimate goal is not to shield athletes from all criticism,but to equip them with the mental toughness to handle the severe scrutiny of the modemn sports world.In this challenging environment,finding a true ally who offers honest,professional feedback is more valuable than ever. ()1.What is the main change described in the role of sports critics? A.Professional critics are becoming more severe. B.Anyone can now be a critic due to the digital age. C.Critics are no longer considered valuable allies. D.Athletes are less affected by criticism than before ()2.What does the author suggest is a major negative effect of online criticism? A.It provides helpful feedback for improvement B.It can severely damage an athlete's self-belief. C.It creates a stronger bond between athletes and fans. D.It encourages young athletes to work harder. ()3.How is the relationship between athletes and professional critics described? A.More cooperative and trusting than in the past B.More suspicious and adversarial. C.It has remained unchanged over time. D.Athletes are now the critics of the professionals ()4.According to the passage,what is the"ultimate goal"of sports organizations? A.To protect athletes from all forms of public cniticism B.To help athletes develop the mental strength to deal with criticism C.To find and punish those who post negative comments online. D.To eliminate the role of the professional sports critic. 二、完形填空 When I first joined the school track team,I was a raw talent.I was fast,but I had no discipline.My coach, a strict man named Mr.Thompson,was a severe of poor form.He was always me to push harder,run faster,and never accept second best.At first,I felt he was just a harsh critic,trying to my spirit. Our first major competition was a disaster.I was winning my race,but I forgot to pace myself. I bumned out in the last 50 meters and finished last.I felt the weight of my failure my confidence.I was ready to quit. "That failure didn't have to crush your dream,"Mr.Thompson said,his voice surprisingly gentle."It was a tough lesson,but a valuable one.In this sport,you need allies.The most important ally you can find is your own determination." those words,I began to see things differently.He wasn't my enemy,he was my greatest He taught me that a true competitor doesn't just compete against others,but against his own weaknesses.He made for me to train harder,and he never let me take the easy path. The training was It was more challenging than anything I had ever done.But with each tough session,I grew stronger,not just physically,but mentally.I learned to hustle through the pain and to my own limits.The ultimate lesson I leamned from Mr.Thompson wasn't about winning a trophy,it was about the journey of becoming a better version of myself. 1.A.fan B.critic C.ally D.winner 2.A.crushing B.hushing C.hustling D.hurting 3.A.build B.fix C.break D.raise 4.A.barely B.completely C.severely D.ultimately 5.A.fighting B.crushing C.supporting D.challenging 6.A.Hearing B.To hear C.Heard D.Having heard 7.A.critic B.competitor C.ally D.enemy 8.A.a way B.an effort C.it possible D.sure 9.A.easy B.challenging C.fun D.short 10.A.push B.destroy C.avoid D.forget 11.A.tough B.easy C.final D.ultimate 三、阅读短文回答问题 The concept of "sportsmanship"has evolved over centuries.In ancient Greece,the original Olympic Games were as much a religious festival as a sporting event.Athletes competed not just for victory,but to honor the gods.The ideal was a"beautiful and good"person,one who excelled physically and morally.A victory achieved through cheating or unsportsmanlike behavior was considered hollow and brought shame,not glory. The modern Olympic movement,revived in the late 19th century by Pierre de Coubertin,sought to capture this spirit.His vision was to promote intemnational understanding and peace through sport.The ultimate goal was not simply to win,but to participate with honor and respect for one's competitors. Athletes were seen as allies in a shared human endeavor,pushing each other to achieve greatness. However,the modern sports landscape is increasingly professional and commercialized.The pressure to win can be severe,often challenging the very core of sportsmanship.Stories of athletes using performance-enhancing drugs or engaging in blatant fouls to gain an edge are common.Critics argue that the commercial value of a victory has crushed the original ideal of"fair play."The focus has shifted from the joumey to the result,from the competitor who strives to the one who simply succeeds. Yet,examples of true sportsmanship still exist.We see them when a runner stops to help a fallen opponent,or when a player confesses to a foul that the referee missed.These moments remind us that the spirit of sport is not dead.It is a tough ideal to live up to,but it remains an important one.For many athletes,the ultimate achievement is not a gold medal,but the respect of their peers,eamned through a lifetime ofhonest competition.It is a lesson that goes far beyond the field of play. 1.What was the original ideal of an athlete in ancient Greece? 2.What was Pierre de Coubertin's vision for the modern Olympic movement? 3.What,according to critics,has crushed the original ideal of"fair play"? 4.Give one example of true sportsmanship mentioned in the passage. 5.For many athletes,what is the ultimate achievement according to the passage? 四、短文填空（词汇运用） 根据上下文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。每个单词仅使用一次。 barely,crush,hustle,severe,critic,ally,challenging,ultimate,tough,competitor The path to becoming a professional athlete is.The training alone is and can the body to its limits.Many young hopefuls are by the pressure and give up on their dreams.A good coach is more than just a teacher;he or she is a valuable in this journey.A coach must sometimes be a of poor technique,offering honest,and occasionally feedback.This is not intended to a player's spirit,but to help them improve.The goal is not just to win,but to grow into a strong who can handle the tough moments both on and off the field.There will be days when you can keep going,but it's in those moments that true character is built.Do not let self-doubt your dreams. 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12 五、写作 Sports play an important role in shaping our character.Some people believe that the primary purpose of sports is to teach us how to win,while others argue that the true value lies in leamning how to lose and persevere. Write an essay of about 150 words expressing your opinion on this topic.Use specific reasons and examples to support your argument. 参考答案 Passage 1:1.B 2.A3.C4.C 阅读理解 Passage 2:5.B6.B 7.B8.B 二、 完形填空1.B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B10.A11.D 1.To be a"beautiful and good"person,excelling physically and morally. 2.To promote international understanding and peace through sport. 三、阅读短文 回答问题 3.The commercial value of victory. 4.A runner stopping to help a fallen opponent./A player confessing to a missed foul 5.The respect of their peers earned through honest competition 四、短文填空1.challenging2.tough3.push4.crushed5.ally6.critic7.severe8.cush9.ultimate (词汇运用)10.competitor11.barely12.hustle 五、写作 范文（约150词） While learning to win is a natural part of sports,I fimmly believe the true value of athletics lies in leaming how to handle defeat and persevere. Victory is often a result of talent and many factors outside our control.Losing,however,teaches us lessons of humility,resilience,and self-reflection.It is in a tough loss that a true competitor is forged.For example,when a team loses a crucial match,they have a choice:let the failure crush their spirit,or analyze their mistakes and work harder.This process of leaming from setbacks builds a "tough"character that is useful far beyond the sports field.It teaches us that the ultimate goal is not to be undefeated,but to never give up on self-improvement. Therefore,sports are not just about trophies.Their real power is in showing us that the most challenging opponent is ourselves,and the greatest victory is the one we achieve over our own limitations.