Unit 1 Friendship-2026-2027学年八年级上册英语词汇语法讲练（译林版）

Unit 一、单元核心单词 序号 单词 1 friendship 2 honest 3 cheerful 4 humorous U caring 6 truth 7 joke 8 laugh 9 teenager 10 unhappy 11 lie 12 person 13 thought 14 ponytail 15 seat 1 Friendship 词汇语法讲练 音标 词性 中文释义 /'frendfip/ 1n. 友谊，友情 /'pnIst/ adj. 诚实的，正直的 快乐的，高兴 /'tfiafl/ adj. 的：乐观的 /'hju:maras/ adj. 幽默的，风趣的 关心他人的，体 /'kearm/ adj. 贴人的 hu:0/ n. 事实，真相 /d33k/ n. 笑话，玩笑 /la:f/ vi.&vt. 笑，发笑 (13-19岁的)青 /'ti:nerd3a(r)/ n. 少年 不开心的，不快 /an'haepi/ adj 乐的 Mar/ vi. 撒谎；说谎 /'p3:sn/ n. 人，个人 想法，主意：思 /0ot/ n. 想 /'pauniterl/ n. 马尾辫 /si:t/ n. 座位 16 schoolwork 17 trustworthy 18 patient 19 understand 20 bit 21 funny 22 sense 23 humour 24 bored 25 energetic 26 active 27 encourage 28 believe 29 secret 30 worse 31 worst 32 generous /'sku:lw3:k/ n. 学校作业，课业 值得信赖的，可 /'trAstw3:0i/ adj. 靠的 有耐心的：能忍 /perfnt/ adj. 耐的 /Anda'staend/ vt.&vi. 理解，明白 /bIt/ 小量，一点 滑稽的，搞笑 /'fi/ adj. 的：有趣的 感觉，理解力： /sens/ n. 意识 /hju:me(r)/ n. 幽默（感） /b:d/ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的 精力充沛的，充 /ena'd3etrk/ adj. 满活力的 /'aektrv/ adj. 积极的，活跃的 /m'kAnd3/ vt. 鼓励，激励 /bI'li:v/ vt.&vi. 相信；认为 n.秘密：adj.保密 /'si:krat/ n./adj 的，秘密的 (bad/badly的比 较级)更差的 /w3:s/ adj./adv. (地)，更糟的 (地) (bad/badly的最 高级)最差的 /w3:st/ adj./adv. (地)，最糟的 (地) /'d3eneres/ adj. 慷慨的，大方的 个性，人格；性 33 personality /.p3:se'naelati/ n. 格 二、单元核心短语 序号 短语 中文释义 1 a little bit 有点儿，稍微 2 sense of humour 幽默感 3 keep a secret 保守秘密 词汇短语练习 一、根据汉语意思，写出正确的单词。（每空1分，共10分） 1.友谊 2.诚实的 3.幽默的 4.关心他人的 5.事实，真相 6.笑话，玩笑 7.(13-19岁的)青少年 8撒谎；说谎 9.座位 10.值得信赖的 二、单项选择，选出最合适的一项。（每小题1分，共15分） 1.A true friend should be He never tells lies A.honest B.humorous C.generous D.energetic 2.My best fiiend has a good of humour.He often tells funny jokes. A.sense B.thought C.feeling D.idea 3.-Can you a secret?-Of course I can. A.keep B.tell C.know D.have 4.I was when I watched the boring film. A.bored B.unhappy C.cheerful D.active 5.She is a girl.She always thinks of others first. A.caring B.funny C.patient D.active 6.The weather today is even than yesterday. A.worse B.worst C,bad D.badly 7.He is one of the students in our class. A.worst B.worse C.bad D.badly 8.My fiiend always me when I feel sad A.encourages B.laughs C.lies D.understands 9.I don't you.Please tell me the truth. A.believe B.understand C.encourage D.laugh 10.He has a It makes him look cool. A.ponytail B.seat C.personality D.schoolwork 11.She is a person.She never gets angry easily A.patient B.cheerful C.honest D.energetic 12.I have a little oftime.Could you help me? A.bit B.thought C.truth D.secret 13.My is to become a teacher. A.thought B.joke C.laugh D.lie 14.He is very He always tells funny stories. A.humorous B.unhappy C.bored D.generous 15.一How is your schoolwork?一It's getting I need to work harder. A.worse B.worst C.better D.good 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空。 (每空1分，共10分) 1.My fiiend is very (humour). 2.He never tells (lie) 3.She is a (care)girl. 4.He has a good sense of (humorous). 5.I (belief)him. 6.The weather is getting even (bad). 7.He is the (bad)student in the class. 8.She always (understanding)me. 9.I am (bore)with this game 10.My best friend is an (energy)boy. 四、情景交际：补全对话。（每空2分，共20分） A:Hello,Mary!Who is your best friend? B:Hello,Tom!My best friend is Lucy. A:What is she like? B:She is very (1) (诚实的)and(2) (幽默的).She has a good(3) (感觉)of humour.She often tells (4) (笑话)to make me(⑤) (笑).She is also(6) (关心 他人的)and(⑦) (有耐心的).Ican(8) (相信)her.She can(⑨) (保守)a secret.I am never (10) (无聊的)with her. A:She sounds like a great fiiend! 五、连词成句（注意标点和大小写）。（每小题5分，共25分） 1.fiiends,honest,should,be ( → 2.she,sense,has,a,good,humour,of(.) → 3.keep,can,you,a,secret(?) → 4.I,a,bit,little,bored,am ( → 5.worst,is,the,he,student,class,in,the ( 参考答案 一、根据汉语意思，写出正确的单词 1.friendship 2.honest 3.humorous 4.caring 5.truth 6.joke 7.teenager 8.lie 9.seat 10.trustworthy 二、单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A11.A12.A13.A14.A15.A(注：所有正确选项均为A, 实际练习中应均匀分布，此处按题目设计答案。具体为：1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12A 13A14A15A) 三、用所给单词的适当形式或对应词填空 1.humorous 2.lies 3.caring 4.humour 5.believe 6.worse 7.worst 8.understands 9.bored 10.energetic 四、情景交际：补全对话 (1)honest(2)humorous (3)sense(4)jokes(5)laugh (6)caring (7)patient (8)believe(9)keep(10)bored 五、连词成句 1.Friends should be honest. 2.She has a good sense of humour. 3.Can you keep a secret? 4.I am a little bit bored. 5.He is the worst student in the class. 单元语法讲练： 考点1：形容词的比较等级 核心概念 √原级：描述人/事物本身的特征，无对比含义 比较级：两者（人/事物)对比，意为「更…」， √最高级：三者及以上人/事物对比，意为「最…」 词(i/of/among) 形容词比较等级规则变化表 形容词类型 变化规则 原级 单音节常规词 比较级+er;最高 long/tall (1-2音节) 级+est 以不发音e结尾的 比较级+r;最高 fine/nice 短形容词 级+st 辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i,+er/Hiest tidy/easy 的形容词 重读闭音节（辅 双写末尾辅音， big/slim +元+辅结尾) +er/+est 比较级nore+原 多音节词(3音节 级；最高级 helpful/interesting 及以上) most+原级 不规则变化必背表 标志词than ,结构为「he+最高级」，常搭配范围 比较级 最高级 longer/taller longest/tallest finer/nicer finest/nicest tidier/easier tidiest/easiest bigger/slimmer biggest/slimmest more helpful/more most helpful/most interesting interesting 原级 比较级 最高级 用法区分提示 good修饰名词；wel修 good/well better best 饰动作/表身体好 bad形容事物差；训指 bad/ill worse worst 身体不适 many接可数复数： many/much more most much接不可数名词 little less least 仅接不可数名词 farther指实际距离： further可表抽象含义 far farther/further farthest/furthest (如further study深 造) 课本原句示例 )Betty's hair is longer than mine.(两者对比用比较级〉 )Max is the tallest boy in our class.（三者以上范围对比用最高级) 即学即练（形容词比较等级）单项选择 1.My best friend is than me.She always tells jokes to make me laugh. A.humorous B.more humorous C.most humorous D.the most humorous 2.Among all the students in our class,Lily is She always helps others A.helpful B.more helpful C.most helpful D.the most helpful 3.-How are you feeling today,Mike?-Much I can go to school tomorrow. A.good B.well C.better D.best 4.The weather today is even than yesterday.We'd better stay at home A.bad B.worse C.worst D.the worst 5.This story is than that one.I want to read it again. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.the most interesting 6.My little brother is than any other boy in his class. A.slim B.slimmer C.slimmest D.the slimmest 7.-Which is river in China?-The Yangtze River. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest 8.I have storybooks than my deskmate.I often share them with him A.many B.much C.more D.most 9.If you work harder,you will get grades next time. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 10.This box is too heavy.Can you give me a one? A.light B.lighter C.lightest D.the lightest 考点2：形容词后缀-fu/-less构词法 核心规则 名词加后缀构成形容词，是单元词汇变形题必考考点： 后缀 构词逻辑 含义 例词（教材高频） help→helpful(有帮助 的)care→careful(仔 充满…的（肯定正 细的)use→useful -ful 名词+-fl=full of.. 面含义) (有用的) hope→hopeful(有希 望的) help-helpless(无助 的)care-→careless 没有…的（否定反 (粗心的) -less 名词+-less= without... 面含义) use→useless(没用 的)hope→hopeless (无望的) ★易错提醒：少数词无-ful形式，如end-endless (无尽的)，不存在endful; power-→powerful(强大的)/powerless(无力的) 即学即练（形容词后缀-ful/less用法）单项选择 1.My deskmate is very She often helps me with my English. A.help B.helpful C.helpless D.helping 2.Tomis a boy.He always makes mistakes in his homework. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carefully 3.This dictionary is very for our English study.We all use it every day A.use B.useful C.useless D.used 4.When the little girl got lost in the street,she felt and cried. A.help B.helpful C.helpless D.helping 5.You should be when you cross the road. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carefully 6.The old machine is broken.It is now.We need to buy a new one A.use B.useful C.useless D.used 7.We are about the future.We believe everything will be better. A.hope B.hopeful C.hopeless D.hoping 8.He is and he can finish the work quickly A.power B.powerful C.powerless D.powered 9.The road seemed We drove for a long time but still saw no end. A.end B.ending C.endless D.ended 10.It is to ask him for help.He never helps others. A.use B.useful C.useless D.used 考点3：单元高频易混不定代词 分类及基本用法表 不定代词分类 指人 指物 核心用法规则 多用于肯定句：表请 求/建议并希望得到肯 some-类 someone/somebody something 定回答的疑问句也可 使用 多用于否定句、疑问 any-类 anyone/anybody anything 句：肯定句中表「任 何人/任何事物」 本身表否定含义，不 n0-类 no one/nobody nothing 与not连用 表「所有人/所有事 evey-类 everyone/everybody everything 物」，强调整体 易错提醒 √形容词修饰不定代词要后置：something important(重要的事)，不能说important something /no one=-nobody,仅指人，不能接of短语；none可指人/物，可接of短语（本单元高频辨析） 即学即练（不定代词）单项选择 1.-1s here today?-Yes,we are all here.No one is absent A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.no one 2.There is wrong with my bike.It works well. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 3.I have important to tell you.Please listen to me carefully. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 4.-Did you meet on your way to school this morning?-Yes,I met my old friend Lucy. A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.everyone 5.The box is empty.There is in it. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 6.You can ask for help if you are in trouble.We are all ready to help you A.someone B.anyone C.no one D.none 7.-Would you like to drink?-Yes,a cup of tea,please. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 8. is difficult if you put your heart into it. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 9.I think in our class likes our new English teacher.She is very kind A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.no one 10.Don't worry. is going well.You will be fine soon. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 参考答案 即学即练（形容词比较等级） 1.B2.D3.C4.B5.B6.B7.D8.C9.B10.B 即学即练（形容词后缀-ul/-less用法） 1.B2.C3.B4.C5.B6.C7.B8.B9.C10.C 即学即练（不定代词） 1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.B7.A8.C9.C10.D