Unit 2 School Life-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 2 School Life 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆have got所有用法 食可数名词单复数的规则与不规则变化 章 语法精讲精练一 1.have got的定义与功能 定义 功能说明 have got表 示“拥 有”，常用 于英国英语 不能拆开理解为“得到”的完成时；have got是固定短语，got不可省略。 口语，相当 于美国英语 中的have (拥有)。 例：I have got a new bike.=I 强调“有”的状态，而非动作。 have a new bike. 核心考点：have got不是现在完成时，不可与get的完成时混淆。 例如：I have got apresent.（我有一份礼物。)≠Ihave got a present.(我收到了礼物。一一此句 有歧义，但初一只讲“拥有”义。) 2.have got的基本用法 (1)肯定结构 人称 完整形式 缩写形式 例 I/You /We/ have got 've got They I've got a cat He/She/It has got 's got She's got a red dress. ★主语是第三人称单数时，用has got,,不能用have goto √He has got a new bag. X He have got a new bag (2)否定结构 人称 完整否定 缩写否定 例 I/You /We/ have not got haven't got I haven't got any money. They He/She/It has not got hasn't got She hasn't got a brother. ★否定式必须使用hasn't/haven't+got,不能直接写成“don't have got'。 √She hasn't got a pet. X She doesn't have got a pet. (3)疑问结构 类型 结构 例 一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+got+其他？ Have you got a pen? 肯定回答 Yes,主语+have/has. Yes,I have. 否定回答 No,主语+haven't/hasn't. No,I haven't. 疑问词+have/has+主语+got+其 特殊疑问句 他？ What have you got in your bag? ★注意：疑问句中got不能省略。 Have you got a ruler? X Have you a ruler?(过时用法，现代英语少用) (4)have got to表示“必须”(=have to/must) 结构 例 have /has got to+动词 I have got to finish my homework 原形 否定： haven't You haven't got to come if you're busy. hasn't got to (不必) 疑问：Have /Has+主语 Have you got to go now? +got to...? ★口语中常读作/'havagata/或/hazgata/。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） ①have got vs.have (美国英语vs英国英语) 比较项 have got(英式常用) have(美式常用) 肯定 I've got a car. I have a car. 否定 I haven't got a car. I don't have a car. 般疑问句 Have you got a car? Do you have a car? ★中考中两种形式均可，但同一题目内不可混用。 例如：X Have you got a car?-Yes,Ido.(应回答Yes,Ihave.) ②have got to vs..must 侧重点 have got to must 主观客观 强调客观需要(“不得不”) 强调主观义务(“必须”) 时态 般只用现在时 可用于过去时(had to) 例：I have got to see a doctor.(因为生病， 客观需要) I must study harder.（主观决心) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1. you got any sisters?-No,I A.Have,haven't B.Do;don't C.Have;don't D.Are;aren't 2.Tom a new football.He likes playing it. A.has got B.have got C.is got D.has get 3.-Have they got any orange juice?-Yes,they_ A.have B.have got C.do D.has 4.She got a pink schoolbag.Her mother bought it for her. A.have B.hasn't C.has D.haven't 5.I got to finish my homework before 8 o'clock. A.have B.has C.haven't D.don't 6.-What you got in your hand?-A new pen. A.do B.have C.are D.has 7.We got any milk.Let's go and buy some. A.have B.haven't C.has D.hasn't 8.-Has Lily got a pet dog? A.Yes,she has B.No,she hasn't C.Yes,she does D.No,she doesn't 9.My brother got a new bike,but I haven't A.have B.has C.doesn't D.hasn't 10.You got to be late for school again.The teacher will be angry. A.haven't B.have C.has D.don't (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每空一词，注意使用have got/has got/ haven'tgot/hasm'tgot等形式)。 Hello!My name is Mike.I 1. (have got)a happy family.There are four people in my family: my father,my mother,my sister and me My father 2. (have got)a car.It's blue.He drives it to work every day.My mother 3. (not have got)a car.She goes to work by bus My sister 4. (have got)a lovely cat.Its name is Mimi.I 5. (not have got)any pets. But I6. (have got)a lot of books.I love reading. We 7. (have got)a big garden in front of our house.There are many flowers in it.Sometimes we 8. (have got to)water them in summer. Next week.we 9. (have got to)visit my grandparents.They live in the countyside.I 10. (have got)a new camera.I can take photos there (三)完成句子 1.你有一本英文字典吗？ you an English dictionary? 2.她没有任何兄弟姐妹。She brothers or sisters 3.他们有一只狗和两只猫。They a dog and two cats 4.我们不得不早起赶校车。We get up early to catch the school bus. 5.你书包里有什么？ you in your schoolbag? 6我没有玩具熊，但我有一个玩具汽车。I a teddy bear,but I a toy car. 7.他必须现在完成作业吗？ he finish his homework now? 8这里有一些苹果。你想要一个吗？ you an apple?-Yes,please. 9.他们不需要每天做饭。They cook every day. 10.我弟弟有一张新的书桌。My brother a new desk. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.C5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.have got 2.has got 3.hasn't got 4.has got 5.haven't got 6.have got 7.have 填空 got 8.have got to ;9.have got to 10.have got (三)完成 1.Have;got 2.hasn't got any 3.have got;4.have got to 5.What have;got; 句子 6.haven't got;have got 7.Has;got to 8.Have;got 9.haven't got to 10.has got 章 语法精讲精练二 1.名词的定义与分类 定义：名词(Noun)是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词。 分类：根据是否可数，名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词：有单复数之分，可以用数词直接修饰（如one book,two books)。 不可数名词：没有单复数变化，不可被数词直接修饰（如water,.ice)。 2.可数名词复数形式的规则变化（中考高频考点） 情况 构成方法 读音规则 例词 清辅音后读/s/;浊 book-→books/bks/, ①一般情况 直接在词尾加8 辅音和元音后读/z/ pen→pens/penz/. bus→ouses, ②以sx,ch,sh结 在词尾加-es 读/1z/ box→boxes, 尾 watch→watches, bush→brushes family→families, baby→babies, city→cities★注意： ③以“辅音字母+ 变y为i,再加日 读/1z/ 若以“元音字母+ y”结尾 y结尾，直接加 S。如boy-boys, day→days knife→knives, leaf→leaves, half→halves, 变ffe为V,再加 wife-wives★特 ④以f或fe结尾 读/vz/ -es 例：少数直接加· 3。如1oof→roo因 (屋顶)， glf→guls(海湾) 加-es: potato-→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, 有生命：加-es(常 与“英雄爱吃土豆西 hero→he1oes, ⑤以·结尾 -es读/z/;g读/z mang0-→nangoes加 红柿芒果”口诀关 联)无生命：加s -s:photo-→photos, pian0→pianos, radio→radios, Z00→Z00S 3.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化（中考必背清单） 变化类型 构成方式 例词 ①改变元音 单词内部的元音字母发生变 1man→men, 化 woman→women foot→feet,tooth→teeth, goose→geese, 1 nouse→1m1ce child→children, oX→0Xen ②词尾加rem 极少数单词的特殊变化 (公牛，较少考) sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fsh-→fish, Chinese-→Chinese, ③单复数同形 单数形式和复数形式相同 Japanese→Japanese★注意： sh表“鱼的种类”时，复 数为fishes。.woks(工厂) 单复数同形。 passer--by→passers-by(路 人)，son-in-law→sons-im law(女婿)，looker- ④复合名词变复数 通常将主体名词变为复数 on→lookers-on（旁观者) ★特例：由ma/woman扮 性别的复合词，两部分均变 复数。如woman doctor-→vomen docto1s 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考) ①持续考查：量词(pair of/kilo of)后名词的变化 结构：数量词+of+可数名词复数 例：a pair of glasses (一 副眼镜)，two pieces of bread (两块面包)，three kilos of apples(三公斤苹果) √口诀：“量词单复数，名词随其后；量词变，名词不变复数”。即pair/piece/kilo等 量词有单复数变化，o「后的可数名词必须用复数。 ②形单意复的集体名词(family/class/team) 作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数；强调成员个体时，谓语动词用复数。 例：My family is a big one..(我的家庭是个大家庭。→强调整体) My family are all watching TV.(我的家人都在看电视。→强调每个成员) ③数词+名词作定语时的用法 结构：数词+单数名词+连字符构成复合形容词，修饰名词。 √此时名词必须用单数形式！ 例：a five-year-old boy(一个五岁的男孩)→不能说a five--years--old boy。 atwo-hour meeting(一个两小时的会议) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.There are many on the farm. A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.a sheep 2.The two are talking with their students. A.woman teachers B.women teacher C.women teachers D.woman teacher 3.-How many do you want? -Two kilos,please. A.orange B.oranges C.the orange D.an orange 4.My are all friendly to me A.classmate B.classmates C.classmate's D.classmates' 5.I need four of bread for the party. A.pieces B.piece C.a piece D.pieces' 6.This is a building.It's very tall. A.20-storeys B.20-storey C.20 storey D.20 storeys 7.There are many on the wall.They look beautiful. A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 8.The are having dinner in the restaurant. A.passers by B.passers-bys C.passer-bys D.passers-by 9.His family all looking forward to the trip. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.The little boy has lost two A.tooth B.toothes C.teeths D.teeth (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 My uncle is a farmer.He has many 1. (sheep)and cows.He also keeps some 2. (goose)and 3. (mouse)in the barn.Every morning,he feeds the 4. (animal). Last week,I visited his farm.I saw two 5. (man)working in the field.They were fixing a broken fence.There were also some 6. (child)playing with the baby 7. (dog). My uncle told me a funny story.Once,a 8. (woman)came to buy some 9. (potato).She asked for five 10. (kilo)in total.My uncle helped her carry them to her car. Life on the farm is busy but happy. (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.树上有一些猴子。 There are some the tree. 2.我需要两公斤苹果。 I need two of 3.这些女医生工作很努力。 These work very hard. 4.她有一个八岁大的弟弟。 She has an brother. 5.湖边有两只鹿。 There are two by the 6.那位老师正在和她的学生们谈话。 The teacher is talking with her 7.这些西红柿很新鲜。 These are very fresh 8.我们班有五十个学生。 Our class has 9这个农民养了三十只羊。 The farmer keeps thirty 10.那些小男孩长着洁白的牙齿。 Those little boys have white 三、参考答案 (一)单项 103033D1D5AD 7P oD j OD 10D