Unit 6 课时3 Section A Grammar Focus（分层作业）英语新教材鲁教版五四制九年级全一册

**基本信息** 初中英语Unit 6课时3语法聚焦同步练，以A/B/C组+拓展分层设计，梯度覆盖词汇→句型→语篇应用，衔接中考，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇默写、基础句型翻译|通过单词/词组默写夯实语法焦点，如“可能性”“灰烬”等名词及“某种”“与……有关”等词组| |B组能力进阶|情态动词语法应用|单项选择与填空结合，如“must/can't”表推测，训练语境中语法运用能力| |C组思维拔高|历史文化语篇理解|阅读理解（如庞贝古城、铜奔马）与阅读填空（三星堆），渗透文化意识，提升推理分析能力| |拓展链接中考|中考真题演练|选取济南历下区模考题，如情境问答、阅读理解，衔接测评，培养应试能力|

Unit 6 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 核心知识速记 词汇 1. ash 2.wealth 3. unlikely 4.trade 5. jade 6. repair 句型 【参考答案】 1. That object must be a horn of some kind. 2. Researchers now think that may be wrong. 3. I guess it might be ash. 4. King Tut’s death could be related to an illness. 5. That silk clothing can’t be very heavy. 一、单词默写。 1. possibility 2. ash 3. illness 4. jade 5. sculpture 6. unique 7. condition 8. repair 9. treasure 10. basic 11. training 12. effort 13. afford 二、词组默写。 1. some kind 2. be related to 3. in terrible condition 4. it depends 5. lose the chance to do sth. 6. try one’s best 7. be worth the effort 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. she can’t be poor 2.could be a person of great wealth 3.it could/might take years to repair just one book 4.lose the chance 5.I’ll try my best 6.It is worth the effort 一、单项选择。 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D 二、 用适当的情态动词填空。 1. May/Could 2. can’t 3. can’t 4. may not 5. Might 6. Can 7. can 8. can 9. Could; mustn’t 10. Must 一、阅读理解 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 二、阅读填空 1．since 2．effort 3．discoveries 4．cultures 5．to form 6．that 7．so 8．so 9．their 10．magical 一、阅读理解 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 二、情景运用 【参考答案】 1．He/Bob lost his school ID card in/at the library./He/Bob lost it in/at the library. 2．We/You can take the subway./We/You can travel by subway.（其他动词合理即可） 3．Have you planted trees (yet)?/ Have you planted a tree (yet)? 4．She/Lisa was drawing/painting a horse (when I arrived home). 5．When was the Great Wall built?/When did (the ancient/Chinese) people/emperors build the Great Wall? ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 6 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________n.灰烬；废墟 3. ___________ adj.不大可能发生的 5. ____________ n.玉；翡翠 2. ___________n.财产；财富 4. ___________ n.贸易；买卖 6. ____________ v. & n.修理；修补 句型 1. 那件器物一定是某种兽角。 ____________________________________________________  2. 研究人员现在认为这或许是错的。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我猜它可能是灰烬。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 图坦卡蒙国王的死或许和疾病有关。 ____________________________________________________ 5. 那件丝质衣服不可能很重。 ____________________________________________________ 一、单词默写。 1. ________ n. 可能性 2. ________ n. 灰烬 3. ________ n. 疾病 4. ________ n. 玉石 5. ________ n. 雕像，雕塑 6. ________ adj. 独一无二的 7. ________ n. 状况 8. ________ v. 修复，修补 9. ________ n. 珍宝，宝物 10. ________ adj. 基础的 11. ________ n. 培训 12. ________ n. 努力 13. ________ v. 买得起，负担得起 二、词组默写。 1. 某种 ________________ 2. 与……有关 ________________ 3. 状况极差 ________________ 4. 视情况而定 ________________ 5. 失去做某事的机会 ________________ 6. 尽某人最大努力 ________________ 7. 值得付出努力 ________________ 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 如果她买得起这块金表，那她不可能贫穷。 If she can afford the gold watch, _________________________. 2. 这些玉器说明主人可能非常富有。 The jade objects suggest that the owner ________________________________. 3. 有时候，修复一本书可能要耗费数年时间。 Sometimes, _________________________________. 4. 一旦它们消失，我们就可能失去了解一段重要历史的机会。 Once they are gone, we might/could ______________to understand an important part of our history. 5.这肯定不容易，但我会全力以赴！  It can’t be easy, but______________________ ! 6. 这份付出是值得的。________________________________. 一、单项选择。 1.-He______be in the classroom，I think． -No，he____be in the classroom．I saw him go home a minute ago． A. can； may not B. must； may not C. may； mustn't D. may； can't 2.--Will Anna go to the movies with us tonight? -- She go, but I’m not sure. A. may B. can C. must D. should 3.﹣Could I invite my friends to the party on Saturday，Mom？ ﹣Of course you _____．That sounds like fun． A．may B．could C．must D．can 4.In some countries，people _______download （下载） music from the Internet without paying，because it's against the law． A．wouldn't B．needn't C．mustn't D．couldn't 5.﹣I'd love to go to the water park with you．But I _______ swim． ﹣It doesn't matter．I will teach you． A．must B．mustn't C．can D．can't 6.We should keep quiet in the cinema．We _______ speak loudly． A．can B．must C．needn't D．mustn't 7.You _______ set out alone，or you __________ get lost in the jungle． A．needn't，may B．mustn't，might C．cant，need D．mustn't，must 8. A good friend is someone you ______ share your pleasure and pain with. A. can B. need C. should D. must 9.If you want to be on the school football team, you _______ train harder. A. can B. will C. may D. must 10.The little boy has just had lunch. He __________ be hungry already. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t 二、 用适当的情态动词填空。 1.—________ I have your family name? —Of course. It’s Smith. 2.—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). 3.The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his. 4.—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. 5.—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon? —Sure. Let’s go! 6.Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me? 7.It’s true that robots ______ do a lot of things, such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on. 8.—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon? —Yes, of course you can. 9.– Mum, it’s too hot. ________ I swim in the lake? -No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous! 10. — __________ I complete the composition today, sir? —No, you needn’t. You may hand it in tomorrow morning. 一、阅读理解 A When we think of history, we often think of kings, queens, and famous battles. But what about the everyday people? How did they live? Thanks to a special kind of archaeology (考古学), we are learning more about the lives of regular people in the past. This is called “household archaeology”. Instead of digging in palaces or temples, household archaeologists dig in ordinary houses, farms, and villages. One famous household archaeology project took place in Pompeii, an ancient Roman city. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, the city was buried under ash. Everything, including ordinary people’s homes, was preserved. By studying these homes, archaeologists learned how common Romans lived—what they ate, how they decorated their rooms, and even what their jobs were. Another example is from the American Southwest. Archaeologists studied the ancient Pueblo people who lived in large apartment-like buildings called “pueblos”. By looking at the trash left behind, they found that the Pueblo people ate corn, beans, and hunted wild animals. They also traded with other groups. Household archaeology helps us understand that history is not just about famous people. It is about all of us. 1．What is “household archaeology”? A．Studying the lives of rich people. B．Studying palaces and temples. C．Studying the lives of regular people. D．Studying famous battles. 2．Why is Pompeii a good place for household archaeology? A．Because it was a rich city. B．Because it was buried under ash. C．Because it had many palaces. D．Because it had many famous people. 3．How did archaeologists learn about the Pueblo people? A．By studying their art. B．By studying their trash. C．By studying their kings. D．By studying their temples. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．History is only about famous people. B．Ordinary people’s lives are not important. C．History is about everyone, not just famous people. D．Household archaeology is boring. 5．Where might the passage be from? A．A science fiction story. B．A history magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A cookbook. B The Flying Horse of Gansu In the Gansu Provincial Museum in Lanzhou, there stands a world-famous bronze horse. It is known as the “Bronze Galloping Horse (铜奔马)” or “Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow (马踏飞燕)”. Discovered in 1969 in Wuwei, Gansu, this 2,000-year-old treasure has become a symbol of Chinese tourism. The horse is not very large—only 34.5 centimeters tall and 45 centimeters long. But its artistic value is priceless. It shows a horse running at full speed, with its tail flying in the wind. Three of its hooves (蹄) are lifted in the air, while the fourth hoof touches a flying swallow. The artist’s great skill is shown in how the horse keeps perfect balance on just one small point—the swallow. And the swallow looks up in surprise, as if it cannot believe a horse could run so fast. For many years, experts have studied why this Eastern Han Dynasty artwork is so special. Some believe it shows that ancient Chinese artists had a deep understanding of balance and movement. Others think it shows the importance of horses in ancient China. During the Han Dynasty, horses were necessary for military (军事的) use and played a key role in the ancient Silk Road trade. Wuwei was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, so it is not surprising that such a beautiful bronze horse was found there. Today, the Flying Horse serves as a cultural ambassador (大使) for China. It has traveled to many countries. However, the original bronze horse ________ leaves the museum in Lanzhou because it is too valuable and fragile (易碎的). Instead, good copies are sent to exhibitions (展览会) abroad, so that people around the world can still enjoy this great artwork and learn about Gansu’s rich history. 6．Where was the Bronze Galloping Horse discovered? A．In Lanzhou. B．In Wuwei. C．In Pingliang. D．In Qingyang. 7．How does the bronze horse keep its balance according to the passage? A．It stands on three hooves. B．Its tail touches the ground. C．It is fixed to a heavy base. D．One of its hooves touches a flying swallow. 8．What does the surprised look on the swallow’s face suggest? A．The horse is running very fast. B．The swallow is afraid of the horse. C．The horse is going to hurt the swallow. D．The swallow has never seen a horse before. 9．Why were horses so important during the Han Dynasty? A．Because they were used as farm animals. B．Because they were necessary for war and trade. C．Because they were symbols of wealth for ancient people. D．Because they were sold to many countries along the ancient Silk Road. 10．Which of the following should be put in ________? A．often B．regularly C．seldom D．Sometimes 二、阅读填空 Sanxingdui is the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. It lies in the northwest of Guanghan, Sichuan Province. Archaeologists have been working there 1 1934. Many people before me put in a great deal of 2 (effort). As I continued their work, I often felt like I was standing on the shoulders of giants. The surprising 3 (discover) are the fruit of 90 years of effort. The finds at Sanxingdui provide a missing piece of Chinese history. Sanxingdui was a centre of different 4 (culture). This proves that Chinese culture was open from a very early period. Different cultures mixed with each other 5 (form) today’s China. Sanxingdui is such a wonderful place 6 people visit it from all over the world. We are able to open a door to the past 7 that people can better understand the history of our country. The treasures are 8 beautiful that they come alive in my imagination. People in the ancient Shu Kingdom were so creative that we are amazed by 9 (they) works. Over the past 40 years, I have never felt bored with my work in this 10 (magic) place. 一、阅读理解 （2026· 济南历下区三模） A Carlos Mendez, 38, grew up in a working-class community in Houston, Texas. “School never felt like it was for me,” he once said. For years, he had difficulty in reading, being able to read only a few simple words. He worked part-time jobs—building, gardening, food service, but his reading problem always held him back. He depended on audio apps (音频软件) and asked others to read messages for him, and he often lied about his reading ability to avoid embarrassment. In 2024, after his daughter was born, he decided to change his life. “I want to read her bedtime stories one day,” he told himself. With the help of his wife, Lila, Carlos began learning to read at the age of 36. Every night, they sat together at the kitchen table, starting with simple picture books and slowly moving to children’s chapter books. “There were nights I wanted to give up,” he said. But he kept going, and after a year, he could read full paragraphs without help. Later, he even started sharing his reading journey on social media, which brought something unexpected. People began to follow his progress, cheering him on as he read more challenging books. “I realized my story might help someone else feel less alone,” he said. Today, Carlos has over 250,000 followers on TikTok, where he posts live book readings and shares tips for adult learners. Many people say his videos have inspired them to pick up a book again. Now, Carlos lives with his family in Austin, Texas. He reads to his daughter every night and hopes to write a children’s book someday. “I never thought I’d be someone who could help others learn to read,” he said. “This life, this family, this purpose—it’s everything I’ve ever wanted.” 1．What can we know about Carlos’ past? A．He could hardly read. B．He didn’t mind his weakness. C．He had a full-time job. D．He read stories to his daughter. 2．How did Carlos start improving his reading skills? A．By using some audio apps. B．By teaching others to read. C．By practicing step by step. D．By taking an online course. 3．What happened after Carlos shared his reading journey online? A．He became rich. B．He stopped reading. C．He wrote a book. D．He received support. 4．Which of the following best describes Carlos? A．Shy but polite. B．Caring and brave. C．Kind but strict. D．Active and honest. 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Time waits for no man. B．East or west, home is best. C．Each coin has two sides. D．It’s never too late to learn. 二、情境运用 根据所提供的图片，用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 （2026·济南历下区一模） 1． A: Where did Bob lose his school ID card? B: ________________________________________. 2． A: What can we do to avoid heavy traffic? B: ________________________________________. 3． A: ________________________________________? B: No, I haven’t. We are going to do that tomorrow. 4． A: What was Lisa doing when you arrived home? B: ________________________________________. It’s her favorite animal. 5． A: ________________________________________? B: More than 2000 years ago. $ Unit 6 A Look into the Past 课时3 Section A (Grammar Focus) 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________n.灰烬；废墟 3. ___________ adj.不大可能发生的 5. ____________ n.玉；翡翠 2. ___________n.财产；财富 4. ___________ n.贸易；买卖 6. ____________ v. & n.修理；修补 【答案】1. ash 2.wealth 3. unlikely 4.trade 5. jade 6. repair 句型 1. 那件器物一定是某种兽角。 ____________________________________________________  2. 研究人员现在认为这或许是错的。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 我猜它可能是灰烬。 ____________________________________________________ 4. 图坦卡蒙国王的死或许和疾病有关。 ____________________________________________________ 5. 那件丝质衣服不可能很重。 ____________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. That object must be a horn of some kind. 2. Researchers now think that may be wrong. 3. I guess it might be ash. 4. King Tut’s death could be related to an illness. 5. That silk clothing can’t be very heavy. 一、单词默写。 1. ________ n. 可能性 2. ________ n. 灰烬 3. ________ n. 疾病 4. ________ n. 玉石 5. ________ n. 雕像，雕塑 6. ________ adj. 独一无二的 7. ________ n. 状况 8. ________ v. 修复，修补 9. ________ n. 珍宝，宝物 10. ________ adj. 基础的 11. ________ n. 培训 12. ________ n. 努力 13. ________ v. 买得起，负担得起 【答案】 1. possibility 2. ash 3. illness 4. jade 5. sculpture 6. unique 7. condition 8. repair 9. treasure 10. basic 11. training 12. effort 13. afford 二、词组默写。 1. 某种 ________________ 2. 与……有关 ________________ 3. 状况极差 ________________ 4. 视情况而定 ________________ 5. 失去做某事的机会 ________________ 6. 尽某人最大努力 ________________ 7. 值得付出努力 ________________ 【答案】1. some kind 2. be related to 3. in terrible condition 4. it depends 5. lose the chance to do sth. 6. try one’s best 7. be worth the effort 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1. 如果她买得起这块金表，那她不可能贫穷。 If she can afford the gold watch, _________________________. 2. 这些玉器说明主人可能非常富有。 The jade objects suggest that the owner ________________________________. 3. 有时候，修复一本书可能要耗费数年时间。 Sometimes, _________________________________. 4. 一旦它们消失，我们就可能失去了解一段重要历史的机会。 Once they are gone, we might/could ______________to understand an important part of our history. 5.这肯定不容易，但我会全力以赴！  It can’t be easy, but______________________ ! 6. 这份付出是值得的。________________________________. 【答案】1. she can’t be poor 2.could be a person of great wealth 3.it could/might take years to repair just one book 4.lose the chance 5.I’ll try my best 6.It is worth the effort 一、单项选择。 1.-He______be in the classroom，I think． -No，he____be in the classroom．I saw him go home a minute ago． A. can； may not B. must； may not C. may； mustn't D. may； can't 2.--Will Anna go to the movies with us tonight? -- She go, but I’m not sure. A. may B. can C. must D. should 3.﹣Could I invite my friends to the party on Saturday，Mom？ ﹣Of course you _____．That sounds like fun． A．may B．could C．must D．can 4.In some countries，people _______download （下载） music from the Internet without paying，because it's against the law． A．wouldn't B．needn't C．mustn't D．couldn't 5.﹣I'd love to go to the water park with you．But I _______ swim． ﹣It doesn't matter．I will teach you． A．must B．mustn't C．can D．can't 6.We should keep quiet in the cinema．We _______ speak loudly． A．can B．must C．needn't D．mustn't 7.You _______ set out alone，or you __________ get lost in the jungle． A．needn't，may B．mustn't，might C．cant，need D．mustn't，must 8. A good friend is someone you ______ share your pleasure and pain with. A. can B. need C. should D. must 9.If you want to be on the school football team, you _______ train harder. A. can B. will C. may D. must 10.The little boy has just had lunch. He __________ be hungry already. A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t 【答案】1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D 【解析】1. may用于不确定推测；can’t用于否定推测，表示“不可能”。看到他刚回家，因此不可能在教室。 2. 根据“I’m not sure”可知为不确定推测，may表示“可能”。 3. could表达委婉请求，作肯定回答时改用can表示许可。 4. mustn’t 表示明令禁止，无偿下载音乐属于违法行为，被禁止。 5. can’t 表示“不会”，后文说要教“我”，说明不会游泳。 6. mustn’t 表示禁止，电影院应保持安静，禁止大声喧哗。 7. mustn’t 禁止独自出发；might表示可能性，有可能在丛林迷路。 8. can表示“能够”，好朋友是能够分享苦乐的人。 9. must表示客观要求，想要进入校足球队就必须刻苦训练。 10. can’t用于否定推测，男孩刚吃过午饭，不可能饿。 二、 用适当的情态动词填空。 1.—________ I have your family name? —Of course. It’s Smith. 2.—Is that young lady with straight hair your aunt, Li Ming? —No, it ________ be her. She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition (园艺博览会). 3.The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his. 4.—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on? —I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning. 5.—________ you teach me to play basketball, Simon? —Sure. Let’s go! 6.Hey, Julie. I’ve had a problem recently. ________ you help me? 7.It’s true that robots ______ do a lot of things, such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on. 8.—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon? —Yes, of course you can. 9.– Mum, it’s too hot. ________ I swim in the lake? -No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous! 10. — __________ I complete the composition today, sir? —No, you needn’t. You may hand it in tomorrow morning. 【答案】 1. May/Could 2. can’t 3. can’t 4. may not 5. Might 6. Can 7. can 8. can 9. Could; mustn’t 10. Must 【解析】 1. 句意：——我可以知道你的姓氏吗？——当然可以。是史密斯。 根据“…I have your family name?”以及答语“Of course.”可知，此处是在礼貌地询问对方是否可以告知其姓氏，因此应使用表示请求或许可的情态动词May/could。 2. 句意：——李明，那位直发的年轻女士是你的阿姨吗？——不，不可能是她。她去园艺博览会了。 根据“She has gone to the Horticultural Exhibition”可知她去园艺博览会了，所以那个人不可能是她，表示否定推测用can’t。 3. 句意：这个水壶不可能是刘先生的。水壶上的名字不是他的。 根据“The name on the bottle isn’t his.”可知水壶不可能是刘先生的，应用can’t。 4. 句意：——Lily，Daniel的班级旅行计划进展如何？——我不确定。它可能还没被完成。我今天早上看到他在做。may not可能不，表示不确定的推测；根据“I’m not sure...I saw him working on it this morning.”可知，说话者应是不确定计划是否完成，且看到Daniel早上还在做，因此用“may not”表示推测。 5. 句意：——西蒙，你能教我打篮球吗？——当然可以。我们走吧！ 根据“...you teach me to play basketball, Simon?”可知，询问对方是否可以教自己打篮球。 6. 句意：嘿，朱莉。我最近遇到一个问题。你能帮我吗？ Can能、可以，表示请求许可或能力；May可以，表示请求许可，语气较正式。此处是请求对方提供帮助，用“Can”更符合日常口语中的请求语境。 7. 句意：机器人确实能做很多事情，比如讲故事、练功夫等等。 根据“such as telling stories, doing kung fu and so on”可知，是在说明机器人“具备做这些事情的能力”。“can”表示“能、会”，强调具备某种能力。 8. 句意：——妈妈，这个星期天下午我能和同学们一起去看电影吗？——是的，你当然可以。 根据“of course you can”可知，此处表示请求，应用句式Can I…?。 9. 句意：——妈妈，太热了。我能去湖里游泳吗？——不，你不准去。那太危险了！第一空表示委婉请求，用 Could；第二空表示“禁止、不准”，用 mustn’t。 10. 句意：——老师，我今天必须完成作文吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天早上交。根据答语 needn’t（不必），可知问句是 Must 开头的一般疑问句。故为 Must。 一、阅读理解 A When we think of history, we often think of kings, queens, and famous battles. But what about the everyday people? How did they live? Thanks to a special kind of archaeology (考古学), we are learning more about the lives of regular people in the past. This is called “household archaeology”. Instead of digging in palaces or temples, household archaeologists dig in ordinary houses, farms, and villages. One famous household archaeology project took place in Pompeii, an ancient Roman city. When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, the city was buried under ash. Everything, including ordinary people’s homes, was preserved. By studying these homes, archaeologists learned how common Romans lived—what they ate, how they decorated their rooms, and even what their jobs were. Another example is from the American Southwest. Archaeologists studied the ancient Pueblo people who lived in large apartment-like buildings called “pueblos”. By looking at the trash left behind, they found that the Pueblo people ate corn, beans, and hunted wild animals. They also traded with other groups. Household archaeology helps us understand that history is not just about famous people. It is about all of us. 1．What is “household archaeology”? A．Studying the lives of rich people. B．Studying palaces and temples. C．Studying the lives of regular people. D．Studying famous battles. 2．Why is Pompeii a good place for household archaeology? A．Because it was a rich city. B．Because it was buried under ash. C．Because it had many palaces. D．Because it had many famous people. 3．How did archaeologists learn about the Pueblo people? A．By studying their art. B．By studying their trash. C．By studying their kings. D．By studying their temples. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．History is only about famous people. B．Ordinary people’s lives are not important. C．History is about everyone, not just famous people. D．Household archaeology is boring. 5．Where might the passage be from? A．A science fiction story. B．A history magazine. C．A travel guide. D．A cookbook. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了“家庭考古学”的概念，并通过庞贝古城和美国西南部普韦布洛人的例子，说明了通过研究普通人的住所和遗留物来了解历史的重要性。 1．根据文章第二段“Thanks to a special kind of archaeology… we are learning more about the lives of regular people in the past. This is called ‘household archaeology’.”可知，家庭考古学是研究普通人的生活。 2．根据文章第三段“When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 AD, the city was buried under ash. Everything, including ordinary people’s homes, was preserved.”可知，因为被火山灰掩埋使得物品得以保存，所以适合研究。 3．根据文章第四段“By looking at the trash left behind, they found that the Pueblo people ate corn, beans, and hunted wild animals.”可知，考古学家是通过研究垃圾了解普韦布洛人的。 4．根据文章最后一段“Household archaeology helps us understand that history is not just about famous people. It is about all of us.”可知，作者想告诉我们历史关乎每个人，而不仅仅是名人。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了考古学的一种分支及其历史发现，属于历史科普类内容，最可能出自历史杂志。 B The Flying Horse of Gansu In the Gansu Provincial Museum in Lanzhou, there stands a world-famous bronze horse. It is known as the “Bronze Galloping Horse (铜奔马)” or “Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow (马踏飞燕)”. Discovered in 1969 in Wuwei, Gansu, this 2,000-year-old treasure has become a symbol of Chinese tourism. The horse is not very large—only 34.5 centimeters tall and 45 centimeters long. But its artistic value is priceless. It shows a horse running at full speed, with its tail flying in the wind. Three of its hooves (蹄) are lifted in the air, while the fourth hoof touches a flying swallow. The artist’s great skill is shown in how the horse keeps perfect balance on just one small point—the swallow. And the swallow looks up in surprise, as if it cannot believe a horse could run so fast. For many years, experts have studied why this Eastern Han Dynasty artwork is so special. Some believe it shows that ancient Chinese artists had a deep understanding of balance and movement. Others think it shows the importance of horses in ancient China. During the Han Dynasty, horses were necessary for military (军事的) use and played a key role in the ancient Silk Road trade. Wuwei was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, so it is not surprising that such a beautiful bronze horse was found there. Today, the Flying Horse serves as a cultural ambassador (大使) for China. It has traveled to many countries. However, the original bronze horse ________ leaves the museum in Lanzhou because it is too valuable and fragile (易碎的). Instead, good copies are sent to exhibitions (展览会) abroad, so that people around the world can still enjoy this great artwork and learn about Gansu’s rich history. 6．Where was the Bronze Galloping Horse discovered? A．In Lanzhou. B．In Wuwei. C．In Pingliang. D．In Qingyang. 7．How does the bronze horse keep its balance according to the passage? A．It stands on three hooves. B．Its tail touches the ground. C．It is fixed to a heavy base. D．One of its hooves touches a flying swallow. 8．What does the surprised look on the swallow’s face suggest? A．The horse is running very fast. B．The swallow is afraid of the horse. C．The horse is going to hurt the swallow. D．The swallow has never seen a horse before. 9．Why were horses so important during the Han Dynasty? A．Because they were used as farm animals. B．Because they were necessary for war and trade. C．Because they were symbols of wealth for ancient people. D．Because they were sold to many countries along the ancient Silk Road. 10．Which of the following should be put in ________? A．often B．regularly C．seldom D．Sometimes 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了马踏飞燕（铜奔马）的出土地、造型特点与艺术价值，阐述了汉代马匹的历史作用，同时说明如今真品极少外出展出、多用复刻品赴海外参展的现状。 6．第一段指出：“Discovered in 1969 in Wuwei, Gansu, this 2,000-year-old treasure has become a symbol of Chinese tourism.”，原文直接说明铜奔马在甘肃武威被发现。 7．第二段指出：“...the fourth hoof touches a flying swallow...the horse keeps perfect balance on just one small point—the swallow.”，表明铜马凭借单蹄踩住飞燕实现平衡。 8．第二段指出：“And the swallow looks up in surprise, as if it cannot believe a horse could run so fast.”，燕子吃惊是因为马匹奔跑速度飞快。 9．第三段指出：“During the Han Dynasty, horses were necessary for military (军事的) use and played a key role in the ancient Silk Road trade.”，军事用途对应war，丝路贸易对应trade。 10．第四段指出：“...because it is too valuable and fragile (易碎的). Instead, good copies are sent to exhibitions (展览会) abroad...”，真品贵重易碎，外出参展只用仿品，说明真品极少离开展馆，seldom意为“很少”。 二、阅读填空 Sanxingdui is the remains of the ancient Shu Kingdom. It lies in the northwest of Guanghan, Sichuan Province. Archaeologists have been working there 1 1934. Many people before me put in a great deal of 2 (effort). As I continued their work, I often felt like I was standing on the shoulders of giants. The surprising 3 (discover) are the fruit of 90 years of effort. The finds at Sanxingdui provide a missing piece of Chinese history. Sanxingdui was a centre of different 4 (culture). This proves that Chinese culture was open from a very early period. Different cultures mixed with each other 5 (form) today’s China. Sanxingdui is such a wonderful place 6 people visit it from all over the world. We are able to open a door to the past 7 that people can better understand the history of our country. The treasures are 8 beautiful that they come alive in my imagination. People in the ancient Shu Kingdom were so creative that we are amazed by 9 (they) works. Over the past 40 years, I have never felt bored with my work in this 10 (magic) place. 【答案】1．since 2．effort 3．discoveries 4．cultures 5．to form 6．that 7．so 8．so 9．their 10．magical 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇关于三星堆的短文，讲述了三星堆作为古蜀国遗迹的历史地位，考古学家自1934年以来在此的持续发掘工作，以及三星堆发现对中国历史的重要意义。 1．句意：考古学家自1934年以来一直在那里工作。根据“have been working”可知，此处为现在完成进行时，“1934”为时间起点，应用介词since。 2．句意：在我之前的许多人付出了大量的努力。“a great deal of”后接不可数名词，effort作“努力”讲时为不可数名词，此处用原形effort。 3．句意：这些令人惊讶的发现是90年努力的成果。此处作主语，应用名词形式discoveries，且由“are”可知应用复数。 4．句意：三星堆是不同文化的中心。“different”后接可数名词复数，应用cultures。 5．句意：不同文化相互融合，形成了今天的中国。此处表示目的或结果，应用动词不定式to form作结果状语。 6．句意：三星堆是如此美妙的一个地方，以至于来自世界各地的人们都来参观。此处为“such…that…”句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。 7．句意：我们能够打开一扇通往过去的门，以便人们能更好地了解我们国家的历史。此处为“so that”引导的目的状语从句，表示“以便”。 8．句意：这些珍宝如此美丽，以至于它们在我的想象中栩栩如生。此处为“so…that…”句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。 9．句意：古蜀国的人们非常有创造力，我们对他们的作品感到惊叹。此处修饰名词“works”，应用形容词性物主代词their。 10．句意：在过去的40年里，我从未对在这个神奇的地方工作感到厌倦。此处修饰名词“place”，应用形容词magical。 一、阅读理解 （2026· 济南历下区三模） A Carlos Mendez, 38, grew up in a working-class community in Houston, Texas. “School never felt like it was for me,” he once said. For years, he had difficulty in reading, being able to read only a few simple words. He worked part-time jobs—building, gardening, food service, but his reading problem always held him back. He depended on audio apps (音频软件) and asked others to read messages for him, and he often lied about his reading ability to avoid embarrassment. In 2024, after his daughter was born, he decided to change his life. “I want to read her bedtime stories one day,” he told himself. With the help of his wife, Lila, Carlos began learning to read at the age of 36. Every night, they sat together at the kitchen table, starting with simple picture books and slowly moving to children’s chapter books. “There were nights I wanted to give up,” he said. But he kept going, and after a year, he could read full paragraphs without help. Later, he even started sharing his reading journey on social media, which brought something unexpected. People began to follow his progress, cheering him on as he read more challenging books. “I realized my story might help someone else feel less alone,” he said. Today, Carlos has over 250,000 followers on TikTok, where he posts live book readings and shares tips for adult learners. Many people say his videos have inspired them to pick up a book again. Now, Carlos lives with his family in Austin, Texas. He reads to his daughter every night and hopes to write a children’s book someday. “I never thought I’d be someone who could help others learn to read,” he said. “This life, this family, this purpose—it’s everything I’ve ever wanted.” 1．What can we know about Carlos’ past? A．He could hardly read. B．He didn’t mind his weakness. C．He had a full-time job. D．He read stories to his daughter. 2．How did Carlos start improving his reading skills? A．By using some audio apps. B．By teaching others to read. C．By practicing step by step. D．By taking an online course. 3．What happened after Carlos shared his reading journey online? A．He became rich. B．He stopped reading. C．He wrote a book. D．He received support. 4．Which of the following best describes Carlos? A．Shy but polite. B．Caring and brave. C．Kind but strict. D．Active and honest. 5．What does the story mainly tell us? A．Time waits for no man. B．East or west, home is best. C．Each coin has two sides. D．It’s never too late to learn. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了38岁的Carlos Mendez克服阅读障碍，在36岁时开始学习识字，并通过社交媒体分享自己的学习历程，最终不仅实现了给女儿读睡前故事的愿望，还激励了成千上万的成年学习者。 1．第一段明确指出：“For years, he had difficulty in reading, being able to read only a few simple words.”，说明他过去几乎不识字（could hardly read）。B项错误，文中说他为了避免尴尬经常撒谎，说明他很在意；C项错误，文中说是“part-time jobs”；D项错误，那是他现在的愿望和行动，过去做不到。 2．第二段描述了Carlos的学习过程：“starting with simple picture books and slowly moving to children’s chapter books”，说明他是通过循序渐进、一步步练习来提高阅读技能的。A项是他过去依赖的方式，而非提高技能的方法；B、D项文中未提及。 3．第三段明确指出：“People began to follow his progress, cheering him on... Many people say his videos have inspired them...”，说明他在网上分享后获得了人们的支持和鼓励。A项文中未提及变富；B项错误，他读得更多了；C项错误，写书是他未来的希望（hopes to write），尚未完成。 4．Carlos为了能给女儿读书而克服巨大的困难坚持学习，体现了他对家人的爱（Caring）；面对多年的阅读障碍和可能的嘲笑，他选择直面并改变，体现了他的勇敢（Brave）。因此“Caring and brave”最贴切。 5．全文讲述了一个成年人在36岁高龄开始学习识字并最终成功的故事，核心主旨是“学习永远不嫌晚”，即“It’s never too late to learn”。 二、情境运用 根据所提供的图片，用一个完整的句子提问或应答。 （2026·济南历下区一模） 1． A: Where did Bob lose his school ID card? B: ________________________________________. 2． A: What can we do to avoid heavy traffic? B: ________________________________________. 3． A: ________________________________________? B: No, I haven’t. We are going to do that tomorrow. 4． A: What was Lisa doing when you arrived home? B: ________________________________________. It’s her favorite animal. 5． A: ________________________________________? B: More than 2000 years ago. 【参考答案】 1．He/Bob lost his school ID card in/at the library./He/Bob lost it in/at the library. 2．We/You can take the subway./We/You can travel by subway.（其他动词合理即可） 3．Have you planted trees (yet)?/ Have you planted a tree (yet)? 4．She/Lisa was drawing/painting a horse (when I arrived home). 5．When was the Great Wall built?/When did (the ancient/Chinese) people/emperors build the Great Wall? ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $