Unit 2 Getting along Understanding ideas课文要点讲义2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦“人际交往”主题，系统梳理selfish、shout、since等核心词汇及neither...nor...、so...that...等语法结构，从词义辨析（如shout at/shout to）到语法拓展（如since引导从句时态），结合中考真题构建知识链，形成从基础到应用的学习支架。 该资料整合高频考点与中考真题，通过单选、句型转换等多样化练习提升语言能力，选词填空等题型培养思维品质，高频短语汇总及参考答案助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主复习，查漏补缺。

Unit 2 Getting along Understanding ideas 【课文要点】 Point 1 selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，自私自利的（含贬义） 其反义词为 unselfish/selfless “无私的”。 - It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you. 他把所有的工作都留给你，真是自私。 - She is an unselfish/a selfless girl. 她是个无私心的姑娘。 Point 2 shout /ʃaʊt/ v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 - shout for help 呼救 - shout at... 冲……大声叫嚷（有愤怒的语气） - shout to... 对……大声喊叫（因距离远而呼喊） - I shouted for help but nobody came. 我大声呼救，但没人来。 - He ran into his brother’s room and started shouting at him in anger. 他跑进他弟弟的房间，开始愤怒地对他大喊大叫。（2024 河南中考） - Mary shouted to us to come in and help her. 玛丽大声喊我们进来帮助她。 Point 3 since /sɪns/ prep. 自从……以来；自从……之后 后接表示时间点的词或短语，常与现在完成时连用。 since then 从那以后 - Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. 几千年来，中国人就梦想着去月球。（2024 湖北中考） - Since then, no one has seen the bear. 从那以后，没有人看见过这只熊。（2024 齐齐哈尔中考） 【用法拓展】 since 也可引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时，对应的主句多用现在完成时。 - Since I was five years old, I have learned embroidery from my mother and sister. 从五岁开始，我就跟妈妈和姐姐学刺绣。 since 还可表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。 - Since we knew little about each other, we shared our stories. 因为我们彼此了解很少，所以我们分享了各自的故事。 【中考真题】 （2024 无锡中考）The Shenzhou-18 astronauts ______ (work) in Tiangong space station since late April. 解析：根据“since late April”可知用现在完成时；主语是复数，故填 have worked。 Point 4 nor /nɔː/ conj. 也不 nor 用于列举两个或更多相同性质的否定事物或情况，句子需倒装。例如“nor does summer come”。 - She doesn’t like them and nor does Jeff. 她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。 Point 5 neither... nor... 既不……也不…… （1）该短语表示否定含义，用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。 （2）当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循 “就近原则”。 （3）其反义短语 both... and...（……和……都）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 - Neither my brothers nor I am going there because we will be quite busy these days. 我和我的哥哥们都不会去那儿，因为这几天我们会相当忙。 - We should neither feed the animals nor touch them in the zoo. 在动物园里我们既不应该投喂动物也不应该触摸它们。 - Both he and I were wrong. 我和他都错了。 Point 6 so... that... 如此……以至于…… so 后接形容词或副词，that 后的句子表示结果。 - Kelly was so surprised that she could hardly （原文不完整，保留原样） Point 7 allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许，容许，准许 - allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（动词不定式作宾语补足语） - be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 - Biking allows me to experience the beauty along the road. 骑自行车让我体验沿途的美景。（2024 广东中考改编） - People are not allowed to talk loudly when they are in the library. 人们在图书馆时不允许大声说话。（广安中考） 【典例】 用所给单词的适当形式填空： Their parents don’t allow them ______ (swim) in the river because it’s really dangerous. 答案：to swim Point 8 其他高频短语 - lead to 导致 （连云港中考改编）Don’t always stay up late. An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to illnesses. - give away 捐赠 （2024 滨州中考）—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes? —Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s give them away to people in need. - return 归还 （2024 天津中考）We returned the books to the library after we read them. 【高频短语汇总】 1. shout for help 呼救 2. shout at sb. 冲某人大声叫嚷 3. shout to sb. 对某人大声喊叫 4. since then 从那以后 5. neither... nor... 既不……也不…… 6. both... and... ……和……都 7. so... that... 如此……以至于…… 8. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 9. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 10. lead to 导致 11. give away 捐赠 12. in a very angry voice 非常生气地 【综合练习】 一、单项选择（含图片中原题） ( ) 1. （2024 天津中考）We ______ the books to the library after we read them. A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught ( ) 2. （2024 滨州中考）—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes? —Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s ______ to people in need. A. give them away B. wash them away C. throw them away D. keep them away ( ) 3. It was ______ of him to leave all the work to you. A. selfish B. unselfish C. selfless D. satisfied ( ) 4. The little girl shouted ______ help when she was in danger. A. to B. at C. for D. with ( ) 5. Don’t shout ______ the old man. It’s impolite. A. to B. at C. for D. with ( ) 6. She ______ in this school since she was seven years old. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying ( ) 7. I don’t like coffee, and ______ does my sister. A. so B. neither C. either D. also ( ) 8. Neither his parents nor he ______ going to the party tonight. A. is B. are C. am D. were ( ) 9. The story was ______ interesting ______ everyone wanted to read it again. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to ( ) 10. Students are not ______ to bring phones to school. A. allowed B. allowing C. allow D. allows ( ) 11. His parents allow him ______ out with friends on weekends. A. go B. to go C. going D. went ( ) 12. (连云港中考改编) An unhealthy lifestyle can ______ illnesses. A. lead to B. give away C. throw away D. keep away 二、根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词） 1. 他那样做太自私了。 It ______ ______ ______ him to do that. 2. 她朝我大声喊叫，我很生气。 She ______ ______ me, and I got angry. 3. 从那以后，我学会了游泳。 ______ ______, I have learned to swim. 4. 自从我六岁起，我就开始弹钢琴。 ______ I ______ six years old, I ______ ______ the piano. 5. 他既不喜欢游泳，也不喜欢跑步。 He likes ______ swimming ______ running. 6. 这箱子太重了，我搬不动。 The box is ______ heavy ______ I can’t carry it. 7. 我们不允许在教室里吃东西。 We ______ ______ ______ ______ in the classroom. 8. 妈妈允许我每天晚上看半小时电视。 My mother ______ ______ ______ ______ TV for half an hour every evening. 9. 过度使用手机会导致视力下降。 Using phones too much can ______ ______ poor eyesight. 10. 这些旧书很好，我们可以把它们捐赠给贫困地区的孩子们。 These old books are still good. We can ______ ______ ______ to children in poor areas. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It’s ______ (selfish) of you to take away all the candies. 2. The boy shouted ______ (angry) at his little brother. 3. I ______ (not see) my best friend since last year. 4. Neither my sister nor I ______ (be) good at singing. 5. The movie was ______ (excite) that we all cried. 6. People are not ______ (allow) to smoke in public places. 7. The teacher doesn’t allow us ______ (talk) in class. 8. Since she ______ (come) to this school, she has made many friends. 9. Please stop ______ (shout) at the children. 10. The flowers ______ (cover) the whole garden in spring. 11. （2024 无锡中考）The Shenzhou-18 astronauts ______ (work) in Tiangong space station since late April. 12. Their parents don’t allow them ______ (swim) in the river because it’s really dangerous. 四、句型转换 1. She has studied French since 2019.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has she studied French? 2. He doesn’t like rock music. I don’t like it either.（合并为一句） He doesn’t like rock music, ______ ______ I. 3. He is not a doctor. She is not a doctor either.（合并为一句） ______ he ______ she ______ a doctor. 4. The bag is so heavy that I can’t carry it.（改为同义句） The bag is ______ heavy ______ me ______ carry. 5. My parents allow me to go camping on weekends.（改为被动语态） I ______ ______ ______ go camping on weekends. 五、选词填空（注意形式变化） | selfish | since | shout | allow | neither...nor | so...that | lead to | give away | Once there was a 1.______ giant. He had a big garden but he didn’t 2.______ any children to play in it. One day, he came back and 3.______ at the children angrily. 4.______ then, no children came. Spring never came, 5.______ did summer. The giant felt lonely. He was 6.______ sad 7.______ he decided to open the garden. He 8.______ his selfishness and shared the garden with kids. His kindness 9.______ happiness, and 10.______ the giant nor the children were unhappy anymore. 【参考答案】 一、单项选择 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A（就近原则，与he一致用is） 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. A 二、完成句子 1. was selfish of 2. shouted at 3. Since then 4. Since; was; have played 5. neither; nor 6. so; that 7. are not allowed to eat 8. allows me to watch 9. lead to 10. give them away 三、单词填空 1. selfish 2. angrily 3. haven't seen 4. am 5. so exciting 6. allowed 7. to talk 8. came 9. shouting 10. cover 11. have worked 12. to swim 四、句型转换 1. How long 2. nor do 3. Neither; nor; is 4. too; for; to 5. am allowed to 五、选词填空 1. selfish 2. allow 3. shouted 4. Since 5. neither 6. so 7. that 8. gave away 9. led to 10. neither 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $