Unit 5 A healthy lifestyle-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（译林版）

Unit 5 A healthy lifestyle 语法专项 语法概览 ★可数名词与不可数名词 ★some/any的用法 语法精讲精练一 1.名词的定义与分类 定义：名词(Nou)是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词。 考点：名词按“是否可数”分为可数名词(Countable noun)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nom)。这是中考最基础的判定点，直接影响冠词、数量词和主谓一致的选择。 2. 可数名词与不可数名词的基本用法（四大核心考点） 考点类别 可数名词 不可数名词 中考重点提示 ★永远记住：不可数名 ①定义与特 有复数形式，可用数字直 无复数形式，不可用数字 词没有复数形式，不能加 征 接计数 直接计数 -s/-eSo a/an、many、afew、 much、a little、little、a ②常见搭配 √many+可数复数： few、several、.a number 词 great deal of some/any much+不可数。 of (量不确定时) 需借助量词（单位词）： 量词有复数：two 直接用数词：one book, ③计数方式 a piece of...,a cup of....a pieces of paper,three two books bag of... cups of coffeeo 视情况决定可数与不可 部分名词既可是可数也可 数：orange橙子（可数）/ ④中考易混 是不可数，意义不同 ★中考常考“词义不同 点 橙汁（不可数）；glass玻 导致可数性不同”的辨 (如：chicken小鸡/鸡 肉，room房间/空间) 璃杯（可数）/玻璃（不 析。 可数) 3.可数名词的复数变化规则（中考高频） 规则 例词 特殊情况 一般加-s book→books,girl→girls 以s,X,sh, bus→buses,.box→boxes,bush→ ch结尾加 brushes,watch-watches es 以“辅音 +y结尾，变 以“元音+y”结尾直接加-s:boy→ city→cities,baby→babies y为i加 boys es 以f或fe 结尾，变 leaf→leaves,knife→knives 注意：roof→roofs(少数直接加-s) ffe为v加 -es 有生命加-es:potato→potatoes, 以0结尾 tomato→tomatoes无生命加-s:photo 中考常考potato,tomato的复数。 →photos,piano→pianos man→men,woman→women,child→ 不规则变化 children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth, ★需单独记忆，每年必考。 mouse→mice 4. 不可数名词的常见类别与量词搭配（中考中档） 常见不可数名词类别： 液体：water,.milk,juice,.tea,coffee 固体/粉末：ice,bread,meat,sugar,salt,paper,wood 抽象概念：information,news,advice,knowledge,.homework,.weather,.music,.time 自然物质：air,sunlight,rain,snow 量词结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词 量词 搭配举例 a piece of a piece of paper/advice/news/information a cup of/a glass of a cup of tea,a glass of milk a bottle of a bottle of water a bowl of a bowl ofrice a bag of a bag of sugar a loaf of a loaf of bread a pair of shoes/glasses (注意：shoes,,glasses本身是可数复数，但a pair of结构后接复 a pair of 数名词，谓语用单数) 5.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 对比项 用法 例句 I want some water./Do you have any some用于肯定句或期望肯定回答的疑 ④some vs any apples?/Would you like some coffee? 问句；any用于否定句和一般疑问句 (邀请句) ②many vs many+可数复数；much+不可数 How many books?/How much water? much ③afew/few afew=一些”（肯定）；few=“几乎 I have a few friends.(有朋友)/I have (可数) 没有”（否定） few friends.(朋友很少) ④a little/little a little=“一点”（肯定）；little=“几 There is a little milk.(有-点)/There (不可数) 乎没有”（否定） is little milk.(几乎没有了) ⑤how many vs how many+可数复数；how much+不 How many students?/How much rice?/ how much 可数（也可问价格） How much is this book? apple tree(apple单数)/sports 通常用单数形式（除man,woman等 meeting(sports固定)/注意：woman ⑥名词作定语 特殊情况) teacher→women teachers(前后都变 复数) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一）单项选择 1.-How much do we need? A.apple B.apples C.sugar D.oranges 2.There are in the fridge.Let's make a fruit salad. A.much apples B.many apples C.much apple D.many apple 3.-Would you like orange juice?-Yes,please.Just a little. A.any B.some C.many D.few 4.The teacher gave us on how to learn English well A.an advice B.some advices C.a piece ofadvice D.many advices 5.There is little in the bottle.Could you buy some? A.milk B.eggs C.books D.pens 6 people went to the concert last night.It was a great success. A.Much B.Few C.A little D.A number of 7.My father bought me new shoes.They are very comfortable. A.a pair of B.a piece of C.a glass of D.a cup of 8.-How many do you want?-Three,please. A.bread B.milk C.tomato D.tomatoes 9.He has fiends here,so he often feels lonely. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 10.-Mum,I'm hungry.Is there bread?-Sony,there isn't But I can buy some. A.some;some B.any,any C.some;any D.any;some (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，或根据上下文填入合适的词（每空 一词)，使短文通顺、完整。 Today is Sunday.The weather is fine.My family are having a picnic in the park.We bring 1. (many)food and drinks.My mother prepares 2. (sandwich)and 3.(some)bottles of water.My father takes two 4. (glass)ofjuice and a big cake. I want to eat 5. (a)apple,but I find there are only 6. (few)apples left.I ask my mother,"Can I have 7. (some)oranges?"She gives me three 8.(orange).They are very sweet. After the meal,I feel thirsty.I drink 9. (a little)water.Then we play games.We have a good time.Today is really a 10. (wonder)day！ (三)完成句子 1.杯子里没有牛奶了。请给我一些水。Thee milk in the cup.Please give me water. 2.我们桌上有三杯茶和两片面包。There are three tea and two bread on our table 3.你每天应该喝足够的水，这样对身体有好处。 You should drink water every day.It's good your health 4.这个商店里有大量的水果和蔬菜。There fruits and vegetables in this shop 5.我几乎没有时间和你聊天，因为我要准备考试。I have time to chat with you,because I have to prepare the exam. 6.你能给我一些建议吗？关于如何提高英语听力。Can you give me 2 how to improve English listening. 7.孩子们在操场上玩得很开心，他们中的一些人正在打篮球。The children are having good time on the playground of them are playing basketball. 8我们需要多少大米来做这个炒饭？ rice do we need to make this fried rice? 9.冰箱里只有少量的鸡蛋，我们去商店买一些吧。There are only eggs in the fiidge. Let's go to the shop to buy 10.那位女老师是她们的语文老师，她非常友善。The teacher is their Chinese teacher. She is very kind. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.D;7.A;8.D;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.much 2.sandwiches 3.some 4.glasses 5.an 6.few 7.some 8.oranges 9.a 填空 little 10.wonderful (三)完成 1.is no;some 2.cups of;pieces of 3.enough;for 4.are a lot of 5.little;for; 句子 6.some advice;about 7.a;Some 8.How much 9.a few;some 10.woman 章 语法精讲精练二 1.基本用法（肯定句/否定句/疑问句） 用法场景 常用词 说明 示例 表示“一些”，通常 肯定句中 I have some books.我 some 用于肯定句。 有一些书。 表示“任何/一 否定句中 I don't have any books any 些”，用于否定句。 我没有书。 表示“一些/任 Do you have any 一般疑问句中 any 何”，用于疑问句。 questions?你有一些 问题吗？ 2.特殊用法（中考常考） ①期望得到肯定回答的疑问句用some 在表示请求、建议、邀请的疑问句中，如果希望对方给予肯定回答，用some不用 anyo 例句：Would you like some tea?(来点茶吗？一一 期望对方接受) 例句：Can I have some water??(我能喝点水吗？一一 礼貌请求) ②条件句中用any 在if引导的条件状语从句中，表示“任何”时，用anyo 例句：If you have any problems,,please tell me..(如果你有任何问题，请告诉我。) ③any用于肯定句，表“任何” any也可用于肯定句，意为“任何（一个/一些）”，强调“无论哪一个”。 例句：Any student can answer this question.(任何学生都能回答这个问题。) 3.some/any与复合不定代词的搭配 词根 肯定组合(some) 否定/疑问组合(any-) anything任何事（否定/疑 thing something某事 问)；任何事（肯定） body/one somebody/someone某人 anybody/anyone任何人（否 定/疑问)；任何人（肯定） anywhere任何地方（否定/疑 where somewhere某地 问)；任何地方（肯定） ①肯定句中用some-系列：something,somebody,.someone,somewhere 例：I saw someone in the room.（我看见有人在房间里。) ②否定句/疑问句中用any-系列：anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere 例：I didn't see anyone in the room.(我没看见任何人。) 例：Is there anything in the box?(盒子里有什么东西吗？) ③any-系列用于肯定句，表“任何（事情/人/地方）” 例：Anyone can do it..（任何人都能做到。) ④复合不定代词+形容词：形容词后置 例：I have something important to tell you..(我有重要的事告诉你。) 例：Is there anything special today?(今天有什么特别的事吗？) 4.易混考点辨析 ①some/any→变否定句时，some要改为any 正a确：I have some apples.→Idon't have any apples.. 错误：Idon't have some apples.(x否定句中不能用some) ②疑问句中用some(期望肯定回答)vs用any（一般疑问，无倾向) 比较： A:Can I borrow some money?(期望对方同意 借点钱给我行吗？) B:Do you have any money?(单纯询问一一 你有钱吗？) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Would you like coffee?-Yes,please. A.some B.any C.a D.many 2.I don't have brothers or sisters A.some B.any C.a D.an 3.There isn't milk in the bottle. A.some B.any C.a D.many 4.-Can I ask you questions?-Sure,go ahead. A.some B.any C.a D.much 5.If you have problems,please let me know. A.some B.any C.a D.an 6.I have important to tell you A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 7.-Did you see in the classroom?-No, A.somebody;nobody B.anybody;nobody C.anybody;somebody D.somebody;anybody 8.You can buy this book at shop in the town A.some B.any C.a D.an 9.She wants to go warm for her holiday. A.somewhere B.anywhere C.something D.anything 10.—Is there wrong with your bike?-I'm not sure. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything (二)语法填空（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入some/any或复合不定代词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完 整。 My name is Tom.I have 1. good friends.We often do 2. interesting together on weekends.Last Sunday,we wanted to go 3. nice to relax.I asked my mum,“Can I take4. money with me?"She said,"Yes,but don't buy 5. expensive."So I took just 6. coins. When we got to the park,we found 7. exciting a small music show!There were 8. singers and dancers.We watched for a long time.After that,we felt hungry.I looked in my bag,but I didn't have 9. food.Suddenly,my friend Andy said,"I have 10. sandwiches.Let's share!"We had a great day (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.杯子里有一些水。 There water in the glass. 2.我没有任何问题要问。 I have questions to ask. 3.你想来点茶吗？ Would you like 4.任何人都能学会这门外语。 can learn this language. 5这附近有超市吗？ Is there supermarket near here? 6.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 I have to tell you. 7.我没有在任何地方看到你的钥匙。 I didn't see your key 8.如果你有任何麻烦，就给我打电话。 If you have trouble,call me. 9.你能借给我一些钱吗？（礼貌请求） Can you lend me money? 10.有人在教室里吗？ Is in the classroom? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.some 2.something 3.somewhere 4.some 5.anything 6.some 填空 7.something ;8.some 9.any 10.some (三)完成 1.is some 2.don't,any 3.some tea 4.Anyone/Anybody 5.any 6.something 句子 important 7.anywhere 8.any 9.some 10.anyone /anybody