专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）课件-2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“非谓语动词之动词不定式”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了作宾语/补足语、主语/表语、定语、状语及固定搭配五大考向，通过2021-2026年高考真题分析明确“作状语”“固定搭配”等高频考点权重，归纳单句语法填空等典型题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题讲练闭环+核心考点解密”，如以2024年新课标卷“to give”目的状语真题为例，解析“不定式表目的”解题策略，结合书面表达误区警示培养学生思维品质，实战通关模块通过分层训练提升语言能力和学习效率，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此精准开展复习教学。

专题3.2.3 非谓语动词之动词不定式 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 2. 命题解密 3. 书面表达中动词不定式误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空 II.语法填空：基础训练(动词不定式专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 考向2　动词不定式作主语或表语 考向3　动词不定式作定语 考向4　动词不定式作状语 考向5　动词不定式的固定搭配 非谓语动词 动词不定式的形式及句法功能 非谓语动词 动词不定式的核心考点 1.回眸高考真题 考向1　动词不定式作宾语或补足语 单句语法填空 1. (2026年1月浙江高考英语) There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉)  (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 to finish 2. (2025年高考英语全国I卷)We hope       (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 to present 3. (2024年新课标高考I卷) These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里会打开，以便让内部的植物获得阳光和新鲜空气。此处用不定式 “to give” 表示目的，即“萼片打开”的目的是“给内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气”。故填to give。 to give 4. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 to catch 5. (2024年高考英语北京卷)Taking the time           (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of        (self-awareness). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 to rest 6. (2023·高考英语全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, ___ (or) to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 to bite 7. (2023·高考英语全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔（汤包）之外，最好的小笼包要有薄薄的皮，这样它们才能被从蒸笼里提起来，而不会破皮或洒出任何馅料汤汁。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 to be lifted 考向2　作主语或表语 单句语法填空 1. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：可以步行或骑自行车走完全部14公里。此处是一个句型：It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。 to walk 2. (2026·江苏扬州·模拟预测) “In outdoor performances, I can see everyone’s expressions up close. It is much easier to intuitively (直觉地) sense whether the audience enjoys the piece I am playing and ____________ (feel) their emotions directly,” Sun told the Global Times. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：孙告诉《环球时报》说：“在户外演出时，我可以近距离看到每个人的表情，直观地感受观众是否喜欢我正在演奏的曲目并直接体会他们的情绪要容易得多。”句子为固定句型“it is + adj. + to do sth.”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。此处与“to intuitively sense”并列，由and连接，应用动词不定式，且可以与前面“to intuitively sense”共用一个不定式符号“to”。故填to feel/feel。 to feel / feel 3.（2026·湖北襄阳·三模）But it took courage for him, as a man, ________ (step) into a craft long dominated by women. 【解析】考查不定式。句意：但作为一名男性，踏入这个长期由女性主导的手艺需要勇气。It took courage for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事需要勇气”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是不定式to step。 4.（2026·湖南长沙·二模）Adrenaline heightens your perception (知觉). It seems ________ (slow) down time and makes you aware of danger. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：肾上腺素会增强你的感知能力。它仿佛能放慢时间流逝，让人快速察觉危险。seem to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“似乎做某事”，空处需填动词不定式做表语。故填to slow。 to step to slow 5.（25-26高三下·福建福州·阶段检测）It might seem strange for zongzi, widely known      (as) a typical summer snack,          (appear) in winter. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：粽子作为经典夏日小吃在冬日出现似乎有些怪异。此处为固定结构“It seems +形容词+for sth. to do sth.”，此处用不定式to appear作真正主语。故填to appear。 to appear 6.（2026高三下·福建泉州·专题练习）“Farmer painting is a local treasure. My goal is          (sow) creativity in the young so future generations continue to portray the story of rural life,” Zhang says. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“农民画是当地的瑰宝。我的目标是在年轻人心中播下创造力的种子，这样后代就能继续描绘农村生活的故事，”张青义说。此处应用动词不定式作表语，说明主语goal的具体内容。故填to sow。 to sow 1. (2026年高考英语北京卷) By mindfully seeking out opportunities _____________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过用心寻找机会来激发这种感觉，你可以让生活充满更大的意义。opportunity后常接动词不定式作后置定语，表示“……的机会”。故填to stimulate。 考向3　作定语 单句语法填空 to stimulate 2. (2025年高考英语全国II卷) Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance           (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 to discover 3. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women         (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive      (solution) to one-time event dressing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women        (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。 to rent 4. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位来自北京的视障男子最近徒步40天抵达西安，作为他徒步游览“一带一路”路线的第一步。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填to journey。 to journey 5.（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·期末）What makes paper cutting stand out is its ability ___________ (convey) deep cultural meanings through simple forms. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：剪纸的独特之处在于它能够通过简单的形式传达深刻的文化意义。固定搭配ability to do sth.“做某事的能力”，所以空处需用动词不定式，作后置定语，修饰名词ability。故填to convey。 6.（2025·浙江湖州·一模）“In the past, people stayed indoors, lifting weights in gyms. Now, there’s a growing desire _________ (break) free from concrete buildings.” Liu commented. 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：现在，人们越来越渴望从混凝土建筑中解脱出来。名词desire后常用不定式作后置定语，a desire to do sth.意为“做某事的渴望”。故填to break。 to convey to break 考向4　作状语 单句语法填空 1. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 to find 2. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra __________ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空白处句子意为：然而，如果你正在为自己一人购物，仅仅为了享受价格折扣而多买是不明智的。根据句意及句子结构可知，空白处应用动词不定式作 buying extra 的目的状语。 to benefit 4. (2023年新高考英语北京卷) She called for action          (address) the struggles of people around the world     (facing) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 3. (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) — ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 to teach to address 5. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量此前未受保护的地区，并将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入统一管理，以提高效率并减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了......”。故填to increase。 to increase 6. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 　______ (see) them. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，然后爬上去看他们。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to see。 to see 7. (2022·全国乙卷) _____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___ (inviting) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，该活动在社交媒体上开展了一系列公众推广活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29位茶艺专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，......”。故填To strengthen。 To strengthen 8. (2021·全国II卷) I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教会人们了解这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) people about this problem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to educate。  to educate 考向5　固定搭配 单句语法填空 1. (2026年全国高考英语I卷) It is also common for them       (hold) on traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大集也常在中国传统节日如春节、中秋节以及其他地方节日举行。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，本句使用固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”，设空处应用动词不定式形式。them与hold之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be held。 to be held 2. (2026年全国高考英语II卷) At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still      (being) early at 8:00 a.m. It’s time for my dan tian   __   (meet) another life force: coffee. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：课程结束时，尽管早上8点时间还早，我却感到十分清醒。是时候让我的丹田去遇见另一种生命力量了：咖啡。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，本题考查固定句式It’s time for sth./sb. to do sth.，意为“是……做某事的时候了”。故填to meet。 to meet 3. (2021·全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步不等，住宿设施旨在对自然环境产生低影响。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”，是一个固定搭配，其后的不定式做定语。故填to have。 to have 4. (2020·全国II卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些天，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，或者二、三年级的学生开始上计算机课，都是很平常的事。本题为“It is + adj. + for sb to do sth”句式，和前面的to publish一样，用不定式。所以填to begin。 to begin 6.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测）However, experts agree that there is no need ___________ (connect) starchy foods directly with appearance. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，专家表示，没有必要将淀粉类食物和外貌直接挂钩。固定句型There is no need to do sth.表示“没必要做某事”，后接不定式做后置定语。故填to connect。 5.（25-26高三下·湖南长沙·阶段检测）The key to China’s MSR mission lies in identifying Martian materials most likely ___________ (preserve) evidence of past or present life. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国火星采样返回任务的关键，是筛选出最有可能留存古今生命痕迹的火星物质。固定搭配 be likely to do sth.，意为“有可能做某事”，空处需填动词不定式to preserve。 to preserve to connect 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 2. 命 题 解 密 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ × × × × × × 非谓语动词--不定式的核心考点 1. 非谓语动词--不定式作状语 ①表示目的，在句子中做目的状语。 (In order) To pass the exam, we reviewed all the notes. (相当于in order / so as to，但so as to 不能放在句首) ②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。 She stayed up late studying, only to forget everything in the exam. ③too...to... 结构，too 修饰形容词或副词，不定式表示否定含义。only too...to... 或否定词+too...to... 结构，不定式表示肯定含义。 This ancient manuscript is too fragile for ordinary visitors to touch during the museum tour. 这本古代手稿太脆弱了，普通游客在博物馆参观期间不能触摸。 We are only too delighted to welcome you as our distinguished guest at tonight’s ceremony. 我们非常荣幸地欢迎您作为我们的贵宾出席今晚的典礼。 It is never too late to change your career path. 改变职业道路永远不会太晚。 ④enough to... 结构，enough 后置修饰形容词或副词，意思是“足以……”。 The lecturer spoke slowly enough for every student to take down all the important notes. 这位演讲者说得足够慢，足以让每个学生都记下所有重要的笔记。 ⑤不定式有些约定俗成的说法，可以用作独立状语，主要有： to begin with 首先 to tell the truth / to be honest 说实话 to cut a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to be sure 可以肯定的是 to be frank 坦率地说 to put it bluntly 直白地说 to sum up 总之 to conclude 综上所述 to make matters worse 更糟的是 to be fair 公平地说 to do him justice 公正地说 To be honest, her experience isn’t rich enough for the position. To be frank, your suggestion sounds impractical to me. To sum up, it is never too late to make positive changes in your life. 2. 非谓语动词--不定式作定语 不定式一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。 ①表示将来的动作： The candidates to be interviewed tomorrow must arrive at the company before 8:30. The new hospital to be completed next year will serve over 50,000 local residents. 不定式作定语的特殊用法： ②修饰抽象名词：chance, right, courage, promise, time, opportunity, way, ability, reason, the first, the second, the last, the only等。 It‘s high time for that lazy student to start preparing for the final examination next month. ③不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 There were not enough volunteers to help organize the massive charity event last weekend. ④不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词，需要带上相应介词。 The old man had no close relatives to share his daily joys and sorrows with. 这位老人没有亲人与他分享每天的喜与乐。 She finally found an experienced lawyer to consult this difficult case with. 她最终找到一位有经验的律师来咨询这个艰难的案子。 ⑤修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词： She says the best way to improve cooking is to practice with simple recipes. 她说提升厨艺的最佳方式是从简单食谱开始练习。 This is the first house to be built with eco-friendly materials in this area. 这是该地区第一座用环保材料建造的房子。 3. 非谓语动词---动词不定式做宾语 ①动词agree, offer, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help, prepare, decide, refuse, dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine等后面接不定式作宾语，可以利用“顺口溜”来记忆：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。动词come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。 The spokesperson flatly refused to respond to the accusation. 发言人断然拒绝回应指控。 When our children feel we believe in them, they grow to believe in themselves. 当我们的孩子感受到我们相信他们时，他们就会逐渐树立起自信。 注意：下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：teach, decide, show, wonder, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等。 The experienced mechanic showed me how to fix the old car engine all by myself. 那位经验丰富的机械师教我如何独自修理那台旧汽车发动机。 ②在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。 We found it a bit challenging to complete the entire project within such a short deadline. She considers it a golden opportunity to study abroad and broaden her horizons. ③在表示“希望、打算”等动词(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的过去式后，可接动词不定式的完成式来表示没有实现的动作。 She meant to have applied for that scholarship months ago, but she missed the deadline. They planned to have built a new school in that village, but the funds were insufficient. ④作介词的宾语 不定式可以作介词but和except的宾语。 The manager gave us no instructions except to complete the project before the deadline. She had no choice but to decline their generous invitation due to her busy schedule. He could do nothing but sit quietly in the corner and watch others enjoy the party. ⑤作be + 形容词的宾语 有两种句型，一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，另一个是句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。 (1)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager, foolish, fortunate, frightened, happy, impatient, glad, lucky, naughty, prepared, proud, ready, slow, shocked, sorry, surprised, willing等。 If you practice more, you’ll be able to catch up with your classmates definitely. She felt very satisfied to live a comfortable life in his native town. Anxious and tired as he is, the boss is ready to resolve the customers’ complaints. The students were happy to be given more time to prepare for the exam to come near. Despite many failures, he was determined to start his own business with nothing in hand. The students in this school are eager to learn about AI for their future development. (2)句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, nice, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。 　The professor’s lecture on philosophy is extremely difficult for freshmen to fully grasp. 那位教授关于哲学的讲座，新生们极难完全理解。 　Old wooden houses are often very hard and expensive to maintain properly. 老旧的木屋通常很难妥善维护，而且维护费用也很高。 　The newly built stadium is safe and comfortable for large audiences to sit in. 新建成的体育场安全舒适，适合大量观众入座观赛。 注意：在这种结构中，如果不定式是不及物动词，则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 　The newly bought tent is surprisingly spacious and comfortable to sleep in. 新买的帐篷出人意料地宽敞舒适，睡在里面很舒服。 　The strict professor is not very easy for students to communicate with. 这位严厉的教授不太容易让学生们沟通交流。 4. 非谓语动词--不定式作宾语补足语 ①接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise, allow, ask, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, leave, like, mean, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on/upon, long for, wait for等。 The doctor advised him to stop smoking immediately because of his bad health. The school forbade teenagers to swim in the river without adults’ accompany. My parents occasionally allowed me to stay out until 10 o’clock on weekends. I put a mark in the booklet margin to remind me to check the figure. The teacher always encouraged his students to think of questions independently. Though we are in Grade 3, we’re all longing for the new summer holiday to begin. The boss requires us to complete the report before the deadline. ②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make, have, let等使役动词以及see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。 The strict coach made all the young athletes train for five hours every morning. 那位严格的教练让所有年轻运动员每天上午训练五个小时。 The famous singer was heard to perform her latest song at the private party. 有人听到那位著名歌手在私人派对上演唱了她的最新歌曲。 省to不定式作宾补顺口溜： 省to宾补有十一，五看二听三使役； 一个帮助两均可，还有一个是感觉。 如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。 ③with＋宾语＋动词不定式(宾补) 通常表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或在当时看来尚未发生。 With so many complex legal issues to settle, the lawyers worked throughout the entire weekend. 有这么多复杂的法律问题要解决，律师们整个周末都在工作。 He started his new job with a great team to support him and many challenges to face. 他开始了新工作，既有一个很棒的团队支持他，也有许多挑战要面对。 With no clean water to drink and no shelter to stay, the refugees suffered a lot. 没有干净的饮用水，也没有栖身之所，难民们遭受了巨大的苦难。 The old man lived alone, with only a few loyal pets to keep him company. 那位老人独自生活，只有几只忠诚的宠物陪伴着他。 5. 非谓语动词 --动词不定式作表语 说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。它和主语处在同等地位。它所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语所产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。 My philosophy is to treat others the way I want to be treated. 我的人生哲学是己所不欲，勿施于人。 The only way to succeed is to work harder than everyone else. 成功的唯一途径是比其他人更努力。 ①动词不定式作表语一般带to，但如果主语部分有实义动词do，可以带to，也可以省略to。 The most sensible thing for us to do now is (to) save more money for the future. 我们现在最明智的做法是为将来多存一些钱。 What the young volunteers tried to do was (to) raise enough funds for the poor children. 那些年轻志愿者试图做的是为贫困孩子们筹集足够的资金。 ② “how/what/when/where/which/why +不定式短语”结构作表语 The biggest challenge for new managers is how to earn respect from their team members. 新任管理者面临的最大挑战是如何赢得团队成员的尊重。 The most confusing part of the application is where to upload all the required documents. 申请过程中最令人困惑的部分是在哪里上传所有要求的文件。 What I really need to know now is when to submit the final version of the report. 我现在真正需要知道的是何时提交报告的最终版本。 The key to this complex puzzle is knowing which clues to follow and which to ignore. 解决这个复杂难题的关键，在于知道哪些线索该跟进、哪些该忽略。 ③“for there to be +n.”结构作表语 What we are striving for is for there to be equal opportunities for everyone. 我们所奋斗的是让每个人都有平等的机会。 3.书面表达中动词不定式误区警示 1. 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识 The committee deems it necessary for the deadline to extend by three months. The committee deems it necessary for the deadline to be extended by three months. (误) (正) Lack of experience is not entirely to be blamed for his mistakes. Lack of experience is not entirely to blame for his mistakes. (误) (正) The relationship between these two countries has never been simple to be understood. The relationship between these two countries has never been simple to understand. (误) (正) 2. 缺少搭配意识 We couldn’t help moving the furniture since we were too tired. We couldn’t help (to) move the furniture since we were too tired. (误) (正) She went on to talk about her trip, then went on showing us the photos. She went on talking about her trip, then went on to show us the photos. (误) (正) 3. 缺少结构意识 It is quite common for young people living with their parents nowadays. It is quite common for young people to live with their parents nowadays. (误) (正) This historical site is worth being preserved for future generations. This historical site is worthy of being preserved for future generations. This historical site is worthy to be preserved for future generations. (误) (正) (正) There is no better way starts the day than to take a morning walk. There is no better way to start the day than to take a morning walk. (误) (正) 4. 实 战 通 关 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(原创) 1. This historical document we found yesterday is _______ (preserve) for future generations. 【解析】to be preserved 考查动词不定式。句意：我们昨天找到这份历史文献应当为后代保存。不定式被动(to be done)在此处表被动义务或普遍价值。故填to be preserved。 2. The old building was _______ (demolish) last year, but the plan was canceled. 【解析】to have been demolished 考查动词不定式。句意：这座旧楼本应在去年被拆除，但计划被取消了。was/were + to have been + 过去分词：表示 “过去计划做但未实现的事”，属于“不定式完成被动式”。因旧楼(The old building)是“被拆除”的对象，需用被动形式。 3. Young volunteers are often encouraged _______ (participate) in community service activities. 【解析】to participate 考查动词不定式。句意：年轻志愿者经常被鼓励参加社区服务活动。be encouraged to do是一个固定结构。encouraged为过去分词，表被动；to participate为不定式，表被鼓励的具体行为。完整结构：主语 + be encouraged + to + 动词原形。 4. The famous professor is known _______ (publish) over 100 research papers in his career. 【解析】to have published 句意：这位著名教授在其职业生涯中已知发表了100多篇研究论文。著名教授因 在其职业生涯中已完成的动作(发表研究论文)而被广泛知晓。强调“发表” 这一过去行为对当前声誉的影响。 5. _______ (master) a foreign language requires not only hard work but also consistent practice over a long period of time. 【解析】To master / Mastering 考查非谓语动词。句意：掌握一门外语不仅需要勤奋，还需要长期坚持不懈的练习。此处在主语位置，可以用不定式或动名词。两者侧重点不同，不定式侧重具体动作，动名词侧重经常性动作。另外，句首应用大写字母。 6. A good leader in such a large company should know how _______ (not make) the same mistake twice. 【解析】not to make 考查非谓语动词。句意：这么大的公司的一位优秀领导者知道如何不重复犯同样的错误。know + 疑问词 + 不定式是固定搭配，该结构要表达“如何不做某事”时，否定词 not 必须放在不定式符号to之前。 7. ________ (tell) you the truth, I have never enjoyed such a wonderful performance before. 【解析】To tell 考查非谓语动词。句意：跟你说实话，我以前从未欣赏过如此精彩的演出。说话者以直接、坦诚的方式说出事实，强调 “从来没有看过” 。To tell you the truth作为插入语，表明后续内容是直言不讳的观点。用于修饰整个句子，表达说话态度。 8. The new law ensures that minors are ________ (not punish) as severely as adults. 【解析】not to be punished 考查非谓语动词。句意：新法规定未成年人不应像成人一样被严惩。be + to do结构表示“应该/必须”，这里用被动形式be + to be punished表示“应该被惩罚”。否定形式：在to前加not → not to be punished。 9. The scientific paper ________ (publish) next month presents a very innovative discovery. 【解析】to be published 考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月将要发表的这篇科学论文提出了一项非常创新的发现。需要修饰paper的定语，表示“将要发表的科学论文”，时间状语next month表明是将来的动作。不定式to do的被动形式：to be + 过去分词 → to be published，作后置定语表示“将要发生的被动动作”。 10. The ancient city is reported ________ (destroy) by a sudden earthquake yesterday. 【解析】to have been destroyed 考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，那座古城因昨天一场突如其来的地震被毁了。be reported后可以接从句或不定式，本句主语是表物的名词，后面常用不定式。又因句中有时间状语yesterday，说明是一个已经发生的动作，应该用不定式的完成式。 II.语法填空原创(非谓语动词专练) The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture Evolving over five thousand years, Chinese traditional culture stands as one of the world’s most profound civilizations. Its beauty, far from 1 (be) merely historical, remains a living force, waiting 2 (discover). One captivating aspect is its philosophy, 3 (root) in the harmony between nature and humanity. Ancient sages, seeking 4 (understand) the universe, developed concepts like Yin and Yang. These ideas, aimed at maintaining balance, are reflected in traditional medicine and architecture. 5 (visit) a classical garden, you can observe rocks and water arranged deliberately to create a microcosm of nature, inviting contemplation and offering a peaceful retreat. Another dimension lies in artistic expressions. Calligraphy, regarded as the highest visual art, is not simply 6 (write) but a dance of energy. The brush, guided by the artist’s breath, creates strokes both powerful and delicate. Similarly, Peking opera, combining singing and martial arts, tells stories of heroism, 7 (use) vibrant costumes to convey deep meanings. 8 (preserve) this heritage, we must pass it on to younger generations. 9 (study) these traditions, one gains a deeper sense of identity. The beauty of Chinese culture is not a relic 10 (lock) in the past; it is a dynamic river, flowing forward and enriching the world with its timeless wisdom. 1. being 2. to be discovered 3. rooted 4. to understand 5. Visiting 6. writing 7. using 8. To preserve 9. Having studied 10. locked 【导语】本文以优美的笔触介绍了中国传统文化之美。文章开篇点明中华文化历经五千年演变，至今仍是充满生命力的活态存在。随后从哲学思想与艺术表现两个维度展开。文章最后指出，传承文化遗产是当代人的责任，因为中华文化不是尘封于过去的遗物，而是一条奔流不息的长河，持续为世界贡献其永恒的思想与艺术价值。 1. being 考查动名词。句意：它的美远非仅仅是历史上的遗物。far from 是介词短语，介词后面接动词时需用动名词形式-ing。be 的逻辑主语是Its beauty，表状态，用 being 作介词 from 的宾语。故填being。 2. to be discovered 考查动词不定式。句意：等待着被发现。wait的宾语需用不定式 to do 结构。主语 Its beauty 与 discover 之间为被动关系(美被人发现)，故用不定式的被动式 to be discovered。故填to be discovered。 3. rooted 考查过去分词。句意：植根于人与自然和谐之中的哲学。root作动词意为“使扎根”。philosophy 与 root 之间为被动关系(哲学被植根于……)，且表状态，故用过去分词 rooted 作后置定语，相当于 which is rooted in...。故填rooted。 4. to understand 考查动词不定式。句意：古代先贤为了理解宇宙而发展出了阴阳等概念。seek后接不定式作目的状语，即seek to do sth (试图/寻求做某事)。此处表示先贤“为了去理解”宇宙，用to understand。故填to understand。 5. Visiting 考查现在分词。句意：当游览一座古典园林时，你可以观察到……句子的主语是 you，与 visit 之间为主动关系(你去游览)，且 visit 与主句谓语 can observe 同时发生，用现在分词 Visiting 作时间状语，相当于 When you visit...。注意句首首字母大写。故填Visiting。 6. writing 考查动名词。句意：书法不仅仅是书写，而是一种能量的舞蹈。not simply...but... 连接并列结构，前面是名词 writing (书写行为)，后面是名词 a dance，因此此处需用动名词 writing 作表语，表示“书写”这一行为本身，而非动词原形。故填writing。 7. using 考查现在分词。句意：京剧用鲜艳的服饰来传达深层含义。句子的主语是 Peking opera，与 use 之间为主动关系(京剧使用服饰)，且 use 伴随主句谓语 tells 同时发生，用现在分词 using 作方式状语。故填using。 8. To preserve 考查动词不定式。句意：为了传承这份遗产，我们必须把它传给年轻一代。To preserve 置于句首作目的状语，表示“为了……”。不定式表目的时，逻辑主语与句子主语 we 一致(我们去传承)。注意句首首字母大写。故填To preserve。 9. Having studied 考查现在分词。句意：在研究了这些传统之后，一个人会获得更深的身份认同感。study 这一动作发生在主句谓语 gains 之前(先研究，后获得)，且主语one与study为主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式 Having studied，相当于 After one has studied...。故填Having studied。 10. locked 考查过去分词。句意：被锁在过去的遗物。relic与lock之间为被动关系(遗迹被锁在……)，且表状态，用过去分词 locked 作后置定语，相当于 which is locked in the past。故填locked。 III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) (2020年1月浙江高考）Something significant is happening to the world population--it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 ____ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the _________(number) are more striking -- 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is driven ____ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large __________ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ______ (old) than before. This is ____________ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has ___ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly. People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should __________ (place) on longevity (长寿). It isn’t just that people are, on average, living longer. It’s also that they are on average healthier _____ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy. was to increase numbers by compared older particularly a be placed and 【导语】本文探讨了全球人口老龄化现象及其驱动因素。文章通过对比不同年代的数据(如美国、日本1950年与2050年的年龄中位数变化)，指出人口老龄化的两大原因：生育率下降和寿命延长，并强调长寿对经济的积极影响(如延长工作年限、促进消费等)。 1. was 考查一般过去时。句意：1950年美国人的年龄中位数是30岁。此空用一般过去时态，描述1950年的历史事实。(时间状语in 1950提示用过去时。)故填was。 2. to increase 考查动词不定式，表将来预期。句意：如今是41岁，预计到2050年将增至42岁。to increase是不定式作主语补足语，与is expected构成被动语态(be expected to do)。故填to increase。 3. numbers 考查名词复数。句意：对日本而言，这些数字更加惊人……。此空应该用numbers (复数形式)，指代前文提到的多个年龄数据(22, 46, 53)。故填numbers。 4. by 考查介词。句意：人口老龄化由两大因素驱动。此空by是被动语态搭配，表示被动语态的动作发出者(由……导致)。故填by。 5. compared 考查过去分词。句意：与年轻一代相比，老一代人口更庞大。compared是过去分词作状语，表比较(compared to = 与……相比)。分词作状语(省略主语，逻辑主语需与主句一致)。故填compared。 6. older 考查形容词比较级。句意：人口平均年龄比以前更大。此空用older(比较级)与than before构成比较结构。故填older。 7. particularly 考查副词。句意：这在美国尤为明显。particularly (副词)修饰其后形容词true，强调程度。副词用法(需修饰形容词/动词/句子)。故填particularly。 8. a 考查不定冠词。句意：如今在美国出生的孩子有极大可能活到100岁以上……。此空a(不定冠词)表示泛指“一个机会”。其后的very是以辅音音素开头的词，故填a。 9. be placed 考查情态动词被动形式。句意：然而，应更关注长寿问题。attention与place为逻辑上的动宾关系，短语place one’s attention意为“关注”。情态动词被动(should + be + 过去分词)。故填be placed。 10. and 考查并列连词。句意：他们更健康、更有生产力，且持续时间更长。and (并列连词)，连接两个形容词healthier和more productive。并列结构(前后成分需一致：形容词+形容词)。故填and。 Thank you $