Unit 3 Family ties-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 3 Family ties 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★名词所有格(-’s所有格、of所有格) ★双重所有格(a friend of my father's) 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 定义：名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所属关系，意为“…的”。中文中常用“的”来 表示，英语中则通过两种形式：’s所有格和o所有格。 2.基本用法（两大核心考点） (1)s所有格（常用于有生命的名词） 构成规则 示例 用法说明 1.单数名词 Tom's book(汤姆的书) 直接在词尾加’$。 2.复数名词 不以-s结 尾加 Children'sDay(儿童节)★The teachers' 注意复数形式的区分。 ’s以-s结 office(老师们的办公室) 尾→只加 3.表示各自 Tom's and Mike's rooms(汤姆和迈克各 每个名词后都加’$，表示共有物品不 所有 自的房间) 同。 4.表示共同 Tom and Mike's room(汤姆和迈克共用 只在最后一个名词后加’$，表示物品 所有 的房间) 为两人共有。 5.表示时 today's newspaper(今天的报纸)ten 间/距离/国 【考点】这是超越“有生命”规则的特 minutes'walk(十分钟的步行路程) 家/城市等无 殊用法，中考常考。 生命事物 China's economy(中国的经济) 【考点拓展】-’s所有格后的名词有时可省略 如果名词在上下文中已明确，可以省略，避免重复。 This book is mine.That one is Tom's (Tom's book). 当被修饰的词是店铺、诊所或某人的家时，名词常省略。 例：I'm going to the doctor's(=the doctor's office/诊所)./Let's meet at my uncle's(=my ncle's house/我叔叔家). (2)of所有格（常用于无生命的名词，或较长的名词短语） 构成规则 示例 用法说明 1.基本结构 the legs of the table(桌子的腿)★the 表示“事物的…部分”或“… 名词+of+ name of the movie(电影的名字) 的”。 名词 2.双重所有 格 a friend of my father's(我父亲的一个朋 【中考重难点】结构：“限定词+名 a/an/this/that 友)★that book of Tom's(汤姆的那本 词+of+名词’s”。强调“其中的 +名词+of 书)》 个/一些”，不能与he连用。 +'s所有格 3.与-’s所 有格的转换 the dog's tail=the tail of the dog(狗的 当名词表示 当有生命名词较长时，优先用of所有 尾巴)my mother'sbag=the bag of my 有生命的事 格，避免句子头重脚轻。 mother(我妈妈的包) 物时，两者 可互换 3.易混考点辨析（中考常考易错点） s所有格：强调所属关系，即“某物的…”。 例：Tom'shat(汤姆的帽子一帽子属于汤姆) 名词作定语：强调类别、用途、材料，即“什么样的…”。 例：a cotton hat(一顶棉帽一帽子由棉布制成，不强调属于谁》 考点：这是中考单选和完形填空的常设陷阱。例如：a girl friend(一个女性朋友，侧重性 别)vs my girlfriend'sbag(我女朋友的包，侧重所属)。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度） (一)单项选择 1.This is room.It's very big and clean. A.Tom and Mike B.Tom's and Mike's C.Tom and Mike's D.Tom's and Mike 2.-How far is it from your home to school? A.fifteen minute's B.fifteen minutes' C.fifteen minutes D.fifteen minute 3.I had to see because I had a bad toothache A.a doctor's B.the doctor C.the doctors D.the doctor's 4.Look!This is a photo last year.We all look happy. A.of my family B.my family's C.ofmy family's D.my family 5.-Whose hat is this? A.Mary B.Marys C.Mary's D.Marys' 6.There are many in the field A.sheeps' B.sheep's C.sheep D.sheeps 7.The boy in blue is a fiiend We often play basketball together. A.ofmy brother B.ofmy brother's C.my brother D.my brother's 8.This is school bag is over there on the desk A.mine;Your B.my;Yours C.I;You D.me;Yours 9.-I'm going to to buy some medicine.Would you like to go with me? A.the shoes shop B.the shoe's shop C.the shoes'shop D.the shoe shop 10. mothers are both teachers in our school.They are very popular A.Lily and Lucy B.Lily's and Lucy's C.Lily's and Lucy D.Lily and Lucy's (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白的横线上填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 Dear Sally, How is everything going?I am writing to tell you about my best friend,Tom.He is in Class 1,Grade 7, just like me. We often share our ideas and help each other.Yesterday,I went to 1. (Tom)house to work on a project.It was a ten 2. (minute)walk from my school.His room is very tidy.There is a map of 3. (China)on the wall and a photo of 4. (he)family on the desk.I saw a letter on the table.It was from 5. (one of his friends)father,who is a famous doctor.We spent two 6. (hour)finishing the task. This weekend,there will be a 7. (child)day party at the park.Tom and I are going to buy some gifts.His mother's car is black,and my 8. (mother)is white.We will go there together.I can't wait to have a 9. (fun)time with my friends. That 10. (woman)in the photo is our English teacher.She is very kind.I hope you can meet her one day. Yours, Li Ming (三)完成句子 1.这个女孩是王涛的表妹。This girl is 2.这是汤姆和李雷共同的教室。This is 3.从我家到学校步行大约需要二十分钟。It is about walk from my home to school 4.那个老妇人是李华的一个邻居。That old woman is 5.这些是男孩子们的自行车。那些是女孩子们的。These are the Those are 6我们的国家正在变得越来越强大。 is becoming stronger and stronger. 7.我的书在书包里。你哥哥的书在哪里？My book is in the bag.Where is 8.这是一张我们学校的照片。This is a 9.儿童节是六月一日。 is on June 1st. 10.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我姐姐的朋友。The girl in red is 三、参考答案 （一）单项 1.C;2.B;3.D;4.A;5.C;6.C;7B;8.B;9.D;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.Tom's 2.minutes';3.China 4.his 5.one of his friends';6.hours 7.Children's 填空 8.mother's 9.fun 10.woman 1.Wang Tao's cousin 2.Tom and Li Lei's classroom 3.twenty minutes';4.a (三)完成 neighbor of Li Hua's 5.boys'bikes;the girls';6.Our country 7.your brother's 句子 book 8.photo of our school 9.Children's Day 10.my sister's friend 章 语法精讲精练二 1.定义与结构 双重所有格，顾名思义，就是同时使用两种所有格形式(‘s所有格和o所有格)来表达 所有关系。它主要用于表示“整体中的一部分”或带有一定的感情色彩。 结构公式： a/an/this/hat/数词+名词+of+'s所有格/名词性物主代词 2.核心用法（两大考点) 考点 用法说明 示例 a friend of my mother's 我妈妈（众多朋友中的） 强调“某人的…中的一个/ 个朋友√a book of Tom's= 一些”，重点在“部分”而 考点一：整体中的一部分 汤姆（众多书中的）一本书 非“全部”。这是最核心的 some students of Mr.Wang's 用法。 王老师（众多学生中的） 些学生 考点二：表达感情色彩 当被修饰的名词前有his, This dog of my sister's is so that,these,.those等限定词 cute!(我姐姐的这只狗真可 时，双重所有格常带有赞 爱！一一赞赏)、 √That bad 赏、厌恶、惊奇等感情色 idea of his surprised everyone. 彩。 (他的那个坏主意让所有人 吃惊。一一厌恶/批评) 3.易混对比&关键点 对比项 普通of所有格 双重所有格 关键点解析 结构 a+名词+of+名词 a+名词+of+名 区别在于被修饰名词 词’ 后的所有格形式。 a picture of my father (一张我爸爸本人的 照片，o表“关 表示“物与物”或 表示“某人的…之 于”) 含义 “物与人”的关系， 一”，强调所属关系 a picture of my father's 常指类别或属性。 和具体一员。 (一张我爸爸拥有的 照片，可能是他拍的 或收藏的，of表“属 于”) ★中考核心考点： 双重所有格中的‘s所有格后不可以是具体的建筑物或地点名词 (如school. factory)。例如：a teacher of our school 被修饰的名词前通常有a,an,some,any,no,this,that,hese,hose 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.This is not my book.It's a book of A.my sister B.my sister's C.my sisters D.my sisters' 2.-Is that coat A.yours;my mother B.your;my mother's C.yours;my mother's D.your;my mother 3.Look at They are so beautiful A.those flowers of Mary B.those flowers of Mary's C.those Mary's flowers D.flowers of Mary's 4.-What a lovely dog! A.my neighbor B.my neighbor's C.my neighbors D.my neighbors' 5.I heard that __was very successful. A.a plan of Tom B.the plan of Tom's C.that plan of Tom's D.Tom plan 6.-Whose bike is this? -It's not mine.It might be a bike of A.one of my friends B.one of my friend's C.one of my friends'D.one friend's 7.She is a friend of We met her at a party last week. A.my B.me C.mine D.I 8.-Do you know the man over there? A.a teacher of our school B.a teacher of our school's C.teacher of our school D.our school's a teacher （二)同义句转换 根据上句，完成下句，使其意思相同或相近。每空一词。 1.I have a pen.It is one of Tom's pens This is 2.My father has a friend.The friend is a doctor. Afriend is a doctor. 3.That is a photo of my family.It belongs to me. That is 4.We saw a painting.It belonged to a famous artist. We saw a famous artist's. 5.The story you told is a story of his. The story you told is 6.The cat under the table is one of my sister's cats. The cat under the table is 7."Is this your ruler?"she asked She asked,"Is this a ruler 8.I like his that funny joke. Ilike (三)完成句子 根据汉语提示，完成下列英语句子，每空一词。 1.她是我妈妈的一个好朋友。 She is my mother's. 2.他是我哥哥的一位同学。 Heis my brother's. 3.小王的那辆自行车很新。 Xiao Wang's is very new. 4.你叔叔的这些工具很实用。 your uncle's are very useful. 5.他是我的一位老朋友。 Heis mine 6这是你妹妹的一幅画吗？（指画是她画的或收藏的） Is this your sister's? 7.他提出了一个很好的建议。 He gave his 8这是我们老师的一本书。（指老师拥有的书） This is our teacher's 9你认识张先生的一位邻居吗？ Do you know Mr.Zhang's? 10.那个关于莉莉的故事很有趣。 Lily's is very interesting. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.C;6.C;7.C;8.A (二)同义 1.a pen ofTom's 2.of my father's 3.a photo of mine 4.a painting of;5.his 句转换 story 6.a cat ofmy sister's 7.of yours 8.that funny joke of his (三)完成 1.a good fiiend of;2.a classmate of;3.That bike of;4.These tools of;5.an old 句子 fiiend of;6.a picture of;7.a good idea of;8.a book of;9.a neighbor of; 10.That story of