Unit 5 Wild animals-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 5 Wild animals 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★动词+to-infinitive表意愿与目的的用法 ★动词+object+to-infinitive结构 语法精讲精练一 1.动词不定式的定义与功能 定义：动词不定式(to-infinitive)是“to+动词原形”的结构，在句中可作宾语、目的状 语、宾语补足语、主语、定语等。 核心考点：本讲重点学习to-infinitive作宾语（表意愿）和作目的状语（表目的）。这是中 考最常考的两种功能。 2.动词+to-infinitive表意愿（作宾语） 结构：主语+表意愿的动词+to do something 常见动词（需记忆，中考高频）： 动词 含义 示例 want 想要 I want to learn English. hope 希望 She hopes to visit Beijing. wish 祝愿/希望 He wishes to be a doctor plan 计划 They plan to travel abroad. decide 决定 We decided to stay at home. agree 同意 Tom agreed to help me. refuse 拒绝 She refused to answer. would like 想要（比want更礼貌） I'd like to have a cup of tea. expect 期待/预料 We expect to finish early learn 学会（做某事） He learned to swim last summer y 试图/努力 Please try to do your best. 考点提示： 以上动词后必须跟todo,不能跟doing(少数动词如lke/stat可跟两者，但含义不同，此处不 混)。 否定形式：在to前加mot→decide not to do/agree not to do等。 中考常以固定搭配形式出现在单选、语法填空和完成句子中。 3.动词+to-infinitive表目的（作目的状语) 结构：主句+to-infinitive（表示做某事的目的) 特点：todo说明前面动作的目的或意图，翻译为“为了…” 两种常见形式： 形式 含义 示例 一般不定式 为了… He got up early to catch the bus. She studies hard in order to get a good job.(in order to可放句 in order to so as to 为了…（更正式） He spoke loudly so as to be heard.(so as to不放句首) 易错提醒： 目的状语的位置：通常放在句末，强调时可放句首（用逗号隔开）。 例：To improve my English,I read every day. 否定形式：in order not to/so as not to He walked quietly in order not to wake up his baby. 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)want to do vs.want sb.to do want to do:自己想做某事 例：I want to go swimming want sb.todo:想要某人做某事 例：My mother wants me to clean my1oom. 类似的动词还有：would like sb.todo,expect sb.todo,tell sb.todo,ask sb.todo等。 注意：这些结构中的todo是宾语补足语，不是作宾语，但初中常混在“动词+todo题型 中，需区分。 (2)forget/remember+to do vs.+doing forget/remember to do:忘记/记得要去做某事（未做） 例：Don't forget to lock the door.(记得要锁门，门还没锁) forget/remember doing：忘记/记得做过某事（已做） 例：I remember closing the window.(我记得关过窗户，已关) 中考提示：这两组常出现在完形填空和单项选择中，靠上下文语境判断动作是否发生。 (3)stop +to do vs.stop doing stop to do:停下来去做另一件事(todo作目的状语) 例：He stopped to have a rest.(停下原来的事，去休息) stop doing:停止正在做的事 例：He stopped talking.（停止说话) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题8-10小题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.-What does your sister want to do this weekend?-She to visit the museum with me A.hopes B.hoped C.will hope D.is hoping 2.My father decided a new car because the old one broke down. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.bought 3.Please remember the door when you leave. A.close B.closing C.to close D.closed 4.-Why did you get up so early this momning?- the first bus. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 5.The little girl refused the medicine because it tasted terrible. A.take B.taking C.to take D.took 6.I'm sorry I forgot my homework to school.I'll bring it tomorrow. A.bring B.bringing C.to bring D.brought 7.They stopped when the teacher came into the classroom. A.talk B.talking C.to talk D.talked 8.Tom learned a bike when he was six years old. A.ride B.riding C.to ride D.rides 9.-What do you plan during the summer holiday? A.do B.doing C.to do D.done 10.In order the math exam,he stayed up late last night. A.pass B.passing C.to pass D.passed (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,my family decided 1. (go)to the park.I was very excited because I wanted 2 (fly)a kite there.My mother agreed 3. (buy)me a new kite.I hoped 4. (get)a big one with a dragon pattern. In the park,we found a large area.I ran quickly 5. (make)the kite fly high.But the kite fell down again and again.My father taught me 6. (do)it correctly.He said,"You need 7. (hold)the sting tight and run against the wind." I tried 8. (follow)his advice.Finally,the kite flew high in the sky!I was so happy that I forgot 9. (take)a photo.But my mother had already taken one.She always remembers 10. (record)every happy moment. (三)完成句子 1.他打算明天去图书馆。He to the library tomorrow. 2.她努力学习是为了通过考试。She studies hard the exam. 3.老师要求我们不要在教室里跑。The teacher asked us in the classroom 4.请记得把你的作业带来。Please remember your homework. 5.他们停下来休息了一会儿。They stopped for a while. 6为了准时到达，他叫了一辆出租车。 arrive on time.he called a taxi. 7.我决定不再玩电脑游戏了。I decided computer games any more. 8.她希望有一天能环游世界。She hopes around the world one day. 9.这个男孩拒绝和那个女孩分享他的糖果。The boy1 efused his candies with that girl. 10.我们计划下周去野营。We plan next week 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C3.C;4.C;5.C;6.C;7.B;8.C;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.to go 2.to fly 3.to buy 4.to get 5.to make 6.to do 7.to hold 8.to follow 填空 9.to take 10.to record (三)完成 1.plans to go 2.in order to pass so as to pass 3.not to run 4.to bring 5.to have a 句子 rest;6.In order to 7.not to play 8.to travel 9.to share;10.to go camping 语法精讲精练二 1.结构定义与功能 定义：该结构指某些动词后先接一个宾语（通常为名词或代词），再接一个带o的不定 式短语，用来补充说明宾语要做的动作。 核心功能：表示“让/叫/请/告诉/要求/希望某人做某事”。 结构公式 动词+宾语+to do sth. 表达对宾语发出的指令、请求、建议、邀请 功能 或期望等。 2.常见动词分类（四大核心考点) (1)表示“命令/请求/建议”类（中考高频） 常见动词：tell,ask,order,advise,invite,beg,wam 结构：tell/ask.+sb.+to do sth. 例： The teacher told us to finish homework on time.（老师告诉我们按时完成作业。) He asked me to help him with his English.(他请求我帮他学英语。) (2)表示“允许/禁止”类 常见动词：alow,permit,.forbid 结构：allow/forbid.+sb.+to do sth 例： My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour:.(我父母允许我看一小时电视。) The school forbids students to smoke.(学校禁止学生吸烟。) (3)表示“告诉/教/期望”类 常见动词：teach,show,expect,wish,encourage 结构：teach/expect..+sb.+to do sth. 例： My father taught me to swim when I was young.(我爸爸在我小时候教我游泳。) My parents expect me to get good grades.(我父母期望我取得好成绩。) (④)特殊结构：感官动词/使役动词（不带to,但变被动语态要加to) 类别 常见动词 主动语态 被动语态 see,watch,hear, 感官动词 see sb.do sth. sb.is seen to do sth. notice,feel 使役动词 make,let,have make sb.do sth. sb.is made to do sth. 例： I saw him play basketball.→主动（我看见他打篮球。） He was seen to play basketball.→被动（有人看见他打篮球了。） The joke made us laugh.→主动（这个笑话让我们大笑。） We were made to laugh by the joke.→被动（我们被这个笑话逗笑了。） 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (I)动词+object+to-infinitive vs.动词+doing 动词 接todo含义 接doing含义 stop stop to do停下来去做某事 stop doing停止做某事 remember to do记得要做某事 remember doing记得做过某事 remember (未做) (已做) forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing忘记做过某事 forget (未做) (已做) y y to do尽力去做某事 ty doing尝试做某事 例： He stopped to smoke..(他停下来去抽烟。)/ He stopped smoking.(他停止抽烟了。)√ Please remember to lock the door.(请记得锁门。)√ I remembered posting the letter.(我记得寄过信。)/ (2)动词+宾语+to-infinitive vs.动词+that从句 动词+宾语+to-infinitive:强调动作的执行者，简洁直接。 例：I told him to come here..(我告诉他来这里。) 动词+that从句：可表达更复杂的信息，突出整个事件。 例：I told him that he should come here.(我告诉他他应该来这里。) (3)否定形式的to-infinitive 结构：动词+宾语+not to do sth. 例： The doctor advised him not to smoke any more. (医生劝他不要再抽烟了。） I warned you not to touch it..(我警告过你不要碰它。) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher often tells us in the river alone.It's dangerous. A.not swim B.to not swim C.not to swim D.don't swim 2.My mother asked me my room before dinner. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 3.I saw a little boy on the playground when I passed by A.cries B.to cry C.crying D.cried 4.The funny story made all of us happily A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughing 5.-What did your father say?-He told me late for school again. A.don't B.not to C.didn't D.to not 6.The doctor advised my grandfather running every morning to keep healthy. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 7.We are not allowed phones in class. A.use B.to use C.using D.used 8.I expect my best friend at the party this Saturday. A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen 9.The manager encourages his employees new ideas A.come up with B.to come up with C.coming up with D.came up with 10.The students were seen the school library after school A.enter B.to enter C.entering D.entered (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 1.My mother often asks me (do)my homework first after school. 2.The teacher told us (not be)late for the meeting. 3.I saw a cat (sleep)under the tree when I walked home. 4.The strict rules made the students (work)harder. 5.My parents expect me (become)a doctor in the future. 6.The police warned the driver (not park)his car here. 7.Please remember (lock)the door when you leave 8.The host invited all the guests(stay)for dinner. 9.She taught her little brother (ride)a bike last summer. 10.Children are often heard (sing)in the next room. (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.老师要求我们每天读英语。 The teacher asks read English every day 2.他的父母不允许他晚上出去。 His parents don't him out at night. 3这个笑话逗得我们大笑不止。 The joke laugh without stopping 4.我看到她正在教室门口等你。 I her for you at the door of the classroom. 5.医生建议他戒烟。 The doctor advised smoking 6请告诉孩子们不要在街上踢球。 Please tell the children football in the street. 7她教了我如何做这道菜。 She taught how this dish. 8.我们期望他明天能来参加我们的聚会。 We come to our party tomorrow. 9.禁止学生在教室里吃东西。 Students are forbidden in the classroom. 10.那个男人被看到偷了别人的钱包。 That man was seen a wallet from someone else. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给动词的适 1.to do 2.not to be 3.sleeping 4.work 5.to become 6.not to park ;7.to 当形式填空 lock 8.to stay 9.to ride 10.singing/to sing (三)完成 1.us to 2.allow,to go 3.made us 4.saw;waiting 5.him to give up /him to 句子 stop 6.not to play 7.me;to cook/make 8.expect him to 9.to eat 10.to steal