Unit2 语法专项：被动语态（专为基础薄弱学生）2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过框架式梳理构建被动语态知识体系，从主动与被动语态定义对比入手，拆解核心公式“主语+be+过去分词”，用结构表呈现一般现在/过去时被动语态的肯定、否定及疑问句结构，结合“人做动作用主动，物承受动作用被动”核心口诀和4步转换方法，系统呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础训练聚焦动词过去分词书写，巩固训练强化be动词时态与单复数匹配，易错题专项针对There be句型混用等高频错误，结合“被动必须加to”等技巧培养语言能力和学习能力。中考单选精选贴合考点，助力不同层次学生掌握，为教师精准教学提供支持。

仁爱版九年级上册Unit2 语法专项：被动语态（专为基础薄弱学生） 一、认识主动语态 & 被动语态 1.主动语态 定义：句子的主语是动作的发出者（执行者） 翻译：某人做…… 例句：People invent many new things. 人们发明很多新事物。 主语people，发出“invent发明”这个动作 2.被动语态 定义：句子的主语是动作的承受者（被……） 翻译：……被…… 例句：Many new things are invented (by people). 很多新事物被（人们）发明。 主语many new things，承受“发明”这个动作 核心口诀：人做动作用主动；物承受动作用被动 ◎重要前提：只有及物动词（后面能带宾语）才有被动语态！ 特别提醒：run / happen / appear / arrive 这类不及物动词，不能用于被动语态 二、被动语态万能核心公式 主语 + be动词 + 动词过去分词(done) (+ by + 动作执行者) 关键点拆解： 1. be动词：随时态、主语单复数变化（时态全靠be体现！） 2. 过去分词(done)：永远不变！不管什么时态，动词都用过去分词 3. by+人：可加、可省略；不知道是谁做的、不需要说出执行者，直接删掉by短语   三、被动语态的一般现在时和过去式 模块1：一般现在时被动语态 含义： 描述客观事实、常态、经常性发生的被动动作（日常、真理） 标志词：every day, usually, often, always 结构表: 1.肯定句：主语 + am / is / are + 过去分词 2.否定句：主语 + am / is / are + not + 过去分词 3.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ ✅ 例句： 1. Paper is made from wood. 纸由木材制成。（客观事实） 2. Many great ideas are known all over the world. 许多伟大思想闻名全世界。 句式转换示范 主动：People plant trees every year. 人们每年种树。 被动：Trees are planted (by people) every year. 树每年被（人们）种植。 模块2：一般过去时被动语态 含义: 过去某个时间被完成的动作，动作已经结束 标志词：in ancient times, last year, ...ago, in +过去年份 结构表： 1.肯定句：主语 + was / were + 过去分词 2.否定句：主语 + was / were + not + 过去分词 3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ 例句: 1. Movable type printing was invented in ancient China. 活字印刷术在中国古代被发明。 2. The great book was written many years ago. 这本伟大的著作多年前被撰写。 句式转换示范 主动：Someone invented paper long ago. 很久以前有人发明了纸。 被动：Paper was invented long ago. 纸在很久以前被发。 四、主动语态变被动语态【4步万能方法】 1 原句宾语提前，变成被动句的主语 2 判断时态，写出正确形式：be + 动词过去分词 3 原句子主语前面加by，放在句子末尾（可省略） 4 剩下单词原样照抄 例子： 主动：We study English. ①宾语English提前 → English ②时态一般现在时，单数 → is studied ③we → by us 被动：English is studied by us. ◎重要提醒： 如果主动句宾语是代词（him/her/them），变被动主语，必须换成主格he/she/they 主动：People love him. → 被动：He is loved by people. 五、高频易错考点 易错1：不要忘记be动词！ ❌Many things invented. ✅Many things are invented. 被动语态不能缺少be！ 易错2：分清was/were；is/are，看新主语单复数 The books ______ (make) in 2020. 主语books复数，过去时 → were made 易错3：make短语特殊考点（中考高频） 主动：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 被动：sb. be made to do sth. （被动必须加to！） 例：He was made to work hard. 拓展：be made 三大短语区分 be made of 由……制成（看得见原材料） be made from 由……制成（看不见原材料） be made in 在某地制造 易错4：无被动的动词（直接背诵） happen, take place, appear, arrive, run（不及物） ❌An accident was happened. ✅An accident happened. 易错5：There be句型绝对不能搭配被动语态 ✅核心结论：There be 句型 和 被动语态不能混用！禁止写 There be + 过去分词！ ❌ There are many trees planted. ✅ Many trees are planted. 拓展:想要表达“某物被……” ① 直接使用标准被动语态 Many trees are planted here. ② 保留there be结构，增加定语从句 There are many trees that are planted here. 口诀： 有there be，不用被动；想用被动，删掉there be！     配套练习题 基础训练一：写出动词过去分词 1.invent ______ 2.write ______ 3.make ______ 4.plant ______ 5.use ______ 6.build ______ 7.discover ______ 8.teach ______ 基础训练二：用be动词正确形式填空 1.English ______ widely spoken in the world. 2.These machines ______ made in China. 3.The letter ______ sent yesterday. 4.Many houses ______ built last year. 5.Children ______ loved by their parents. 巩固训练三：词形转换（be+适当形式） 1.Many new ideas ____________ (share) online every day. 2.This tool ____________ (invent) hundreds of years ago. 3.The trees ____________ (water) every summer. 4.The old books ____________ (keep) in the library last year. 5.A lot of flowers ____________ (plant) in our school every spring. 提升训练四：主动变被动 1.People speak Chinese in many places.   2.Someone built the bridge in 2010.   3.We clean the classroom every day.   易错题专项 判断对错，错句修改 1. There are some letters sent yesterday.（___）   2. There are many books kept in the library.（___）   3. There are many kids playing soccer on the playground.（___）   中考单选精选（10题） ( )1. Paper ______ by Cai Lun long ago. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented ( )2. Lots of trees ______ every year to protect our earth. A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted ( )3. —When ______ this machine ______? —Last year. A. is; made B. was; made C. are; made D. were; made ( )4. This kind of car ______ in Shanghai. A. makes B. made C. is made D. was making ( )5. A lot of new schools ______ last year. A. built B. are built C. were built D. build ( )6. The workers ______ to work more than 10 hours every day. A. made B. are made C. were made D. make ( )7. Many wonderful stories ______ in the book. A. write B. are written C. wrote D. were writing ( )8. The telephone ______ in 1876. A. invented B. is invented C. was invented D. invents ( )9. Coffee ______ all over the world now. A. drinks B. is drunk C. was drunk D. drank ( )10. These letters ______ by my father yesterday. A. wrote B. are written C. were written D. write 参考答案 基础训练一 1.invented 2.written 3.made 4.planted 5.used 6.built 7.discovered 8.taught 基础训练二 1.is 2.are 3.was 4.were 5.are 巩固训练三 1.are shared（every day一般现在时，ideas复数） 2.was invented（hundreds of years ago过去时，tool单数） 3.are watered（every summer一般现在时，trees复数） 4.were kept（last year过去时，books复数） 5.are planted（every spring一般现在时，flowers复数） 主动变被动 1.Chinese is spoken by people in many places. 2.The bridge was built by someone in 2010. 3.The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 易错题专项（There be辨析） 1. ×；Some letters were sent yesterday. 2. ×；Many books are kept in the library. 3. √；（playing是主动含义的定语，不属于被动语态） 单选答案 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $