Unit 7 the natural world Welcome to the unit学案 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案围绕“Unit 7 The Natural World”展开，引导学生学习自然世界相关核心词汇（如coral, ecosystem, wetland等）、重点句型（如be home to..., so...that..., 宾语从句）及环保主题表达，通过单词用法搭配、趣味知识文本和对话情境，构建从词汇积累到句型运用再到语用实践的学习支架，连接基础语言知识与主题意义理解。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，单词讲解结合搭配和例句助力精准表达（语言能力），趣味知识与对话中的逻辑对比（如but转折揭示实质）引导深度思考（思维品质），多样化练习（词汇填空、句型转换、阅读理解）及环保主题渗透，提升自主学习效率（学习能力），同时通过“善待地球”等主题增强生态意识，符合人类命运共同体理念，适配初中英语教学需求。

八年级译林版英语 Unit 7 The Naturlal World Welcome to the unit 一、单词讲解 单词 词性 中文释义 用法与搭配 例句 coral n. 珊瑚 通常作不可数名词；常见搭配：coral reef（珊瑚礁） The coral in this area is very colorful. reef n. 礁 可数名词；常见搭配：coral reef（珊瑚礁） We went snorkeling near the reef. penguin n. 企鹅 可数名词 Penguins live mostly in cold places like Antarctica. ecosystem n. 生态系统 可数名词；常用搭配：marine ecosystem（海洋生态系统） Polluting the river harms the whole ecosystem. climate n. 气候 可数/不可数名词；常用搭配：climate change（气候变化） The climate here is warm and dry. wetland n. 湿地 可数名词，常用复数 wetlands Many birds live in the wetlands. include v. 包括 及物动词，后接名词或动名词；常用搭配：include sth in The price includes breakfast. non-living adj. 非生物的 通常作定语修饰名词；反义词：living Rocks and water are non-living things. pond n. 池塘 可数名词 There are fish in the garden pond. around adv./prep. 大约；在周围 作副词表示“大约”；作介词表示“在…周围” There were around 50 people. / She walked around the park. hold v. 容纳；握着；举行 多义动词；常见搭配：hold a meeting（举行会议） hold hands（牵手） hold water（盛水；站得住脚） This bottle holds one liter. / They will hold a party next week. return v. 返回；归还 不及物动词：return to（返回某地） 及物动词：return sth to sb（归还某物） He returned home at 8 PM. / Please return the book to the library. 二、内容分析 1.单元目标文本 (Unit Goals) To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 动词不定式作主语和表语 高级句型：句子结构为 To do A is to do B。用不定式抽象地表示行为，使表达充满哲理性，意为“善待A即是善待B”。 2.趣味知识文本 (Fun Facts) Rainforests are home to over half of all the types of animals and plants on earth. (be) home to... (再次出现) 再现与强化：此搭配在单元中反复出现，是必须掌握的核心表达，用于说明某地的生物多样性。 Coral reefs look like rocks, but they support a lot of life... 1. 主系表 (look like) 2. 转折连词 but 1. 语法：look like 表示“看起来像”，描述外观。 2. 逻辑：but 进行转折，揭示其与外观相反的实质功能，形成认知对比。 Grasslands often lie between deserts and forests. 频度副词 + 动词短语 语法与词汇：often 置于实义动词前，表示“通常”；lie between A and B 描述地理位置的“位于A和B之间”。 The ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins. 1. (be) home to... 2. 介词 like 举例 1. 搭配：第三次出现，巩固记忆。 2. 词汇：like 在此作介词，意为“例如，像…这样的”，用于引出例子。 3.对话文本 (Dialogue between Kitty and David) I know that grasslands ... are home to different animals. 1. 宾语从句 2. (be) home to... 1. 语法：know that + 陈述句 构成宾语从句，表达所知内容。that 可省略。 2. 搭配：are home to 意为“是…的家园”。 In Inner Mongolia, there are horses and cows, but in Africa, there are lions and giraffes. 1. There be 句型 2. 并列连词 but 1. 语法：There are... 描述某地存在某物。 2. 逻辑：but 连接两个分句，形成对比，突出不同草原生态的差异。 Well, it’s very dry in deserts because there’s little rain. 1. 主系表结构 + 原因状语从句 2. 数量词 little 1. 语法：because 引导原因状语从句，解释沙漠干燥的直接原因。 2. 词汇：little 修饰不可数名词 rain，表示“几乎没有”。 The climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. so...that... 引导的结果状语从句 核心句型：so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句。表示“如此…以至于…”，强调恶劣气候导致的直接结果。 The desert plants keep water in their leaves, and many animals there get water from these plants. 1. 并列句 (and) 2. 动词短语 1. 结构：and 连接两个并列分句，说明植物和动物之间的依存关系。 2. 搭配：keep...in...（将…储存在…）；get...from...（从…获取…）。 三、题目练习 Ⅰ 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示，写出各单词的正确形式，每空一词 1. Tropical rainforests have high temperatures and heavy ________ (降雨量) all year round. 2. We should protect ________ (湿地) because they are important for cleaning water and providing homes for birds. 3. The ________ (生态系统) of a coral reef is very delicate and can be easily damaged by pollution. 4. — What large bird, living in cold places, cannot fly but is an excellent swimmer? — It's a p________. 5. The Sahara in Africa is the world's largest hot d________, where temperatures can be extremely high during the day. Ⅱ 请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 6. Many ________ (penguin) live together in large groups called colonies to keep warm in Antarctica. 7. There is a big ________ (different) in temperature between day and night in the desert. 8. In autumn, the ________ (leaf) of maple trees turn red and yellow, making the hillside very beautiful. 9. Our teacher gave us several helpful ________ (suggest) on how to protect the environment in our daily life. Ⅲ 单项选择 10. — Many volunteers are working hard to ________ the forests and plant more trees. — That's great! We all need a healthy natural world. A. destroy B. support C. notice D. leave 11. — The air is so fresh in the forest. Is there ________ special we can do to help keep it clean? — Yes, we should promise not to litter. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 12. Look at that animal over there! It ________ a small bear, but actually it's a very large rodent called a capybara. A. looks like B. looks C. looks at D. looks for 13. — Where is the new nature reserve? — It's ________ the mountains ________ the river, providing a perfect corridor for wildlife. A. from; to B. both; and C. between; and D. next; to Ⅳ 按要求完成句子（每空一词） 14. There is some water in the bottle on the table. (改为一般疑问句) ______ ______ ______ water in the bottle on the table? 15. The documentary is very wonderful. A lot of people want to watch it. (合并为一句) The documentary is ______ wonderful ______ a lot of people want to watch it. 16. Polar bears live in the Arctic because they can find food there. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ polar bears live in the Arctic? 17. Over 60 per cent of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean. (改为同义句) ______ ______ ______ of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean. 四、阅读理解 Nature's giants When thinking of giant animals, dinosaurs might be the first creatures you think of. But before the dinosaurs became extinct, and before the first ever humans existed, there was megafauna. In zoology, this means large animals. One of the largest known mammals to have ever walked the Earth is the Paraceratherium – picture a gigantic hornless rhino, and you'll have a rough idea of what they looked like. They lived around 25 million years ago and were most common in areas of the world that are now part of Asia, such as China, India and Kazakhstan. From excavated fossils, these creatures are estimated to have been almost six metres tall – that's the height of two buses on top of each other! And it's not just land enormous creatures lived on – they were in the skies and oceans too. The Argentavis is the largest flying bird to have been discovered. It lived until around six million years ago and had a wingspan of seven metres, over twice the size of the Andean condor, which is one of the largest birds on Earth today. And we can't forget the giant shark that roamed the oceans, megalodon. Imagine swimming in the sea and coming across an 18-metre-long shark! Don't worry. They died out around 2.6 million years ago. So, why were pre-historic animals so huge? There are a number of reasons. One is that, in the past, resources were more plentiful, so species were able to grow larger because they could eat more. Scientists also believe that during certain periods of history, such as in the Carboniferous period, there were higher oxygen levels on Earth. At this time, some insects grew to the size of cars because of better oxygen delivery in their tracheal system, the network of tubes that enable insects to breathe. Can you picture animals being so huge today? 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Dinosaurs were the largest animals in Earth's history. B. It explains what megafauna is and gives examples of giant prehistoric animals and possible reasons for their size. C. The Paraceratherium was a giant rhino that lived in Asia millions of years ago. D. Higher oxygen levels in the past only made insects bigger. 2. According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A. Megalodon sharks still exist in deep oceans today. B. All prehistoric animals were huge because they had more food and oxygen. C. The tracheal system helped some prehistoric insects grow very large. D. The Argentavis had a wingspan smaller than that of the modern Andean condor. 3. How tall was the Paraceratherium estimated to be? A. About as tall as a modern bus. B. Almost six metres tall, like two stacked buses. C. Over seven metres tall, taller than Argentavis's wingspan. D. Eighteen metres long, similar to the megalodon. 4. According to the passage, why were some prehistoric animals so large? A. Because they were smarter than animals today. B. Mainly because there were no humans to hunt them. C. Because resources were more plentiful and, at times, oxygen levels were higher. D. Because the weather was much warmer in the past. The Environmental Impact of Christmas Trees The environmental pros and cons of Christmas trees go far beyond the simple “real vs. a______（1）” debate. Real trees are grown on plantations, often for about ten years before c______（2）. During this time, they can support local economies and even provide habitats for wildlife, thus contributing to n______（3）. However, these plantations sometimes use fertilizers and c______（4）, which have their own environmental costs. In terms of climate impact, growing trees take in carbon, but this is later g______（5） off when the tree decays. The disposal method is crucial—landfill leads to harmful gas, while composting or chipping is better. Artificial trees, usually made of plastic, have a much higher initial carbon f______（6）. To be more eco-friendly than a real tree, they must be reused for many years—often a d______（7） or more. The most sustainable c______（8） include renting a potted tree, planting a tree after use, or ensuring a cut tree is locally sourced and properly r______（9）. Overall, Christmas trees, though a small part of global environmental issues, offer a meaningful way to t______（10） about sustainable living and land use. 答案 三、 1. rainfall 2. wetlands 3. ecosystem 4. Penguin 5. desert 6. penguins 7. difference 8. leaves 9. suggestions 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. Is there any 15. so; that 16. Why do 17. More than half 四、BCBC artificial 解析：与“real”（真的）相对，指“人造的”，对应文中反复比较的“塑料树”。 Cutting 解析：指树木被“收割”或“砍伐”，符合种植周期的语境。 Nature 解析：意为“生物多样性”，是文中讨论圣诞树种植园可能带来的生态益处之一。 Chemicals 解析：与“fertilizers”（肥料）并列，指“杀虫剂/农药”，是种植过程中可能使用的化学物质。 released 解析：指碳被“释放”回大气，描述树木分解过程中的碳循环。 footprint 解析：“carbon footprint”（碳足迹）为固定搭配，指温室气体排放总量。 decade 解析：意为“十年”，文中指出人造树需使用如此之久才能在环保方面优于真树。 choices 解析：指可持续的“选择”或“选项”，总结上文提到的几种环保做法。 recycled 解析：指使树木被“回收利用”，如制成木屑，是文末推荐的处置方式之一。 think 解析：“to think about”为常用搭配，意为“思考”，对应文章结尾提出的反思可持续消费。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $