Unit 8 Safe and sound-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 8 Safe and sound 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★过去进行时的结构与基本用法 ★过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 语法精讲精练一 1.过去进行时的定义与结构 定义：表示过去某一时刻或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 结构：was/wee+动词的现在分词(-ing形式) was:用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he/she/it) were:用于第二人称(you)和所有复数(we/hey) 句子类型 结构 示例 I was reading a book at 8 o'clock 肯定句 主语+was/were+doing+其他 yesterday. They were not(weren't)playing football 否定句 主语+was/were+not+doing+其他 then 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？ Was she sleeping at that time? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其 他？ What were you doing at 9:00 last night? 2.基本用法（四大核心考点） ①表示过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作 常与表示过去具体时间的状语连用，如：at6o'clock yesterday/at that time/at this time yesterday 等。 例：I was having breakfast at7:00 this morning. 例：What were you doing at 10o'clock last night? ②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作 常与all day yesterday/the whole morning/fom8tol0 last night等连用。 We were working in the garden all day yesterday. She was listening to music from 7 to 9 last evening ③与when/while引导的时间状语从句连用（中考高频) when后常跟一般过去时（表示短暂动作），主句用过去进行时（表示长动作）。 过去进行时（长动作)+when+一般过去时（短动作） 例：I was watching TV when my mother came back, wle后常跟过去进行时（表示两个长动作同时进行），或跟一般过去时（较少）。 过去进行时+whle+过去进行时（强调两个动作同时进行) The students were singing while the teacher was playing the piano. wl©也可引导“在某动作进行的过程中”，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。 例：While I was walking home,.I met an old fiiend, ④表示两个动作同时进行（常用while连接) He was doing his homework while his sister was playing the violin 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 对比项 过去进行时 般过去时 侧重点 强调动作正在进行（未完成） 强调动作已经完成 at that time,at 8 o'clock last night, 时间状语特征 yesterday,last week,just now,in 2020 while... I was reading a novel at 9:00 last night. I read a novel last night..(昨晚读了， 例句 (当时正在读) 已读完) 常与always/ 表示过去反复发生的动作（带感情色 不常用 constantly连用 彩) He was always losing his keys.(老是丢 He lost his keys yesterday.(昨天丢 例句 钥匙，抱怨) 了) 中考易错点： 当句中有at this time yesterday/at that moment when when when 比较： I was cooking when he arrived.(他到达时我正在做饭) I was cooking when he was arriving.（不太自然，通常用while) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.-What you at 8 o'clock last night?-I was watching a movie. A.did;do B.were,doing C.are;doing D.have,done 2.The children happily in the park when it started to rain. A.played B.were playing C.have played D.would play 3.-I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening,but no one answered.-Oh,I a shower at that time A.take B.took C.was taking D.have taken 4.While I the dishes,my brother TV. A.was washing;was watching B.washed;watched C.was washing,watched D.washed;was watching 5.She to music when her mother came in. A.listens B.is listening C.was listening D.listened 6.We a picnic at this time yesterday. A.have B.had C.were having D.are having 7.-Why didn't you answer my phone? A.practice B.was practicing C.practiced D.am practicing 8.The teacher his lessons when the door opened. A.prepared B.was preparing C.prepares D.is preparing 9.My father a book while my mother dinner last night. A.read;cooked B.was reading;cooked C.read;was cooking D.was reading;was cooking 10.-Look!The baby is sleeping. A.was opening B.opened C.am opening D.have opened (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,I 1. (have)a great day.In the moming,my mother 2 (cook)breakfast when I 3 (get)up.After breakfast,I 4. (do)my homework while my sister 5. (draw)pictures.At about 10 o'clock,my father 6. (repair)his bike when a fiiend 7. (come)to visit him In the aftemoon,we all 8. (watch)a football match on TV.The match 9. (be)very exciting.I 10. (clap)my hands when our team scored a goal. (三)完成句子 1.昨晚八点我在写作业。I at 8 o'clock last night 2.他们正在踢足球的时候，突然下雨了。They when it suddenly rained. 3.当我妈妈进来时，我正在看杂志。I when my mother came in. 4.他哥哥在睡觉，而他在听音乐。His brother while he to music. 5.你昨天这个时候在做什么？What at this time yesterday? 6.她整个上午都在打扫房间。She the room the whole morning. 7我们正在公园里跑步，这时我看见了一只鸟。W® in the park when I saw a bird. 8.当我父亲到家的时候，我正在弹钢琴。I the piano when my father got home 9.昨天下午三点到五点他们正在开班会。They a class meeting from 3 to 5 yesterday aftemoon. 10.他经常在上课的时候睡觉（过去习惯，带感情色彩)。He class. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.A5.C;6.C;7.B;8.B;9.D;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.had 2.was cooking 3.got 4.was doing 5.was drawing 6.was repairing; 填空 7.came 8.were watching 9.was 10.was clapping (三)完成 1.was doing my homework 2.were playing football 3.was reading a magazine 句子 4.was sleeping;was listening 5.were you doing 6.was cleaning 7.were running 8.was playing 9.were having 10.was always sleeping 章 语法精讲精练二 1.时态定义与核心区别 时态 定义 核心用法 标志词/时间状语 yesterday,last week,in 表示过去某个时间发 动作在过去完成，与 生的动作或存在的状 2010,just now,..ago, 一般过去时 现在无关。通常有明 when(引导时间状语 态，强调“已完 确过去时间点。 从句，主句用一般过 成”。 去时) at that time,at 8:00 动作在过去某一刻或 表示过去某个时间点 yesterday,this time 某段时间内正在进 或时间段内正在进行 过去进行时 yesterday,when/while 行，常与表示具体时 的动作，强调“未完 (引导时间状语从 刻或另一动作同时发 成”"持续中”。 句，表示另一动作发 生。 生时正在持续) 2.具体用法对比（四大考点） (1)时间点vs时间段 -般过去时：往往有明确的时间点（如at8:00）或时间段（如last year),动作已 完成。 例：I called you at8:00.(8点打了电话，动作完成) 过去进行时：强调在某个时间点（如at8:00)或时间段内（如fiom8to9)正在持 续的动作。 例：I was having breakfast at8:00.(8点正在吃，未完成) (2)when与while的区别（中考核心高频） 连词 用法 例句 引导时间状语从句，既可接 一般过去时（瞬间或短暂动 I was reading a book when he 作)，也可接过去进行时 came in.(他进来时我正在看 when (持续动作)。主句常用过 书。→主句过去进行时，从 去进行时表示“某一动作发 句一般过去时) 生时另一动作正在进行”。 引导时间状语从句，通常接 While I was reading,my mother 持续动词，多用过去进行 was cooking.（我看书时，妈 while 时，强调两个动作同时进 妈在做饭。→两个过去进行 行。 时) ★ 易错点： when后的从句动作可以是瞬间动词（如come,aive,nock),也可以是延续动词。 hle后的从句动作必须是延续动词，且常与过去进行时连用。 (3)动作的先后顺序 般过去时：几个动作按时间顺序发生，用and连接。 例：He got up,washed his face,and went to school.(起床→洗脸→上学，依次发生) 过去进行时：两个动作同时进行或一个动作进行时另一个动作打断。 例：I was sleeping when the telephone rang.(电话响时我正睡着，电话响是打断) (4)常见固定句型 过去进行时+when+一般过去时：“正在做…这时（突然）…”(when=at that time) We were playing football when it began to rain. 一般过去时+ile+过去进行时：“在做…期间发生了…” 例：le fell asleep while he was watching TV. 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） ①一般过去时与过去进行时的否定句和疑问句结构 时态 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 主语+动词过去式 主语+didn't+动词 Did+主语+动词原 一般过去时 原形+. 形+.？ 主语+was/were+ 主语+was/were+ Was/Were+主语+ 过去进行时 doing+… not doing +.. doing+...? ②动词延续性对时态选择的影响 瞬间动词（如open,close,.jump,leave))常用一般过去时，若用于过去进行时则表示 “重复”或“正要…”。 例：He jumped into the river.（一般过去，一次动作) 例：He was jumping up and down.(过去进行，反复跳) 延续动词（如iead,wite,play,watch)可同时用于两种时态，区别在于是否强调 “正在进行”。 ③语境判断（中考常见提示词） 看到at that time.,this time yesterday,from.to...last night→过去进行时 看到just now,yesterday,.last week,in2000,…ago→一般过去时 看到when引导的从句→需根据主从句动作先后判断 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-I called you at 8:00 last night,but no one answered.-Sorry,I a shower at that time A.take B.took C.was taking D.am taking 2.My mother dinner when I got home yesterday. A.cooked B.is cooking C.was cooking D.cooks 3.They football on the playground from 4:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon. A.play B.played C.were playing D.have played 4.-What were you doing at this time yesterday?-I for the bus. A.wait B.waited C.was waiting D.have waited 5.He the door and went into the room. A.opens B.opened C.was opening D.is opening 6.While the girl the piano,her father came back. A.played B.was playing C.play D.plays 7.-Did you see Tom at the party?-No,he home by the time I arrived A.went B.had gone C.was going D.goes 8.We a picnic when it suddenly started to rain. A.have B.had C.were having D.are having (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（注意时态)。 Last Sunday,I 1. (have)a busy day.In the morning,I 2. (get)up at 7:00. While I 3 (brush)my teeth,my mother 4. (make)breakfast.After breakfast,I 5. (do)my homework for two hours.At 10:30,I 6. (go)to the library.When I 7. (read)a book there,my friend Mike 8. (call)me.He said he 9. (play)basketball at that time.I 10. (decide)to join him so I left the library quickly. (三)完成句子（共5题）》 根据中文提示，补全英文句子，每空一词。 1.昨天晚上9点我正写作业。 my homework at 9:00 last night. 2.你到家的时候，妈妈正在洗衣服。 Mother clothes when you home. 3.他正在看电视时，突然听到了敲门声。 While he TV,he suddenly a knock on the door. 4.昨天下午他们从两点到三点在踢足球。 They football from 2:00 to 3:00 yesterday afternoon 5.我爸爸昨天没上班，他在家看书。 My father to work yesterday.He books at home. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.C 选择 (二)语法 1.had 2.got 3.was brushing 4.was making 5.did 6.went 7.was reading 填空 8.called 9.was playing 10.decided (三)完成 1.was doing 2.was washing i got 3.was watching heard 4.were playing 句子 5.didn't go was reading