Unit2 语法讲解+练习二【被动语态】 2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦被动语态核心时态（一般现在/过去时），构建“定义-构成-应用-易错”四维方法体系，通过分层训练实现知识迁移与应试突破。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|8大板块|被动语态构成规则、时态区分法、by短语用法、易错点规避（不及物动词无被动等）|从主动被动对比定义出发，推导核心时态构成，延伸至写作应用，形成“概念-原理-应用”逻辑链| |语法练习|104题（含2篇短文填空）|过去分词默写、句型转换技巧、时态辨析策略|基础默写→单句填空→句型转换→综合应用，梯度覆盖“识别-转换-输出”语言能力层级|

Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts Grammar in Use：【Passive voice 被动语态 】语法讲解（二） 一、基础定义 主动语态 vs 被动语态 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者，结构：主语（执行者）+ 谓语 + 宾语（承受者） 例：People plant trees. 人们种树。（people 是种树的人，动作发出者） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者，侧重“某物/某人被……”，执行者可省略； 结构：主语（承受者）+ be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) 例：Trees are planted (by people). 树被（人们）种植。 使用场景（中考必考） 1. 不知道动作是谁做的； 2. 不想强调动作执行者，重点突出承受对象； 3. 科技、说明文、书面写作，客观正式表达。 二、两大基础时态被动语态（本课核心：一般现在时、一般过去时） 1. 一般现在时被动语态 构成：am / is / are + 动词过去分词 • 主语单数/不可数名词 → is + done • 主语I → am + done • 主语复数/you → are + done 句式变换 1. 肯定句：S + am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south. 水稻种植在南方。 2. 否定句：S + am/is/are + not + done Paper is not made of stone. 纸不是石头做的。 3. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + S + done? Are flowers watered every day? 花每天都被浇水吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句：Wh-词 + am/is/are + S + done? Where is tea produced? 茶叶产自哪里？ 2. 一般过去时被动语态 构成：was / were + 动词过去分词 • 主语单数/不可数 → was + done • 主语复数/you → were + done 句式变换 1. 肯定句：S + was/were + done The bridge was built last year. 这座桥去年建成。 2. 否定句：S + was/were + not + done These letters were not sent yesterday. 这些信昨天没寄出。 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + S + done? Were the books bought last week? 这些书上周买的吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句：Wh-词 + was/were + S + done? When was the factory opened? 这家工厂什么时候开业的？ 三、by 短语用法（执行者补充） 1. 完整写出动作发出者，加 by + 人/物； The cake was made by my mom. 蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 2. 执行者不明确、不重要时，直接省略 by 短语； Many new houses are built every year. 每年都建造很多新房子。 3. by 后接代词用宾格：by me / by him / by them（易错点） 四、动词过去分词变化规则（必背） 规则动词 1. 直接加 ed：work → worked；clean → cleaned 2. 以 e 结尾只加 d：live → lived；close → closed 3. 辅元辅结尾，双写尾字母+ed：stop → stopped；drop → dropped 4. 辅音+y结尾，变y为i+ed：study → studied；carry → carried 不规则动词（高频，被动必考） make-made-made；write-wrote-written；see-saw-seen； build-built-built；plant-planted-planted；produce-produced-produced； buy-bought-bought；send-sent-sent；eat-ate-eaten 五、核心易错考点 1. 不及物动词无被动：happen, appear, rise, arrive不能用于被动 ❌ The accident was happened. ✅ The accident happened. 事故发生了。 2. 感官动词/使役动词主动变被动要加to 主动：We see him run. 被动：He is seen to run. 3. 主谓一致：被动语态be动词单复数由承受者主语决定 The apples are picked.（主语复数→are） The apple is picked.（主语单数→is） 4. 时态区分：every day / usually 用一般现在被动；yesterday / last… 用一般过去被动 六、写作万能句型 1. Many kinds of goods are made in China. 许多商品产自中国。 2. The letter was written by my best friend. 这封信是我最好的朋友写的。 3. All homework must be finished on time. 所有作业必须按时完成。 Grammar in Use：【Passive voice 被动语态 】语法练习（二） 一、单词基础默写（25题，写出动词过去分词） 规则动词 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. work ________ 2. close ________ 3. stop ________ 4. study ________ 5. clean ________ 6. drop ________ 7. carry ________ 8. live ________ 不规则高频动词 9. make ________ 10. write ________ 11. see ________ 12. build ________ 13. buy ________ 14. send ________ 15. eat ________ 16. plant ________ 17. produce ________ 18. take ________ 19. give ________ 20. find ________ 变形填空（被动完整形式） 21. （一般现在被动）make → am/is/are ________ 22. （一般过去被动）make → was/were ________ 23. 种植（过去分词）________ 24. 建造（过去分词）________ 25. 看见（过去分词）________ 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（20题） 1. Paper ________ (make) from wood. 2. These bikes ________ (produce) in this factory every year. 3. The letter ________ (write) by Tom yesterday. 4. Many trees ________ (plant) every spring. 5. This bridge ________ (build) in 2010. 6. The windows ________ (clean) every afternoon. 7. A lot of books ________ (buy) last Sunday. 8. Tea ________ (grow) in Anhui. 9. All the letters ________ (send) just now. 10. The small shop ________ (open) every morning at 8. 11. The classroom ________ (not clean) yesterday. 12. The flowers ________ (water) once a day. 13. Those toys ________ (make) for little kids last year. 14. ________ the bridge ________ (build) two years ago? 15. ________ English ________ (speak) all over the world? 16. This kind of car ________ (sell) well. 17. The old house ________ (pull) down last month. 18. Students ________ (ask) to finish homework on time. 19. Many pictures ________ (draw) by my sister yesterday. 20. Rice ________ (grow) in southern China. 三、句型转换（主动语态 ↔ 被动语态，10道） 例句：People grow rice in the south.（主动） → Rice is grown in the south (by people).（被动） 1. Workers build many houses every year. → ________________________________________ 2. People speak English widely. → ________________________________________ 3. My mother cleans the room every day. → ________________________________________ 4. They built this road last summer. → ________________________________________ 5. He bought a new pen yesterday. → ________________________________________ 6. We plant trees every spring. → ________________________________________ 7. Someone sent me a gift last week. → A gift _________________________________ 8. People make this kind of watch in Shanghai. → ________________________________________ 9. They didn’t finish the work yesterday. → The work ________________________________ 10. Do they clean the classroom every day? → ________________________________________ 四、单项选择（15道，辨析时态、被动、主谓一致） 1. A lot of trees ______ every year to protect the environment. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 2. This old bridge ______ 100 years ago. A. builds B. is built C. built D. was built 3. —Where ______ tea ______? —In Hangzhou. A. is; grown B. does; grow C. was; grown D. did; grow 4. The letters ______ by my father yesterday evening. A. write B. are written C. wrote D. were written 5. These toys ______ for small children every year. A. make B. are made C. made D. were made 6. The classroom ______ every afternoon after school. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 7. This story book ______ last month. A. buys B. is bought C. bought D. was bought 8. Many new houses ______ in our town every year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built 9. —______ the bike ______ in China? —Yes, it is. A. Was; made B. Is; made C. Did; make D. Does; make 10. The accident ______ last night. A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened 11. All students ______ to wear school uniforms every day. A. ask B. are asked C. asked D. were asked 12. The window ______ just now. A. breaks B. is broken C. broke D. was broken 13. Paper ______ from wood. A. makes B. is made C. made D. was made 14. These pictures ______ by my cousin last weekend. A. draw B. are drawn C. drew D. were drawn 15. Coffee ______ in South America. A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. was grown 五、中英互译（14题，写作专项） 汉译英 1. 纸是木头做的 ________________________ 2. 每年都种植许多树 ________________________ 3. 这座桥20年前建成 ________________________ 4. 英语被全世界广泛使用 ________________________ 5. 房间每天都被打扫 ________________________ 6. 这款手表在上海制造 ________________________ 7. 信件昨天被寄出 ________________________ 英译汉 1. be produced in Anhui ________________________ 2. be watered every day ________________________ 3. be built last year ________________________ 4. be spoken all over the world ________________________ 5. be bought last Sunday ________________________ 6. be opened at eight every morning ________________________ 7. be planted in spring ________________________ 六、短文综合填空（2篇，用括号词正确变形） Passage 1 Many things 1.________ (make) in China every year. Tea 2.________ (grow) in Anhui and Zhejiang. Last year, a new bridge 3.________ (build) near our village. All the flowers 4.________ (water) by my grandma every morning. These storybooks 5.________ (buy) by my father yesterday. The classroom 6.________ (clean) after school every day. Many trees 7.________ (plant) in our school last spring. This kind of toy 8.________ (produce) in Guangdong. The letters 9.________ (send) to my friend last week. Rice 10.________ (grow) in the south of China. Passage 2 English 1.________ (speak) by lots of people around the world. The small shop 2.________ (open) at 7 a.m. every day. A big hospital 3.________ (build) in our city in 2024. All homework 4.________ (finish) by students every evening. The old houses 5.________ (pull) down last month. Vegetables 6.________ (grow) in the garden every summer. Those pictures 7.________ (draw) by little kids yesterday. This bike 8.________ (make) in Tianjin. The windows 9.________ (wash) every weekend. The nice gift 10.________ (give) to me last Sunday. $ Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts Grammar in Use：【Passive voice 被动语态 】语法练习（二）参考答案 一、单词基础默写 1. worked 2. closed 3. stopped 4. studied 5. cleaned 6. dropped 7. carried 8. lived 9. made 10. written 11. seen 12. built 13. bought 14. sent 15. eaten 16. planted 17. produced 18. taken 19. given 20. found 21. made 22. made 23. planted 24. built 25. seen 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. is made 2. are produced 3. was written 4. are planted 5. was built 6. are cleaned 7. were bought 8. is grown 9. were sent 10. is opened 11. wasn’t cleaned 12. are watered 13. were made 14. Was; built 15. Is; spoken 16. sell（表达“卖得好”描述事物自身属性时，sell需要用主动形式表被动意义，此处应为sell） 17. was pulled 18. are asked 19. were drawn 20. is grown 三、句型转换（参考） 1. Many houses are built by workers every year. 2. English is spoken widely by people. 3. The room is cleaned by my mother every day. 4. This road was built by them last summer. 5. A new pen was bought by him yesterday. 6. Trees are planted by us every spring. 7. was sent to me last week. 8. This kind of watch is made by people in Shanghai. 9. wasn’t finished by them yesterday. 10. Is the classroom cleaned by them every day? 四、单项选择 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.B 五、中英互译 汉译英 1. Paper is made from wood. 2. Lots of trees are planted every year. 3. The bridge was built twenty years ago. 4. English is widely spoken all over the world. 5. The room is cleaned every day. 6. This kind of watch is made in Shanghai. 7. The letter was sent yesterday. 英译汉 1. 在安徽生产 2. 每天被浇水 3. 去年被建造 4. 全世界被使用 5. 上周日被购买 6. 每天早上八点开门 7. 在春天被种植 六、短文填空 Passage 1 1. are made 2. is grown 3. was built 4. are watered 5. were bought 6. is cleaned 7. were planted 8. is produced 9. were sent 10. is grown Passage 2 1. is spoken 2. is opened 3. was built 4. is finished 5. were pulled 6. are grown 7. were drawn 8. is made 9. are washed 10. was given 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $