专题3.1.1 动词的时态和语态（高考回眸 + 命题解密 + 误区警示 + 实战通关）2027届高考英语一轮复习【语法攻坚突破·讲练闭环升级】

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“动词的时态和语态”核心语法考点，依据高考评价体系梳理了基本时态、主动被动语态两大考向，通过2021-2026年全国卷及地方卷真题分析，明确一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、被动语态等高频考点分布，归纳单句语法填空典型题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题讲练闭环+考点深度解密”，如以2025年北京卷“By the time you brushed...”为例，解析过去完成时的“过去的过去”时间逻辑，培养学生语言理解与语境分析的思维品质。设“时态判断三步骤”“被动语态四要素”等技巧模块，搭配原创单句填空与真题综合训练，帮助学生精准突破考点，教师可据此实施靶向教学，提升复习效率。

专题3.1.1 动词的时态和语态 2027届高考英语一轮复习 【语法攻坚突破•讲练闭环升级】 目录 contents 1. 回眸2021-2026年高考真题 2. 命题解密 3. 书面表达中动词误区警示 4. 实战通关 I.单句语法填空原创 II.语法填空：基础训练原创(动词专练) III.语法填空：高考真题(综合训练) 考向 1 动词的基本时态 考向 2 动词的主动、被动语态 动词的时态和语态的形式 谓语动词的五种基本形式 动词时态的核心考点 1. (2026年全国高考I卷) As transportation and communication        (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily       (necessities). 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当时交通和通信尚不发达，各家各户很难获得日常所需的物资。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词。结合后文谓语动词was可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语transportation and communication为两个并列名词，表示复数概念，谓语也应用复数形式。故填were。 1.回眸高考真题 考向 1 动词的基本时态 单句语法填空 were 2. (2026年全国高考II卷) In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core, and qi in Chinese means life force. Now I _____________ (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 【解析】考查时态。句意：此刻，我应当感受双腿的重量，气沉丹田。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语。再结合句意可知，本题考查固定搭配be supposed to do sth.，意为“应该做某事”。主语为I，且全文为一般现在时。故填am supposed。 am supposed 3. (2025年全国高考英语I卷) A decent winner always       (try) to beat the opponent      (by) no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 4. (2025年全国高考英语II卷) The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ____ (be) one of them. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 tries is 5. (2025年高考英语浙江1月卷)The concept ____ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 6. (2025年高考英语北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________ (make) several decisions even without noticing. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 is had made 7. (2025年高考英语北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ______ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ___ (which) accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 8. (2024年全国新课标I卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ (the) first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 left walks 9. (2024年全国高考甲卷) They ______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 10. (2024年高考英语浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets ______________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ___ (designed) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉，其包装设计为两个半区，分别装有不同的分量。分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语 Over the last two years，而且主语是复数形式，故填现在完成时 have started。 were have started 12. (2023年全国高考英语Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。根据从句中的时态来判断，这里也应该用过去时。故填wished。 11. (2024年高考英语北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ______ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 gives wished 13. (2023年全国高考英语乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这座城市在有意识地保护过去的同时迈向现代世界，其显著的发展意味着这里总有新的发现，我或许可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。句子主语是The remarkable development，单数名词，另外句中时态是一般现在时。故填means。 means 14. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _______ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ___ (exactly) on time. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 threw 15. (2023年高考英语北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest ________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 had arrived 16. (2023年高考英语北京卷)Up to now, China __ __ ____ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 has established 17. (2022年全国高考英语I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___ (to increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量此前未受保护的区域，并将许多现有的巨型熊猫保护区统一归口管理，以保护成效并减少管理上的不一致。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 were 18. (2022年全国高考英语II卷) Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Henry正在修车，这时他听到惊叫声。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 was fixing 19. (2022年全国高考英语II卷) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他迅速地把工具扔到一边，张开双臂开始跑。根据下文的“and started running”可知，此处用一般过去时。故用threw。 threw 20. (2022年全国高考甲卷) In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.  【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年里，曹走过了六大洲的34个国家，2016年他登上了非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。故填has walked。 has walked 21. (2022年全国高考英语乙卷) The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society __________ (address) the opening ceremony. 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：中国文化促进会主席在开幕式上致辞。根据上文提到的May 21st可知，首届“国际茶日”已经举办，故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。 addressed 22. (2021年全国高考英语I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，当时人们要把这些石头放到合适的位置上有多难。句中有时间状语then，可以判断用一般过去时。故填was。 was 23. (2021年全国高考英语II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。 was 24. (2021年全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们在南门租车处，租了自行车。根据上下文内容可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的经历，所以用一般过去时。故填hired。 hired 1. (2025年全国高考英语I卷)“The players’ personalities      (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 2.(2025年高考英语北京卷)Usually, better outcomes ____________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 考向 2 动词的语态 单句语法填空 are revealed are achieved 3. (2024年新高考全国II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __ (inspired) by The Peony Pavilion,  (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语Two years later可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为a six-meter-tall pavilion，单数，和动词build之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 4. (2024年高考全国甲卷) What should ________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 was built be done 5.(2024年高考英语北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood           (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 was named 6. (2024年1月浙江高考) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ___________ (offer) in smaller packs. 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分很不错，但如果它们有时能以更小的包装出售，那就更有帮助了。根据空白处前的 could 可知，空白处应为动词原形，主语 they 和动词 offer 之间是被动关系，故填 be offered。 be offered 7. (2023年全国高考英语甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 be employed 8. (2022年全国高考英语乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查语态。句意：在过去的十年里，我多次到访，对这座城市新旧共存的现象感到惊叹，以及它如何在不断发展的同时，依然能够保留如此丰富的文化遗产。根据空后的by可知，此处用被动形式。另外从后面的时态来看，用一般过去时。故填was amazed。 was amazed 9. (2022年全国高考英语I卷) The GPNP ___________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ... 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 is designed 10. (2021年全国高考英语甲卷) It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐朝的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复。根据“originally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情；主语“It”和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。 was built 2. 命 题 解 密 框架结构图 动词的语态 动词 动词的时态 一般时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 完成时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 完成进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 主动语态 被动语态 动词的时态和语态的形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 现在 主动 被动 过去 主动 被动 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing am / is / are done am/ is / are being done have / has been done did was / were doing had done had been doing was / were done was / were being done had been done 动词的时态和语态的形式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 将来 主动 被动 过去将来 主动 被动 shall / will do shall / will be done should do should / would be done shall / will be doing shall / will be being done should / would be doing should / would be being done shall / will have done shall / will have been done should / would have done should / would have been done shall / will have been doing should / would have been doing 谓语动词的五种基本形式 形式 规则变化示例 不规则变化示例 主要用途 动词原形 第三人称单数 过去式 现在分词 过去分词 write writes wrote writing written go goes went going gone 一般现在时(非三单)、情态动词后 一般现在时（三单主语） 一般过去时 完成时、被动语态 进行时、形容词/动名词 动词时态的核心考点 1.一般现在时考点分析 (1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。 Water boils at 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure (at sea level). Honey doesn’t spoil, reminding us that some things resist the decay of time. The early bird catches the worm — but the second mouse gets the cheese. (2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 This old temple in the deep mountains looks mysterious, especially on foggy mornings. Light music sounds relaxing, and it always makes one feel calm after a long day’s work. Every morning, she wakes up at 6 a.m., and then goes for a jog around the nearby park. (3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem 等。 In Italy, tourists like eating pizza in restaurants, but locals prefer grabbing a slice on the street. The worn-out dictionary belongs to my English teacher; she bought it during her college years in London. (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。(主将从现) When my brother returns from his business trip, he will bring us some local souvenirs. If you submit your application and pass the first-round interview, the HR manager will contact you within a week. (5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop 等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。 The final exam takes place on June 20th, and the school will announce the results on July 5th. The clinic opens at 8:00 a.m. and closes at 8:00 p.m. on weekdays, but it closes earlier on weekends. Next year is my grandmother’s 80th birthday, and we are planning a big family reunion. 2.一般过去时考点分析 (1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。 He ran into his primary school teacher at the supermarket last week. He always drank a glass of milk before going to bed when he lived with his parents. She didn’t expect to meet her old classmate at the conference. (2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。 The teacher knew that the student finished the project before the deadline last Friday. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute 等。 Her mother gave her a beautiful necklace for her birthday, but she never wore it. The moment the teacher walked in, her expression stern and books clutched to her chest, the students stopped talking immediately. (4)常用一般过去时态的句型。 Why didn’t she answer my call yesterday afternoon? She didn’t hear the doorbell because she was listening to music with headphones. She forgot to tell him about the surprise party because she was too busy. She failed to recognize her childhood friend at the reunion. Thank you $