Unit 4 Hands-on fun-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 4 Hands-on fun 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆祈使句的肯定与否定形式 ★should和had better表建议的用法 语法精讲精练一 1.析使句的定义与功能 定义：祈使句(Imperative Sentence)用于表达命令、请求、建议、警告、禁止等语气，主 语通常省略(yo),谓语动词用原形。 核心考点：祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式是中考基础考点，常与“Domt/Never/No+动 名词”结构结合考查。 2.祈使句的基本用法（四大考点） (1)肯定祈使句 结构 例句 说明 动词原形开头 Sit down,please. 最常见的肯定形式 动词原形+宾 Open the door./Listen carefully. 可带宾语或状语 语/状语 加Please表客 Please come in./Pass me the book, please可放句首或句尾，句尾前加逗号 气 please. Let's/Let us 表建议或允许，Let's包括对方，Let us Let's go./Let him try. 动词原形 不包括 ★肯定析使句动词前不加to,也不加第三人称单数-$。 (2)否定祈使句 结构 例句 说明 Dont+动词原 Don't run in the hall. 最常用否定结构，口语、书面均使用 形 Never+动词原 Never give up. 语气更强，表“绝不” 形 No+动名词 No smoking./No photos 常见于标志、标语，省略动词 (名词) Let's /Let us not Let's not be late./Let us not quarrel. 否定建议，Let'snot较常见 +动词原形 ★否定析使句中Dot已含否定意味，动词后不重复加任何否定词。 (3)祈使句的反意疑问句（中考常考） 情况 结构 例句 肯定祈使句 动词原形…，will you? Open the window,will you? 否定祈使句 Don't...,will you? Don't be late,will you? Let's... Let's...,shall we? Let's go,shall we? Let us... Let us ...will you? Let us have a rest,will you? 考点：Lets与Letus的反意疑问句不同，需根据是否包括对方选择shall we/will youo (4)祈使句的主语强调（补充考点） 有时为了明确对象或加强语气，可在句首加上主语(you,somebody等)。 You clean the kitchen./Somebody open the door 但祈使句默认省略主语，添加主语后仍用动词原形。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 易混点 区别 例句 例：Come here. (祈使句) 祈使句动词原形开头，无时态变化；陈 祈使句vs陈述 述句有主语和谓语动词（时态、人称变 He comes here. (陈述句) 句 化)。 考点：判断语境是命令/请求还是客观 描述。 Don't+动词原 Dont+动词原形强调动作禁止，用于完 例：Don't touch the painting. (完整禁 形vsNo+动 整句子；No+动名词/名词用于警示 止) 名词 牌、标题。 No parking here.(标志) 考点：N0+动名词不能用于带宾语的 完整祈使句。 例：Work hard,.and you will succeed. 祈使句+ and表示顺承，or表示转折。 Hurry up,or you will miss the bus. and/or+简单句 考点：中考常考and/or的选择。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题8-10小题，共三大题） (一)单项选择 1. late for school again. A.Not be B.Don't be C.Not to be D.Don't 2. the lights before you leave the classroom A.Tum off B.Turning off C.To turn off D.Turned off 3.Let's a rest,shall we? A.to have B.having C.have D.had 4. play football on the street.It's dangerous. A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Never to 5.-Please in the libraly. A.quiet B.be quiet C.to be quiet D.being quiet 6. careful!The floor is wet. A.Be B.To be C.Being D.Is 7.Let us do it by ourselves, 2 A.shall we B.will you C.don't we D.won't you 8. smoke here.Look at the sign "No smoking". A.Not B.Don't C.No D.Never to 9. your ticket,please. A.Show B.Showing C.To show D.Shows 10.Don't the window when the bus is moving. A.opening B.open C.to open D.opened (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。每空一词，注意祈使 句结构。 Every morning,Mom says to me,"1. (get)up quickly,or you will be late."I often answer, 2 (not,wory),Mom.I can manage."She always adds,"3. (remember)to have breakfast!"I nod and huny to the kitchen. At school,the teacher often tells us,"4. (not,run)in the hallways.5. (walk)slowly." She also says,"6. (be)polite to everyone."During the break,my firiend Jack says to me, c7. dlet,we)play basketball after school."I reply,"8. (not,forget)our homework first!" On the way home,I see a sign:"9 (no,park)!"That reminds me of my dad's words: 10. (never,leave)your bike in the wrong place." (三)完成句子 1.请把门打开。 the door,please. 2.不要在教室里大声说话。 loudly in the classroom 3.让我们一起去游泳吧，好吗？ swimming together, 4.别让他进来。 him 5.马上关掉水龙头。 the tap right now. 6这里禁止停车。 here. 7.你如果努力，就会成功。 Work hard. you will succeed. 8.快点，否则你会赶不上公交车。Hyup, you will miss the bus. 9.请不要在图书馆吃东西。Please in the library. 10.永远不要放弃你的梦想。 up your dream. 三、参考答案 （一）)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.A;7B;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.Get 2.Don't worry 3.Remember 4.Don't run 5.Walk 6.Be 7.Let us /Let's; 填空 8.Don't forget 9.No parking 10.Never leave (三)完成 1.Open 2.Don't speak 3.Let's go;shall we 4.Don't let;in 5.Turn off 6.No 句子 parking 7.and 8.or 9.don't eat 10.Never give 章 语法精讲精练二 1.基本含义与句型结构 情态动词 含义 句型结构 例句 You should drink more 应该（提出建议或劝 主语+should+动词 should water..（你应该多喝 告，语气较温和) 原形+其他 水。) 最好（提出强烈建 主语+had better+ You had better go now. had better 议，常用于口语，带 (你最好现在就 动词原形+其他 有警告或催促意味) 走。) 注意 had better常缩写为'd better >You'd better finish your homework first. 所有人称(I/you/he/she/we/they)都用had better,不随人称变化。 否定式： should否定：主语+should not(shouldn't)+动词原形 >You shouldn't stay up late had better否定：主语+had better not+动词原形 >You'd better not eat too much junk food. 2.疑问句 情态动词 疑问句结构 例句 Should+主语+动词原形+ Should I call him now?(我现 should 其他？ 在应该给他打电话吗？) Had better+主语+动词原形 Had I better lock the door? had better +其他？（较少用于正式疑 最好锁门吗？) 问，但在口语中可见) 注意 问句常用should。 回答时可用Yes,you should./No,you shouldn't. 3.核心考点与区别 对比点 should had better 较弱，表示“应该”，更客 较强，表示“最好”，带有 语气强度 观、礼貌 警告、催促、紧迫感 日常建议、责任、义务、推 强烈建议、警告、紧急情 应用场景 测 况、亲近口语 否定形式 shouldn't+动词原形 had better not+动词原形 You should.../We should.../ 常见搭配 You'd better...We'd better... He should... ①容易与must混淆(must ①否定时not放在better后 常见陷阱 语气更强，表示必须)② ②后跟动词原形，不可加o 疑问句主语后不加to 或ing 例句对比 You should see a doctor.（你应该去看医生。 般建议) You'd better see a doctor..(你最好去看医生。一一情况可能严重，催促) 4.常见易错点（中考高频） ★易错点l:had better后误接todo You'd better to go to bed early. You'd better go to bed early. ★易错点2：否定式位置错误 口You'd better not to go.（多加了to) 口You'ddon't better go.（否定词位置错) √You'd better not go. ★易错点3：should与had better混用 should用于较正式、客观的建议；had better用于口语、紧急或亲密建议。 >对朋友说“You'd better hurry up!”很自然；对老师一般说“You should arrive on time.” ★易错点4：问句回答不一致 问句用should,回答也用should或had better均可，但需保持情态动词一致。 >Should I take an umbrella?-Yes,you'd beiter.(口语中常见，但严格应说Yes,you should.考试中常考should回答用should) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-I feel a bit cold -You put on your coat A.had better B.had better to C.should to D.hadn't better 2.You look tired.You go to bed right now. A.should B.shouldn't C.had better not D.would better 3. I tell him the truth? -Yes,I think you should. A.Had B.Should C.Would D.Must 4.It's raining heavily.You'd better out A.not go B.not to go C.don't go D.to not go 5.-I have a headache -You take some medicine. A.had better B.had better not C.would better D.should to 6.We arrive on time for the meeting tomorrow. A.had better to B.should C.should to D.had better not 7.-My room is so messy -You clean it up at once. A.had better B.had better not C.hadn't better D.don't better 8.— we ask the teacher for help? -Goodidea. A.Had B.Should C.Would D.Could 9.The doctor says you eat too much fast food. A.should B.shouldn't C.had better D.had better not to 10.You'd better late for school again A.not be B.not to be C.be not D.don't be (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式（如需情态动词，直接填写原词 或否定形式)，使短文通顺、完整。 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you feel tired these days.As your friend,I think you 1. (should)take a good rest.You look pale,so you'd better 2. (not stay)up late.Also, you 3. (should)drink more water every day.It is good for your health Last week,I had a similar problem.My mother told me that I 4. (had better) exercise more.She said,"You'd better 5. (go)for a walk after dinner."I followed her advice and now I feel much better. You know,we students often sit too long.So we 6. (should)stand up and move around every hour.If you don't feel well tomorrow,you 7. (had better)see a doctor. Remember:you 8. (should not)be too worried about the exams.Take it easy and everything will be fine. Yours, Li Hua (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.你最好现在开始做作业。 You your homework now. 2.你不应该上学迟到。 You for school. 3.我们最好明天早上六点出发。 We at six tomorrow morning. 4.他应该多听英语歌曲来提高听力。 He more English songs to improve his listening 5.你最好不要吃太多冰淇淋。 You'd too much ice cream. 6我该给他打电话吗？ call him? 7.你最好别一个人去游泳。 You go swimming alone. 8.学生们应该每天坚持阅读。 Students reading every day. 9.一我感冒了。一你最好多喝水。 -I have a cold.-You'd more water. 10.你最好不要在房间里踢足球。 You football in the room 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A (二)语法 1.should 2.not stay ,3.should 4.had better 5.go 6.should 7.had better 填空 8.should not/shouldn't (三)完成 1.had better start/begin 2.should not be late ;3.had better set off/leave; 句子 4.should listen to 5.better not eat 6.Should I 7.had better not 8.should keep/ keep up ;9.better drink 10.had better not play