Unit 2 Getting along-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 2 Getting along 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★现在完成时(2) ★现在完成时与since/for的连用 语法精讲精练一 1.现在完成时的基本回顾（衔接第1讲） 结构 用法 例句 have/has+ 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或 I have lost my key.我丢了钥匙。（现在 过去分词 结果 没钥匙) have/has+ 表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 He has lived here for 10 years..他住在这 过去分词 里10年了。 本讲重点：for/since的用法和短暂动词与延续性动词的转换。 2.核心考点一：for和since的区别与使用 连词 含义 后接时间类型 例句 for two hours,for a week, for 持续…时间 段时间（数字+单位） for five years 时间点/从句（一般过 since 2020,since I came since 自从…以来 去时) here 考点：for+时间段，since-+时间点。 例：I have studied English for three years. 例：I have studied English since2020. 例：I have studied English since I was ten. 常见错误： X I have learned English since three years.(错误，three years是时间段，应改为for three years) I have learned English for three years √I have learned English since three years ago.(since+时间点，“three years ago”是时间点) 3.核心考点二：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 短暂性动词（瞬间动词）：动作一发生就结束，不能与一段时间的状语(for/sinc©)连 用。 例：come,go,leave,,aive,buy,die,join,bonrow,begin,stop,close,open,may等。 延续性动词：动作可以持续一段时间，可与for/since连用。 例：ive,work,study,.keep,have,be,stay,iun,sleep等。 转换规则（中考高频考点）： 短暂性动词 延续性表达 例句对比 I have had the book for two buy have weeks.（不能说I have bought the book for two weeks.) He has kept the dictionary since borrow keep Monday.（不能说He has borrowed...) They have been away for three leave be away (from) days. The old man has been dead for die be dead five years She has been in the club since join be in /be a member of 2022 The film has been on for ten begin /start be on minutes. Class has been over for five stop/finish be over minutes They have been married for 20 marry be married years. He has been in Beijing since last come /go arrive be here/be there month 注意：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与for/si血ce连用，因为否定表示“没做”，动作未发 生，可以持续。 例：I haven't seen him for a long time.（V) 4.核心考点三：现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析 现在完成时 般过去时 过去动作对现在的影响或持续 强调 过去发生的动作，与现在无关 到现在 不与具体过去时间连用（常 常与具体过去时间连用 时间状语 见：already,yet,ever,never,, (yesterday,last week,three just,recently,since,for) days ago,in 2023) I visited the museum last year. I have visited the museum. 例句对比 (只说明去年去过，现在无 在知道博物馆什么样) 关) 易错点：不能同时使用“具体过去时间”和现在完成时。 X I have seen the movie yesterday..(错误，yesterday是过去时间) /I saw the movie yesterday.（一般过去时) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.My brother the army for two years. A.has joined B.has been in C.joined D.was in 2.-How long have you this book? A.bought B.had C.borrowed D.kept 3.Mary her hometown since she went to college. A.left B.has left C.has been away from D.was away from 4.I him for three years.We are good fiiends A.know B.have known C.knew D.will know 5.-Have you ever to Shanghai?-Yes.I there last year. A.been;went B.gone;have been C.been;have gone D.gone;went 6.The movie for ten minutes when I got to the cinema. A.began B.has begun C.had been on D.has been on 7.He his grandfather since he was young. A.didn't see B.hasn't seen C.doesn't see D.won't see 8.-When you the new bike? A.have,bought B.did;buy C.have;had D.did;have 9.My father to Beijing twice.He knows the city very well. A.went B.has gone C.has been D.goes 10.They married for fifteen years. A.got B.have got C.have been D.have married (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺完整。 11. (live)in this city since I was bomn.It is a beautiful place.My family 2. (move) here in 2008.I 3. (be)a student of No.1 Middle School for three years.I 4. (know) my best fiiend Tom since we were in primary school. Tom 5. (buy)a new computer last month.He 6. (have)it for only a month,but he already 7. (use)it to leam a lot.He says he 8. (never see)such a good machine. Last Sunday,we 9. (go)to the city library.We 10. (stay)there for three hours and read many interesting books. (三)完成句子 l.我爷爷去世五年了。My grandpa for five years. 2.你从什么时候开始学英语的？How long you English? 3这把伞我已经借了三天了。I the umbrella for three days. 4.她离开家乡已经十年了。She from her hometown for ten years 5.我爸爸加入这个俱乐部两周了。My father a member of this club for two weeks 6.这部电影开始多久了？How long the film 7.自从去年，我们就没见过面。We each other since last year 8.他们结婚二十多年了。They for over twenty years. 9这本书我已经买了两个月了。I this book for two months 10.你曾经去过北京吗？ you ever to Beijing? 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.B;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.have lived 2.moved 3.have been 4.have known 5.bought 6.has had 7.has 填空 used 8.has never seen 9.went 10.stayed 1.has been dead 2.have;studied/learnt 3.have kept 4.has been away 5.has been (三)完成 句子 in 6.has;been on 7.haven't seen 8.have been married 9.have had 10.Have; been 章 语法精讲精练二 1.现在完成时的基本结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have seen the film. +其他 主语+haven't/hasn't+过去 She hasn't finished her 否定句 分词+其他 homework. Have/Has+主语+过去分 一般疑问句 词+其他？ Have you ever been to Beijing? 考点提示：主语是第三人称单数时，用has;其他人称用haveo 2.since与for的用法对比 介词 含义 后接内容 例句 ①时间点（年份、 He has lived here since since 自…以来 月份、日期、时刻) 2020. ② 般过去时的从 I have known her since 句 we were children. 时间段(three years, She has worked here for 持续（一段时间） two hours,a long time for five years. 等) 核心口诀： since加点，for一段(since+时间点/从句，for+时间段) 提问用Howlong:How long have you been in this city? 易错点： since从句中的动词通常是一般过去时（短暂动作或状态）。 I have been a teacher since I graduated. 对since/for短语提问时，用How long。 3.延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换（中考必考） 在现在完成时中，如果与for/since连用，动词必须是延续性动词或表示持续状态的 动词。 非延续性动词（瞬间动词）不能直接与for/since连用，需要转换为相应的延续性表达。 例句（现在完成时+ 非延续性动词（原形) 延续性动词/短语 for/since) I have had this book for two buy have weeks. She has kept the dictionary borrow keep since Monday. He has been away from home leave be away (from) for three days. The old man has been dead for die be dead ten years. He has been in the club since join be a member of/be in last year. They have been here since 8 come/go /arive be here/there o'clock. The movie has been on for half begin /start be on an hour. The shop has been open since open be open 900. The window has been closed close be closed for a day. The class has been over for ten finish/end be over minutes. 注意：否定句也可以用非延续性动词，因为否定表示“没做”，可延续。 例：I haven't bought a new phone for two years.(此处buy可用，因为否定状态持续) 4.since的特殊句型（中考高频) Itis/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时从句 It is three years since he moved here.It has been three years since he moved here. (相当于He has lived here for three years.) since引导的从句中的动词是延续性动词或非延续性动词，含义不同 例：He has changed a lot since he lived here.(从句lived是延续性，意为“自从他住在这 里以来”，变化发生在住在这里期间) 例：He has changed a lot since he left here.(从句left是非延续性，意为“自从他离开这 里以来”，变化发生在离开之后) 初中只需掌握基本含义：since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 5.常考时间标志词 for+时间段：for a week,for three years,for a long time since+t时间点：since2020,since last Friday,since8o'clock since+从句：since I came,since he was a child 提间：How long have you.？一For three years./Since I was ten. 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-How long has your father the house? A.bought B.buy C.had D.have 2.My cousin the army since he was eighteen. A.joined B.has joined C.has been in D.joins 3. have you studied English? A.How long B.How often C.How soon D.How much 4.The meeting for half an hour when I got there. A.has been on B.had been on C.was on D.has begun 5.She this bike since last spring A.has had B.had C.has bought D.bought 6.-Is your brother still in hospital? A.been away from B.left C.been in D.gone to 7.We haven't seen each other 2019, A.for B.in C.since D.from 8.It is two years I began to learn Japanese A.after B.before C.when D.since 9.-How long may I this book? A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.get 10.The old man for two years.We still miss him A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.was dead (二)用for或since填空（共l0题） 1.I have known him three years. 2.She has worked in this company 2016. 3.They have waited for the bus half an hour. 4.He has been a teacher he graduated from college 5.We haven't visited our grandparents last month. 6.The movie has been on 8:00p.m 7.My uncle has lived in London a long time 8.It has been two weeks she left for Beijing. 9.How long have you learned to play the piano?- I was seven 10.The library has been open 9 o'clock this morning (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.他买这辆自行车己经两年了。 He this bike two years 2.自从她来到这个城市，她就一直住在这。 She here she to this city 3.你认识汤姆多久了？ have you Tom? 4.离开教室前请把窗户关上。 Please the windows you the classroom. 5这本书我可以借多久？ How long may I this book? 6我爷爷去世已经五年了。 My grandfather for five years. 7.他们自从上周就出发了。 They since last week. 8这个俱乐部成立至今已有十年。 It ten years the club 9.我两小时前到的，现在还在等。 I here two hours 10.你离开后，这里发生了很大变化。 Great changes here since you 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.C;8.D;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)用 1.for 2.since 3.for 4.since 5.since 6.since 7.for 8.since 9.Since for或since 填空 10.since (三)完成 1.has had,for 2.has lived,since,came ;3.How long,known 4.keep,before, leave 5.keep 6.has been dead 7.have been away ;8.is,since,was set up 句子 9.have been,for 10.have taken,left