Unit 4 Information Technology（一）-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（北师大版）

Unit 4:Information Technology 教材全解（一） image fancy trick identity 2D;sex sensible ⊙单元核心词汇 creativity blog obviously experiment hairstyle nowadays selection type concern virtual cheat view 等 。单元同步语法 过去将来时 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.fancy/'faensi/adj.花哨的；别致的vt.喜欢；想象 词形变化：fancily(adv.)花哨地；fanciness(n.)花哨 搭配：fancy dress奇装异服；fancy doing sth.喜欢做某事；fancy oneself自以为 是 辨析：fancy vs.imaginative:fancy强调外表华丽或一时幻想；imaginative指富有 想象力。 例句：She wore a fancy hat to the party. 2.ick/trIk/vt.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗n.诡计；把戏 词形变化：tricky(adj.）棘手的；狡猾的；trickery(n.)欺骗行为 搭配：play a trick on捉弄；trick sb.into doing sth.骗某人做某事；trick or treat 不给糖就捣蛋 辨析：trick vs.cheat:tick侧重用计谋使人上当；cheat侧重用不诚实手段获取利 益。 例句：He was tricked into giving away his password. 3.sensible/'sensabl/adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 词形变化：sensibly(adv.）明智地；sense(n.)感觉；sensibility(m.）敏感性 搭配：sensible advice合理的建议；a sensible choice明智的选择 辨析：sensible vs..sensitive:sensible指明智、合理；sensitive指敏感、易受影响 的。 例句：It is sensible to save some money for emergency. 4.creativity/ki:er'trvati/n.创造力：独创性 词形变化：create(v.)创造；creative(adj.）有创造力的；creatively(adv.）创造性 地 搭配：spark creativity激发创造力；lack creativity缺乏创造力 辨析：creativity vs.imagination:creativity强调产生新想法或新产品的能力； imagination更侧重心理想象。 例句：The project requires both teamwork and creativity 5.obviously/'pbviasli/adv.显而易见地，明显地 词形变化：obvious(adj.)明显的；obviousness(m.)明显 搭配：obviously true明显正确；obviously wrong明显错误 辨析：obviously vs.apparently:obviously强调毫无疑问；apparently指表面上看起 来，可能实际并非如此。 例句：Obviously,regular exercise benefits your health, 6.experiment/ik'sperimant/vi.&vt.做试验，进行实验n.实验 词形变化：experimental(adj.)实验的；experimentation(n.)实验过程 搭配：experiment with用…做实验；carry out an experiment进行实验 辨析：experiment vs..test:experiment通常指科学探究性试验；test指检测性能或 知识。 例句：The scientist experimented on mice to test the new drug, 7.selection/sI'lek n/n.供选择的同类物品；选择 词形变化：select(W.)选择；selective(adj.)有选择性的；selectively(adv.)选择 性地 搭配：natural selection自然选择；make a selection做出选择；a wide selection of 大量的…供选择 辨析：selection vs.choice:selection强调从大量中精心挑选的过程；choice更侧重 决定。 例句：There is a wide selection of books in the library. 8.concern/kan's3:n/n.担忧，忧虑v.与…有关；使担心 词形变化：concerned(adj.)担心的；有关的；concerning(prep.)关于 搭配：show concern for对…表示关心；be concerned about担心；as far as...be concerned就…而言 辨析：concern vs.woy:concern更正式，常指对重要问题的关切；woy更口语 化，强调焦虑。 例句：Parents are concerned about their children's online safety. 9.virtual/'v3tual/adj.虚拟的；模拟的 词形变化：virtually(adv.)几乎；虚拟地；virtuality(血.）虚拟现实 搭配：virtual reality虚拟现实；virtual classroom虚拟课堂 辨析：virtual vs..actual:virtual指模拟或近似真实的；actual指实际存在的。 例句：Virtual meetings have become common during the pandemic, 10.cheat/tfi:t/v.欺骗；欺诈n.骗子；作弊行为 词形变化：cheater(n.)骗子；cheating(m.)作弊 搭配：cheat on对…不忠；在…中作弊；cheat sb.out of sth.骗走某人的某物 辨析：cheat vs.lie:cheat指用不正当手段获取利益；lie指说假话。 例句：Students who cheat in exams will be punished. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.He wore a (fancy)costume to the party,which caught everyone's attention. 2.The old man was tricked giving away all his savings. 3.It is (sense)to wear a helmet while riding a bike. 4.The artist's (creative)is highly praised by critics. 5.Obviously,the weather will affect our travel plans. 6.The lab (experiment)with different chemicals to find a better solution. 7.We have a large (select)of gifts for you to choose from. 8.The teacher showed great (concern)for the student's poor health. 9.Virtual reality technology is widely used in education and entertainment. 10.Anyone who (cheat)in the final exam will be disqualified. 11.It was a (trick)problem;many students got the answer wrong 12.The manager made a (sense)decision to reduce costs. 13.She (creative)decorated her room with handmade items. 14.They carried out a series of (experiment)to test the theory. 15.The mother's (concern)expression showed her worry. (二)短文填空 In modern society,people are often 1. about their online 2. life.Some 3. try to 4.users by sending fake messages.To avoid being fooled,it's 5. to think twice before clicking unknown links.Meanwhile,6. is highly valued in education.Teachers encourage students to 7. with new ideas and make careful 8. when choosing their projects.9. ,a10. appearance does not always mean reliability. 参考答案 1.fancy;2.into;3.sensible;4.creativity;5.Obviously;6.experimented; (一)单句填空 7.selection;8.concern;9.Virtual;10.cheats;11.ticky;12.sensible; 13.creatively;14.experiments;15.concemned 1.concerned;2.virtual;3.tricksters;4.cheat,5.sensible;6.creativity; (二)短文填空 7.experiment;8.selection;9.Obviously;10.fancy 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 过去将来时 过去将来时 项目 内容 定义 过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间点来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状 态。它常用于间接引语、宾语从句等需要“站在过去看未来”的语境中。 1.would+动词原形：结构：主语+would+动词原形+其他。用 法：强调从过去的角度看，后面发生的动作（纯粹将来，或意愿、习惯 等)。例：He said he would come the next day.(他说他第二天会来。） 结构 2.was/were going to+动词原形：结构：主语+was/were+going to+ 动词原形+其他。用法：强调过去计划、打算做某事，或根据迹象判断 将要发生某事。例：I was going to call you,but I forgot.(我本打算给你 打电话，但忘了。) ①用于间接引语/宾语从句：当主句谓语动词是过去时（如said,told, knew,thought)时，从句中的将来时需改为过去将来时。直接引语：She said,"I will leave.”间接引语：She said that she would leave. ②表示“过去计划/打算做某事”：常用was/were going to,常暗示计划 未能实现。例：They were going to build a school,but they ran out of 核心用法 money. ③表示“过去即将发生的动作”：常用was/were about to+动词原形 (happen/occur/stat..),强调即刻性。例：The train was about to leave when we arrived. ④与条件状语从句连用：常用于表示“如果过去发生某事，就将会发生 另一事”。例：He said if it rained,he would stay at home.. 过去将来时不能单独使用，必须依附于一个“过去”的时间参照点（如： yesterday,last week,in 2000,when I was young). 在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，如果从句表示的是客观真理或不受时 注意事项 间限制的事实，仍用一般现在时，不用过去将来时。 "was/were going to'”与“would”有时可互换，但前者更强调计划 性，后者更强调意愿或纯粹将来。 考点通关 过去将来时 语法专练一：过去将来时(8题) 1.-What did Mary say?-She said she to the library the next day. A.will go B.would go C.is going D.went 2.I knew you the exam if you worked hard. A.would pass B.will pass C.passed D.had passed 3.Tom told me that he his homework after dinner. A.would finish B.will finish C.finished D.finishes 4.We a picnic last Sunday,but it rained heavily A.would have B.were going to C.had D.will have have 5.The bus when I got to the stop. A.would leave B.was about to leave C.leaves D.left 6.He thought that she him a gift for his birthday. A.buys B.bought C.would buy D.will buy 7.The students a speech contest the following week. A.were going to B.have C.had D.will have have 8.Jack promised that he late again. A.won't be B.wouldn't be C.isn't D,wasn't 语法专练二：过去将来时(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.He said that he to the party the next evening 2.I didn't know if they on time. 3.She told me she the work in two hours. 4.We to the beach last weekend,but my mom got sick. 5.The teacher said that the exam very difficult. 6.I you earlier,but my phone ran out of battery. 7.The match when we reached the stadium. 8.They believed that the plan in the end. 9.He asked me whether I him with the project. 10.The scientist announced that they the satellite next month. 参考答案 语法专练一：过去将来时1.B;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.C；7.A;8.B 1.would come;2.would arrive;3.would finish;4.were going 语法专练二：过去将来时 to go;5.would be;6.was going to call;7.was about to start;8.would succeed;9.would help;10.would launch 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 Online Avatars Creating your own image and a new personality is possible online 结构：Ving形式+谓语动词 中文：创建你自己的形象和新的个性在网上是可能的。 用法：动名词表示一件事情或一个行为，在句中作主语。 2. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message 结构：先行词+关系代词(that/which/who)+从句 中文：你也可以使用当你输入信息时会移动和说话的虚拟形象。 用法：关系代词that指代物或人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 3.When people started creating their own avatars,they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities 结构：主句+连接词+从句（陈述语序） 中文：当人们开始创建自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创造新的身份。 用法：连接词that在宾语从句中无词义，可省略。 4. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 结构：so+形容词/副词+hat+从句 中文：一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界里花费了如此多的时间，以至于开始害怕在现实 世界中与人见面。 用法：so后接形容词或副词，hat引导结果状语从句。 5.people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life 结构：形容词/副词比较级+than+比较对象 中文：人们显然让他们的虚拟形象看起来比他们在现实生活中更好看。 用法：比较级后接han,表示“比…更…”。 6.They used to chat without avatars.Now they are used to using avatars in every chat 结构：used to do/be used to doing/be used to do 中文：他们过去在没有虚拟形象的情况下聊天。现在他们习惯于在每次聊天中使用虚 拟形象。 用法：used to doi过去常常；be used to doing习惯于；be used to do被用来。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. (create)your own image is an interesting experience 2.I discovered that my avatar (be)very popular among my friends 3.The avatar (move)around quickly when you type is called a dynamic avatar. 4.They are so excited they can't stop talking about their avatars. 5.In the 1980s,people didn't know avatars (have)so many uses. 6.Users are used to (choose)avatars from a list. 7.My avatar looks better than my friend (do). 8. (use)avatars to cheat others is not allowed. 9.He used to (spend)hours in virtual worlds. 10.They look forward to a time when avatars (can)talk like humans. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.创建你自己的形象是可能的。 2.这个虚拟形象会走动和说话。 3.用户发现他们可以拥有多个虚拟形象。 4.这些虚拟形象如此有趣，以至于每个人都想使用它们。 5.我的虚拟形象看起来比我本人好看。 6.过去人们只用文字聊天。 7.现在他习惯了在网上使用虚拟形象。 8.你知道他们想看起来什么样吗？ 9.我期待着一个虚拟形象能像真人一样行动的时代。 10.使用多个虚拟形象可能会带来风险。 参考答案 1.Creating;2.was;3.that moves;4.that;5.would have; 练习一：完成句子 6.choosing;7.does;8.Using;9.spend;10.can 1.Creating your own image is possible.;2.This avatar moves around and talks.;3.Users discovered that they could have more than one avatar.;4.These avatars are so funny that everyone wants to use them.;5.My avatar looks better than I do. 练习二：翻译句子 6.People used to chat only by text.;7.Now he is used to using avatars online.8.Do you know what they want to look like?; 9.I look forward to a time when avatars can act like real people.;10.Using several avatars can be a risk. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage 1 In the digital age,avatars have become a common way for people to represent themselves online However,a growing body of research suggests that the way we design and use these digital identities can have profound effects on our real-world behavior and self-perception. A study conducted at Stanford University found that participants who used tall,attractive avatars in virtual environments later behaved more confidently in face-to-face negotiations than those who used shorter, less appealing avatars.This phenomenon,known as the"Proteus effect,"suggests that the characteristics of our digital selves can influence our offline actions. But the impact of avatars goes beyond confidence.A 2019 study from the University of Barcelona showed that people who used avatars that resembled their ideal selves(thinner,fitter,more stylish)were more likely to engage in healthier lifestyle choices in reality,such as exercising more and eating better. Conversely,those who created avatars that were significantly different from their real appearance sometimes experienced increased dissatisfaction with their own bodies. Moreover,avatars can shape social interactions.Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that people are more likely to trust avatars that have human-like facial expressions and gestures.In virtual meetings,participants responded more positively to avatars that mirrored their own movements in real time,creating a sense of rapport. However,there are risks.Some users create multiple avatars to hide their true identities,leading to dishonest behavior.Cyberbullying and online fraud often involve the use of fake avatars.As a result, many social platforms now require users to verify their identities by linking real names or phone numbers In conclusion,while avatars offer creative freedom and can even promote positive changes,they also raise ethical questions about authenticity and trust.Understanding the psychology behind avatar use is crucial for both developers and users in the evolving digital landscape. ()1.What does the Stanford study suggest about the "Proteus effect"? A.Avatars have no influence on real-life behavior. B.Taller avatars make people less confident. C.The appearance of avatars can affect offline confidence. D.Only attractive avatars lead to positive outcomes. ()2.According to the passage,how can avatars influence health behaviors? A.They always cause dissatisfaction with one's body. B.They have no relationship with real-life choices. C.They can encourage healthier habits if they resemble ideal selves. D.They are mainly used for entertainment puposes. ()3.What did the Cambridge research discover about avatars? A.Avatars with human-like expressions are considered less trustworthy. B.Users prefer avatars that make exaggerated gestures. C.Avatars that mimic users'movements help build trust. D.Virtual meetings are less effective with avatars. ()4.Which of the following is a risk mentioned in the passage? A.Avatars always look better than real people. B.Some users use fake avatars for dishonest activities. C.Avatars make people exercise less. D.All platforms require identity verification. ()5.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Avatars are only useful for online gaming. B.Avatars have both benefits and risks,affecting behavior and trust. C.Avatars should be banned due to cyberbullying. D.The Proteus effect is the only important finding about avatars. Passage 2 The concept of"digital twin"has moved beyond manufacturing and into education.A digital twin is a virtual replica of a physical object,system,or even a person,which can be used for simulation and analysis.In schools,digital twins of classrooms,laboratories,and campus facilities are being created to enhance learning experiences. At the University of Tokyo,researchers have developed a digital twin of their chemisty lab.Students can use VR headsets to explore the twin,conduct virtual experiments,and observe reactions in a safe environment.This approach has proved especially valuable for dangerous or expensive experiments that would be impossible to perform in a traditional classroom. But digital twins are not limited to physical spaces.Some institutions are experimenting with "personal digital twins"-virtual representations of individual students that track their leaming progress, preferences,and challenges.These twins can predict which topics a student might struggle with and suggest personalized resources.For example,if a student's digital twin shows a pattern of errors in solving quadratic equations,the system automatically recommends targeted practice problems. Despite these advantages,critics raise concemns about data privacy.The detailed information collected by digital twins-including facial expressions during online classes,keystroke patterns,and even heart rate from wearable devices-could be misused.Schools must ensure that such data is encrypted and used only for educational purposes,with clear parental consent. Furthermore,digital twins rely heavily on accurate modeling and real-time data.If the input data is incomplete or biased,the twin may produce misleading predictions.Educators warn against over-reliance on technology,emphasizing that human judgment remains irreplaceable in teaching As digital twin technology matures,its potential to transform education is enormous.However,balancing innovation with ethical safeguards will determine whether this tool becomes a powerful ally or a risky distraction in classrooms. ()1.According to the passage,what is a "digital twin"in education? A.A physical robot that copies student movements. B.A virtual copy of a physical leaming space or student data. C.A twin student who helps others learn. D.A computer program that replaces teachers. ()2.Why is the digital twin of a chemistry lab considered valuable? A.It allows students to perform dangerous experiments safely. B.It is cheaper than real lab equipment. C.It can be used without any teacher supervision. D.It eliminates the need for real experiments. ()3.What is the main concern regarding personal digital twins? A.They are too expensive for most schools. B.They might lead to students cheating on tests. C.They collect sensitive personal data that could be misused. D.They are not accurate enough to be useful. ()4.What waming do educators give about digital twins? A.They should never be used in schools. B.They should only be used for science classes C.Reliance on them should not replace human teaching judgment. D.They require too much training for teachers. ()5.What is the author's attitude toward digital twins in education? A.Completely supportive. B.Cautiously optimistic,noting both potential and risks. C.Strongly opposed. D.Indifferent. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 In 2020,a high school student named Maya created an online account to share her art.She used a fictional name and an avatar that was a cartoon version of a cat.At first,she felt(1) because no one knew her real identity.She could post her drawings without(2)about judgment from classmates. But one day,a user who claimed to be a professional artist(3) her,saying her work was "childish"and "unoriginal."Maya felt hurt.She started to wonder if she should (4) her real name and face to gain more respect. After discussing with her parents,Maya leamned about the(5) of online anonymity.They explained that while avatars can protect privacy,they can also be used for(6)like cyberbullying.The best approach,they said,is to be(7)about who you are while still keeping some private information safe. Maya decided to(⑧) her online presence.She kept her cat avatar but added her furst name to her profile.She also began to (9) with other young artists in a supportive online community. Over time,she found that being authentic attracted more genuine (10) One key(11)」 from her experience is that virtual identities should not be a mask to hide behind. but a tool to (12) one's real self safely.Technology gives us the power to be anyone,but the wisest choice is to be a (13) version of who we truly are. Now Maya uses her platform to (14) others about online safety.She often says,"Your avatar can be fancy,but your values should be(15) 1.A.excited B.safe C.confused D.angiy 2.A.talking B.caring C.worrying D.forgetting 3.A.praised B.criticized C.followed D.ignored 4.A.hide B.change C.reveal D.create 5.A.dangers B.benefits C.rules D.history 6.A.fun B.harm C.learning D.growth 7.A.honest B.careful C.quick D.quiet 8.A.delete B.adjust C.forget D.abandon 9.A.compete B.argue C.connect D.compare 10.A.followers B.critics C.strangers D.fiends 11.A.lesson B.problem C.secret D.chance 12.A.hide B.express C.replace D.deny 13.A.younger B.smarter C.better D.richer 14.A.teach B.blame C.trick D,wam 15.A.sensible B.fancy C.virtual D.popular 三、阅读短文回答问题 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。 In recent years,"phubbing"-the act of snubbing someone in favor of a smartphone-has become a widespread social issue.A 2023 study by the Pew Research Center found that 82%of teens felt ignored when their friends used phones during face-to-face conversations. However,a new app called"RealConnect"aims to reverse this trend.The app uses a combination of facial recognition and screen-time tracking to detect when a user is phubbing someone.When the app senses that the user has been staring at the screen for more than 30 seconds while another person is present,it sends a gentle vibration and a notification:"Someone is waiting for your attention." The app's developers,a team of college students from MIT,say their goal is not to shame users but to raise awareness."We're not anti-technology,"says lead developer Sarah Chen."We're pro-connection. The app helps people make conscious choices about where to focus their attention." Initial user feedback has been mixed.Some users report that the app made them more mindful in social settings.Others,however,find the constant reminders annoying and feel that the app is 'judging"them. Privacy advocates have also raised concems that the app's facial recognition feature could be misused if the data falls into the wrong hands. Despite these concems,the app has been downloaded over 500,000 times in its first month.Schools in three states have begun pilot programs to test whether using the app in classrooms can improve student engagement during group work. The debate over phubbing highlights a larger challenge of the digital age:how to balance the benefits of constant connectivity with the need for real human interaction.Apps like RealConnect represent one attempt to solve that problem,but whether they are part of the solution or part of the problem remains to be seen. 1.What does the term "phubbing"mean? 2.According to paragraph 1,what percentage of teens felt ignored by phone use? 3.How does the app RealConnect remind users to stop phubbing? 4.What is the main concern raised by privacy advocates about the app? 5.What larger digital-age challenge does the passage mention? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The rise of virtual reality (VR)has brought new(1) (creative)to education.Students can now explore historical sites without leaving their classroom.However,some teachers worry that spending too much time in (2) (virtual)worlds may reduce students'ability to focus on (3) (real) tasks. One (4) (obvious)advantage of VR is that it allows (5) (experiment)with dangerous scenarios safely.For example,medical students can practice surgery in a(6) (simulate) environment.But critics argue that(7)(sense)decisions require real-world experience. Another(⑧) (concern)is the cost of equipment.Not all schools can afford high-quality VR headsets,which may widen the gap between rich and poor students.This(9) (select)of schools has raised questions about faimness. Despite these challenges,many educators believe that VR will become a(10) (fancy）tool in the future,as long as it is used wisely.After all,technology is just a(11) (ick)一it is how we use it that matters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom对“虚拟形象(avatar)很感兴趣，来信询问你如何看待人们 使用虚拟形象进行在线交流的现象。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1.你对使用虚拟形象的看法（积极或消极方面）； 2.提出使用虚拟形象时应注意的事项（至少两点）； 3.邀请他分享他的观点。 注意： 1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯： 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear that you're interested in avatars. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage 1:1.C2.C3.C4.B 5.B 一、阅读理解 Passage 2:6.B 7.A8.C9.C 10.B 二、完形填空1.B2.C3.B4.C5.B6.B7.A8.B9.C10.A11.A12.B13.C14.A15.A 1.Snubbing someone in favor ofa smartphone. 2.82%of teens. 三、阅读矩文3.By30 dof--laring. 回答问题 4.The facial recognition data could be misused 5.Balancing connectivity with real human interaction. 1.creativity 2.virtual 3.real 4.obvious 5.experiments 6.simulated 7.sensible 8. 四、短文填空 concern 9.selection 10.fancy 11.trick 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear that you're interested in avatars.In my view,using avatars can be both fun and useful. They allow people to express creativity and protect privacy online.However,there are also risks.For example,some users may hide behind fake avatars to cheat or bully others.That's why I think it's sensible to use avatars wisely.First,never share personal information like your real name or address. Second,always remember that behind every avatar is a real person-treat others with respect.I'd love to hear your opinion on this topic.Do you think avatars are helpful or harmful?Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua