Unit 4 Achievements（二）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（沪教版）

Unit 4 Achievements 教材全解（二） dramatically curious shortage grain decade self- 。单元核心词汇 sufficient medal outstanding institute education request atmosphere lack clue 。单元同步语法 同根名词与形容词 ⊙单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.dramatically/dre'naetrkli/adv.巨大地；显著地；戏剧性地 词形变化：dramatic(adj.)巨大的；戏剧性的；drama(.)戏剧 辨析：dramatically强调变化幅度大、引人注目；与greatly,significantly近义，但 更强调“突然而显著”。 搭配：change dramatically巨大变化；increase dramatically急剧增加 The population of the city has grown dramatically over the past decade. Thanks to new technology,our lives have improved dramatically. 2.curious/'kjU9is/adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 词形变化：curiosity(m.)好奇心；curiously(adv.)好奇地 辨析：curious指对事物感兴趣、想了解；而interested更泛指有兴趣，curious 更 强调求知的渴望。 搭配：be curious about对…好奇；curious to do sth.很想做某事 Children are naturally curious about everything around them. I'm curious to know how he solved the problem. 3.sho1 rtage/'∫btd3/n.不足；缺少；短缺 词形变化：shot(adj.)短的；不足的；shorten(v.）缩短 辨析：shortage指数量上的不足；lack既可作名词也可作动词，泛指缺乏，语气更 强；deficiency指缺陷或缺乏某种成分。 搭配：a shortage of…的短缺；water//food shortage水/食物短缺 There is a serious shortage of clean water in some areas. The city is facing a shortage of skilled workers. 4.self-sufficient/,self sa'fifnt/adj.自给自足的；自立的 词形变化：self-sufficiency(n.)自给自足；sufficient(adj.)足够的 辨析：self-sufficient强调不依赖外界；independent更强调独立自主，范围更广。 搭配：be self--sufficient in在…方面自给自足；become self-sufficient变得自给自 足 The country is now self-sufficient in food production. After years of effort,the village became self-sufficient in energy 5.outstanding/at'stand/adj.杰出的；优秀的；未解决的 词形变化：outstandingly(adv.)杰出地；stand out脱颖而出 辨析：outstanding强调突出、优秀；excellent泛指极好；remarkable指值得注意 的。 搭配：outstanding achievement杰出成就；outstanding student优秀学生 She received an award for her outstanding contribution to science. He is one of the most outstanding athletes in the world. 6.request/r'kwest//n.(正式/礼貌的)要求；请求v.请求；要求 词形变化：request(v.n.)无常见变形；但可记忆requester(n.)请求者 辨析：request比ask更正式；demand语气更强，带有命令意味；require强调需 要。 搭配：make a request提出请求；atsb.'s request应某人的要求；request that. (虚拟语气)请求… The teacher made a request that all students be on time. You may request a free copy of the report. 7.lack /lak/n.缺乏；匮乏v.缺少 词形变化：lacking(adj.)缺少的 辨析：lack作名词常与of连用；shortage强调数量不足；absence强调完全不存 在。 搭配：lack of…的缺乏；for lack of因缺乏；lack confidence缺乏自信 The project failed due to a lack of funding. He lacks experience in dealing with such situations. 8.failure/'ferlja(r)/n.失败的人/事物；失败 词形变化：fail(w.)失败；failing(n./adj.)缺点/失败的 辨析：failure指失败的结果或状态；defeat指被击败；mistake指错误。 搭配：end in failure以失败告终；failure to do sth.未能做某事；a complete failure 彻底失败 Failure is the mother of success. His failure to keep his promise disappointed his friends. 9.1 ealistic/i:a'lIstrk/adj.现实的；实事求是的 词形变化：realist(n.)现实主义者；realism(n.)现实主义；1 ealistically(adv.)现 实地 辨析：realistic强调符合实际；practical注重实用；Ieal是真的，不是假的。 搭配：realistic goal现实目标；be realistic about对…现实；realistic view现实观 点 You need to set a realistic goal for yourself. It is not realistic to expect everyone to agree. l0.professional/pre'fefanl/adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人士 词形变化：profession(n.)职业；professor(n.)教授；professionally(adv.)专业 地 辨析：professional强调以…为职业或具备专业素养；expert指专家；skillful强 调技能熟练。 搭配：professional athlete职业运动员；professional knowledge专业知识；become a professional成为专业人士 He decided to become a professional basketball player. A professional attitude is essential for success. ll.permanently/'p3:menentli/adv.永久地；永恒地 词形变化：permanent(adj.)永久的；permanence(n.)永久性 辨析：permanently强调状态持续不变；forever更常用于口语；constantly强调持 续不断。 搭配：close permanently永久关闭；damage permanently永久损坏；settle permanently永久定居 The factory was permanently closed due to pollution. Some species have been permanently lost from the earth. 12.setback/'setbak/n.挫折；阻碍 词形变化：set back(v.短语)使受挫；推迟 辨析：setback指进展中的障碍或暂时的失败；failure指最终失败；obstacle指障碍 物。 搭配：suffer a setback遭受挫折；a major setback重大挫折；overcome setbacks克 服挫折 Despite many setbacks,she never gave up. The project suffered a serious setback due to bad weather. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.The number of tourists has increased (dramatic)over the past five years. 2.The little girl is (curiosity)about how the machine works. 3.There is a serious (short)of drinking water in this area. 4.The country is now fully (self-sufficient)in food supply. (outstanding)results require hard work and dedication 6.He made a (request)that the meeting be postponed. 7.The rescue failed due to a (lack)of proper equipment 8.His (fail)in the exam made him realize the importance of hard work. 9.You need to be (realism)about your future plans. 10.A (profession)athlete must train every day. 11.The bridge was (permanent)damaged by the flood. 12.Despite this (setback),the team continued to work hard. 13.She looked at me (curious),trying to understand my words. 14.Many students (lack)confidence when speaking in public. 15.He is one of the most (outstanding)scientists of his generation. (二)短文填空 Life is full of challenges.Sometimes we face 1. that make us feel disappointed. However,it is important to stay 2. and keep a positive attitude.Many successful people have experienced 3. before achieving their goals.For example,a 4. athlete often trains for years and may suffer injuries,but they never give up. They know that success does not come easily.We should be 5. about the world and always try to learn.6. of knowledge can be overcome by reading and asking questions.Sometimes we might 7. the skills we need,but practice can help us improve.A 8. for help is never a sign of weakness.With effort,we can change our lives 9. Remember,no difficulty will last 10. Every setback is a chance to grow. 参考答案 1.dramatically;2.curious;3.shortage;4.self-sufficient;5.Outstanding; (一)单句填空 6.request;7.lack;8.failure;9.realistic;10.professional;11.permanently; 12.setback;13.curiously;14.lack;15.outstanding (二)短文填空 1.setbacks;2.realistic;3.failure;4.professional;5.curious;6.Shortage;7.lack; 8.request;9.dramatically;10.permanently 教材同步语法全解全练 重点 同根名词与形容词 同根名词与形容词 项目 内容 同根名词与形容词是指拥有相同词根、通过添加或改变后缀而形成的词 定义 类。名词表示人、事物或概念，形容词则用来修饰名词，说明其性质或特 征。 名词→形容词-ful:care→careful,beauty→beautiful -less:care→careless,hope→nopeless -y:luck→lucky,noise→noisy -ous:danger→dangerous,fame→famous -al:nature→natural,nation→national -able/-ible comfort->comfortable,possibility->possible ness:happy→happiness,kind→kindness -ityl-ty:active→activity,safe→safety 形容词→名词 ence/-ance important->importance,different->difference -ment achieve-achievement,improve->improvement 形容词多作定语（放在名词前）或表语（放在be动词后)。例：This is a successful project..(定语)The project is successful..(表语) 核心用法 名词作主语、宾语或表语。例：Success comes from hard work.(主语) We achieved great success..(宾语) success/successful successfully beauty /beautiful difference/different importance/important difficulty difficult danger /dangerous care careful careless 高频同根词对 friend/friendly luck /lucky noise /noisy comfort/comfortable nature /natural activity /active safety /safe 考点通关 同根名词与形容词 语法专练一： 单项选择(8题) 从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 1.The earthquake caused great to the city,and many buildings fell down. A.dangerous B.danger C.dangerously 2.It is for teenagers to develop good study habits early. A.importance B.important C.importantly 3.She looked at the baby and smiled with A.beautiful;beautiful B.beauty;beauty C.beautiful;beauty 4.The of the experiment surprised all the scientists. A.success B.successful C.succeed 5.Taking a walk after dinner is to your health. A.benefit B.beneficial C.benefitial 6.The between the two plans is obvious-one is cheaper,the other is faster. A.different B.difference C.differently 7.He made a mistake because he was too A.careful;careless B.careless;careful C.careless;careless 8.The of the old building made it a popular tourist A.nature;attraction B.natural;attract C.natural;attraction 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（每空一词）。 1.The young man showed great when he saved the child from the fire. 2.Eating too much junk food is to our health. 3.Her to the homeless dogs moved everyone. 4.It is of great to learn a foreign language well. 5.The children made it hard for us to concentrate. 6.With the of technology,life becomes more convenient. 7.The coach gave us a of the new training plan 8.We should take for our own actions. 9.The of the river has become a serious problem. 10.To our he finished the task in only two hours. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.C 1.bravery;2.harmful;3.kindness;4.importance;5.noisy; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.development;7.description;8.responsibility; 9.pollution;10.surprise 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 PE Classes 1.They not only promote physical health but also teach important life skills such as eamwork and discipline 结构：not only+动词/形容词/名词+but also+平行成分 中文：它们不仅促进身体健康，还教授重要的生活技能，如团队合作和纪律。 用法：not only..but also表示“不仅…而且…”，连接并列成分；not onlyi置于句 首时需倒装。 2. In my opinion,PE classes are an essential part of education,as they not only promote physical health but also teach life skills 结构：主句+as+从句（陈述原因） 中文：依我看，体育课是教育的重要组成部分，因为它们不仅促进身体健康，还教授 生活技能。 用法：as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为、由于”，语气比because弱；不可与so连 用。 3. Those who argue against PE classes claim that they take time away from academic subjects. 结构：先行词+关系代词(who/that/which)+从句 中文：那些反对体育课的人声称体育课占用了学习时间。 用法：who指人，在从句中作主语；that可指人或物；who/that在从句中作宾语时可省 略。 4. This view ignores the fact that physical activity has been shown to improve concentration. 结构：抽象名词(fact/idea/belief/news等)+that+完整陈述句 中文：这种观点忽略了体育活动已被证明能提高注意力这一事实。 用法：that引导同位语从句，对抽象名词进行解释；hat在从句中不作成分，但不可 省略。 5 PE classes offer a variety of activities,ensuring that everyone can find something they enjoy. 结构：主句，+V-ing短语（表示自然而然的结果） 中文：体育课提供多种活动，确保每个人都能找到自己喜欢的东西。 用法：现在分词短语作结果状语，表示主句带来的必然或伴随结果；逻辑主语与主句 主语一致（主动关系)。 6.They play a vital role in developing healthy,well-rounded individuals. 结构：play a+形容词+rolein+名词/动名词 中文：它们在培养健康、全面发展的人方面起着至关重要的作用。 用法：play a vital role in表示“在…中起重要作用”，常见形容词有vital, important,key,essential,significant. 7.One of the most important benefits of PE classes is that they teach teamwork. 结构：one of+he+最高级+复数名词+单数谓语 中文：体育课最重要的好处之一是教授团队合作。 用法：意为“…中最…之一”，后面接可数名词复数；谓语动词用单数。 8.Teamwork is a skill that is essential for success in the workplace and in life. 结构：be essential for+名词/动名词 中文：团队合作是一种对职场和生活中成功必不可少的技能。 用法：表示“对…是必不可少的”；essential/后可接todo或that从句。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.Not only (do)he play basketball,but he also runs every day. 2.As PE classes (promote)health,they are essential. 3.The idea (that)exercise helps concentration is supported by research. 4.One of the most important skills (be)teamwork 5.The students (who)take PE regularly are healthier. 6.The teacher offered different activities, (ensure) everyone could participate. 7.A healthy lifestyle (play)a vital role in preventing diseases. 8.Although some students (not enjoy)sports,they can still find activities they like. 9.The fact (that)PE improves mood is widely accepted. 10.These skills are essential for (succeed)in the workplace. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.在我看来，体育课是全面教育的重要组成部分。 2.体育不仅促进身体健康，还教授团队合作等生活技能。 3.那些反对体育课的人声称它们占用了学习时间。 4.这个观点忽略了体育活动已被证明能提高注意力这一事实。 5.尽管有些学生可能不喜欢运动，但体育课提供了多种活动。 6.这些活动确保每个人都能找到自己喜欢的东西。 7.体育课最重要的好处之一是教会学生如何团队合作。 8.团队合作是职场和生活中成功所必需的技能。 9.研究表明，定期上体育课的学生更可能保持健康的生活方式。 10.体育课在培养健康、全面发展的人方面起着至关重要的作用。 参考答案 1.does;2.promote;3.that;4.is;5.who;6.ensuring;7.plays; 练习一：完成句子 8.don't enjoy;9.that;10.success 练习二：翻译句子l.In my opinion,PE classes are an essential part of a well- rounded education.2.PE not only promotes physical health but also teaches life skills such as teamwork.;3.Those who argue against PE classes claim that they take time away from academic subjects.4.This view ignores the fact that physical activity has been shown to improve concentration.5.Although some students may not enjoy sports,PE classes offer a variety of activities.;6.These activities ensure that everyone can find something they enjoy.7.One of the most important benefits of PE classes is that they teach students how to work together as a team.;8.Teamwork is a skill that is essential for success in the workplace and in life.;9.Research has shown that students who take regular PE classes are more likely to maintain a healthy lifestyle.10.PE classes play a vital role in developing healthy, well-rounded individuals. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the history of human achievement,few stories are as remarkable as that of the apollo 13 mission. What began as a routine joumey to the moon in April 1970 quickly turned into one of the most dramatic survival stories in space exploration.An oxygen tank explosion aboard the spacecraft critically damaged the command module,leaving three astronauts-Jim Lovell,Fred Haise,and Jack Swigert- in a life-threatening situation approximately 200,000 miles from Earth. The explosion not only deprived them of their primary source of oxygen but also disabled the navigation and life support systems.The mission,originally intended to be NASA's third lunar landing, was immediately aborted.The immediate challenge was clear:how to bring the astronauts home safely when the spacecraft designed to cary them was no longer functional. What followed was a remarkable demonstration of human ingenuity and teamwork.The ground control team at NASA,led by flight director Gene Kranz,worked tirelessly to devise solutions.They had to calculate emergency procedures using limited resources,as the damaged command module had to be shut down to conserve power,forcing the astronauts to move into the lunar module-a small craft designed to land two men on the moon,not to sustain three people for an extended period. The lunar module,originally built for a two-day mission,now had to support three astronauts for nearly four days.Carbon dioxide levels began to rise dangerously as the lithium hydroxide canisters designed to filter the air in the command module were incompatible with the lunar module's system. Engineers on the ground quickly improvised a solution using materials available on the spacecraft plastic bags,cardboard,and tape-to create a makeshift adapter that allowed the command module's canisters to work in the lunar module.This"mailbox"contraption,as it became known,literally saved the astronauts'lives. The navigation challenge was equally daunting.Without functioning guidance systems,the crew had to manually control the spacecraft using the lunar module's thrusters.The ground team calculated precise engine bumns needed to adjust the trajectory for a safe retumn to Earth's atmosphere.Any mistake could have sent the spacecraft hurtling into space or burning up on re-entry. Throughout the crisis,the astronauts maintained remarkable composure.They endured freezing temperatures,water shortages,and the psychological stress of facing potential death.Lovell later recalled that the key to their survival was focusing on what they could control rather than dwelling on the possibility of failure.Their training kicked in,and they performed each task methodically,trusting in the expertise of the ground team. On April 17,1970,after four days of uncertainty,the command module re-entered Earth's atmosphere and splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean.The world watched with relief as the astronauts were recovered by the USS Iwo Jima.Though they never landed on the moon,their achievement in surviving against all odds is considered one of NASA's finest moments. The Apollo 13 mission demonstrates that achievement is not always about reaching the intended goal. Sometimes,true success lies in overcoming unexpected obstacles through creativity,collaboration,and determination.It serves as a powerful reminder that failure need not be final,and that the human spirit's capacity for problem-solving under pressure can lead to extraordinary outcomes. ()1.What caused the Apollo 13 mission to be aborted? A.A malfunction in the lunar module's thrusters B.An explosion in the command module's oxygen tank C.A collision with space debris during the joumey D.A failure in the communication system with Earth ()2.The phrase"makeshift adapter"in paragraph 4 most likely means a device that is: A.professionally designed for space exploration B.permanently installed in the spacecraft C.temporarily created from available materials D.electronically controlled by ground teams ()3.What can be inferred from the passage about the lunar module? A.It was originally designed for long-term space travel. B.It had compatible systems with the command module. C.It was not intended to support three people for several days. D.It had better navigation systems than the command module. ()4.According to the passage,what was key to the astronauts'survival? A.Their extensive knowledge of spacecraft engineering B.Their ability to ignore the possibility of death C.Their concentration on controllable aspects of their situation D.Their reliance on automated navigation systems ()5.What lesson about achievement does the author emphasize through this story? A.Success is measured solely by reaching original goals. B.Failure in space missions is unacceptable for NASA. C.Overcoming challenges can represent significant achievement. D.Advanced technology is the only guarantee of success. Passage B The concept of"achievementhas undergone significant transformation throughout human history, reflecting changing social values,economic conditions,and technological capabilities.In ancient agricultural societies,achievement was often measured by one's ability to ensure survival-producing enough food,building shelter,and protecting one's family.These accomplishments,while essential, were largely collective in nature,with individuals contributing to the community's overall well-being rather than pursuing personal glory. The Industrial Revolution marked a dramatic shift in how societies defined success.For the first time, individuals could accumulate wealth beyond what was necessary for immediate survival.This era gave rise to the "self-made man'"narrative-the idea that through hard work,ambition,and personal initiative,anyone could rise from humble beginnings to achieve prosperity.Figures like Andrew Carnegie,who immigrated to the United States with nothing and built a steel empire,became symbols of this new achievement paradigm.The emphasis on individual effort and measurable outcomes wealth,property,status-became deeply embedded in Westemn culture. However,the 20th century brought increasing complexity to the understanding of achievement. Psychologists like Abraham Maslow proposed that human needs extend beyond material success to include self-actualization-the realization of one's full potential.This perspective suggested that true achievement involves not just external recognition but internal fulfillment.Meanwhile,sociologists observed that social structures,including race,class,and gender,significantly influenced who could achieve what,challenging the notion that success was purely a matter of individual effort. The digital revolution of the late 20th and early 21st centuries has further complicated the landscape of achievement.Social media platforms now enable individuals to present curated versions of their lives, often highlighting accomplishments while obscuring struggles.This has created new forms of achievementbecoming an "influencer,"gaining followers,or receiving likes-that some critics argue are shallow compared to traditional benchmarks.Yet proponents contend that these platforms democratize achievement,allowing people from diverse backgrounds to gain recognition without needing access to established institutions. Contemporary discussions about achievement increasingly emphasize the importance of well-being and balance.Research has shown that excessive focus on external achievements-wealth,fame,status-can lead to burnout,anxiety,and diminished life satisfaction.The concept of"eudaimonic well-being," derived fiom Aristotle's philosophy,suggests that genuine achievement involves living a life of meaning,purpose,and contribution to others,rather than simply accumulating markers of success. In many educational systems,there is ongoing debate about how to define and measure student achievement.Standardized testing,long considered the gold standard for assessing academic progress, has faced criticism for promoting narrow learning and disadvantaging certain groups.Alternative approaches emphasize holistic development-evaluating students not just on test scores but on creativity,critical thinking,collaboration,and character.Some schools have adopted"mastery-based learning,"where students progress based on demonstrated competence rather than time spent in class. The workplace has also seen evolving definitions of achievement.While promotions and salary increases remain important,many professionals now prioritize work-life balance,meaningful work,and opportunities for growth.The"great resignation"phenomenon,where millions of workers voluntarily left their jobs in 2021-2022,reflected a widespread reassessment of what constitutes professional success.This has prompted organizations to reconsider how they define and reward achievement, moving beyond purely financial metrics. Looking forward,the definition of achievement will likely continue to evolve in response to global challenges.The climate crisis,for instance,may redefine success to include environmental stewardship. Achievements that contibute to sustainability-developing clean energy technologies,restoring ecosystems,creating circular economies-may gain greater recognition.Similarly,achievements that promote social justice,such as advancing equity in education or healthcare,may become increasingly valued. What remains constant is the human drive to accomplish meaningful goals.While the specific forms of achievement may change across time and culture,the underlying desire to make a difference,to contibute,and to realize one's potential appears universal.Understanding the evolving nature of achievement helps us appreciate both past accomplishments and future possibilities,while encouraging a more inclusive and balanced approach to success. ()1.What is the main pupose of this passage? A.To argue that modem forms of achievement are less valuable than traditional ones B.To trace how the concept of achievement has changed throughout history C.To criticize the emphasis on individual success in Western culture D.To propose a new definition of achievement for the 21st century ()2.According to the passage,how did the Industial Revolution change views on achievement? A.It emphasized collective contributions over individual success. B.It introduced the idea that anyone could achieve prosperity through hard work. C.It reduced the importance of wealth as a measure of success. D.It made achievement less accessible to ordinary people. ()3.The author mentions"eudaimonic well-being"primarily to: A.introduce a psychological theory about motivation B.support the idea that meaningful living constitutes genuine achievement C.criticize modern society's focus on extemnal recognition D.explain why some people experience burnout ()4.What does the "mastery-based leaming"approach mentioned in paragraph 6 suggest about educational achievement? A.Students should spend more time in class to master subjects. B.Standardized testing is the most reliable measure of student progress. C.Competence demonstration matters more than time spent learning. D.Creativity is more important than critical thinking in education. ()5.Which of the following best describes the author's tone in this passage? A.Critical and pessimistic about modemn definitions of achievement B.Objective and analytical while acknowledging multiple perspectives C.Enthusiastic and supportive of traditional achievement measures D.Sarcastic and dismissive of contemporary success narratives 二、完形填空 The story of the 1996 Mount Everest disaster is a powerful lesson about the nature of achievement and the consequences of overconfidence.It was May 10,1996,and numerous climbing expeditions were attempting to reach the summit of the world's tallest mountain.Among them was an experienced guide named Rob Hall,who had successfully guided many climbers to the top.However,that day would become one of the deadliest in Everest's history,claiming eight lives in a single storm. The tragedy did not occur because the climbers lacked skill or preparation.(1) it resulted from a combination of factors,including competitive pressures,poor decision-making,and the dangerous(2)to reach the summit at any cost.Several expeditions had set out simultaneously,creating a bottleneck near the summit.Climbers were forced to wait in the death zone"-altitudes above 8,000 meters where the human body begins to deteriorate(3) their precious oxygen supplies. One of the most critical factors was the"summit fever"the intense desire to (4) the top that clouds judgment and ovenides caution.Experienced climbers who should have known better decided to continue upward past the agreed-upon tumnaround time of 2:00 PM.Hall himself,despite his expertise,(5) the rule he had established:tumn back by that time,regardless of how close you are to the summit.He was only a few hundred meters from the top when the deadline passed,and he (6) to push forward. The consequences were (7) By the time Hall finally reached the summit and began his descent,the weather had deteriorated dramatically.A severe storm descended,reducing visibility to virtually nothing and dropping temperatures to deadly levels.Hall found himself trapped on the mountain,unable to find his way back to camp.Despite rescue efforts that(8) throughout the night,he could not be saved.His body was discovered the following day. This tragedy teaches us that true achievement is not simply about(9) a goal regardless of the risks.It involves making wise judgments about when to proceed and when to tumn back.The climbers who (10) the summit that day and retumned safely demonstrated a different kind of success- one measured not by reaching the top,but by making the difficult decision to prioritize their lives over their ambition The disaster also(11) the importance of teamwork and communication in high-stakes situations.Many of the decisions that led to the tragedy were made in(12) without full consultation among team members.Had the climbers better coordinated their efforts and shared information about the changing conditions,the outcome might have been different. In the years since the disaster,the mountaineering community has learned valuable lessons.Many expeditions now strictly (13) turnaround times and use radios to maintain constant communication.There is greater emphasis on making decisions based on (14) conditions rather than on rigid summit schedules.Climbers are encouraged to support each other rather than compete for the glory of being the first to reach the top. The story of Rob Hall and the 1996 Everest disaster reminds us that achievement must be balanced with wisdom.(15) the most significant achievement is not reaching the summit,but knowing when to tumn back and live to climb another day 1.A.Instead B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Meanwhile 2.A.attempt B.desire C.request D.failure 3.A.conserving B.wasting C.providing D.creating 4.A.explore B.measure C.achieve D.describe 5.A.followed B.established C.ignored D.remembered 6.A.refused B.decided C.hesitated D.pretended 7.A.predictable B.beneficial C.dramatic D.temporaly 8.A.continued B.stopped C.succeeded D.delayed 9.A.setting B.imagining C.forgetting D.reaching 10.A.avoided B.survived C.attempted D.observed 11.A.overlooks B.questions C.highlights D.denies 12.A.isolation B.agreement C.sequence D.advance 13.A.abandon B.enforce C.ignore D.challenge 14.A.financial B.political C.theoretical D.practical 15.A.Occasionally B.Consequently C.Ultimately D.Gradually 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. What does it mean to achieve something meaningful?This question has occupied philosophers psychologists,and ordinary people for centuries.While definitions vary across cultures and historical periods,certain patterns emerge in how we evaluate achievement. First,achievement typically involves effort.Accomplishments that come without exertion-winning a lottery,inheriting wealth,or being bomn into privilege-are rarely considered achievements in the same way as those requiring sustained effort.The journey matters as much as the destination.This is why we admire the athlete who trains for years to compete in the Olympics more than we admire someone who wins a race through luck. Second,achievement usually requires overcoming obstacles.The value of an accomplishment is often proportional to the difficulty of the path taken to reach it.This explains why we celebrate stories of individuals who succeed despite poverty,discrimination,or physical limitations.These namratives resonate because they demonstrate the human capacity to transcend circumstances. Third,genuine achievement often contibutes to something beyond oneself.While personal satisfaction is important,achievements that benefit otherscuring a disease,educating children,creating art that inspires-tend to be valued more highly than purely self-interested accomplishments.This aligns with research showing that people who pursue meaningful goals report higher life satisfaction than those who focus solely on personal gain. Fourth,achievement involves growth.True accomplishment changes the person who achieves it, developing new skills,perspectives,or character traits.This transformative aspect distinguishes achievement from mere performance.A student who leams from failure and improves demonstrates greater achievement than one who succeeds without challenge. Finally,context matters.What counts as achievement in one setting may not in another.A farmer who develops drought-resistant crops is achieving something different from a scientist who discovers a new particle,yet both represent significant accomplishment within their domains.Recognizing this diversity helps us appreciate the many forms of human excellence. These pattems suggest that achievement is not simply about reaching a goal.It encompasses the process,the struggle,the growth,and the contribution.In this broader view,every person has the potential for meaningful achievement,regardless of their circumstances or the scale of their accomplishments. 1.According to the passage,why are accomplishments requiring effort valued more than those requiring luck? 2.What makes stories of people who succeed despite hardship particularly inspiring? 3.How does the author distinguish between"achievement"and "mere performance? 4.What evidence does the author provide to support the claim that achievement involves contributing to others? 5.Based on the passage,what is the relationship between context and achievement? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入I个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Starting high school is like being the new kid all over again,with a wave of(1) washing over you.The hallways are(2)with unfamiliar faces,and the campus is so large you might get lost.But this phase of life is also a golden opportunity for personal growth.It's a chance to hit the (3) button and shape the person you want to become. A common feeling among freshmen is the fear of(4)by others.Everyone seems to be looking at you,forming their first (5)However,it's vital to remember that you are all in the same boat.Most other freshmen are just as nervous and(6) as you are.Instead of focusing on what others think,shift your focus to what you can learn from each new person you meet. Finally,don't be afraid to step out of your comfort zone.The quiet and(7) student can choose to be more(8)by joining a club.The student who hates public (9) can volunteer to give a presentation.These small acts of courage build mental strength.The challenges you overcome today will be the (10) blocks of your confidence tomorrow,tumning your high school journey into a story of growth rather than a source of stress. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 你校英语报正在举办以&ldquo,My Understanding of Achievement''为题的征文话动。请你写一篇 短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你对“成就&rdquo,的理解； 2.举例说明你认为的真正成就： 3.你对如何实现有意义成就的建议。 注意：内容需结合Unit4所学词汇与表达。 参考答案 Passage A:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.C 一、 阅读理解 Passage B:1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 二、 完形填空1.A2.B3.B4.C5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.C12.A13.B14.D15.C 1.Because effort demonstrates the journey matters as much as the destination,and accomplishments requiring sustained effort are valued more highly than those coming from luck or chance. 2.These stories demonstrate the human capacity to transcend circumstances and overcome obstacles,making the success more meaningful. 3.Achievement involves growth and transformation-it changes the person who 三、阅读短文achieves it.Mere performance is simply completing a task without the transformative 回答问题 aspect. 4.The author mentions research showing that people who pursue meaningful goals benefiting others report higher life satisfaction than those focused solely on personal gain 5.Context matters because what counts as achievement in one setting may not in another.Both a farmer developing drought-resistant crops and a scientist discovering a new particle represent significant accomplishments within their fields. 1.anxiety 2.crowded 3.reset 4.being judged 5.impressions 6.fiightened 7.reserved 四、短文填空 8.outgoing 9.speaking 10.building 五、写作 参考范文： My Understanding of Achievement In my opinion,achievement is not merely about reaching a goal or gaining recognition from others. True achievement involves personal growth,overcoming difficulties,and making meaningful contibutions. Take Thomas Edison,for example.Despite experiencing thousands of failures in inventing the light bulb,he never gave up.His real achievement was not just the final invention but his determination and perseverance through repeated setbacks.Similarly,in our daily lives,a student who struggles with mathematics but finally masters a difficult concept has achieved something significant. To achieve meaningful goals,we should furst set realistic objectives that match our abilities and interests.Second,we must be prepared to face failures and learn from them.As the saying goes,failure is the mother of success.Finally,we should focus on the process rather than just the outcome,because real growth happens along the joumey. In conclusion,achievement is a journey of continuous improvement,where effort and persistence matter more than immediate results.