Unit 4 Interests and Abilities-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（北师大版）

Unit 4 Interests and Abilities 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★1.情态动词can表示能力的用法2.情态动词can表示请求与许可的用法 ★不定冠词a/an与定冠词the的用法 语法精讲精练一 1.情态动词can的定义与特征 项目 说明 定义 情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人的能力、请求、许可、可能性等，不能单独作谓 语，必须与动词原形连用。 核心考点 ①无人称和数的变化（主语是he/she/It时，can不变，仍用can)②后接动词原 形③否定式cant/cannot,疑问式Can+主语+动词原形？ can只有现在时和过去时(could);其他时态（将来、完成等）需用be able to代 时态限制 替。 2.用法一：表示能力(Ability） (1)核心结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+can+动词原形 I can swim. 否定句 主语+cant/cannot+动词原形 He can't speak English. 般疑问句 Can+主语+动词原形？ Can you dance? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+can+主语+动词原形？ What can she do? (2)时间表达 表示现在的能力：can/camt She can play the piano very well. 表示过去的能力：could/couldn't When I was young,I could climb trees easily. (3)中考易错点 无人称变化：She can play/She cans play X can后动词用原形：Hle can goes X→He can go/ 与be able to的区别： can只有现在/过去两种形式：be able to有各种时态(will be able to,.have been able to等)。 表示过去某一次成功做成某事，只能用was/were able to(相当于managed to),不能用 could。 He was able to escape from the fire.(强调成功逃脱，不能用could) 3.用法二：表示请求与许可(Request&Permission) (1)请求许可（征求对方同意） 句式 结构 例句 回答 肯定：Yes,you can./ Sure./Of course.否定： 问句 CanI/we+动词原形？ Can I open the window? Sorry,you can't./No,you can't./Not now. 问句（更委 同上，但could语气更礼 Could I/we+动词原形？ 婉) Could I borrow your pen? 貌，不是过去时。 (2)请求对方做某事 句式 结构 例句 Can you+ Can you help me? Could you please pass me the salt? 动词原形？ 肯定回答 Sure.Of course./No problem. 否定回答 Sorry,I can't./I'm afraid not. (3)中考常考辨点 CanI?和Could I.?均可表请求，could更客气。 MayI.?更正式，常用于书面或严肃场合，但初中主要掌握can。 否定回答不用can't时可换用Sory,Im afraid not. 4.易混辨析 辨析点 说明 例句 can更口语化，may更正式。中考单选 can vs may(许 常考：问“我可以…吗？”两者均可 Can I go now?√/May I go now?√ 可) 选，但may不常用于否定疑问句。 can vs be able She can swim now./She will be able to 见上文。 to(能力) swim next year. can't vs mustn't can't表示“不允许/不可能”；nustn't You can't park here..(不允许)/You (禁止) 表示“禁止/绝对不可以”。 mustn't smoke here.(禁止) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题，共3大题） (一)单项选择 1. you play the guitar? A.Can B.Could C.May D.Must 2.My mother cook delicious food when she was young. A.can B.could C.is able to D.may 3.-Can I borrow your bike? A.Yes,you can B.No,you can't C.Sure D.Of course 4. you please pass me the book?-Certainly.Here you are. A.Can B.Could C.May D.Must 5.He was so tired that he walk any further. A.can't B.couldn't C.wasn't able to D.may not 6. I use your dictionary? A.Can B.Must C.Should D.will 7.The little girl read when she was only three years old. A.can B.could C.is able to D.may 8. you speak English?-Yes,but only a little. A.Can B.Could C.May D.Need 9.-Could I smoke here? A.can't B.couldn't C.mustn't D.needn't 10.I finish my homework on time if I try my best. A.can B.could C.am able to D.may (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用所给单词的正确形式填空（每空一词）。 My name is Tom.I 1. (can)ride a bike now,but I 2. (can)do it two years ago.Last month,my father taught me how to ride.At first,I 3. (can not)keep balance.But after many tries,I 4. (be able to)ride for five minutes.Now I 5. (can)ride to school every day. Yesterday,I asked my friend Jack,"6. (Can)you ride a bike?"He said,"Yes,I 7. .I learned it when I was six." This morning,I wanted to borrow Jack's bike,so I said,"8. (Can)I use your bike this aftemoon?"He replied,"Sure,you 9 But please return it before six."I said,"Thank you 10. (Can)you help me fix the seat?It's a little loose."He smiled and said,"No problem." (三)完成句子 1.他会弹吉他吗？ he the guitar? 2.我小时候不能游泳。I when I was young. 3.你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？ you me this box? 4.我们可以在这里拍照吗？ we photos here? 5.她昨天成功爬到了山顶。She reach the top of the mountain yesterday. 6.对不起，你现在不能进去。Soy,you in now. 7.他能用英语写故事。He stones English. 8我可以借你的词典吗？一一当然可以。 your dictionary?-Of course you 9.如果努力，你将来会能说流利的英语。If you work hard,you speak fluent English in the future 10.你能告诉我怎么去车站吗？ you me how to the station? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.can 2.couldn't 3.could not couldn't 4.was able to 5.can 6.Can 7.can; 填空 8.Can ;9.can 10.Can 1.Can;play 2.couldn't swim 3.Can;help;carry 4.Can;take 5.was able to; (三)完成 6.can't go 7.can;write;in 8.Can;borrow;can 9.will be able to 10.Can;tell;to 句子 get 语法精讲精练二 1.冠词的定义与功能 定义：冠词(Article)是虚词，放在名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。英语冠词分三类：不 定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)、零冠词（不用冠词）。 核心考点：aan表“一个/一类”；the表“特指/独一无二/上文提到过”。中考常考语境 中的“第一次提及Vs再次提及”及固定搭配。 2.不定冠词a/an的基本用法 用法分类 具体说明 例句 用于可数名词单数前，泛指 A dog is a faithful animal. ①表示“一个/一类” 某一类人或事物中的任意一 是忠诚的动物。) 个。 在对话或文章中第一次提到 I saw a boy in the park.(我看 ②第一次提及 某人/物时用aano 见一个男孩。) ③表示“每一” 相当于per,常用于时间、价 I go to the library once a week. 格、速度等。 (我每周去一次图书馆。) have a cold,take a walk,in a ④固定搭配 hmy,a lot of等。 He caught a cold yesterday. a用于辅音音素开头的词前： am用于元音音素开头的词 ★a与an的区别 a university ju:/;an hour 前。注意：判断依据是发 /avar/;an honest boy 音，不是字母。 3.定冠词the的基本用法 用法分类 具体说明 例句 The book on the desk is mine. 双方都知道或上下文已明确 ①特指 (桌子上的那本书是我 的人或事物。 的。) 再次提到前面己出现的人或 ②上文提到过 物。 I have a cat.The cat is white. ③独一无二 太阳、月亮、地球、世界等 自然现象。 The sun rises in the east. the first,the second,the most ④序数词/最高级前 He is the tallest in our class. beautifil等。 ⑤演奏乐器 西洋乐器前加he。 She plays the piano very well. ⑥姓氏复数前 表示一家人或夫妇。 The Smiths are having dinner. in the morning,by the way,the ⑦固定搭配 I get up at 7 in the momning. same等。 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)a/an与the的区别 a/an表泛指（第一次提及/一类中的任何一个）；he表特指（说话双方都知道/前 文提到过)。 例：I bought a pen yesterday.The pen is blue.(第一次用a,第二次用the) (2)a与anm的选择（发音判断） 口诀：不见“元音”不加an。注意：字母u在ju:/时用a(a useful tool）);h”不 发音时用an(an hour)。 (3)零冠词（不用冠词）常见情况 专有名词(China,,Tom)、学科(math)、球类/棋类(play basketball)、三餐(have breakfast)、星期/月份/季节(on Monday,.in summer）)等。 ★注意：一日三餐前有形容词修饰时，可加a/an(a good breakfast)。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.There is “u”and s'in the word "use?”. A.a,a B.a,an C.an;a D.an;an 2.My mother is teacher.She loves students very much. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.a,a 3.-What do you want to be when you grow up? A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.I have apple apple is red and sweet. A.a;The B.an;The C.the;An D.an;A 5.Can you play guitar?-No,but I can play basketball. A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./ 6.There is old tree near my house. tree is over 100 years old. A.an;The B.a;The C.the;An D.an;A 7.-What's date today?-It's first of June. A.the;a B.the;the C.a;the D.a;a 8. man in a black hat is my uncle.He works in university. A.The;a B.The;an C.A;the D.A;an 9.My sister often has breakfast at home.But today she has big breakfast at school. A./;a B.a,/ C.;/ D.a,a 10. earth moves around sun A.The;the B.A;the C.The;a D.;/ (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的冠词（不需要时填“/”）。 1.I have pet cat. cat is very cute 2.There is elephant in the zoo. elephant is from Africa. 3.My father is engineer.He works in big company. 4.-Can you play piano?-No,but I can play chess. 5. sun is bigger than moon 6.I usually go to school by bus,but today I take taxi 7.-What do you have for lunch?-I just have hamburger 8.This is useful book. book is about English history 9. Huanghe River is longest river in China 10.My brother wants to be astronaut when he grows up. (三)完成句子（共10题) 1.她是个诚实的女孩。 She is girl. 2.太阳从东方升起，西方落下。 sun rises in east and sets in west. 3.我昨天买了一本有趣的书。这本书是关于动物的。 I bought interesting book yesterday. book is about animals. 4.请给我一个苹果，那个最大的。 Please give me apple, biggest one. 5.我们每天吃早饭，但今天早饭很丰盛。 We have breakfast every day,but today we have big breakfast. 6.他是我最好的朋友之一。 Heis of my friends. 7.你能弹吉他吗？不，我会打篮球。 Can you play guitar?No,I can play basketball 8.一楼有一间教室。那是我们班。 There is classroom on first floor. classroom is ours 9我妈妈是位老师，她在小学工作。 My mother is teacher.She works in primary school. 10.这是第一次我来北京。 This is first time that I come to Beijing. 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B氵2.A；3.A;4.B;5B；6.A;7B;8.A；9.A;10.A (二)语法 1.a;The 2.an;The 3.an;a 4.the,/;5.The;the 6./;a 7./,a;8.a;The; 填空 9.The,the 10.an (三)完成 1.an honest;2.The;the;the 3.an;The 4.an;the 5./,a 6.one;the best; 句子 7.the,/8.a;the,The 9.aa 10.the