Unit 2 Getting along（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（外研版）

Unit 2 Getting along 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 shout build understanding message return priceless stressed recently ⊙单元同步语法 现在完成时(2) 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.shot/at/v.喊叫；大声说 词形变化：shouts(第三人称单数)；shouted(过去式/过去分词)；shouting(现在分 词) 搭：shout at sb.冲某人大喊；shout for help呼救 词根词缀：象声词，模拟喊声 例句：Don't shout at your friend.不要对你的朋友大喊。 He shouted for help when he fell into the water.他掉进水里时大喊救命。 2.build/brld/.建造；建筑；建立 词形变化：builds(第三人称单数)；built(过去式/过去分词)；building(现在分词/n. 建筑物 搭配：build up增强；建立；build on以.…为基础 词根词缀：源自古英语 例句：They want to build a new school.他们想建一所新学校。 Exercise can build up your body.锻炼能增强你的身体。 3.understanding/,Ands'staendrn/.n.理解；领会；谅解adj.体谅的；通情达理的 词形变化：understand(v.理解)；understood(过去式/过去分词) 搭配：have a good understanding of对.有很好的理解；reach an understanding 达成谅解 词根词缀：under-(在.下)+stand(站立)+-ing(名词后缀)，字面"站在下 面”→明白 例句：She has a good understanding of English.她对英语有很好的理解。 y teacher is very understanding.我的老师非常体谅人。 message/'mesrd3n.消息；信息，口信 词形变化：messages(复数 搭配：send a message发送信息；leave a message留言；take a message捎口 信 词根词缀：mess-(发送)+-age(名词后缀)，源自拉丁语 例佝：I got your message..我收到了你的信息。 Could you take a message for me?你能帮我捎个口信吗？ 5.return/mt3:nlv.返回；归还；恢复n.返回；归还 词形变化：returns(第三人称单数)；returned(过去式/过去分词)；returning(现在 分词) 搭配：return to回到；return sth.tosb.把某物刎归还某人；in return作为回报 词根词缀：re-(回)+turn(转)，字面"转回” 例句：She will return home tomorrow.她明天回家： Please return the book to the library..请把书还给图书馆。 6.priceless/'prarsles/adj.无价的；极其贵重的 词形变化：无t比较级；pricelessness(n.) 搭配：priceless treasure无价之宝；be priceless to sb.对某人来说无价 词根词缀：price(价格)+-less(没有.的)，字面"没有价格的”→无价 例句：The old photo is priceless to me.这张老照片对我来说是无价之宝. Time is priceless.时间是无价的。 7.stressed/strest/adj.压力大的；紧张的；焦虑的 词形变化：stress(n.N.压力；强调)；stresses(第三人称单数/复数；stressing (现在分词) 搭配：feel stressed感到压力；be stressed out精疲力竭；stressful(adj.有压力 的) 词根词缀：stress(压力)+-ed(形容词后缀) 例句：He felt stressed before the exam.他考试前感到压力很大。 Too much work makes me stressed.太多工作让我很紧张。 8.recently/'ri:sntli/adv..最近；不久前 词形变化：recent(adj.最近的)；recentness(n.) 搭配：recently常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用 词根词缀：recent(最近的)+-y(副词后缀) 例句：I have seen him recently.我最近见过他。 Recently,,the weather has been cold.最近天气一直很冷。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.Don't (shout)in the library.It's quiet 2.They (build)a new bridge last year. 3.Without good (understand),we can't work together. 4.Please leave a (mess)for him 5.She (return)the book to the library yesterday 6.The diamond is (price)-it's worth millions 7.1 feel (stress)because of the coming test. 8. (recent),he moved to a new city 9.My mother always (shout)at me when I am late 10.The (build)near our school is very tall 11.Do you have a good (understand)of this rule? 12.She (return)home at 6 p.m.every day (二)短文填空 I had a busy week 1._ I felt very 2. because of my homework. My friend Tom 3. at me on Monday,but later he said sorry.We reached an 4. and became friends again.He 5. my pencil case that he borrowed.I think friendship is 6._ _Yesterday,I 7. _a model plane with my brother.He left a 8. for me saying "Thank you".I was happy.Now I know good communication is 9. to friendship.I will try to 10. better relationships with others. 参考答案 1.shout;2.built;3.understanding;4.message;5.returned;6.priceless; (一)单句填空 7.stressed;8.Recently;9.shouts;10.building;11.understanding; 12.returns 1.recently;2.stressed;3.shouted;4.understanding;5.returned; (二)短文填空 6.priceless;7.built;8.message;9.priceless;10.build 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 现在完成时(2)for与sincel的用法 用法类别 说明 结构 例句 表示动作或状态从过 主语+have/has+ I have lived here 表示持续 去某一时间开始，一 for five years.我在 直持续到现在，可能 过去分词+for+时 间段 这里住了五年。 还会继续下去。 He has studied 同样表持续，但后 主语+have/has+ 表示持续 面接时间点（动作开 过去分词+since+ English since 2020. 他从2020年开始学英 始的起点)。 时间点/从句 语。 注意：动词类型 持续性动词(Iive, 瞬间动词→持续性 She has had the work,study,stay 动词 bike for two years. 等)才能与for/since (buy→have) 连用；瞬间动词 (come,go,leave, buy等)需改为相应 的持续性表达。 询问"多长时间” How long 用"How long+ How long have you 问句结构 have/has+主语+ stayed here?你在这 have/has+主语+ 过去分词？ 里待了多久？ 过去分词？” 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.My father in this school since 2010. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work 2.She her aunt for three years. A.has visited B.has been to C.has been in D.has had 3.-How long you the book? -For two weeks. A.have;had B.did;have C.do;have D.are;having 4.He to Beijing.He will be back next week. A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 5.We each other since we were children. A.know B.knew C.have known D.are knowing 6.The movie for ten minutes.Let s hurry. A.has begun B.has been on C.began D.will begin 7.-has your brother been a teacher? -Since 2018. A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.How much 8.I my hometown for two years.I miss it very much. A.have left B.have been away from C.left D.will leave 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给词的适当形试填空。 1.My grandpa(live)in this village since he was born. 2.They (be)friends for more than ten years. 3.I (not see)you for a long time. 4.How long she(stay)in the hospital? 5.The train (leave)already.We have to wait for the next one. 6.I(buy)this bike for three years. 7.He (work)in the factory since 2019. 8.We(not hear)from him since last month. 9.The old man (die)for five years. 10.-you ever (be)to the Great Wall? -Yes,twice. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.D;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.B;8.B 1.has lived;2.have been;3.haven 't seen;4has;stayed;5.has left;6.have had;7.has 语法专练二：语法填空 worked;8.haven t heard;9.has been dead;10.Have;been A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.The Giant has been away for a long time. 结构：主语+have/has been away for+时间段 中文：巨人已经离开很长一段时间了。 注意：现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的状态。 2."What are you doing here?"he shouts in a very angry voice. 结构：疑问词+be动词+主语+doing?(现在进行时) 短语：in a very angry voice用非常愤怒的声音 中文："你们在这儿干什么？"他用非常愤怒的声音喊道。 3.The children run away. 结构：主语+run away(动词短语) 中文：孩子们跑走了。 4.The Giant closes the gate and builds a high wall around the garden. 结构：主语+动词1+and+动词2（并列谓语） 短语：build a wall around..在周围建一堵墙 中文：巨人关上门，并在花园周围建了一堵高墙。 5.Since then,he hasn't seen a child there. 结构：since then+现在完成时 中文：从那以后，他再也没在那里看到过一个孩子。 6."I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year,"says the Giant. 结构：主语+cannot understand why+从句（宾语从句） 注意：since last year自从去年以来 中文："我不明白为什么从去年起春天就没有来过，"巨人说。 7.Spring never comes,nor summer. 结构：否定句+nor+名词（表示"也不”） 中文：春天从未来过，夏天也没有来。 8.Autumn gives golden fruit to every other garden. 结构：主语+gives+宾语+to+间接宾语 中文：秋天给每一个别的花园金的果实。 9."I haven't heard that beautiful birdsong for a while.I believe spring has come at last." 结构：haven't heard.for a while好一会儿没听到..了 结构：believe+宾语从句 中文："我有一阵子没听到那美丽的鸟鸣声了。我相信春天终于来了。” 10.The Giant sees a hole in the wall. 结构：主语+sees+名词+介词短语 中文：巨人看到墙上有个洞。 11.And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. 结构：so+形容词+that+从句（如此.以至于..） 短语：cover...with.用覆盖. 中文：树木如此高兴，以至于它们用花朵覆盖了自己。 12."How selfish I've been!"he says. 结构：How+形容词+主语+谓语！（感叹句） 中文："我多么自私啊！"他说。 13."Now I know why spring wouldn't come here. 结构：主语+know+Why+从句（宾语从句） 中文："现在我知道为什么春天不肯来这里了。“ 14.He knocks down the wall. 短语：knock down推倒 中文：他推倒了墙。 15.The children look afraid. 结构：主语+look+形容词（系动词用法） 中文：孩子们看起来很害怕。 16."Fear not,little ones,the Giant says."It's your garden now." 结构：Fear not=Don't fear(否定祈使句，较老式用法) 短语：little ones小家伙们 中文：别害怕，小家伙们，"巨人说，"现在这是你们的花园了。” 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（共10小题） The Giant has been away a long time.A.for B.since C.in D.during "What you here?"the Giant shouted.A.are;doing B.do;do C.did;do D.were;do A.run B.ran C.runs D.running A.build B,built C.builds D.building A.doesn't see B.didn't see C.hasn't seen D.won't see A.what B.why C.when D.where A.that B.because C.but D.so A.am B.have C.was D.had A.down B.up C.out D.in A.your B.my C.our D.their 练习二：完成狗子（根据中文提示完成英文句子，每空一词） 巨人已经离开很长时间了。 The Giant for a long time. 他们用非常愤怒的声音喊道。 They shouted a very 孩子们跑走了。 The children 他在花园周围建了一堵高墙。 He a high wall the garden. 从那以后，他再也没看到孩子。 he hasn't seen child. 它们如此高兴以至于用花朵覆盖了自己。 They were glad they covered themselves flowers. 现在我明白为什么春天不肯来了。 Now I know spring come. 巨人推倒了墙。 The Giant the wall. 孩子们看起来很害怕。 The children "别害怕，小家伙们。“ not,little 练习三：翻译句子（将中文翻译成英文，每句写在横线上） 巨人有一个大花园，里面有柔软的绿草和美丽的花朵。 孩子们在花园里玩耍，但是巨人生气了。 巨人关上门并且建了一堵高墙。 春天从未来过巨人的花园，夏天也没有。 一天早上，巨人听到鸟鸣声。 他意识到自己太自私了。 巨人推倒了墙，邀请孩子们进来。 现在花园永远是孩子们的。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A2.A;3.B;4.B;5.C6.B;7.A;8.B;9.A10.A 1.has been away;2.in;angry voice;3.ran away;4built; 练习二：完成句子 around;5.Since then;any,6.so;that;with;7.why;wouldn't; 8.knocked down;9.look afraid;10.Fear;ones 1.The Giant has a large garden with soft green grass and beautiful flowers.;2.The children played in the garden,but the Giant was angry.;3.The Giant closed the gate and built a 练习三：翻译句子 high wall.;4.Spring never came to the Giant's garden,nor summer.;5.One morning,the Giant heard the birdsong.;6.He realized that he had been too selfish.;7.The Giant knocked down the wall and invited the children in.;8.Now the garden belongs to the children forever. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 When I was in Grade 7,I had a problem getting along with my classmate,Lisa.She always borrowed my things without asking,and I felt angry but didn't know how to tell her.One day,she took my favorite pen and lost it.I was so upset that I shouted at her in front of everyone.She cried and ran away That evening,my mother noticed I was sad.She said,"Sometimes people don't realize they are hurting others.You need to communicate,not shout."The next day,I found Lisa and said,"I'm sorry for shouting.But I felt sad when you lost my pen because it was a gift from my grandmother."Lisa's eyes widened."I'm so sorry!I didn't know. Let me buy you a new one."From then on,she always asked before borrowing. I learned that understanding comes from talking,not from anger.When we share our feelings,we build stronger friendships. ()1.Why did the writer shout at Lisa? A.Because Lisa borrowed things without asking. B.Because Lisa lost her favorite pen. C.Because Lisa cried and ran away. D.Because Lisa didn't say sorry. ()2.What did the writer's mother advise her to do? A.To stay away from Lisa. B.To shout at Lisa again. C.To communicate instead of shouting. D.To buy a new pen for Lisa. ()3.How did Lisa feel after hearing the writer's words? A.Angry and upset. B.Surprised and sorry. C.Worried and sad. D.Happy and proud. ()4.What is the best title for the passage? A.A Lost Pen B.How to Make Friends C.Understanding Through Communication D.My Best Friend Lisa B篇 Do you know that sharing can make you happier?Scientists have found that when people share with others,.their brains release释i放)a chemical called dopamine(多巴 )which makes them feel good.This is why we often feel warm inside when we give presents to friends. However,sharing is not always easy.Many people,like the Giant in the story "The Selfish Giant",think that keeping everything for themselves will bring happiness.But in fact,it makes them lonely and sad.The Giant built a high wall to keep children out, but then spring refused to come to his garden.It was only when he knocked down the wall and shared his garden that happiness returned. The same is true in our daily lives.When we share our food,toys,or time with others, we not only help them but also feel more connected.Sharing creates a sense of belonging ()It tells others,"You matter to me."So next time you have something nice,think about sharing it.You might be surprised how much joy it brings to both you and others. ()1.What does the underlined word "which"in Paragraph 1 refer to? A.Sharing. B.Dopamine. C.The brain. D.A present. ()2.Why did the Giant in the story feel lonely and sad? A.Because he built a high wall. B.Because he kept the garden to himself. C.Because the children ran away. D.Because spring came late. ()3.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.Sharing makes people feel connected. B.It's better to keep things to yourself C.Only rich people can share. D.Sharing always brings money. ()4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.Scientists found that sharing makes people feel good. B.The Giant knocked down the wall at last. C.Sharing can create a sense of belonging. D.Keeping everything for yourself always brings happiness. ()5.What is the purpose of this passage? A.To tell a story about a selfish giant. B.To explain why sharing is important. C.To compare different ways of sharing. D.To introduce the chemical dopamine. 二、完形填空 Tom and Jerry were best friends.They did everything together.One day,Tom bought a new toy car.Jerry liked it very much and asked,"Can I 1. it for a day?"Tom agreed.But when Jerry returned the car,one of its wheels was broken.Tom was very 2. He shouted,"You broke my new car!I'll never 3.you anything again!" Jerry felt terrible.He tried to explain,"I didn't break it 4. purpose.It fell off the table while I was playing with it."But Tom wouldn't listen.They stopped talking to each other. A week passed.Tom started to feel 5. He remembered how much fun they had together.He also remembered that Jerry had once helped him with his homework and shared his lunch with him."Maybe I was too hard on him,"Tom thought.He decided to talk to Jerry. Tom found Jerry and said,"I'm sorry for shouting at you.I know you didn't mean to break it.Let's 6. the car together."Jerry smiled and said,"I'm sorry too.I should have been more careful." The next day,they went to a repair shop.The worker fixed the car 7. only a few dollars.Tom and Jerry played with the car happily.Tom realized that 8. a friend is more important than a toy.From then on,they became even 9. friends.They learned that 10. and forgiveness(宽恕)can build stronger relationships. A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.buy A.happy B.angry C.surprised D.excited A.ask B.give C.tell D.show A.in B.for C.on D.with A.lonely B.excited C.proud D.confident A.break B.throw C.repair D.sell A.for B.with C.in D.on A.losing B.keeping C.forgetting D.changing A.closer B.farther C.worse D.fewer A.shouting B.fighting C.understanding D.complaining 三、阅读短文回答问题 The Giant in the story "The Selfish Giant"was very rich.He had a large garden with soft grass and beautiful flowers.But he never allowed children to play there.He built a high wall and put up a sign:"No Children Allowed."The children had nowhere to play,and they felt sad. One day,the Giant went on a long trip.While he was away,children found a small hole in the wall.They went into the garden and played happily.When the Giant returned,he saw the children and became angry.He shouted at them and closed the hole. But then strange things happened.Spring came to all the other gardens,but the Giant's garden remained cold and white.The birds did not sing,the flowers did not bloom,and the trees did not grow leaves.The Giant was confused )He sat by the window day after day,wondering why spring would not come to his garden. One morning,he heard a beautiful sound.It was a bird singing!He looked out and saw children sitting in the trees.The trees had flowers again.The Giant smiled.He finally understood:the children were the ones who brought spring.He ran out and knocked down the wall.From that day on,the garden was always full of laughter and flowers. 1.What did the Giant put up on the wall? 2.How did the Giant feel when he saw children in his garden after returning? 3.Why didn't spring come to the Giant's garden? 4.What happened after the Giant knocked down the wall? 5.What lesson did the Giant learn from his experience? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) share friend angry understand build real luck return message priceless Last month,I had an argument()with my best friend,Peter.He borrowed my favorite comic book and lost it.I was so 1.that I didn't talk to him for a week. But then I 2.that he felt very sorry.He 3.a note to my desk,saying, "I'm sorry.Let me buy you a new one."I wanted to 4.. with him,but I didn't know how. One day,my mother said,"A true 5. is more 6. than any comic book. You should learn to forgive()."I decided to talk to Peter.We sat together and 7. our feelings.He said he really cared about our friendship.I felt 8.to have such a kind friend. Now we are still good friends.We often 9. our books and toys with each other. When we have problems,we 10. a wall of understanding instead of anger. Friendship is the most valuable thing in the world. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：How to Get Along with Others 提示 1你认为与人相处最重要的是什么？（如：倾听、分享、理解等） 2.结合你或他人的经历，说明一个具体的做法。 3.总结你的观点。 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.C 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.A4.D5.B 二、完形填 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.C 空 三、阅读短 1."No Children Allowed." 文回答问题 2.angry 3.didn't allow children to play in his garden /was selfish kept the garden to himself 4.laughter and flowers 5.sharing brings happiness /children bring spring being selfish makes one lonely(任意合理答案) 四、短文填 1.angry 2.realized 3.returned 4.understand 5.friend 空 6.priceless 7.shared 8.lucky 9.share 10.build 五、写作 范文： In my opinion,understanding is the most important thing in getting along with others. Last year,my classmate Lily often borrowed my things without asking.I felt angry at first.But after I talked to her,I learned she was just shy and didn't know how to ask.I began to understand her,and we became good friends. So,if we want to get along well with others,we should listen to them and try to understand their feelings.When we understand each other,friendship grows stronger.