Unit 5 Amazing Places-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 5 Amazing Places 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★名词后缀y ★动词不定式todo 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 后缀y加在名词或部分动词后，构成形容词，意为“有…的、多…的、像…的”。 功能：在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语（与一般形容词用法相同）。 2.变化规则(【考点】中考常考变形) 原词（名词/ 后缀-y后变化规则 例词 动词) 一般单词直 wind→windy,Iain→rainy,.snow→ cloudy,foggy,dirty 接加-y snowy,sun一sunny（双写n再加y) 以e结尾， noise→noisy,ice→icy,house→house 注意：大多数以e结尾的去e加y, 去掉e再加 (但house-→housy少见，初中常用 沙 如shine→shiny homey但生僻) 重读闭音 节，双写末 sun→sunny,fun→funny,fog→foggy 特别注意：fun→funny是中考易错 尾字母再加 -y 以y结尾？ 不常见，但 原词是辅音 +y变i加er 等，此处不 涉及。 易错提示 注意拼写变化：sm→sny(双写n),fm→fny(双写n) 注意词义：常见考词1 ain/rainy,cloud/cloudy,wind/windy,.sun/sny,snow/snowy,fog/foggy,. ice/icy,dirt/dirty,health/healthy,luck/lucky,noise/noisy,thirst/thirsty,hunger/hungry,anger/angry, beauty/.beautiful(不是加y,特殊)等。 3.用法（同类比较：与一般形容词相同） 用法 说明 例句 修饰名词，放在名词前（多数），或后 It's a windy day./I have something funny 作定语 置（修饰不定代词时） to tell you The weather is rainy./The soup tastes 作表语 放在系动词后，说明主语特征 salty?但salty由sat加yo 作宾语补足 放在宾语后，补充说明宾语 语 The rain made the ground muddy 4.比较级与最高级 以y结尾的形容词，比较级将y变i再加-er,最高级将y变i再加-est。 例：windy→windier→windiest;funny→funnier→funniest;healthy→healthier→healthiest 中考考点注意双写n的情况（如suny→sier）和特殊变形（如funy→ funnier/funniest)。 5.易混辨析 y形容词vs副词：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。如： √He is a healthy boy.(形容词) √HIe eats healthily.(副词，由healthy变y为i加ly) y形容词vs名词：注意加y后词性改变。如1ain（名词/动词)→ainy(形容词)。 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每大题10小题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1.Look！Itsa day.Let's go out and play in the snow. A.snow B.snowy C.snowing D.snowed 2.My grandmother is in good health because she always eats food. A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier 3.The joke was so that everyone laughed loudly. A.fun B.funny C.funnier D.funniest 4.-What's the weather like today?-It's and cold.You'd better take a raincoat. A.rain B.rainy C.raining D.rained 5.The season in my hometown is winter.It often snows heavily. A.snow B.snowy C.snowing D.snowed 6.He didn't sleep well last night,so he feels now. A.thirst B.thirsty C.hunger D.hungry 7.The ground is after the heavy rain.Be careful not to fall A.dirt B.dirty C.mud D.muddy 8.-Which is this windy city or that sunny one? A.windier B.more windy C.windiest D.most windy 9.This is the road I've ever driven on.The fog is terible A.foggy B.foggier C.foggiest D.more foggy 10.The little girl has a smile.She always makes us happy. A.sun B.suny C.sunny D.sunnier (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每空一词)。 Last Sunday,the weather was 1. (rain).But my fiiends and I decided to go for a picnic anyway We found a 2. (sun)spot under a big tree.The ground was a little 3. (mud)because of the rain,but we laid a blanket. My friend Lily brought some 4. (health)snacks like fruits and nuts.Tom's joke was so 5. (fun)that we all laughed.After eating,we played games.The wind was 6. (wind) than we expected,so we had to hold our hats. Suddenly,the sky became 7. (cloud)and it started to rain again.We felt a little 8. (thirst)and 9 (hunger)after running back to the car.It was not a perfect day,but we all had a 10. (luck)experience-we didn't get too wet. (三)完成句子 1.今天是个多风的日子，不适合放风筝。Itsa day today.It's not suitable to fly kites. 2.这条河在雨后变得泥泞了。The river became after the rain. 3.这个笑话比那个更有趣。This joke is that one. 4.健康饮食对你很重要。 food is very important for you. 5.这是我们学校最干净的教学楼。This is the building in our school. 6.她有一个毛茸茸的小狗。She has a little dog 7.那个吵闹的男孩让我们很烦。The boy made us annoyed. 8.今天比昨天更冷，而且是阴天。Today is than yesterday,and it's a day. 9.我感到又渴又饿。I feel and 10.这是我吃过的最甜的苹果。This is the apple I have ever eaten. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.D;7.D;8.A;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.rainy 2.sunny ;3.muddy ;4.healthy ;5.funny 6.windier 7.cloudy ;8.thirsty 填空 9.hungry 10.lucky (三)完成 1.windy 2.muddy 3.funnier than 4.Healthy 5.cleanest 6.fluffy 7.noisy 句子 8.colder;cloudy ;9.thirsty;hungry 10.sweetest 章 语法精讲精练二 1.动词不定式的定义与形式 定义：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，结构为o+动词原形，在句中不能单 独作谓语，但可充当多种成分。 否定形式：not to do(在to前加not) 考点：不定式没有人称和数的变化，这是与谓语动词最大的区别。 2.动词不定式的七大核心用法 句法功能 说明 例句 不定式作主语时，常用t作 To learn English well is 形式主语，将真正主语后 作主语 important.It is important to 置。结构：Its+ad.+(for/of learn English well.It's kind sb.)+to do sth. of you to help me. 常放在及物动词后，如： want,hope,decide,plan,agree, √I want to go home..√He 作宾语 leam,refuse,.promise等。★ decided to leave early.X I 易混点：有些动词后只能接 enjoy to swim.(错误，应为 不定式（如wat,hope),不 enjoy swimming) 能接动名词。 常放在宾语后，补充说明宾 语的动作。常见动词：ask, The teacher told us to read 作宾语补足语 tell,want,wish,allow,invite, the book.My mother asked order等。结构：v.+sb.+to me not to play games. do sth. 放在名词或代词后，修饰该 名词。常与不定代词、序数 I have something to say. He is the first to come.I need 作定语 词、最高级连用。结构：n. a pen to write with.(with不能 +todo★注意：被修饰名词 省略) 通常是不定式的逻辑宾语。 √He came to see me.（目的) She was surprised to hear 作状语 表示目的、原因、结果等。 he news..（原因)√Heis too young to go to school. 果：太…而不能) My dream is to become a 放在系动词后，说明主语的 作表语 doctor.The most important 内容或特征。 thing is to study hard. 疑问词(what,which,whe, √I don't know what to do.√ “疑问词+不定式”结构 where,how,who等)+不定 Can you tell me how to get 式，在句中作主语、宾语、 there? 表语等。 3.高频考点与易错辨析 ①不定式与动名词的区分（中考必考） 有些动词后只能接不定式：want,hope,wish,decide,plan,agree,learn,promise,refuse 有些动词后只能接动名词：enjoy,,finish,mind,suggest,,keep,practice,consider,,avoid 有些动词后接不定式和动名词意义不同： remember to do(记得要做某事)vs remember doing(记得做过某事) forget to do(忘记要做某事)vs forget doing(忘记做过某事) stop to do(停下来去做另一件事)vs stop doing(停止正在做的事) try to do(努力做某事)vs try doing(尝试做某事) ②感官动词和使役动词后的不定式（中考高频） 感官动词(see,watch,notice,hear,feel)和使役动词(make,let,have)后，不定式 省略to。 结构：see/watch/hear/feel/make/let/have+sb.+do sth 但改为被动语态时，必须补回to:sb.is made to do sth I saw him play basketball.-He was seen to play basketball My mother made me clean the room.I was made to clean the room. ③不定式的逻辑主语与for/ofsb.的区分（中档题) It's+adj.+for sb.+todo:形容词为描述事物性质的词(difficult,.easy,important, necessary,possible) 例：It's important for us to study hard It's+adi.+ofsb.+todo:形容词为描述人的性格品质的词(kind,nice,clever,. foolish,polite,rude) 例：It's kind of you to help me. ④不定式与疑问词连用的特殊形式 常见疑问词：what,which,when,where,.how,who+todo 注意： why不接不定式，而接do(hy do.?) 例：Idon't know where to go./Tell me how to do it.. 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-What do you want to do this weekend? A.go B.going C.to go D.goes 2.The teacher told us in the hallway A.don't run B.not run C.not to run D.to not run 3.It's important the environment. A.protect B.to protect C.protecting D.protected 4.I saw him basketball on the playground just now. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 5.My mother often makes me my homework before dinner. A.do B.to do C.doing D.does 6.-Do you remember the window? A.close B.to close C.closing D.closed 7.The little boy was too young to school by himself. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 8.I don't know this problem.Can you help me? A.what to solve B.how to solve C.to solve what D.to solve how 9.He promised late for class again. A.not be B.not to be C.to not be D.don't be 10.It's kind you to help me with my English. A.for B.of C.to D.with (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式（必要时加to)。 My name is Li Hua.I am a middle school student.I have many hobbies,but my favorite is 1. (read)books.My mother always tells me 2. (spend)more time on study However,I think reading is also important. Last week,my teacher asked us 3. (write)a report about our future dreams.I decided 4. (become)a doctor.It's not easy 5.(achieve)this goal,but I will try my best. Last Sunday,I saw an old man 6. (fall)down on the street.I stopped 7. (help)him.He was too weak 8. (stand)up by himself.I helped him 9. (call)his son.The old man thanked me and said,"It's very kind 10. (me)to help him.”(提示：填介词+不定式逻辑主语) (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.老师让我每天读英语。 The teacher me English every day. 2.他太累了，不能继续走了。 Heis tired 3.你不记得带作业了吗？ Don't you remember your homework? 4.我的梦想是将来当一名科学家。 My dreamis a scientist in the future. 5她不知道该穿什么去参加聚会。 She doesn't know the party. 6对于我们来说，学好数学很重要。 It's important us math well 7.我看见他正在教室里唱歌。（注意：表示看见动作正在进行） I saw him in the classroom 8.你最好早点起床。(had better+do) You up early. 9这个问题太难了，我回答不了。 This question is difficult me 10.他邀请我下周去看电影。 He invited me a movie next week 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.B4.A;5.A;6B;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.to read 2.to spend 3.to write 4.to become 5.to achieve 6.fall 7.to help 填空 8.to stand 9.call 10.of me (三)完成 1.asks;to read 2.too;to walk on 3.to bring 4.to become 5.what to wear for 句子 6.for,to leam 7.singing 8.had better get 9.too;for,to answer 10.to watch