Unit 6 Earth and Beyond-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★名词后缀 -ness ★形容词比较级与最高级 章 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 定义 功能 后缀-ness 加在形容词 后，构成抽 象名词，表 将原本描述特征的形容词，变为表示该特征的名词。 示“性质、 状态、程 度”。 例：kind (善良的) 例：She showed great kindness to the poor.(她对穷人表现出极大的善良。) →kindness (善良) 2.常见构词示例 形容词 → 名词（+ness) 含义 happy happiness 幸福、快乐 sad sadness 悲伤 good goodness 善良、美好 i训 illness 疾病 dark darkness 黑暗 weak weakness 弱点、虚弱 care carefulness 仔细、小心 polite politeness 礼貌 business(注意拼写变化： busy 生意、事务 busy→business) friendly friendliness 友好 ★注意：以y结尾的形容词，通常变y为i再加ness(如：happy→happiness;busy→ business特殊拼写需单独记忆)。 3.用法考点（中考常考） 考点1：词性转换 在语法填空或完成句子中，根据句子成分判断需要填名词还是形容词。 例：He is a kind man.(形容词作定语)/I thank you for your kindness.(名词作宾语) 考点2：不可数名词 大多数ness名词为不可数名词，无复数形式。 例：Happiness is important in life..（不可数) 但部分词（如business表示“事务”时可有复数businesses)需特殊记忆。 考点3：固定搭配 常见：a sense of happiness(幸福感)/in darkness（在黑暗中)/with politeness(有礼貌 地) 例：She treated everyone with kindness..(她友善地对待每个人。) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，共3大题，每题8-10小题） (一)单项选择 1.The teacher praised Tom for his He always says“thank you'”to others. A.polite B.politeness C.politely D.politer 2.I hope you will find true in your life A.happy B.happier C.happiness D.happily 3.After a long illness,he began to value the of health. A.important B.importance C.importantly D.more important 4.-What's the weather like today?-It's cold and cloudy,and the in the sky makes me feel a little sad. A.dark B.darkness C.darker D.darkly 5.My mother's always makes our family warm. A.kind B.kindness C.kindly D.kindest 6.The doctor said that his was not senous A.讪 B.illness C.iller D.illness's 7.We should treat every student with A.fair B.fairness C.fairly D.fairer 8.The of this city in the morning is very beautiful. A.quiet B.quietness C.quieter D.quietly 9.He has a for making friends. A.weak B.weakness C.weakly D.weaker 10.The teacher asked us to write a passage about the of being honest. A.important B.importance C.importantly D.unimportance (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Everyone wants to have a life full of 1 (happy).But sometimes we meet 2. (sad)or 3. (ill).At those moments,we need 4. (kind)from others.A small act of 5. (friend)can make a big difference. My grandma is a woman of great 6. (wise).She always says,"The 7. (dark)before dawn is not forever.Keep your 8. (confident)and you will see the light."She never loses her 9. (gentle)even in hard times.Her 10 (patient)and 11 (care)help me grow (三)完成句子 1.他的善良赢得了所有人的尊重。His earned everyone's respect. 2.黑暗中的一丝光亮给了我们希望。A little light in the gave us hope. 3.我们应该礼貌地对待老人。We should treat the old with 4.真正的幸福不在于财富，而在于内心的平静。Tue lies not in wealth but in inner 5.她总是以极大的耐心和友善来帮助同学。She always helps classmates with great and 6.这个城市的美丽让游客们惊叹不已。The of this city amazed the tourists 7.我无法忽视他的弱点，但更看重他的优点。I can't ignore his but I value his strengths more 8.她的粗心导致了一次严重的失误。Her caused a serious mistake 9.这个故事讲述了友情与忠诚的重要性。This story tells the of friendship and loyalty. 10.生病期间，他感受到了家人深深的关爱。During his he felt deep from his family. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B;9B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.happiness 2.sadness 3.illness 4.kindness 5.friendliness 6.wisdom; 填空 7.darkness ;8.confidence 9.gentleness 10.patience/carefulness (三)完成 1.kindness 2.darkness 3.politeness 4.happiness;peacefulness 5.patience; 句子 kindness 6.beauty 7.weakness 8.carelessness 9.importance 10.illness;love 章 语法精讲精练二 1.比较级的构成与用法 定义：比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示“更…”。 (1)规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 单音节词 一般加-er tall→taller 以e结尾 加r late→later 重读闭音节，末尾单辅音 双写末尾字母+er big→bigger 以“辅音+y结尾 变y为i再加er happy→happier 多音节词（≥2音节） 前加more/Mess beautiful>more beautiful good/well->better,bad/badly 不规则变化 →wo1Ise;nany/much→moIe; 需单独记忆 little→less,far→ farther/further (2)常用句型 A+比较级+than+B:表示“A比B更…”。例：Tom runs faster than Mike. the+比较级，the+比较级：表示“越…，越.”。例：The more you practice,. the better you will become. 比较级+and+比较级：表示“越来越…”。例：Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 修饰比较级的词：much,even,a little,alot,far,still等。例：This problem is much harder than that one. (3)易错点 √比较级前不加the(除非是“the+比较级，he+比较级”结构)。 √than前后比较对象必须一致。 √多音节词不能用-er,如不能说more better（正确为much better)。 2.最高级的构成与用法 定义：最高级用于三者及以上比较，表示“最…” (1)规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 单音节词 加-est tall→tallest 以e结尾 加-st late→latest 重读闭音节，末尾单辅音 双写末尾字母+est big→biggest 以“辅音+y结尾 变y为i再加est happy→happiest 多音节词（≥2音节） 前加most/least beautiful->most beautiful good/wel→best,bad/badly→ 不规则变化 同比较级+est变形 worst,many/much-most, little→least (2)常用句型 A+最高级+名词+范围(in/of):例：She is the tallest girl in our class one of the+最高级+复数名词：表示“最…之一”。例：Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China the+序数词+最高级：表示“第几最…”。例：He is the second tallest boy in the team. (3)易错点 √最高级前通常加the(副词最高级前可省略，但形容词最高级必须加h)。 √范围介词：in+地点/组织；of+群体(of all,of the three)。 √不规则最高级要牢记：best,worst,most,least,farthest/.furthest。 3.原级比较（as.as结构) 肯定：as+形容词原级+as(和…一样)。例：This box is as heavy as that one. 否定：not as/so+形容词原级+as(不如…)。例：He is not as tall as his brother. 易错：否定结构中可用so替换as,但肯定句只能用as;原级比较中形容词不能变 成比较级。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Which do you like apples or oranges?-Apples A.good B.better C.best D.well 2.This story is than that one.I like it very much A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 3.The you study,the grades you will get A.hard;good B.harder,better C.hardest;best D.more hard;more good 4.-Is this book as that one?-No,it's A.as cheap;more B.so cheap; C.as cheap; D.so cheap;more expensive expensive expensiver cheap 5.She is one of students in our school. A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular 6.-Who runs Tom or Jerry?-Tom does. A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest 7.The weather in summer is getting A.hot and hot B.hotter and hotter C.hoter and hoter D.hottest and hottest 8.This question is easier than that one A.more B.much C.very D.quite 9.-Which is ,the sun,the earth or the moon?-The sun. A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.the biggest 10.She speaks English her sister. A.as well as B.as good as C.so well as D.so good as (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺完整。 My hometown is a small town.But in recent years,it has become 1 (big)and 2. (modern).The streets are 3. (wide)than before.There are 4. (many)tall buildings now.However,the air is not as 5. (clean)as it used to be.I think we should do something to make our environment 6. (good) Last month,our school held a sports meeting.Tom ran 7. (fast)of all the boys.He was 8. (proud)student in our class.Our teacher said he was 9. (hard- working)boy she had ever seen.We all hope our hometown will become 10. (beautiful)in the future (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.这本书不如那本书有趣。 This book is that one. 2.他是我们班最高的男生。 Heis boy in our class. 3.天气越来越冷了。 The weather is getting 4.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 you are, mistakes you will make. 5.她和她的姐姐一样漂亮。 She is her sister. 6.这是我看过的最感人的电影之一。 This is one of movies I have ever seen. 7.我的房间比你的大得多。 My room is than yours. 8这副眼镜比那副便宜一点。 This pair of glasses is than that one. 9.在所有学生中，莉莉唱得最好。 Lily sings all the students 10.他变得越来越强壮了。 He is becoming 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.D;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.D;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.bigger 2.more modern 3.wider 4.more 5.clean 6.better 7.fastest 填空 8.the proudest 9.the most hard-working 10.more beautiful (三)完成 1.not as interesting as/not so interesting as 2.the tallest 3.colder and colder 4.The more careful;the fewer 5.as beautiful as 6.the most moving 7.much 句子 bigger ;8.a little cheaper 9.best of/among 10.stronger and stronger