Unit 6 Seasons-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 6 Seasons 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆五大基本句型结构() ★一般现在时描述季节与自然现象 语法精讲精练一 语法精讲【1】五大基本句型结构（①） 一、核心讲解 1.句子成分回顾与基本句型总览 句子由不同成分组成，最基本的成分是主语(S)和谓语动词(V)。根据谓语动词的性质及后 面是否带宾语、表语等，英语句子形成五大基本句型。本讲学习前三种最基础句型（主谓、主 谓宾、主系表)以及后两种常见句型（主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补）。 五大基本句型结构总览表 句型名称 结构 示例 核心说明 动词后不跟名词/代词作 主谓 S+V(不及物动词) The sun rises. 宾语 主谓宾 S+V(及物动词)+O I love music. 动词后必须带宾语 系动词后跟表语（形容 主系表 S+V(系动词)+P She is kind. 词/名词等) S+V+IO(间接宾语)+ 两个宾语：人（间接） 主谓双宾 He gave me a book DO(直接宾语) +物（直接） S+V+O+C(宾语补足 主谓宾宾补 We call him Tom. 宾补对宾语进行补充说明 语) 2.各句型详细讲解 (1)主谓结构(S+V) 定义：主语+不及物动词。动作不及物，即不需要宾语句子意思已完整。 常见不及物动词：come,go,aive,work,sleep,cy,laugh,.rise,happen,.appear等。 考点：不及物动词后不能直接跟名词作宾语；若要接宾语，须先加介词（如：look at,listen to,anive at/in等)。 例句： He arrived yesterday The children are laughing. Something happened last night. (2)主谓宾结构(S+V+O) 定义：主语+及物动词+宾语（名词/代词/动名词/不定式等)。 常见及物动词：like,love,have,buy,see,eat,read,enjoy,want,need等。 考点：及物动词必须带宾语；宾语位置固定；注意动词的固定搭配（如enjoy doing,want to do)。 例句： I like apples. She read a book yesterday (3)主系表结构(S+V+P) 定义：主语+系动词+表语（形容词/名词/代词/介词短语/不定式等）。 系动词分类： be动词：am,is,are,was,Were 感官动词：look,sound,smell,.taste,feel 变化动词：become,get,tum,gIow 保持动词：keep,stay,remain 考点：表语用形容词而非副词（常见易错：The soup tastes wellx→tastes good）;系动 词后一般不用于进行时（少数例外如“He is being naughty表示暂时状态）。 例句： She is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious. He became a doctor (4)主谓双宾结构(S+V+IO+DO) 定义：主语+双宾动词+间接宾语（通常为人）+直接宾语（通常为物）。 常见双宾动词：give,show,pass,bring,tel,teach,.buy,make,sing,send等。 转换规则：间接宾语后置时需加介词to(表示“给”)或for(表示“为”)。 give show pass tell/send->to buy make sing cook for 考点：间接宾语与直接宾语的顺序；介词选用（中考常考单选和完成句子）。 例句： My mother bought me a gift.My mother bought a gift for me. The teacher showed us a picture.-The teacher showed a picture to us. (5)主谓宾宾补结构(S+V+O+C) 定义：主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补足语（名词/形容词/不定式/分词等）。宾补对 宾语进行补充说明，二者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系 常见宾补动词：make,keep,find,think,.cal,name,consider,,let,have,see,heat等。 考点：宾补形式的选择（例如：make sb.do sth.不带to;keep sb.doing;fnd+宾语+形容 词)；注意与双宾结构的区别。 例句： We keep our classroom clean. The story made me cry. I heard her singing in the room 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 主谓宾Vs主系表：主谓宾的谓语是及物动词，宾语是名词/代词等；主系表的谓语是系动 词，表语是形容词/名词等。试比较： I like her..（主谓宾，1ike是及物动词) She is happy.（主系表，is是系动词) 双宾Vs宾补： 双宾：两个宾语都可以单独充当句子成分，且均为名词/代词。 He gave me a book.(me和a book都是名词) 宾补：宾语和宾补之间是“主语+谓语”的关系，宾补可以是形容词、不定式、分词等。 We made him our captain.(him是宾语，our captain是宾补，说明“他是队长”) 常见区分：双宾动词常可用介词to/fo转换，而宾补则不能。 感官动词的两用性： 作系动词：The flower smells sweet.(系表结构，强调花的状态) 作及物动词十宾语+宾补：I smell something buming.(闻到东西烧焦了) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，共三大题，每题8~10小题） (一)单项选择（共10小题） 1.The sun in the east every momning. A.rise B.rises C.is rising D.rose 2.My mother a new dress for me yesterday A.buy B.bought C.buys D.will buy 3.The soup delicious.May I have another bowl? A.taste B.tastes C.is tasting D.tasten 4.-Can you me your dictionary?-Sure,here you are A.borrow B.lend C.give D.show 5.We must keep our bedroom A.clean B.cleanly C.cleaning D.to clean 6.He a doctor when he grows up. A.becomes B.became C.will become D.is becoming 7.The teacher asked us the classroom after class. A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleaned 8.I find important to learn English well. A.that B.it C.this D.its 9.My father me a bike as my birthday gift last week. A.gave B.gives C.is giving D.will give 10.The funny story made the children A.laugh B.laughing C.laughed D.to laugh (二)语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 My name 1. (be)Tom.I 2 (have)a good friend,Jack.He 3. (live)near my school.Every moming we 4. (go)to school together.Jack 5 (look)very strong because he 6. (exercise)every day.Yesterday his mother 7. (buy)him a new basketball.He 8 (show)it to me after school.The ball 9. (feel)very nice.He 10. (tell)me he would teach me to play basketball this weekend. (三)完成句子（共10小题） 根据中文提示，完成句子，每空一词。 1.太阳从东方升起。The sun in the east. 2.请把这本书给吉姆。Please this book Jim. 3.这朵花闻起来很香。This flower 4.我妈妈给我买了一块新手表。My mother a new watch. 5.我们应该保持教室干净。We should the classroom 6.他看起来很不开心。He very 7.老师让我们完成作业。The teacher us finish our homework. 8.我爸爸每天读报纸。My father newspapers every day. 9.她教我们英语。She English. 10.这个故事使我想起了我的童年。This story me my childhood. 章 语法精讲精练二 1.一般现在时的定义与功能（描述客观事实） 定义：一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)主要用于描述经常性、习惯性的动作、客观事 实、普遍真理以及现阶段的状态。 核心考点：在描述季节与自然现象时，一般现在时强调的是永恒不变或规律性发生的特 征，这是中考语法选择、动词填空的常考语境。 2.描述季节与自然现象的核心用法 用法维度 结构/例句 考点说明 Its+形容词+in+季节. 注意主谓一致：季节为单 例：It is hot in summer..(夏天 数，be动词用is。描述天气 ①描述季节特征 很热。)季节+s+形容 词。例：Spring is warm and 常用wam,hot,cool,cold, sunny,rainy,windy等。 windy.(春天温暖多风。) 主语(Smn/Earth/Moon等)+ ★ 自然现象是永恒的客观真 动词（三单形式）+宾语/状 理，必须用一般现在时，不 ②描述自然现象（客观真 语.例：The sun rises in the 能用进行时。主语是第三人 理) east(太阳从东方升起。) 称单数时，动词要加s/ Water boils at 100°C.(水在 100℃沸腾。) es。 主语(Leaves/Birds等)+动 词（三单形式）+时间状语. 强调每年/每个季节都会发生 例：Leaves turn yellow in 的规律性变化。动词常搭配 ③描述规律性自然变化 atmn.(叶子在秋天变黄。) tum,change,begin, Birds fly south in winter..(鸟儿 disappear等。 在冬天飞往南方。) There is/ae+自然现象+时 be动词的单复数取决于后面 间/地点状语.例：There are 紧跟的名词。ain,snow为 four seasons in a year..(一年有 ④常用句型：There be结构 不可数名词，用There is; 四季。)There is a lot ofrain seasons, leaves为复数，用 in this area.(这个地区雨水很 多。) There a1e。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考) 般现在时vs现在进行时： 般现在时：描述永久性状态或客观规律。 例：The Earth goes around the Sun.(地球绕太阳转。→客观真理) 例：It rains a lot here in summer..(这里夏天雨水多。→规律性特征) 现在进行时：描述此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，暗示“暂时性”。 例：Look!It is raining outside.(看！外面正在下雨。一此刻的动作) 〖考点】描述自然现象的特征时，用一般现在时；描述某一瞬间的过程时，用现在 进行时。 第三人称单数动词变化： 规则变化：大多数动词加-s。(如play一→plays). 特殊变化：have→has;以s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es。(如go→goes) 【考点】主语为The sun,The Earth等时，动词必须用三单形式。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.In Beijing,it often heavily in summer. A.rain B.rains C.raining D.is raining 2.-What does the saying "The early bird catches the worm"mean?-It means those who work hard success. A.achieve B.achieves C.achieving D.will achieve 3.Look at the dark clouds!I think it Let's go home now. A.rains B.is going to rain C.is raining D.rained 4.The weather in Kunming very pleasant all year round. A.are B.be C.is D.was 5.-Why do leaves yellow in autumn?-Because of the change in weather. A.turn B.turned C.are turning D.turns 6. any snow on the ground in winter in your hometown? A.Is there B.Are there C.There is D.There are 7.Every year,a large number of tourists to Harbin to enjoy the ice festival. A.come B.comes C.is coming D.came 8.The moon around the Earth.This is a scientific fact. A.go B.goes C.is going D.went 9.-What is the weather often like in spring in your city?-It warmer and everything starts to grow. A.gets B.got C.is getting D.will get 10.Where the coldest place on Earth? A.is B.are C.does D.do (二)语法填空（共12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词或括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完 整。 In most parts of China,there 1. (be)four clear seasons.Spring usually 2. (begin)in March.The weather 3. (get)warm and everything starts to grow.Many people like to go hiking because they can enjoy the beautiful flowers and green trees. Summer 4. (come)after spring.It is the hottest season.The sun always 5. (shine)brightly.It often 6. (rain)heavily,especially in July.Sometimes there 7. (be)terrible storms. Autumn is a cool season.The temperature 8. (drop)quickly.Leaves on the trees 9. (change)from green to yellow or red.This is why autumn is also called "fall". Farmers are usually very busy because they 10.(harvest)the crops in this season Winter is the coldest season.In the north,it usually 11. (snow)a lot.The world 12. (become)white and beautiful.Children enjoy making snowmen and having snowball fights. (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.一年有四个季节。 There in a year. 2.南京的秋天凉爽而干燥。 Autumn in Nanjing and dry. 3.冬天白昼变短，夜晚变长。 The days and the nights become longer in winter. 4.冬天去哈尔滨的游客通常穿很厚的衣服。 Visitors to Harbin in winter usually thick clothes. 5.当春天来临时，鸟儿开始唱歌。 When spring comes,the birds 6我的家乡夏天经常下雨。 It often in my hometown in summer. 7.太阳从西边落下是一个自然现象。 The sun in the west is a natural phenomenon. 8这个地区每年有大量的降雨吗？ a lot of rain in this area every year? 9,在炎热的夏天，人们喜欢游泳和吃冰淇淋。 In hot summer,people like and eating ice cream. 10.这件毛衣摸起来很柔软，是用羊毛做的。 This sweater soft and it is made of wool. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.B9.A;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.are 2.begins 3.gets 4.comes j5.shines 6.rains 7.are ,8.drops 填空 9.change 10.harvest 11.snows 12.becomes (三)完成 1.are four seasons 2.is cool 3.get shorter 4.wear 5.begin to sing 6.rains 句子 7.goes down/sets 8.Is there 9.swimming 10.feels