热点时文16 微尘塑变·水网危机（阅读专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习时文阅读高分突破

**基本信息** 以热点科普时文为载体，融合词汇分层积累、长难句解码与多元题型训练，构建“语言输入-逻辑分析-输出应用”的系统性复习体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |长句解码|2个长句|过去分词作状语、not only...but also...结构解析及翻译技巧|从语法结构到语义转化，构建复杂句式理解路径| |词库筑基|11个课标词|课标词汇情境化记忆|基础词汇与主题语境结合，夯实语言能力基础| |阅读理解|5题+3篇模拟题|细节理解、推理判断等题型解法|从现象到原理再到影响，培养科学思维逻辑| |语法填空|10空|语境中语法应用|词法与句法在语篇中的综合运用| |应用文写作|1篇|问题回应类邮件结构|观点表达与呼吁的逻辑组织，提升表达能力|

热点时文16 纳米塑患·水隐玄机 【时文·速递】 Most people worry about nanoplastics because we may take in these tiny plastic particles directly. However, a new study finds nanoplastics bring another risk — they can make harmful bacteria harder to control in drinking water systems. 大多数人之所以担心纳米塑料，是因为我们可能会直接摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒。然而，一项新研究发现，纳米塑料还带来了另一种风险——它们会使饮用水系统中的有害细菌更难控制。 Published in Water Research, the research was led by Jingqiu Liao, an assistant professor from Virginia Tech. Nanoplastics are particles between 1 and 1,000 nanometers, so they are invisible to human eyes. The team studied biofilms inside water pipes. A biofilm is a group of bacteria sticking to surfaces, wrapped in a protective layer. Some bacteria in biofilms can cause illnesses. 这项发表在《水研究》（Water Research）期刊上的研究由弗吉尼亚理工大学的助理教授廖景秋（Jingqiu Liao）领导。纳米塑料是尺寸在1到1000纳米之间的颗粒，因此人眼无法看见。该团队研究了水管内部的生物膜。生物膜是一群附着在表面并被保护层包裹的细菌。生物膜中的某些细菌会导致疾病。 The experiment used two common bacteria: E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After contacting nanoplastics, the bacteria had three clear changes. First, they communicated with each other and built thicker, stronger biofilms. Second, prophages inside bacteria became active. These viruses broke bacterial cells and produced more virus particles. To fight against prophages, bacteria used their CRISPR system as an antiviral weapon. 实验使用了两种常见细菌：大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在接触到纳米塑料后，这些细菌出现了三个明显的变化。首先，它们相互沟通，形成了更厚、更坚固的生物膜。其次，细菌内部的噬菌体（前噬菌体）被激活。这些病毒会破坏细菌细胞并产生更多的病毒颗粒。为了对抗噬菌体，细菌利用其CRISPR系统作为抗病毒武器。 As a result, the biofilms grew much tougher. They gained greater mechanical strength and became highly resistant to common disinfectants used in water factories. That means traditional water treatment methods can hardly wipe them out completely. Once these solid biofilms form on pipe walls, they stay for a long time and threaten public drinking safety. 结果，这些生物膜变得更加坚韧。它们获得了更强的机械强度，并对水厂常用的消毒剂产生了极高的抵抗力。这意味着传统的水处理方法几乎无法将它们彻底清除。一旦这些坚固的生物膜在管壁上形成，它们就会长期存在，从而威胁公共饮水安全。 Before this research, scientists knew little about how nanoplastics influence the relationship between bacteria and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Professor Liao points out the study offers new ideas about the complex interaction among them. “We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans, but also their influence on the environment. Nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive, which creates serious public health problems,” she explained. 在这项研究之前，科学家对纳米塑料如何影响细菌与噬菌体（感染细菌的病毒）之间的关系知之甚少。廖教授指出，这项研究为它们之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的思路。“我们不仅应该关注纳米塑料对人体的直接危害，还应该关注它们对环境的影响。纳米塑料帮助危险的病原体存活下来，这会造成严重的公共卫生问题，”她解释道。 Still, many questions remain. Scientists need further studies to learn the detailed molecular processes. Besides, microplastics are bigger than nanoplastics. Researchers suspect they may affect microbes in different ways. 尽管如此，仍有许多问题有待解答。科学家需要进一步的研究来了解详细的分子过程。此外，微塑料的尺寸大于纳米塑料。研究人员怀疑它们可能会以不同的方式影响微生物。 In short, the discovery reminds us that plastic pollution is more complex than we thought. Small plastic pieces in drinking water do not simply pollute the water. They change the balance of microbes and create harder-to-solve safety challenges for water supply systems. 简而言之，这一发现提醒我们，塑料污染比我们想象的更加复杂。饮用水中的微小塑料碎片不仅仅是污染了水质。它们改变了微生物的平衡，并为供水系统带来了更难解决的安全挑战。 (from ScienceDaily) 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl/ n. 微粒，颗粒；极小量 2. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n. 细菌 3. invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看不见的，无形的 4. protective /prəˈtektɪv/ adj. 保护的，防护的 5. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层，层次 6. resistant /rɪˈzɪstənt/ adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的 7. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 威胁，危及 8. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 相互作用，互动 9. suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 10. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现，被发现的事物 11. pollute /pəˈluːt/ v. 污染，弄脏 【词库·拓维】 01 biofilm 生物膜（专业术语：附着在表面并被保护层包裹的细菌群） Biofilms are notoriously difficult to remove from water pipes. 生物膜以极难从水管中清除而臭名昭著。 02 prophage 前噬菌体（专业术语：整合到宿主细菌DNA中的温和噬菌体） Prophages can remain dormant inside the bacteria for a long time. 前噬菌体可以在细菌内部休眠很长时间。 03 CRISPR system CRISPR系统（专业术语：一种基因编辑技术，文中指细菌用来对抗病毒的天然免疫系统） Bacteria used their CRISPR system as an antiviral weapon. 细菌利用其CRISPR系统作为抗病毒武器。 04 wipe out 彻底摧毁；消灭（地道搭配：指完全清除某物） Traditional water treatment methods can hardly wipe them out completely. 传统的水处理方法几乎无法将它们彻底清除。 05 pathogen 病原体（超纲词/专业术语：能引起疾病的微生物，如细菌、病毒等） Nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive in the water. 纳米塑料帮助危险的病原体在水中存活下来。 【长句·解码】 ·长句·解码1 原句：Published in Water Research, the research was led by Jingqiu Liao, an assistant professor from Virginia Tech. 语法解析： 1. 主句： the research was led by Jingqiu Liao，主语是“the research”，谓语是被动语态“was led by”，宾语是“Jingqiu Liao”。 2. 过去分词短语作状语： Published in Water Research，修饰主句主语“the research”，表示“研究被发表于《Water Research》期刊”，被动关系，作背景说明。 3. 同位语： an assistant professor from Virginia Tech，作“Jingqiu Liao”的同位语，补充说明其身份。 翻译技巧： 将英文开头的过去分词短语译为独立分句“这项研究发表于……”，将同位语按中文习惯置于姓名前或后，使译文自然流畅： “这项研究发表于《Water Research》期刊，由弗吉尼亚理工大学的助理教授廖敬秋领导。” 仿写练习： 发表于《自然·通讯》期刊，这项研究由清华大学的一位环境科学家领导。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ·长句·解码2 原句：We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans, but also their influence on the environment. 语法解析： 1. 主句： We should pay attention，主语是“We”，谓语是“should pay attention”。 2. not only...but also...并列结构： 连接两个介词宾语：to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans（对人类的直接危害）；to their influence on the environment（对环境的影响）；第二个“to”在but also后省略，避免重复。 翻译技巧： 将“not only...but also...”译为“不仅……而且……”，保持中文并列结构的对称性： “我们不仅应该关注纳米塑料对人类的直接危害，还应该关注它们对环境的影响。” 仿写练习： 我们不仅应该关注人工智能的效率提升，还应该关注它对就业市场的潜在影响。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1.How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By presenting a common concern and then a surprising discovery. B. By defining a scientific term related to plastic pollution. C. By providing historical data on drinking water safety. D. By comparing different types of water pollutants. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about biofilms according to the text? A. They are composed entirely of nanoplastics and invisible to human eyes. B. They cannot survive inside water pipes without the help of prophages. C. Some bacteria within them may pose a threat to public health. D. Traditional disinfectants can easily wipe them out completely. 3. What can be inferred from the text regarding traditional water treatment? A. It might be less effective in areas with heavy nanoplastic pollution. B. It has been proven to completely remove nanoplastics from water. C. It relies heavily on the CRISPR system to kill harmful bacteria. D. It is primarily designed to deal with microplastics rather than nanoplastics. 4. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this text? A. To call for a complete ban on plastic production worldwide. B. To reveal a hidden risk of nanoplastics and its public health implications. C. To promote the use of advanced water treatment technologies in cities. D. To explain in detail the molecular structure of nanoplastics. 5. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Nanoplastics: A Direct Threat to Human Health B. How Bacteria Defend Themselves Against Viruses C. Nanoplastics Strengthen Bacteria’s Defense in Water Systems D. Traditional Water Treatment: Time for a Complete Overhaul 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nanoplastics are tiny plastic particles, invisible 1. ________ human eyes. A new study 2. ________ (find) they can make harmful bacteria harder to control in water systems. The research, 3. ________ (publish) in Water Research, studied biofilms — groups of bacteria 4. ________ (stick) to pipe surfaces and wrapped in a protective layer. After 5. ________ (contact) nanoplastics, bacteria built thicker biofilms and became highly resistant to common disinfectants. 6. ________ means traditional water treatment methods can hardly remove them 7. ________ (complete). “We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics’ direct harm to humans, 8. ________ also their influence on the environment,” said Professor Liao. She pointed out 9. ________ nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive, creating serious public health problems. ________ many questions remain, the discovery reminds us that plastic pollution is far more complex than we once thought. 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中提到他最近读了一篇关于“纳米塑料污染”的文章，感到非常担忧。他询问你对此的看法，以及日常生活中是否有办法减少塑料污染。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 对纳米塑料污染问题的看法；2. 你认为个人在日常生活中可以做些什么来减少塑料污染； 3.表达你的希望或呼吁。 2. 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：纳米塑料 nanoplastics 塑料污染 plastic pollution 可重复使用的 reusable 塑料包装 plastic packaging 一次性塑料 disposable plastics Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 一、阅读理解 passage 1（2025年全国高考一卷英语C篇） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. passage 2 （广东多校联考2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末学情调研英语试题D篇） Chinese researchers have built an ocean carbon recycling system for capturing oceanic carbon dioxide and turning it into succinic acid, a chemical used to make biodegradable plastic. The system extracted carbon dioxide from Shenzhen Bay’s seawater for more than 530 hours continuously, recording a 70% carbon capture efficiency. The project was led by Gao Xiang and Xia Chuan from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, respectively. The cost was just 230 dollars per metric ton of CO2, matching the leading carbon capture technologies in the market today. Firstly, seawater is sent to a 5-chamber electrochemical reactor, where the electric field causes water splitting. The protons (质子) acidify in one chamber while changing dissolved carbonate species into gaseous CO2, which is then separated through a hollow-fibre membrane (中空纤维膜) and sent to a second reactor. In the reactor, a kind of catalyst (催化剂) reduces the CO2 into formic acid. After this, a sort of the marine bacterium changes the formic acid into succinic acid. The modular nature of this system means it can be repurposed to produce several kinds of chemicals, enabling the transformation of oceanic carbon into market-ready materials. The system is not only useful for making plastics but could also be used to decrease the burden on land-based methods to achieve the same. It will help in turning CO2 into high-value products, which drive a low-carbon economy. According to researchers, integrating the system with offshore renewable energy sources, like wind or tidal power, could make the process more efficient and sustainable. Oceans absorb around one-third of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions, and this system could change their role from being a passive sink to an active participant in finding a solution to the climate problem. 1. Why have the researchers built the ocean carbon recycling system? A．To generate electricity from seawater. B．To detect hidden ocean carbon waste. C．To collect sea CO2 for a valuable chemical. D．To explore deep sea biological resources. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The technical process. B．The working principle. C．The CO2 data collection. D．The reactor equipment. 3. What can we learn about the ocean carbon recycling system from paragraph 4? A．It mainly relies on land resources to cut carbon costs. B．It can generate various marketable chemical products. C．It slows down the development of a low-carbon economy. D．It will completely replace land-based carbon capture ways. 4. What can be inferred about the system in the text? A．It balances global climate. B．It sustains offshore energy output. C．It owns a broad application prospect. D．It barely integrates with existing technologies. passage 3 (山东济宁市任城区2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题D篇) It seems like every day a new study finds microplastics where they should not be: in our bodies and our food, water and air. Yet finding and identifying microplastics is extremely challenging, especially given their small size. Additionally, it can be hard for researchers to avoid unintentionally polluting their samples, because these plastics are practically everywhere. As a result, much of this research may be overestimating the number of microplastics. In the study published in March 2026, our team found that, even when following established procedures, using certain methods to measure environmental microplastics can potentially contaminate (污染) the results. As chemists at the University of Michigan, we set out to understand how many microplastics Michiganders were breathing in when outside. We followed all the standard procedures, but we found plastic counts in the air that were over 1,000 times greater than previous reports. We knew these numbers didn’t seem right, so what happened? Ultimately, we concluded that laboratory gloves, which the scientific community recommends using as a best practice, can transfer particles (微粒) to the surface of our samples. Here’s how: The particles, which we identified as stearate salts, are used to help the gloves release from their model during the production process. When gloves are used to handle laboratory equipment, the particles are transferred to anything they touch. Researchers use vibrational spectroscopy (振动光谱) to identify microplastics, which involves measuring how the particle interacts with light. Because microplastics and stearate salts have very similar structures, they also interact with light in a similar way. This structural similarity makes it difficult to distinguish them using vibrational spectroscopy to determine whether a particle is plastic. Glove remains may be increasingly mistaken for microplastics. While we had to abandon our initial dataset, we expect the lessons we learned about glove pollution to reach other scientists. Definitely, we’ll continue our research — but this time without gloves. 1. What problem with microplastic research is stressed? A．The severity of plastic pollution. B．The challenge of recycling microplastics. C．The difficulty in collecting plastics. D．The misjudgment in microplastic detection. 2. What did the Michigan chemists originally aim to study? A．To figure out how to prevent sample pollution. B．To analyse residents’ outdoor microplastic intake. C．To evaluate microplastics’ effects on Michiganders. D．To confirm a proper microplastic measuring method. 3. How do the Michigan chemists view vibrational spectroscopy? A．It fails to recognize stearate salts. B．It changes the structure of tiny particles. C．It shortens the testing procedure. D．It detects similar-sized plastic particles. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A．Testing Tools: Key to Spotting Tiny Plastics. B．The Overestimation of Microplastics in Studies. C．Lab Gloves: A Hidden Source of Detection Error. D．A New Method to Detect Microplastics Accurately. 二、七选五 （山东省实验中学2026届高考考前模拟测试英语试题） Our planet is facing never-seen-before environmental challenges, from rising temperatures to plastic-choked oceans and disappearing forests.     16     However, the truth is that every individual action adds up to make a real difference. Environmental protection is not just a government or corporate duty, but a daily choice for all of us. Consider plastic waste, one of the most pressing problems today. Single-use plastics take hundreds of years to decompose, harming marine life and polluting soil.     17     Simple swaps, like using reusable water bottles, cloth bags, and metal straws, can dramatically cut down our plastic footprint.     18     In many countries, up to 40 percent of food ends up in landfills, releasing harmful methane (甲烷) gas as it rots. Planning meals, storing leftovers properly, and donating excess food are easy ways to fight this issue. Energy conservation is another critical area. Small daily decisions can have a long-term impact on the health of our planet. Switching to LED bulbs, turning off lights and appliances when they are not in use, and choosing public transport, cycling, or walking over driving all reduce carbon emissions. Even planting a small tree helps — trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, improving air quality and supporting biodiversity. Community action boosts individual efforts.     19     Joining local clean-up drives, supporting eco-friendly businesses, and educating friends and family about sustainable habits create a ripple effect. When we work together, our small steps turn into a powerful force for change. We only have one Earth.     20     By making conscious choices every day, we can ensure a healthy, livable planet for ourselves and future generations. The time to act is now — not tomorrow, not next week, but in this very moment. A．Protecting it is not an option but a necessity. B．Food waste is also a major contributor to environmental damage. C．It’s easy to feel powerless facing such huge environmental problems. D．We can also choose to buy products with less packaging to reduce waste. E．Working together in our community can multiply the positive effects of our actions. F．There are plenty of small changes we can make in our daily lives to reduce plastic use. G．Therefore, it is crucial for every individual to reflect on their daily consumption habits. $热点时文16 纳米塑患·水隐玄机 【时文·速递】 Most people worry about nanoplastics because we may take in these tiny plastic particles directly. However, a new study finds nanoplastics bring another risk — they can make harmful bacteria harder to control in drinking water systems. 大多数人之所以担心纳米塑料，是因为我们可能会直接摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒。然而，一项新研究发现，纳米塑料还带来了另一种风险——它们会使饮用水系统中的有害细菌更难控制。 Published in Water Research, the research was led by Jingqiu Liao, an assistant professor from Virginia Tech. Nanoplastics are particles between 1 and 1,000 nanometers, so they are invisible to human eyes. The team studied biofilms inside water pipes. A biofilm is a group of bacteria sticking to surfaces, wrapped in a protective layer. Some bacteria in biofilms can cause illnesses. 这项发表在《水研究》（Water Research）期刊上的研究由弗吉尼亚理工大学的助理教授廖景秋（Jingqiu Liao）领导。纳米塑料是尺寸在1到1000纳米之间的颗粒，因此人眼无法看见。该团队研究了水管内部的生物膜。生物膜是一群附着在表面并被保护层包裹的细菌。生物膜中的某些细菌会导致疾病。 The experiment used two common bacteria: E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After contacting nanoplastics, the bacteria had three clear changes. First, they communicated with each other and built thicker, stronger biofilms. Second, prophages inside bacteria became active. These viruses broke bacterial cells and produced more virus particles. To fight against prophages, bacteria used their CRISPR system as an antiviral weapon. 实验使用了两种常见细菌：大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在接触到纳米塑料后，这些细菌出现了三个明显的变化。首先，它们相互沟通，形成了更厚、更坚固的生物膜。其次，细菌内部的噬菌体（前噬菌体）被激活。这些病毒会破坏细菌细胞并产生更多的病毒颗粒。为了对抗噬菌体，细菌利用其CRISPR系统作为抗病毒武器。 As a result, the biofilms grew much tougher. They gained greater mechanical strength and became highly resistant to common disinfectants used in water factories. That means traditional water treatment methods can hardly wipe them out completely. Once these solid biofilms form on pipe walls, they stay for a long time and threaten public drinking safety. 结果，这些生物膜变得更加坚韧。它们获得了更强的机械强度，并对水厂常用的消毒剂产生了极高的抵抗力。这意味着传统的水处理方法几乎无法将它们彻底清除。一旦这些坚固的生物膜在管壁上形成，它们就会长期存在，从而威胁公共饮水安全。 Before this research, scientists knew little about how nanoplastics influence the relationship between bacteria and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Professor Liao points out the study offers new ideas about the complex interaction among them. “We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans, but also their influence on the environment. Nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive, which creates serious public health problems,” she explained. 在这项研究之前，科学家对纳米塑料如何影响细菌与噬菌体（感染细菌的病毒）之间的关系知之甚少。廖教授指出，这项研究为它们之间的复杂相互作用提供了新的思路。“我们不仅应该关注纳米塑料对人体的直接危害，还应该关注它们对环境的影响。纳米塑料帮助危险的病原体存活下来，这会造成严重的公共卫生问题，”她解释道。 Still, many questions remain. Scientists need further studies to learn the detailed molecular processes. Besides, microplastics are bigger than nanoplastics. Researchers suspect they may affect microbes in different ways. 尽管如此，仍有许多问题有待解答。科学家需要进一步的研究来了解详细的分子过程。此外，微塑料的尺寸大于纳米塑料。研究人员怀疑它们可能会以不同的方式影响微生物。 In short, the discovery reminds us that plastic pollution is more complex than we thought. Small plastic pieces in drinking water do not simply pollute the water. They change the balance of microbes and create harder-to-solve safety challenges for water supply systems. 简而言之，这一发现提醒我们，塑料污染比我们想象的更加复杂。饮用水中的微小塑料碎片不仅仅是污染了水质。它们改变了微生物的平衡，并为供水系统带来了更难解决的安全挑战。 (from ScienceDaily) 【词库·筑基】——课标词汇提取 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. particle /ˈpɑːtɪkl/ n. 微粒，颗粒；极小量 2. bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n. 细菌 3. invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看不见的，无形的 4. protective /prəˈtektɪv/ adj. 保护的，防护的 5. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层，层次 6. resistant /rɪˈzɪstənt/ adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的 7. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 威胁，危及 8. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 相互作用，互动 9. suspect /səˈspekt/ v. 怀疑，猜想 10. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现，被发现的事物 11. pollute /pəˈluːt/ v. 污染，弄脏 【词库·拓维】 01 biofilm 生物膜（专业术语：附着在表面并被保护层包裹的细菌群） Biofilms are notoriously difficult to remove from water pipes. 生物膜以极难从水管中清除而臭名昭著。 02 prophage 前噬菌体（专业术语：整合到宿主细菌DNA中的温和噬菌体） Prophages can remain dormant inside the bacteria for a long time. 前噬菌体可以在细菌内部休眠很长时间。 03 CRISPR system CRISPR系统（专业术语：一种基因编辑技术，文中指细菌用来对抗病毒的天然免疫系统） Bacteria used their CRISPR system as an antiviral weapon. 细菌利用其CRISPR系统作为抗病毒武器。 04 wipe out 彻底摧毁；消灭（地道搭配：指完全清除某物） Traditional water treatment methods can hardly wipe them out completely. 传统的水处理方法几乎无法将它们彻底清除。 05 pathogen 病原体（超纲词/专业术语：能引起疾病的微生物，如细菌、病毒等） Nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive in the water. 纳米塑料帮助危险的病原体在水中存活下来。 【长句·解码】 ·长句·解码1 原句：Published in Water Research, the research was led by Jingqiu Liao, an assistant professor from Virginia Tech. 语法解析： 1. 主句： the research was led by Jingqiu Liao，主语是“the research”，谓语是被动语态“was led by”，宾语是“Jingqiu Liao”。 2. 过去分词短语作状语： Published in Water Research，修饰主句主语“the research”，表示“研究被发表于《Water Research》期刊”，被动关系，作背景说明。 3. 同位语： an assistant professor from Virginia Tech，作“Jingqiu Liao”的同位语，补充说明其身份。 翻译技巧： 将英文开头的过去分词短语译为独立分句“这项研究发表于……”，将同位语按中文习惯置于姓名前或后，使译文自然流畅： “这项研究发表于《Water Research》期刊，由弗吉尼亚理工大学的助理教授廖敬秋领导。” 仿写练习： 发表于《自然·通讯》期刊，这项研究由清华大学的一位环境科学家领导。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________【参考答案】 Published in Nature Communications, the research was led by an environmental scientist from Tsinghua University. ·长句·解码2 原句：We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans, but also their influence on the environment. 语法解析： 1. 主句： We should pay attention，主语是“We”，谓语是“should pay attention”。 2. not only...but also...并列结构： 连接两个介词宾语：to nanoplastics‘ direct harm to humans（对人类的直接危害）；to their influence on the environment（对环境的影响）；第二个“to”在but also后省略，避免重复。 翻译技巧： 将“not only...but also...”译为“不仅……而且……”，保持中文并列结构的对称性： “我们不仅应该关注纳米塑料对人类的直接危害，还应该关注它们对环境的影响。” 仿写练习： 我们不仅应该关注人工智能的效率提升，还应该关注它对就业市场的潜在影响。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 We should pay attention not only to the efficiency improvements brought by AI, but also its potential impact on the job market. 一、阅读理解 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1. How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A. By presenting a common concern and then a surprising discovery. B. By defining a scientific term related to plastic pollution. C. By providing historical data on drinking water safety. D. By comparing different types of water pollutants. 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about biofilms according to the text? A. They are composed entirely of nanoplastics and invisible to human eyes. B. They cannot survive inside water pipes without the help of prophages. C. Some bacteria within them may pose a threat to public health. D. Traditional disinfectants can easily wipe them out completely. 3. What can be inferred from the text regarding traditional water treatment? A. It might be less effective in areas with heavy nanoplastic pollution. B. It has been proven to completely remove nanoplastics from water. C. It relies heavily on the CRISPR system to kill harmful bacteria. D. It is primarily designed to deal with microplastics rather than nanoplastics. 4. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this text? A. To call for a complete ban on plastic production worldwide. B. To reveal a hidden risk of nanoplastics and its public health implications. C. To promote the use of advanced water treatment technologies in cities. D. To explain in detail the molecular structure of nanoplastics. 5. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Nanoplastics: A Direct Threat to Human Health B. How Bacteria Defend Themselves Against Viruses C. Nanoplastics Strengthen Bacteria’s Defense in Water Systems D. Traditional Water Treatment: Time for a Complete Overhaul 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 【导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了一项关于纳米塑料的新研究发现——纳米塑料不仅直接污染饮用水，更能通过强化细菌的生物膜结构，使其对传统消毒剂产生抗性，从而带来更隐蔽的公共健康威胁。 【小题1】A 推理判断题。 根据第一段“Most people worry about nanoplastics because we may take in these tiny plastic particles directly. However, a new study finds nanoplastics bring another risk...”可知，作者先提出公众对纳米塑料的常见担忧（直接摄入），然后用“However”引出新发现的更隐蔽风险（助长细菌防御），通过“熟悉→意外”的对比方式引入话题。B项“定义科学术语”错误，第一段未出现术语定义；C项“提供饮用水安全历史数据”错误，全文未提供历史数据；D项“比较不同类型的水污染物”错误，未进行比较。故选A。 【小题2】C 细节理解题。 根据第二段“A biofilm is a group of bacteria sticking to surfaces... Some bacteria in biofilms can cause illnesses.”可知，生物膜中的一些细菌会导致疾病，即对公共健康构成威胁。C项“Some bacteria within them may pose a threat to public health”是对原文的完美同义替换。A项“完全由纳米塑料组成”属于偷换概念；B项“没有噬菌体就无法存活”属于无中生有；D项“传统消毒剂能轻易彻底清除它们”与原文第四段“can hardly wipe them out completely”构成直接正反矛盾。故选C。 【小题3】A 推理判断题。 根据第四段“As a result, the biofilms grew much tougher... became highly resistant to common disinfectants... That means traditional water treatment methods can hardly wipe them out completely.”可知，纳米塑料使生物膜变强并对消毒剂产生抗性，导致传统水处理方法难以将其彻底清除。由此可合理推断，在纳米塑料污染严重的地区，传统水处理的效果可能会大打折扣。A项“It might be less effective...”是对这一因果关系的精准推导。B项“完全清除”与原文矛盾；C项“依赖CRISPR系统”属于张冠李戴（原文中CRISPR是细菌自身的抗病毒武器，而非水处理厂的技术）；D项“主要针对微塑料而非纳米塑料”属于无中生有。故选A。 【小题4】B 推理判断题。 文章贯穿两条线索：一是揭示纳米塑料的隐蔽危害——从“帮助细菌形成更强生物膜”到“消毒剂失效”，二是这一危害对公共健康的潜在威胁——从“threaten public drinking safety”到“create serious public health problems”。作者写作目的是揭示这一新发现的隐蔽风险及其公共健康影响，B项精准概括。A项“呼吁全球全面禁止塑料生产”属于无中生有的过度推断；C项“推广先进水处理技术”原文并未主动推荐或推广任何替代技术，属过度推断；D项“详细解释纳米塑料的分子结构”以偏概全，文章聚焦的是其与细菌的相互作用及健康影响。故选B。 【小题5】C 主旨大意题。 文章围绕纳米塑料如何助长细菌防御能力展开——第一段提出新风险，第三段详述实验机制（生物膜增厚+CRISPR防御），第四段说明后果（消毒剂失效），第五段专家观点收束。C项“Nanoplastics Strengthen Bacteria's Defense in Water Systems”精准概括了全文核心——纳米塑料强化了水系统中细菌的防御能力。A项“Direct Threat（直接威胁）”偷换概念，文中纳米塑料的危害是间接的（通过助长细菌防御）；B项“细菌如何防御病毒”以偏概全，仅覆盖了第三段的部分机制；D项“传统水处理需要彻底改造”过度推断，原文未呼吁彻底改造水处理系统。故选C。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nanoplastics are tiny plastic particles, invisible 1. ________ human eyes. A new study 2. ________ (find) they can make harmful bacteria harder to control in water systems. The research, 3. ________ (publish) in Water Research, studied biofilms — groups of bacteria 4. ________ (stick) to pipe surfaces and wrapped in a protective layer. After 5. ________ (contact) nanoplastics, bacteria built thicker biofilms and became highly resistant to common disinfectants. 6. ________ means traditional water treatment methods can hardly remove them 7. ________ (complete). “We should pay attention not only to nanoplastics’ direct harm to humans, 8. ________ also their influence on the environment,” said Professor Liao. She pointed out 9. ________ nanoplastics help dangerous pathogens survive, creating serious public health problems. ________ many questions remain, the discovery reminds us that plastic pollution is far more complex than we once thought. 【答案】 1.to 2.has found 3.published 4.sticking 5.contacting 6.This 7.completely 8.but 9.that 10.Though/Although 【详解】 1. to 考查介词（固定搭配）。“invisible to”为固定搭配，意为“对……不可见”。无提示词，纯空格填空。 2. has found 考查谓语动词（现在完成时）。强调研究发现对现在的影响（提出了新风险），且后文“can make”为现在时语境，故用现在完成时。有提示词，考查谓语动词语态及时态。 3. published 考查非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。名词“research”与“publish”之间为被动关系（研究被发表），故用过去分词作后置定语。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 4. sticking 考查非谓语动词（现在分词作定语）。名词“bacteria”与“stick”之间为主动关系（细菌粘附），故用现在分词作后置定语。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 5. contacting 考查非谓语动词（动名词作介词宾语）。介词“After”后接动名词作宾语，表示“在与纳米塑料接触之后”。有提示词，考查非谓语动词。 6. This 考查代词（指示代词）。指代前文“细菌对消毒剂产生抗性”这一整件事，作主语，用指示代词This。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查代词。 7. completely 考查词性转换（形容词→副词）。修饰谓语动词“remove”，需用副词形式“completely”（完全地）。有提示词，考查词性转换。 8. but 考查连词（并列连词）。“not only...but also...”为高考高频固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查并列连词。 9. that 考查宾语从句引导词。动词“pointed out”后接宾语从句，从句结构完整（“nanoplastics help...”），不缺少成分，故用that引导。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查从句引导词。 10. Though/Although 考查连词（让步状语从句引导词）。“许多问题仍存”与“发现提醒我们塑料污染更复杂”之间为让步关系（虽有问题但仍提醒），故用Though/Although引导让步状语从句。无提示词，纯空格填空，考查从句引导词。 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom在邮件中提到他最近读了一篇关于“纳米塑料污染”的文章，感到非常担忧。他询问你对此的看法，以及日常生活中是否有办法减少塑料污染。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 对纳米塑料污染问题的看法；2. 你认为个人在日常生活中可以做些什么来减少塑料污染； 3.表达你的希望或呼吁。 2. 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：纳米塑料 nanoplastics 塑料污染 plastic pollution 可重复使用的 reusable 塑料包装 plastic packaging 一次性塑料 disposable plastics Dear Tom, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Tom, I share your concern about nanoplastic pollution. The fact that these tiny particles can strengthen bacteria‘s defense in water systems is truly alarming — it reminds us that the harm of plastic goes far beyond what we can see. Personally, I believe every small action counts. We can start by reducing our use of disposable plastics — say no to plastic bags, carry reusable water bottles, and choose products with less packaging. When shopping, I always bring my own bags and avoid over-packaged goods. These habits may seem minor, but if millions of us do the same, the cumulative effect could be significant. I firmly believe that individual actions, combined with stronger government regulations, can make a real difference. Let’s hope for a cleaner, safer future — starting with the choices we make today. What do you think we can do together? Yours, Li Hua 【详解】 1. 词汇积累 担忧：concern → worry 令人担忧的：alarming → worrying 一次性的：disposable → single-use 累积的：cumulative → accumulated 重要的；显著的：significant → great 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：These habits may seem minor, but if millions of us do the same, the cumulative effect could be significant. 拓展句：Although these habits may seem minor, the cumulative effect could be significant when millions of us stick to them. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】The fact that these tiny particles can strengthen bacteria‘s defense in water systems is truly alarming — it reminds us that the harm of plastic goes far beyond what we can see.（运用 that 引导同位语从句、宾语从句以及 what 引导宾语从句） 【高分句型 2】I firmly believe that individual actions, combined with stronger government regulations, can make a real difference.（运用 that 引导宾语从句；过去分词短语 combined with… 作后置定语） 一、阅读理解 passage 1（2025年全国高考一卷英语C篇） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 29. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept. C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics. 30. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time. C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water. 31. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem. C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water. 32. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 【小题1】C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中 “Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内)” 可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 【小题2】A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 “Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)” 可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 【小题3】B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中 “Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.(尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)” 可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 【小题4】D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中 ““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”(苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)” 可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 passage 2 （广东多校联考2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末学情调研英语试题D篇） Chinese researchers have built an ocean carbon recycling system for capturing oceanic carbon dioxide and turning it into succinic acid, a chemical used to make biodegradable plastic. The system extracted carbon dioxide from Shenzhen Bay’s seawater for more than 530 hours continuously, recording a 70% carbon capture efficiency. The project was led by Gao Xiang and Xia Chuan from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, respectively. The cost was just 230 dollars per metric ton of CO2, matching the leading carbon capture technologies in the market today. Firstly, seawater is sent to a 5-chamber electrochemical reactor, where the electric field causes water splitting. The protons (质子) acidify in one chamber while changing dissolved carbonate species into gaseous CO2, which is then separated through a hollow-fibre membrane (中空纤维膜) and sent to a second reactor. In the reactor, a kind of catalyst (催化剂) reduces the CO2 into formic acid. After this, a sort of the marine bacterium changes the formic acid into succinic acid. The modular nature of this system means it can be repurposed to produce several kinds of chemicals, enabling the transformation of oceanic carbon into market-ready materials. The system is not only useful for making plastics but could also be used to decrease the burden on land-based methods to achieve the same. It will help in turning CO2 into high-value products, which drive a low-carbon economy. According to researchers, integrating the system with offshore renewable energy sources, like wind or tidal power, could make the process more efficient and sustainable. Oceans absorb around one-third of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions, and this system could change their role from being a passive sink to an active participant in finding a solution to the climate problem. 1. Why have the researchers built the ocean carbon recycling system? A．To generate electricity from seawater. B．To detect hidden ocean carbon waste. C．To collect sea CO2 for a valuable chemical. D．To explore deep sea biological resources. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The technical process. B．The working principle. C．The CO2 data collection. D．The reactor equipment. 3. What can we learn about the ocean carbon recycling system from paragraph 4? A．It mainly relies on land resources to cut carbon costs. B．It can generate various marketable chemical products. C．It slows down the development of a low-carbon economy. D．It will completely replace land-based carbon capture ways. 4. What can be inferred about the system in the text? A．It balances global climate. B．It sustains offshore energy output. C．It owns a broad application prospect. D．It barely integrates with existing technologies. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】介绍中国研发的海洋碳循环系统，该系统提取海水中二氧化碳并转化为高价值化工原料丁二酸，同时介绍工艺流程、优势与发展前景。 【小题1】C细节理解题。根据第一段 “Chinese researchers have built an ocean carbon recycling system for capturing oceanic carbon dioxide and turning it into succinic acid, a chemical used to make biodegradable plastic.(中国研究人员构建了一种海洋碳回收系统，用于捕获海洋中的二氧化碳，并将其转化为琥珀酸，这是一种用于制造可生物降解塑料的化学物质)” 可知，研究人员构建海洋碳回收系统是为了收集海洋中的二氧化碳来制造有价值的化学物质。 【小题2】 A主旨大意题。根据第三段 “Firstly, seawater is sent to a 5-chamber electrochemical reactor, where the electric field causes water splitting. The protons (质子) acidify in one chamber while changing dissolved carbonate species into gaseousCO₂, which is then separated through a hollow-fibre membrane (中空纤维膜) and sent to a second reactor. In the reactor, a kind of catalyst (催化剂) reduces the CO₂ into formic acid. After this, a sort of the marine bacterium changes the formic acid into succinic acid.(首先，海水被送入五室电化学反应器，电场在此处驱动水分解反应。质子在其中一个腔室内形成酸性环境，同时将溶解的碳酸盐转化为气态二氧化碳；随后二氧化碳通过中空纤维膜分离，并输送至第二个反应器。在该反应器内，一种催化剂将二氧化碳还原为甲酸。之后，某类海洋细菌再把甲酸转化为琥珀酸)” 可知，详细描述了海水如何进入五室电化学反应器，在电场作用下发生水分解，二氧化碳如何分离并被转化为甲酸，最后甲酸又如何被海洋细菌转化为琥珀酸，主要聚焦于技术流程。 【小题3】B 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The modular nature of this system means it can be repurposed to produce several kinds of chemicals, enabling the transformation of oceanic carbon into market-ready materials.(该系统的模块化特性意味着它可以重新用于生产多种化学品，使海洋碳能够转化为可投入市场的材料)” 可知，海洋碳回收系统可以生产各种可销售的化工产品。 【小题4】C 推理判断题。根据第四段 “It will help in turningCO₂ into high-value products, which drive a low-carbon economy.(这一技术有助于将二氧化碳转化为高附加值产品，以此推动低碳经济发展)” 可知该系统能生产多种可销售产品、推动低碳经济。根据第五段 “According to researchers, integrating the system with offshore renewable energy sources, like wind or tidal power, could make the process more efficient and sustainable.(研究人员表示，将这套系统与海上风能、潮汐能等海上可再生能源结合，能够提升整套工艺流程的效率与可持续性。)” 可知，与海上可再生能源结合可提高效率和可持续性，改变海洋在应对气候问题中的角色，由此可推断该系统有广阔的应用前景。 passage 3 (山东济宁市任城区2025-2026学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题D篇) It seems like every day a new study finds microplastics where they should not be: in our bodies and our food, water and air. Yet finding and identifying microplastics is extremely challenging, especially given their small size. Additionally, it can be hard for researchers to avoid unintentionally polluting their samples, because these plastics are practically everywhere. As a result, much of this research may be overestimating the number of microplastics. In the study published in March 2026, our team found that, even when following established procedures, using certain methods to measure environmental microplastics can potentially contaminate (污染) the results. As chemists at the University of Michigan, we set out to understand how many microplastics Michiganders were breathing in when outside. We followed all the standard procedures, but we found plastic counts in the air that were over 1,000 times greater than previous reports. We knew these numbers didn’t seem right, so what happened? Ultimately, we concluded that laboratory gloves, which the scientific community recommends using as a best practice, can transfer particles (微粒) to the surface of our samples. Here’s how: The particles, which we identified as stearate salts, are used to help the gloves release from their model during the production process. When gloves are used to handle laboratory equipment, the particles are transferred to anything they touch. Researchers use vibrational spectroscopy (振动光谱) to identify microplastics, which involves measuring how the particle interacts with light. Because microplastics and stearate salts have very similar structures, they also interact with light in a similar way. This structural similarity makes it difficult to distinguish them using vibrational spectroscopy to determine whether a particle is plastic. Glove remains may be increasingly mistaken for microplastics. While we had to abandon our initial dataset, we expect the lessons we learned about glove pollution to reach other scientists. Definitely, we’ll continue our research — but this time without gloves. 1. What problem with microplastic research is stressed? A．The severity of plastic pollution. B．The challenge of recycling microplastics. C．The difficulty in collecting plastics. D．The misjudgment in microplastic detection. 2. What did the Michigan chemists originally aim to study? A．To figure out how to prevent sample pollution. B．To analyse residents’ outdoor microplastic intake. C．To evaluate microplastics’ effects on Michiganders. D．To confirm a proper microplastic measuring method. 3. How do the Michigan chemists view vibrational spectroscopy? A．It fails to recognize stearate salts. B．It changes the structure of tiny particles. C．It shortens the testing procedure. D．It detects similar-sized plastic particles. 4. What is a suitable title for the text? A．Testing Tools: Key to Spotting Tiny Plastics. B．The Overestimation of Microplastics in Studies. C．Lab Gloves: A Hidden Source of Detection Error. D．A New Method to Detect Microplastics Accurately. 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 【导语】本文主要介绍科研人员发现实验室手套会释放微粒干扰检测，导致微塑料研究结果数值偏高，分析了该误差产生的原理并提出改进研究方案。 【小题1】D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “As a result, much of this research may be overestimating the number of microplastics.(因此，许多此类研究可能高估了微塑料的数量。)” 以及第五段中的 “Glove remains may be increasingly mistaken for microplastics.(手套残留物可能越来越多地被误认为是微塑料。)” 可知，文章重点强调的是微塑料检测中存在误判的问题。 【小题2】B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “As chemists at the University of Michigan, we set out to understand how many microplastics Michiganders were breathing in when outside.(作为密歇根大学的化学研究者，我们原本打算弄清楚密歇根居民在户外会吸入多少微塑料。)” 可知，这群化学研究者最初的研究目标是分析居民户外吸入的微塑料量。 【小题3】A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “Because microplastics and stearate salts have very similar structures, they also interact with light in a similar way. This structural similarity makes it difficult to distinguish them using vibrational spectroscopy to determine whether a particle is plastic.(由于微塑料和硬脂酸盐结构十分相似，它们与光线的作用方式也相近。这种结构相似性导致依靠振动光谱很难区分二者，无法判断微粒是否为塑料。)” 可知，振动光谱无法识别区分硬脂酸盐，容易将其误判为微塑料。 【小题4】C 通读全文，文章核心在于揭示实验室手套残留的硬脂酸盐微粒会导致微塑料检测出现严重误差，这一发现解释了为何既往研究可能高估了微塑料数量。C选项 “Lab Gloves: A Hidden Source of Detection Error(实验室手套：检测误差的隐藏源头)” 精准概括了文章的核心发现。 二、七选五 （山东省实验中学2026届高考考前模拟测试英语试题） Our planet is facing never-seen-before environmental challenges, from rising temperatures to plastic-choked oceans and disappearing forests.     16     However, the truth is that every individual action adds up to make a real difference. Environmental protection is not just a government or corporate duty, but a daily choice for all of us. Consider plastic waste, one of the most pressing problems today. Single-use plastics take hundreds of years to decompose, harming marine life and polluting soil.     17     Simple swaps, like using reusable water bottles, cloth bags, and metal straws, can dramatically cut down our plastic footprint.     18     In many countries, up to 40 percent of food ends up in landfills, releasing harmful methane (甲烷) gas as it rots. Planning meals, storing leftovers properly, and donating excess food are easy ways to fight this issue. Energy conservation is another critical area. Small daily decisions can have a long-term impact on the health of our planet. Switching to LED bulbs, turning off lights and appliances when they are not in use, and choosing public transport, cycling, or walking over driving all reduce carbon emissions. Even planting a small tree helps — trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, improving air quality and supporting biodiversity. Community action boosts individual efforts.     19     Joining local clean-up drives, supporting eco-friendly businesses, and educating friends and family about sustainable habits create a ripple effect. When we work together, our small steps turn into a powerful force for change. We only have one Earth.     20     By making conscious choices every day, we can ensure a healthy, livable planet for ourselves and future generations. The time to act is now — not tomorrow, not next week, but in this very moment. A．Protecting it is not an option but a necessity. B．Food waste is also a major contributor to environmental damage. C．It’s easy to feel powerless facing such huge environmental problems. D．We can also choose to buy products with less packaging to reduce waste. E．Working together in our community can multiply the positive effects of our actions. F．There are plenty of small changes we can make in our daily lives to reduce plastic use. G．Therefore, it is crucial for every individual to reflect on their daily consumption habits. 【答案】1.C 2.F 3.B 4.E 5.A 【导语】文章介绍了一些日常可行的环保做法。 【小题1】C 根据下文 “However, the truth is that every individual action adds up to make a real difference.(但事实是，每个人的点滴行动汇聚起来，就能带来切实的改变。)” 可知，However表转折，空处和下文“个体有用”构成反义逻辑，指出人们面对严峻环境问题容易感到无力，和下文内容形成转折呼应。 【小题 2】F 下文 “Simple swaps, like using reusable water bottles, cloth bags, and metal straws, can dramatically cut down our plastic footprint.(小小替换，例如改用可重复使用的水杯、布袋与金属吸管，就能大幅减少个人产生的塑料废弃物。)” 罗列具体日常减少塑料的方法，F 项 “我们可以在日常生活中做出很多小改变来减少塑料使用。” 总起下文，引出各类减少塑料的小动作。 【小题 3】B 空处为段落主题句。根据下文 “In many countries, up to 40 percent of food ends up in landfills, releasing harmful methane (甲烷) gas as it rots.(在许多国家，多达四成的食物最终被送入垃圾填埋场，腐烂过程中会释放出有害的甲烷气体。)” 可知，整段围绕食物浪费展开，B 项 “食物浪费也是破坏环境的一大元凶。” 引出本段主题词 food waste，总领全段。 【小题 4】E 根据上文 “Community action boosts individual efforts.(社区行动能让个人环保努力事半功倍。)” 和下文 “Joining local clean-up drives, supporting eco-friendly businesses, and educating friends and family about sustainable habits create a ripple effect.(参与本地垃圾清理活动、扶持环保型商家，向亲友普及可持续生活理念，会产生连锁辐射效应。)” 可知，本段中心词为 community，E 项 “在社区协同行动可以放大我们行动的积极效果。” 承接上文 “社区促进个人努力”，点明社区协作能放大成效，衔接下文具体社区活动。 【小题 5】A 根据上文 “We only have one Earth.(我们只有一个地球。)” 和下文 “By making conscious choices every day, we can ensure a healthy, livable planet for ourselves and future generations.(通过每天做出理性自觉的选择，我们就能为自身以及子孙后代守护一个健康、宜居的地球。)” 可知，上文提出仅有一个地球，下文指出要坚持日常环保、守护地球。A 项 “保护地球不是一种选择，而是一件必需要做的事。” 符合语境。 $