Unit 2 Getting along（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 2 Getting along 知识点精讲（下） 。单元核心词汇 allow ticket;respect divide agreement;relative neighbor whenever past 。单元同步语法 现在完成时与since/for的连用 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.allow1elav.允许；准许 词形变化：allowed(过去式/过去分词)；allowing(现在分词) 搭配：allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；allow doing sth允许做某事 例句：My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.我父母允许我在周末看电 视。 近义词：Iet(常接不带to的不定式) 词根词缀：源于拉丁语allaudare,al-表示"向”，laud-表示“赞扬”，后引申为 "允许” 2.ticket/kt/n.票；入场券 词形变化：tickets(复数) 搭配：a ticket for//to....的票；buy a ticket买票；ticket office售票处 例句：I need a ticket for the concert.我需要一张音乐会的票。 词根词缀：源自古法语estiquet,意为"标签'” 3.respect/m'spekt//v.ln.尊敬；尊重 词形变化：respectable(adj.值得尊敬的)；respectful(adj.表示尊敬的)； res pective(adj.各自的) 搭配：respect sb/sth尊敬某人/某事；have respect for对.有敬意；show respect to向...表示尊敬 例句：We should respect our teachers.我们应该尊敬老师。 词根词缀：re-(再次)+spect(看)→反复看一重视、尊敬 4.divide/dt'vard/v.分开；划分 词形变化：divided(过去式/过去分词)；dividing(现在分词)；division(n.分割；部 门) 搭配：divide A into B把A分成B;divide up分配 例佝：Let's divide the class into four groups.我们把班级分成泗个小组吧。 词根词缀：di-(分开)+videre(分开)一分开 5.agreement/e'gri:ment/n.协议；一致；同意 词形变化：agree(v.同意)；agreeable(adj.令人愉快的；同意的)；disagree(v.不 同意) 搭配：reach an agreement达成协议；in agreement with与.一致 例句：They reached an agreement on the price.他们就价格达成了一致。 词根词缀：agree(同意)+ment(名词后缀 6.relative/'reletv/n.亲戚；亲属adj.相关的；相对的 词形变化：relation(n.关系；亲戚)；relatively(adw.相对地) 搭配：a close relative近亲；be relative to与...有关 例句：She invited all her relatives to the party.她邀请了所有亲戚来聚会。 词根词缀：re-(回)+lat(携带)+ive(形容词/名词后缀)一带回关系的一亲戚 7.neighbor/'neIbe(r)/n.邻居 词形变化：neighborhood(n.街区；邻里) 搭配：next-door neighbor隔壁邻居；neighbor country邻国 例佝：Our neighbor is very friendly.我们的邻居很友好。 词根词缀：neigh(附近)+bor(居住者)一住在附近的人 8.whenever/wen'eve(r)/conj.无论何时；每当 词形变化：同义短语：no matter when 搭配：whenever possible只要有可能 例佝：You can call me whenever you need help.无论何时你需要帮助都可以打电话 给我。 词根词缀：when(何时)+ever(任何)一任何时间 9.past/pa:st/adj.过去的n.过去prep.超过；经过adw.过 词形变化：pass(v.通过；传递)一注意区别：past是形容词/名词/介词/副词， pass是动词 搭配：in the past在过去；walk past走过；past ten o'clock超过十点 例佝：In the past,.people lived in caves..过去人们住在洞穴里。 词根词缀：pass的变异，表示"经过”的过去分词形拭 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.Our teacher doesn't allow us (play)on the street. 2.I have two (ticket)for the concert. 3.We should show. (respectful)to the old 4.Let's divide the pizza four pieces 5.They finally reached an (agree)after a long talk. 6.My (relate)lives in Beijing 7.The (neighbor)are very kind to us 8.You can come (when)you are free. 9.The bus just went (pass)the school. 10.1 (respect)my father very much 11.He bought a ticket_ the movie 12.Please check the (agree)before signing. (二)短文填空 I have a good friend.His name is Tom.He is my 1. He is very polite and always 2. his parents.We 3. to help each other.Yesterday we 4. the cleaning work-I cleaned the windows,and he swept the floor.His 5. came to visit him last week.They gave us two 6. for a concert.My parents 7._ me to go with Tom.8. go to his house, his family welcomes me.In the 9. we used to play football together.Now we often play chess.I have great 10. for him 参考答案 1.to play;2.tickets;3.respect;4.into;5.agreement;6.relative; (一)单句填空 7.neighbors;8.whenever;9.past;10.respect;11.for to); 12.agreement 1.neighbor 2.respects 3.agreed 4.divided 5.relative 6.tickets; (二)短文填空 7.allow 8.Whenever 9.past 10.respect 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 现在完成时与since/for的连用 项目 说明 例句 表示从过去某一时间开始， I have lived here for ten 一直持续到现在的动作或状 years. 定义 态，常与since或for连 He has studied English 用。 since 2020. 肯定句：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其他。 She has worked in this 否定句：主语+ school for two years. 结构 haven't/hasn't+过去分词 +其他。 They haven't seen each other since 2018. 一般疑问向：Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+其他？ for的用法 for+时间段（表示"持 for two days 续…（时间）”) for a long time for three weeks since+时间点（表示"自 since 2015 since的用法 从.”)或since+从句 since last week (一般过去时) since I was ten I have known him since 多为延续性动词：live,work, primary school. 常用动词 study,stay,know,keep, have,be等 We have kept the cat for three years. 短暂性动词（如buy, 误：I have borrowed this 注意事项 borrow,join)不能与 book for two weeks. since//for直接连用，需换成 正：I have kept this book 延续性动词。 for two weeks. 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.My aunt has been a nurse 2015. A.for B.since C.in D,at 2.They have lived in this city ten years. A.for B.since C.before D.after 3.-How long has your brother collected stamps?- he was ten A.For B.Since C.When D.Before 4.We have waited for the bus two hours. A.for B.since C.in D.from 5.I have known Maria we were children. A.for B.since C.from D.on 6.The factory has been open 1998. A.for B.since C.in D.about 7.She has worked as a teacher five years. A.for B.since C.during D.by 8.He hasn't eaten anything this morning. A.for B.since C.in at 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 1.l (have)this phone for two years. 2.She (live)in London since 2016. 3.They (be)friends since they were in primary school 4.We (not see)each other for a long time. 5.-How long you _(study)English?-For three years. 6.My father (work)in the hospital since he graduated. 7.The children (stay)here for a week. 8.He (know)her since last summer. 9.The weather (be)cold for several days. 10. you ever (visit)the museum?-Yes,I have. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B 1.have had;2.has lived;3.have been;4.haven't seen; 语法专练二：语法填空 5.have;studied;6.has worked;7.have stayed;8.has known;9.has been;10.Have;visited 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.They argued over the dividing line. 结构：argue over sth.为.争论 短语：dividing line分界线 译：他们为分界线争论。 2.They couldn't reach agreement. 结构：couldn't+动词原形（过去时否定） 短语：reach agreement达成一致 译：他们无法达成一致。 3.They wrote him a letter,asking for advice. 结构：write sb.a letter给某人写信；asking for advice是现在分词短语作伴随状 语 短语：ask for advice寻求建议 译：他们给他写了一封信，寻求建议。 4.When his reply came,they opened it to find a poem inside. 结构：when引导的时间状语从句；open sth.to find.打开某物发现.… 译：当他的回信到来时，他们打开信发现里面有一首诗。 5.A letter from far away just for a wall Is not right or good at all. 结构：not.ata川根本不，一点也不 短语：from far away从远方 译：一封远方来信只为了一堵墙，这根本不对也不好。 6.Three chi to your neighbour as a gift Is nothing as time continues to drift. 结构：as time continues to drift随着时间流逝 短语：as a gift作为礼物 译：让给邻居三尺作为礼物，随着时间流逝根本不算什么。 7.After reading it,the Zhang family felt ashamed. 结构：After+doing sth.做完某事之后；feel ashamed感到馐愧 译：完信之后，张家感到羞愧。 8.They stepped back three chi for their neighbour. 短语：step back后退 结构：step back+距离+for sb.为某人后退.. 译：他们为邻居后退了三尺。 9.This act deeply moved the Wu family. 短语：move sb.感动某人(deeply深深地) 译：这一举动深深感动了吴家。 10.In return,they decided to do the same thing. 短语：in return作为回报 结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事 译：作为回报，他们决定做同样的事。 11.They gave up another three chi. 短语：give up放弃 译：他们又让出了三尺。 12.And so came the six-chi-wide lane between the two houses. 结构：and so came.于是..出现了（倒装结构，正常语序为..came into being) 译：于是两座房子之间出现了六尺宽的巷子。 13.Whenever they walk down the lane,they remember how kindness encourages more kindness. 结构：whenever引导的让步状语从句=no matter when 短语：kindness encourages more kindness善意激发更多善意 译：每当我们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起善意是如何激发更多善意的。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（根据句意，在横线上填写合适的单词或短语） 1.The two families argued the dividing line. 2.They couldn't agreement. 3.Zhang Ying was a man a high position in the government. 4.When his reply came,they opened it a poem inside 5."Is not right or good all,"the poem said. 6.After the poem,the Zhang family felt ashamed. 7.They stepped three chi for their neighbour. 8.In the Wu family did the same thing. 9.They gave another three chi. 10.Kindness encourages kindness 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，在横线上填写合适的单词或短语，使句子完整） 1.他们为分界线而争论。 They the dividing line. 2.他们无法达成一致。 They couldn't agreement. 3.他们给张英写了一封信。 They a letter. 4他们钉开信发现了一首诗。 They opened it a poem. 5.这封信根本不对也不好。 This letter is not right or good 6.张家感到羞愧。 The Zhang family 7.他们为邻居后退了三尺。 They three chi for their neighbour 8这一举动深深感动了吴家。 This act deeply the Wu family. 9.作为回报，他们决定做同样的事。 they decided to do the same thing. 10.每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起友善。 they walk down the lane,they remember kindness. 练习三：翻译句子（根据中文提示，在横线上写出完整的英文翻译） 1.六尺巷在中国非常有名。 2.这个故事始于清朝。 3.两家人为分界线争吵。 4.张英写了一首诗作为回信。 5.让给邻居三尺作为礼物。 6.张家为他们的行为感到羞愧。 7吴家也被感动了。 8.于是出现了一条六尺宽的巷子。 9善意会激发更多善意。 10.这条巷子至今仍然在那里。 参考答案 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 练习一：单项选择 6.c 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.c 1.argued over;2.reach agreement;3.wrote him;4.to find; 练习二：完成句子 5.at all;6.felt ashamed;7.stepped back;8.moved;9.In return;10.Whenevery 1.Liuchixiang(Six-chi Lane)is very famous in China.;2.The story started in the Qing Dynasty;3.The two families argued over the dividing line.;4.Zhang Ying wrote a poem as his 练习三：翻译句子 reply;5.Give three chi to your neighbour as a gift.;6.The Zhang family felt ashamed of their act.;7.The Wu family was also moved.;8.And so came a six-chi-wide lane.;9.Kindness encourages more kindness.;10.The lane is still there today 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 In a small town,two neighbours,Mr.Li and Mr.Wang,lived next to each other for many years.They had a fence (between their gardens.One day,Mr.Li decided to build a new wall to replace the old fence.But when he started digging,Mr.Wang came out and shouted,"You are digging on my land!Stop it!" Mr.Li was surprised."This is my land.I have the right to build a wall here,"he said. The two men argued for hours.Neither of them would give in.Finally,they decided to ask the town leader for help. The town leader listened to both sides.Then he said,"Let me tell you a story.Once there were two brothers who fought over a piece of land.They went to a wise man. The wise man said,'If you share the land,you will both have a garden.If you keep fighting,you will both have nothing.The brothers thought about it and decided to share.Today,their gardens are the most beautiful in the town." After hearing the story,Mr.Li and Mr.Wang felt ashamed.They realized that fighting would bring no good.They agreed to share the land and built a beautiful garden together.Soon,their garden became a popular place for neighbours to meet and talk. From then on,whenever there was a problem,they would sit down and talk.They learned that getting along with others is more important than winning an argument. ()1.Why did Mr.Li and Mr.Wang argue? A.Because they didn't like each other. B.Because Mr.Li wanted to build a wall on Mr.Wang's land. C.Because they disagreed about where the dividing line was D.Because Mr.Wang wanted to build a wall first. ()2.What did the town leader do to help them? A.He told them to stop arguing. B.He showed them a wise man. C.He told a story to teach them a lesson. D.He divided the land for them. ()3.What does the underlined word "ashamed"in Paragraph 4 mean? A.骄傲的 B.羞愧的 C.生气的 D.开心的 ()4.What lesson did Mr.Li and Mr.Wang learn? A.Building a garden is not easy B.Winning an argument is important. C.Getting along with others is more important. D.The town leader is always right. B篇 Friendship is like a plant.It needs care and patience to grow.Sometimes,however, even the best friends may have misunderstandings()How can we keep our friendships strong? First,communication is the key.If you have a problem with your friend,talk about it calmly.Don't wait for the problem to go away on its own.For example,if your friend forgets your birthday,you can say,"I felt sad when you didn't remember my birthday Can we celebrate together this weekend?"This way,your friend will understand how you feel. Second,learn to forgive )Everyone makes mistakes.If your friend says sorry,give him or her a chance.Holding a grudge (only hurts yourself.Studies show that people who forgive others are happier and healthier. Third,respect each other's differences.You and your friend may have different hobbies or opinions.That's okay!In fact,differences can make your friendship more interesting.You can learn new things from each other. Finally,spend quality time together.In today's busy world,it's easy to forget to stay in touch.Make time for your friends-even a short phone call or a walk after school can make a difference. Remember,good friends are like stars.You don't always see them,but you know they are always there. ()1.What does the writer compare friendship to in the first paragraph? A.A plant. B.A star. C.A gift. D.A light. ()2.What should you do if your friend makes a mistake and says sorry? A.Never talk to him or her again. B.Forgive him or her and give a chance C.Tell other friends about the mistake. D.Wait for him or her to do something nice. ()3.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE? A.Friends should have the same hobbies. B.You should keep your problems to yourself. C.Spending time together is important for friendship. D.If your friend forgets your birthday,he or she is not a true friend. ()4.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Make Friends B.How to Keep Friendships Strong C.The Importance of Friends D.Different Kinds of Friends 二、完形填空 When I was in Grade 7,I had a problem getting along with my classmate,Tom.We used to be good friends,but one day we had a big 1.over a basketball game. After that,we didn't talk to each other for weeks. One day,our teacher asked us to work on a science project together.I was 2 at first."How can I work with him?"I thought.But the teacher said we had no choice.So we had to 3.it. At first,we didn't say much.We just did our own parts.But soon,we 4. that we needed to share ideas to make the project better.Slowly,we started talking.Tom had some great ideas about how to make a model volcano.I was good at painting,so I 5. to paint the volcano. During the process,I remembered the happy times we had before.I 6. that a small argument should not end a good friendship.Finally,I decided to say sorry to Tom.To my 7.,he said sorry too.We made an 8.to be friends again. Our project was a great success.The teacher 9. our work in front of the class. But the best part was that I got my friend back.From that experience,I learned that communication and forgiveness are important in any 10. Whenever we have problems,we should talk instead of fighting. A.agreement B.argument C.ticket D.respect A.happy B.excited C.nervous D.pleased A.accept B.divide C.allow D.refuse A.realized B.forgot C.wondered D.asked A.offered B.refused C.hated D.failed A.doubted B.forgot C.regretted D.understood A.surprise B.sadness C.fear D.anger A.promise B.agreement C.difference D.relative A.criticized B.praised C.punished D.ignored A.relationship B.competition C.exam D.game 三、阅读短文回答问题 Emma and Sophie were best friends.They did everything together-they studied, played,and even shared their lunch.But one day,something happened that tested their friendship. Sophie got a new bike for her birthday.She was so excited that she rode it to school every day.Emma didn't have a bike.She felt a little jealous (but didn't say anything.One afternoon,Sophie asked Emma to ride her bike.Emma was happy and rode it around the playground.But unfortunately,she fell off and broke the bike's front wheel. Sophie was very upset when she saw her broken bike."Why were you so careless?" she shouted.Emma felt terrible."I'm so sorry,Sophie.I didn't mean to break it,"she said with tears in her eyes.But Sophie was too angry to listen.She ran home without Emma. For the next few days,they didn't talk to each other.Emma tried to say sorry several times,but Sophie always turned away.Emma felt very sad and lonely.She decided to save her pocket money to buy a new wheel for Sophie's bike.It took her two months to save enough money. When Emma gave the new wheel to Sophie,Sophie was surprised."You saved money for two months just for me?"she asked.Emma nodded.Sophie felt ashamed of her behaviour."I'm sorry for being so angry.You are a true friend,"she said.They hugged and became best friends again. From that day on,they learned that true friendship means forgiving mistakes and being there for each other. 1.Why was Sophie upset one afternoon? 2.How did Emma feel when Sophie shouted at her? 3.How did Emma get the money to buy a new wheel? 4.What lesson did Emma and Sophie learn from this experience? 5.What does the story mainly tell us?(请用一句话▣答) 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) allow respect when divide agreement relative neighbor past ticket never Last week,my family and our 1.,the Smiths,had a problem.Their son,Mike, and I are good friends.We often play together 2.we have free time.But last Saturday,we had a fight over a football match. Mike said I cheated,but I didn't.We argued for a long time and couldn't reach an 3. Our parents heard the noise and came out.They asked us what happened. After we told them,my father said,"You should 4. each other's feelings. Fighting will not solve anything." Mike's mother agreed.She said,"We have been good 5. for years.We should teach our children to get along well."Then our parents 6. us to talk calmly. We 7.our feelings and finally understood each other.Mike said sorry to me, and I said sorry too. In the 8. we always fought over small things.But now I know that friendship is more important than winning an argument.I hope we will 9.fight again.After all,good friends are like 10.-they are always there when you need them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 五、写导作 话题：A Story About Getting Along 假设你是李华，你的朋友To和同桌发生了矛盾，请你给他写一封邮件，分享一次你与他人从 矛盾到和解的经历，并给出你的建议。 提示 1.你和谁发生过矛盾？ 2.矛盾的原因是什么？ 3.你们是如何和解的？ 4.你从中学会了什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you had a problem with your deskmate.I want to share my experience with you. I hope this can help you.Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 、 阅读理 A篇：1.C2.C3.B4.C 解 B篇：1.A2.B3.C4.B 二、完形填 空 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.D;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A 1.her (Sophie's)new bike the front wheel of Sophie's bike 2.terrible very sad 三、阅读短 3.her pocket money for two months 文回答问题 4.being there for each other 5.True friendship means forgiving mistakes and being there for each other. 答案合理即可) 四、短文填 1.neighbor 2.whenever 3.agreement 4.respect 5.neighbors 6.allowed 7. 空 divided 8.past 9.never 10.relatives 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you had a problem with your deskmate.I want to share my experience with you. Last year,I had a big argument with my best friend Mike over a basketball game.We didn't talk to each other for a week.Later,our teacher asked us to work on a project together.We started talking and realized how silly our argument was.I said sorry first, and he did too.From that experience,I learned that communication and forgiveness are very important in a friendship.You should talk to your deskmate calmly and listen to his feelings.I believe you can make up and become good friends again. I hope this can help you.Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua