长难句基础讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考长难句核心考点，涵盖从句识别、非谓语辨析、分隔结构破解等关键技能，按“基础概念-高频修饰-典型句型-易错点”逻辑架构知识点。通过挖空梳理、口诀指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生建立“找主干-辨修饰”的解题框架，系统突破阅读理解定位与写作升级难点。 讲义创新采用“两步万能口诀”教学法，在典型长难句精讲中设计“主干提取+结构标注”活动，培养学生语言理解与逻辑分析的思维品质。设置分层练习（基础挖空、易混对比、高考句型），配合易错点警示，确保学生高效掌握拆分技巧，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供实用指导。

长难句 学习目标：熟练识别长难句拆分标志，精准区分主干与修饰成分；快速辨析各类从句、非谓语、插入语；理清修饰对象，破解分隔结构、嵌套句式；提升阅读理解定位效率，同时借鉴句式用于写作升级。 做题核心两步万能口诀 ①找__________：锁定主句谓语动词，剥离修饰成分，提取句子主干 ②找__________：识别连词、非谓语、标点，判断修饰对象，梳理逻辑层级 一、基础概念挖空 1. 长难句本质：简单句叠加各类修饰成分，修饰手段包含从句、________、介词短语、插入语。 2. 核心解题原则：一个主句只能拥有一套________动词；其余动词一般为非谓语或从句谓语。 3. 拆分信号标志：并列连词（and/but/or）、从属连词、标点（逗号、破折号）、________（to do / doing / done）。 4. 常见难点结构：嵌套从句、分隔修饰、悬垂修饰、多重后置定语、________（with复合结构）。 5. 阅读解题顺序：先抓主干翻译，再逐层添加修饰信息；切忌逐词顺译。 二、长难句高频修饰成分梳理 1. 从句类修饰 定语从句、________从句、状语从句、同位语从句 2. 非谓语修饰 不定式、现在分词、________ 3. 短语修饰 介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语 4. 特殊结构 插入语、独立主格、分隔结构 三、四大典型长难句精讲挖空 做题要求：划出主干，填写结构名称，并完成句意理解 （1）从句嵌套型（阅读最高频） 例句：The belief that continuous efforts can create miracles inspires those who are struggling with temporary failures. ①主句主干：The belief ________ those. ②that continuous efforts can create miracles 为________从句，修饰先行词belief ③who are struggling with temporary failures 为定语从句，修饰先行词________ 句意：持续努力能够创造奇迹这一信念鼓舞着那些遭遇暂时失败、奋力前行的人。 （2）非谓语叠加后置修饰 例句：Encouraged by their tutor, the researchers exploring ancient culture decided to publish a report recording their new discoveries. ①主句主干：the researchers ________ to publish a report. ②Encouraged by their tutor：过去分词作________ ③exploring ancient culture：现在分词作后置定语，修饰________ 句意：在导师的鼓励下，研究古文化的研究者决定发布一份记录全新发现的报告。 （3）分隔式修饰（高考难点） 例句：A plan will be carried out next month that aims to reduce waste produced in local manufacturing factories. ①主句主干：A plan ________ carried out next month. ②that aims to reduce waste… 是定语从句，分隔修饰________ 句意：一项旨在减少本地制造厂废弃物的方案将于下月实施。 （4）插入语打断句式 例句：Many young people, as many sociologists have noticed, tend to value experiences that bring inner peace. ①主句主干：Many young people ________ to value experiences. ②as many sociologists have noticed 为________，不参与主干 句意：正如许多社会学家观察到的，很多年轻人更看重能带来内心平静的体验。 四、超级易混难点填空 【区分从句谓语 vs 非谓语】 1. The expert ________ (present) valuable opinions at the meeting is respected widely.（非谓语，主动） 2. The expert ________ presented valuable opinions at the meeting is respected widely.（从句引导词） 【定语从句与同位语从句辨别】 1. The news ________ he spread at the meeting surprised all participants.（定语从句） 2. The news ________ a new research center will be built excited the whole school.（同位语从句） 【介词短语修饰判定】 People in the city with green lifestyles pay more attention to environmental protection. 思考：with green lifestyles 修饰 ________（city / people） 【并列结构识别（并列平行陷阱）】 She likes reading books and collecting materials that relate to ecological protection. 判断：collecting 和 ________ 并列 五、高考高频长难句型挖空 1. There is no doubt ________ …毫无疑问……（同位语从句） 2. ________ (face) with various challenges, we should stay calm.（非谓语作状语） 3. Those who ________ persist will finally achieve their goals.（定语从句） 4. It is obvious ________ …显而易见……（形式主语结构） 5. with difficulties ________ (appear) constantly, we must adjust our methods.（独立主格） 六、易错点禁区挖空 1. 寻找主干时，________（插入语/主句）可以直接暂时跳过，优先剥离 2. 定语从句引导词距离先行词较远时，称为________结构，极易看错修饰对象 3. 并列连词连接的成分必须保持形式________，警惕平行结构不一致 4. 现在分词、过去分词作定语，放在名词________（前面/后面）多为较长短语 5. 长难句翻译切勿颠倒________与修饰成分顺序，优先理清主干含义 七、课堂随堂长难句分析练习 要求：找出句子主干，填空标注结构类型 1. Having gained rich experience overseas, the engineer who graduated from our university put forward creative suggestions. 主干：________________________ 2. The truth that balance between work and rest matters has been ignored by plenty of teenagers. 主干：________________________ 3. A policy will come into effect in autumn which helps protect wild animals living in mountain areas. 主干：________________________ 4. What attracts readers most is the stories reflecting ordinary people’s true feelings in this novel. 主干：________________________ 5. Supported by local government, the project aiming at reducing pollution has achieved great success. 主干：________________________ 6. We hold the view that anyone who sticks to self-improvement can make steady progress. 主干：________________________ 7. The scientist, as media reported, has invented equipment used to save energy in daily life. 主干：________________________ 8. When exploring historical sites, visitors should obey the rules set by the management department. 主干：________________________ 9. There exists a possibility that young adults will pay more attention to traditional culture in the future. 主干：________________________ 10. It remains unknown when the exhibition showing modern art will be open to the public. 主干：________________________ 练习 题型一：长难句结构辨析 要求：划出句子主干（主谓/主谓宾），标注修饰成分（从句/非谓语/介词短语），翻译整句 1. What many young people fail to realize is that small positive actions carried out every day can finally bring about remarkable changes in life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Having spent years studying animal behaviour, the researcher published a report which shows how living conditions influence wild animals’ daily habits. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you keep an open mind when communicating with others, you will find that different opinions can offer you valuable ideas you have never thought of. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The library built in the 1990s, where thousands of classic books are kept, provides citizens with quiet space to relax and learn in their free time. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. So challenging is the task that those who take part in it have to make full preparations and cooperate closely with team members. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. While it is obvious that digital technology brings great convenience, we cannot ignore the problems it creates for teenagers’ concentration. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. People who are willing to step out of their comfort zones are more likely to discover chances that others tend to miss. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. To better understand local culture, the students took part in a volunteer activity organized by the community last summer vacation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. It has been widely accepted that regular exercise, together with balanced diets, helps people keep physically and mentally healthy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. When faced with difficulties that seem impossible to overcome, many successful people choose to stick to their goals instead of giving up. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The speech delivered by the youth leader inspired most listeners, who made up their minds to make contributions to public service. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Whoever wants to achieve long-term progress must learn to reflect on mistakes so that they will not repeat them again. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Though he lacked rich experience at the beginning, he kept learning from every failure until he mastered all necessary skills. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. We believe that the efforts we put into study now will lay a solid foundation for whatever careers we choose in the future. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Seen from the perspective of environmental protection, the measures that the government has taken are worth supporting. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型二：语法填空·长难句综合特训 要求：结合句子结构（从句引导词、非谓语、连词）填入恰当词汇，兼顾时态、语态，分析长难句框架 1. It is the persistence ________ helps ordinary people achieve goals that seem far beyond their ability. 2. ________ you can keep a balanced lifestyle depends on whether you can manage your time properly. 3. Having ________ (expose) to different cultures, teenagers can develop a broader view of the world. 4. The documentary talks about the difficulties ________ environmental protectors meet when carrying out their work. 5. So many people choose outdoor sports ________ they can reduce stress from busy daily work and study. 6. We all agree ________ whoever makes efforts deserves recognition and proper encouragement. 7. The old village ________ lies at the foot of the mountain attracts tourists ________ are fond of traditional architecture. 8. ________ tough the competition becomes, we should not lose confidence in our own strengths. 9. The report ________ (submit) by the research team contains suggestions ________ can improve public traffic. 10. You will make greater progress ________ you are willing to accept advice from experienced people. 11. ________ we can protect cultural heritage well remains a heated topic among experts. 12. Not ________ (prepare) fully for the debate competition, he felt nervous when standing on the stage. 13. People ________ take active exercise are less likely to suffer from problems connected with tiredness. 14. Many students fail to realize ________ reading widely helps improve their ability to understand long articles. 15. This activity aims ________ (raise) awareness that everyone plays a role in keeping the community clean. 题型三：高考中译英·长难句综合训练 要求：句子构建为复合长难句，融合从句/非谓语结构 1. 能够正视自身弱点的人更容易找到适合自己的提升方法。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 人们普遍认为，持续反思学习中的失误是取得进步的关键途径。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 尽管线上学习十分便捷，但它无法完全取代面对面的师生交流。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 建于百年前的古镇保存着大量传统手工艺，每年吸引无数游客前来参观。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 如果你想要实现长远目标，你必须学会抵制各类短期诱惑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 受到优秀榜样的鼓舞，越来越多年轻人主动参与乡村志愿服务。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们现在积累的知识将会影响我们未来看待世界的方式。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 如何平衡学业与兴趣爱好，是许多高三学生持续思考的问题。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 只有坚持日复一日的练习，你才能熟练掌握一门外语。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 那位专家发表的演讲讨论了保护环境与发展经济之间的关系。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 当我们面对挫折时，保持乐观心态有助于我们快速走出困境。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 任何愿意为集体付出的人，都应当得到全体成员的尊重。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 为更好传承本土文化，当地政府开设了面向青少年的传统艺术课程。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 调查收集的数据表明充足睡眠直接影响学生课堂学习效率。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 不要轻易否定不同观点，因为它们很可能为你提供全新思考角度。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型四：高考英译中·长难句翻译训练 要求：找出句子主干，流畅翻译，识别多重修饰结构 1. Those who are good at arranging spare time always manage to find chances to develop interests besides schoolwork. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. It is clear that the skills we gain from social practice can not be learnt only from textbooks. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Though modern technology shortens the distance between people, it cannot strengthen true emotional connections. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The new museum opened last month holds exhibitions that show the development of local industry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. If you continue to stick to your plans instead of giving up, you will witness your own progress sooner or later. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Encouraged by teachers and family, many teenagers dare to try new things and challenge themselves actively. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What we learn from failures often leaves a deeper impression than knowledge gained from success. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How we treat nature today will decide what living environment future generations can enjoy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Only when you put what you have learned into practice can you truly understand its value. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The report released by the education department suggests that schools should pay attention to students’ mental health. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. When meeting challenges that seem hard to overcome, try to divide big tasks into smaller steps. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Anyone who keeps reading widely can gradually improve the ability to understand complex passages. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. To reduce waste of natural resources, factories are required to take new environmentally friendly measures. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. The young volunteers who joined this activity helped elderly people learn how to use smart devices. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. We should respect different cultures because every culture carries the history and wisdom of a nation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 长难句 学习目标：熟练识别长难句拆分标志，精准区分主干与修饰成分；快速辨析各类从句、非谓语、插入语；理清修饰对象，破解分隔结构、嵌套句式；提升阅读理解定位效率，同时借鉴句式用于写作升级。 做题核心两步万能口诀 ①找__________：锁定主句谓语动词，剥离修饰成分，提取句子主干 ②找__________：识别连词、非谓语、标点，判断修饰对象，梳理逻辑层级 一、基础概念挖空 1. 长难句本质：简单句叠加各类修饰成分，修饰手段包含从句、________、介词短语、插入语。 2. 核心解题原则：一个主句只能拥有一套________动词；其余动词一般为非谓语或从句谓语。 3. 拆分信号标志：并列连词（and/but/or）、从属连词、标点（逗号、破折号）、________（to do / doing / done）。 4. 常见难点结构：嵌套从句、分隔修饰、悬垂修饰、多重后置定语、________（with复合结构）。 5. 阅读解题顺序：先抓主干翻译，再逐层添加修饰信息；切忌逐词顺译。 二、长难句高频修饰成分梳理 1. 从句类修饰 定语从句、________从句、状语从句、同位语从句 2. 非谓语修饰 不定式、现在分词、________ 3. 短语修饰 介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语 4. 特殊结构 插入语、独立主格、分隔结构 三、四大典型长难句精讲挖空 做题要求：划出主干，填写结构名称，并完成句意理解 （1）从句嵌套型（阅读最高频） 例句：The belief that continuous efforts can create miracles inspires those who are struggling with temporary failures. ①主句主干：The belief ________ those. ②that continuous efforts can create miracles 为________从句，修饰先行词belief ③who are struggling with temporary failures 为定语从句，修饰先行词________ 句意：持续努力能够创造奇迹这一信念鼓舞着那些遭遇暂时失败、奋力前行的人。 （2）非谓语叠加后置修饰 例句：Encouraged by their tutor, the researchers exploring ancient culture decided to publish a report recording their new discoveries. ①主句主干：the researchers ________ to publish a report. ②Encouraged by their tutor：过去分词作________ ③exploring ancient culture：现在分词作后置定语，修饰________ 句意：在导师的鼓励下，研究古文化的研究者决定发布一份记录全新发现的报告。 （3）分隔式修饰（高考难点） 例句：A plan will be carried out next month that aims to reduce waste produced in local manufacturing factories. ①主句主干：A plan ________ carried out next month. ②that aims to reduce waste… 是定语从句，分隔修饰________ 句意：一项旨在减少本地制造厂废弃物的方案将于下月实施。 （4）插入语打断句式 例句：Many young people, as many sociologists have noticed, tend to value experiences that bring inner peace. ①主句主干：Many young people ________ to value experiences. ②as many sociologists have noticed 为________，不参与主干 句意：正如许多社会学家观察到的，很多年轻人更看重能带来内心平静的体验。 四、超级易混难点填空 【区分从句谓语 vs 非谓语】 1. The expert ________ (present) valuable opinions at the meeting is respected widely.（非谓语，主动） 2. The expert ________ presented valuable opinions at the meeting is respected widely.（从句引导词） 【定语从句与同位语从句辨别】 1. The news ________ he spread at the meeting surprised all participants.（定语从句） 2. The news ________ a new research center will be built excited the whole school.（同位语从句） 【介词短语修饰判定】 People in the city with green lifestyles pay more attention to environmental protection. 思考：with green lifestyles 修饰 ________（city / people） 【并列结构识别（并列平行陷阱）】 She likes reading books and collecting materials that relate to ecological protection. 判断：collecting 和 ________ 并列 五、高考高频长难句型挖空 1. There is no doubt ________ …毫无疑问……（同位语从句） 2. ________ (face) with various challenges, we should stay calm.（非谓语作状语） 3. Those who ________ persist will finally achieve their goals.（定语从句） 4. It is obvious ________ …显而易见……（形式主语结构） 5. with difficulties ________ (appear) constantly, we must adjust our methods.（独立主格） 六、易错点禁区挖空 1. 寻找主干时，________（插入语/主句）可以直接暂时跳过，优先剥离 2. 定语从句引导词距离先行词较远时，称为________结构，极易看错修饰对象 3. 并列连词连接的成分必须保持形式________，警惕平行结构不一致 4. 现在分词、过去分词作定语，放在名词________（前面/后面）多为较长短语 5. 长难句翻译切勿颠倒________与修饰成分顺序，优先理清主干含义 七、课堂随堂长难句分析练习 要求：找出句子主干，填空标注结构类型 1. Having gained rich experience overseas, the engineer who graduated from our university put forward creative suggestions. 主干：________________________ 2. The truth that balance between work and rest matters has been ignored by plenty of teenagers. 主干：________________________ 3. A policy will come into effect in autumn which helps protect wild animals living in mountain areas. 主干：________________________ 4. What attracts readers most is the stories reflecting ordinary people’s true feelings in this novel. 主干：________________________ 5. Supported by local government, the project aiming at reducing pollution has achieved great success. 主干：________________________ 6. We hold the view that anyone who sticks to self-improvement can make steady progress. 主干：________________________ 7. The scientist, as media reported, has invented equipment used to save energy in daily life. 主干：________________________ 8. When exploring historical sites, visitors should obey the rules set by the management department. 主干：________________________ 9. There exists a possibility that young adults will pay more attention to traditional culture in the future. 主干：________________________ 10. It remains unknown when the exhibition showing modern art will be open to the public. 主干：________________________ 【教师对照完整版答案】 做题核心两步万能口诀 ①找主句谓语 ②找修饰边界 一、基础概念挖空 1. 非谓语动词 2. 限定性谓语 3. 非谓语 4. 独立主格 二、长难句高频修饰成分梳理 1. 主语 2. 过去分词 三、四大典型长难句精讲挖空 1. inspires；同位语；those 2. decided；状语；researchers 3. will be；plan 4. tend；插入语 四、超级易混难点 1. presenting；who/that 2. that/which；that 3. people 4. reading 五、高考高频长难句型挖空 1. that 2. Faced 3. who 4. that 5. appearing 六、易错点禁区挖空 1. 插入语 2. 分隔 3. 一致 4. 后面 5. 主干 七、课堂随堂长难句主干参考答案 1. the engineer put forward creative suggestions 2. The truth has been ignored 3. A policy will come into effect 4. What attracts readers most is the stories 5. the project has achieved great success 6. We hold the view 7. The scientist has invented equipment 8. visitors should obey the rules 9. There exists a possibility 10. It remains unknown 练习 题型一：长难句结构辨析 要求：划出句子主干（主谓/主谓宾），标注修饰成分（从句/非谓语/介词短语），翻译整句 1. What many young people fail to realize is that small positive actions carried out every day can finally bring about remarkable changes in life. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Having spent years studying animal behaviour, the researcher published a report which shows how living conditions influence wild animals’ daily habits. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you keep an open mind when communicating with others, you will find that different opinions can offer you valuable ideas you have never thought of. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The library built in the 1990s, where thousands of classic books are kept, provides citizens with quiet space to relax and learn in their free time. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. So challenging is the task that those who take part in it have to make full preparations and cooperate closely with team members. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. While it is obvious that digital technology brings great convenience, we cannot ignore the problems it creates for teenagers’ concentration. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. People who are willing to step out of their comfort zones are more likely to discover chances that others tend to miss. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. To better understand local culture, the students took part in a volunteer activity organized by the community last summer vacation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. It has been widely accepted that regular exercise, together with balanced diets, helps people keep physically and mentally healthy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. When faced with difficulties that seem impossible to overcome, many successful people choose to stick to their goals instead of giving up. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The speech delivered by the youth leader inspired most listeners, who made up their minds to make contributions to public service. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Whoever wants to achieve long-term progress must learn to reflect on mistakes so that they will not repeat them again. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Though he lacked rich experience at the beginning, he kept learning from every failure until he mastered all necessary skills. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. We believe that the efforts we put into study now will lay a solid foundation for whatever careers we choose in the future. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. Seen from the perspective of environmental protection, the measures that the government has taken are worth supporting. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型一 参考答案&逐句解析 1. 主干：What many young people fail to realize is that... 修饰成分：主语从句What many young people fail to realize；表语从句；过去分词短语carried out every day作后置定语 翻译：许多年轻人没有意识到，日复一日微小的积极行动，最终能够给人生带来巨大改变。 2. 主干：the researcher published a report 修饰成分：Having spent...现在分词作状语；which引导定语从句；how引导宾语从句 翻译：经过多年研究动物行为，这位研究者发表了一份报告，展示生存环境如何影响野生动物的日常习性。 3. 主干：you will find that... 修饰成分：if引导条件状语从句；when引导时间状语从句；that引导宾语从句；省略关系词的定语从句you have never thought of 翻译：如果你与人交流时保持开放心态，你会发现不同观点能够为你提供从未设想过的宝贵思路。 4. 主干：The library provides citizens with quiet space 修饰成分：built in the 1990s过去分词作定语；where引导非限制性定语从句；to relax and learn不定式作后置定语 翻译：这座建成于上世纪90年代的图书馆藏有数千本经典书籍，为市民提供闲暇时学习与静心休憩的场所。 5. 主干：the task is so challenging 修饰成分：倒装结构So challenging is the task；that引导结果状语从句；who引导定语从句 翻译：这项任务难度极大，参与者必须做好充分准备，并与团队成员紧密协作。 6. 主干：we cannot ignore the problems 修饰成分：while引导让步状语从句；it作形式主语，that为主语从句；省略关系代词的定语从句it creates 翻译：尽管数字技术带来巨大便利是显而易见的，但我们不能忽视它对青少年专注力造成的各类问题。 7. 主干：People are more likely to discover chances 修饰成分：who引导定语从句修饰people；that引导定语从句修饰chances 翻译：愿意走出舒适区的人，更容易发现别人容易错失的机遇。 8. 主干：the students took part in a volunteer activity 修饰成分：To better understand不定式作目的状语；organized by the community过去分词作后置定语 翻译：为更好地了解本土文化，学生们去年暑假参加了社区组织的志愿活动。 9. 主干：It has been widely accepted that... 修饰成分：it形式主语；that引导主语从句；together with balanced diets插入语 翻译：人们普遍认为，规律运动搭配均衡饮食，有助于人们保持身心健康。 10. 主干：many successful people choose to stick to their goals 修饰成分：when引导省略结构时间状语从句；that引导定语从句修饰difficulties；instead of giving up并列状语 翻译：面对看似无法攻克的困境时，许多成功者选择坚守目标，而非轻言放弃。 11. 主干：The speech inspired most listeners 修饰成分：delivered by the youth leader过去分词作定语；who引导非限制性定语从句 翻译：青年领袖发表的这场演讲鼓舞了大多数听众，他们下定决心投身公共服务事业。 12. 主干：Whoever wants to achieve long-term progress must learn to reflect on mistakes 修饰成分：whoever引导主语从句；so that引导目的状语从句 翻译：任何想要取得长期进步的人都必须学会反思错误，避免重蹈覆辙。 13. 主干：he kept learning from every failure 修饰成分：though引导让步状语从句；until引导时间状语从句 翻译：虽然起初他经验不足，但他不断从每一次失败中学习，直至掌握全部必备技能。 14. 主干：We believe that... 修饰成分：that引导宾语从句；省略关系词定语从句we put into study；whatever引导宾语从句 翻译：我们相信当下在学习上付出的努力，会为我们未来选择的任何职业打下坚实基础。 15. 主干：the measures are worth supporting 修饰成分：Seen from...过去分词作状语；that引导定语从句修饰measures 翻译：站在环保的角度来看，政府推行的这些举措值得支持。 题型二：语法填空·长难句综合特训 要求：结合句子结构（从句引导词、非谓语、连词）填入恰当词汇，兼顾时态、语态，分析长难句框架 1. It is the persistence ________ helps ordinary people achieve goals that seem far beyond their ability. 2. ________ you can keep a balanced lifestyle depends on whether you can manage your time properly. 3. Having ________ (expose) to different cultures, teenagers can develop a broader view of the world. 4. The documentary talks about the difficulties ________ environmental protectors meet when carrying out their work. 5. So many people choose outdoor sports ________ they can reduce stress from busy daily work and study. 6. We all agree ________ whoever makes efforts deserves recognition and proper encouragement. 7. The old village ________ lies at the foot of the mountain attracts tourists ________ are fond of traditional architecture. 8. ________ tough the competition becomes, we should not lose confidence in our own strengths. 9. The report ________ (submit) by the research team contains suggestions ________ can improve public traffic. 10. You will make greater progress ________ you are willing to accept advice from experienced people. 11. ________ we can protect cultural heritage well remains a heated topic among experts. 12. Not ________ (prepare) fully for the debate competition, he felt nervous when standing on the stage. 13. People ________ take active exercise are less likely to suffer from problems connected with tiredness. 14. Many students fail to realize ________ reading widely helps improve their ability to understand long articles. 15. This activity aims ________ (raise) awareness that everyone plays a role in keeping the community clean. 题型二 参考答案&逐句解析 1. 答案：that 解析：强调句型It is...that。句意：正是坚持，让普通人能够实现看似遥不可及的目标。 2. 答案：Whether 解析：whether引导主语从句。句意：你能否保持均衡的生活方式，取决于你是否能够合理管理时间。 3. 答案：been exposed 解析：having been exposed 现在分词完成被动式。句意：接触多元文化能够帮助青少年建立更加开阔的世界观。 4. 答案：that/which 解析：定语从句关系代词，指代difficulties。句意：这部纪录片讲述环保工作者开展工作时面临的重重难题。 5. 答案：because 解析：原因状语从句连词。句意：很多人选择户外运动，因为这可以缓解繁忙学习与工作带来的压力。 6. 答案：that 解析：宾语从句引导词。句意：我们一致认为，任何付出努力的人都值得认可与适当鼓励。 7. 答案：which/that；who/that 解析：两处定语从句引导词。句意：这座坐落在山脚下的古村落吸引着喜爱传统建筑的游客。 8. 答案：However 解析：however引导让步状语从句。句意：无论竞争多么激烈，我们都不能对自身优势失去信心。 9. 答案：submitted；which/that 解析：过去分词作定语；定语从句引导词。句意：研究团队提交的报告包含能够改善公共交通的多项建议。 10. 答案：if 解析：条件状语从句连词。句意：如果你愿意听取有经验者的建议，你将会取得更大进步。 11. 答案：How 解析：how引导主语从句。句意：我们如何妥善保护文化遗产，一直是专家热议的话题。 12. 答案：having prepared 解析：现在分词完成否定形式作状语。句意：由于辩论赛准备不足，站上舞台时他十分紧张。 13. 答案：who/that 解析：定语从句修饰people。句意：坚持主动锻炼的人不容易产生疲劳相关的健康问题。 14. 答案：that 解析：宾语从句引导词。句意：很多学生没有意识到广泛阅读有助于提升理解长文本的能力。 15. 答案：to raise 解析：aim to do固定搭配；that引导同位语从句。句意：本次活动旨在树立意识：每个人都有责任维护社区整洁。 题型三：高考中译英·长难句综合训练 要求：句子构建为复合长难句，融合从句/非谓语结构 1. 能够正视自身弱点的人更容易找到适合自己的提升方法。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 人们普遍认为，持续反思学习中的失误是取得进步的关键途径。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 尽管线上学习十分便捷，但它无法完全取代面对面的师生交流。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 建于百年前的古镇保存着大量传统手工艺，每年吸引无数游客前来参观。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 如果你想要实现长远目标，你必须学会抵制各类短期诱惑。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 受到优秀榜样的鼓舞，越来越多年轻人主动参与乡村志愿服务。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们现在积累的知识将会影响我们未来看待世界的方式。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 如何平衡学业与兴趣爱好，是许多高三学生持续思考的问题。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 只有坚持日复一日的练习，你才能熟练掌握一门外语。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 那位专家发表的演讲讨论了保护环境与发展经济之间的关系。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 当我们面对挫折时，保持乐观心态有助于我们快速走出困境。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 任何愿意为集体付出的人，都应当得到全体成员的尊重。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 为更好传承本土文化，当地政府开设了面向青少年的传统艺术课程。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 调查收集的数据表明充足睡眠直接影响学生课堂学习效率。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 不要轻易否定不同观点，因为它们很可能为你提供全新思考角度。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型三 参考答案&句式解析 1. 答案：People who can face their weaknesses bravely are more likely to find proper ways to improve themselves. 解析：who引导定语从句；不定式作后置定语。 2. 答案：It is widely believed that constantly reflecting on mistakes in study is a key way to make progress. 解析：it形式主语，that引导主语从句。 3. 答案：While online learning brings great convenience, it cannot completely replace face-to-face communication between teachers and students. 解析：while引导让步状语从句。 4. 答案：The ancient town built a hundred years ago keeps plenty of traditional handicrafts, attracting thousands of tourists every year. 解析：过去分词作定语；现在分词作结果状语。 5. 答案：If you want to achieve long-term goals, you must learn to resist different kinds of short-term temptations. 解析：if引导条件状语从句。 6. 答案：Inspired by outstanding role models, more and more young people take part in volunteer services in villages. 解析：过去分词作状语。 7. 答案：The knowledge we accumulate now will influence how we look at the world in the future. 解析：定语从句 + how引导宾语从句。 8. 答案：How we balance study and hobbies is a question that many senior three students keep thinking about. 解析：how引导主语从句；定语从句嵌套。 9. 答案：Only by keeping practising day after day can you master a foreign language skillfully. 解析：only+状语置于句首引起倒装长难句。 10. 答案：The speech delivered by the expert discussed the relationship between environmental protection and economic development. 解析：过去分词作后置定语。 11. 答案：When we face setbacks, keeping an optimistic attitude helps us get out of trouble quickly. 解析：时间状语从句 + 动名词作主语。 12. 答案：Whoever is willing to devote himself to the group deserves respect from all members. 解析：whoever引导主语从句。 13. 答案：To pass down local culture better, the local government opens traditional art courses for teenagers. 解析：不定式作目的状语。 14. 答案：The data collected from the survey shows that enough sleep directly affects students’ study efficiency in class. 解析：过去分词定语；宾语从句嵌套。 15. 答案：Do not reject different opinions easily, because they may offer you completely new ways of thinking. 解析：because引导原因状语从句。 题型四：高考英译中·长难句翻译训练 要求：找出句子主干，流畅翻译，识别多重修饰结构 1. Those who are good at arranging spare time always manage to find chances to develop interests besides schoolwork. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. It is clear that the skills we gain from social practice can not be learnt only from textbooks. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Though modern technology shortens the distance between people, it cannot strengthen true emotional connections. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The new museum opened last month holds exhibitions that show the development of local industry. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. If you continue to stick to your plans instead of giving up, you will witness your own progress sooner or later. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Encouraged by teachers and family, many teenagers dare to try new things and challenge themselves actively. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What we learn from failures often leaves a deeper impression than knowledge gained from success. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How we treat nature today will decide what living environment future generations can enjoy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Only when you put what you have learned into practice can you truly understand its value. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. The report released by the education department suggests that schools should pay attention to students’ mental health. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. When meeting challenges that seem hard to overcome, try to divide big tasks into smaller steps. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Anyone who keeps reading widely can gradually improve the ability to understand complex passages. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. To reduce waste of natural resources, factories are required to take new environmentally friendly measures. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. The young volunteers who joined this activity helped elderly people learn how to use smart devices. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. We should respect different cultures because every culture carries the history and wisdom of a nation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题型四 参考答案&语法解析 1. 翻译：擅长规划课余时间的人，总能在课业之外找到机会培养兴趣爱好。 结构：who引导定语从句；不定式作后置定语 2. 翻译：显而易见，我们从社会实践中收获的技能，无法仅仅依靠课本习得。 结构：it形式主语；that主语从句嵌套定语从句 3. 翻译：尽管现代科技缩短了人与人之间的距离，却无法加固真挚的情感纽带。 结构：though引导让步状语从句 4. 翻译：这座上个月对外开放的新博物馆举办展览，展示当地工业发展历程。 结构：过去分词作定语；that引导定语从句 5. 翻译：如果你持续坚守计划、不轻言放弃，迟早会见证自身的成长。 结构：if条件状语从句 6. 翻译：在老师与家人的鼓励下，许多青少年敢于尝试新鲜事物、主动挑战自我。 结构：过去分词作状语 7. 翻译：我们从失败中学到的东西，往往比成功收获的知识印象更加深刻。 结构：主语从句；过去分词作后置定语 8. 翻译：我们如今如何对待自然，将决定后代能够拥有怎样的生存环境。 结构：主语从句嵌套宾语从句 9. 翻译：只有将所学知识付诸实践，你才能真正理解它的价值。 结构：only+状语从句引起倒装长难句 10. 翻译：教育部门发布的这份报告建议学校应当重视学生的心理健康。 结构：过去分词作定语；宾语从句 11. 翻译：遇到看似难以攻克的挑战时，可以尝试将庞大任务拆解成一个个小步骤。 结构：省略式时间状语从句+定语从句 12. 翻译：坚持广泛阅读的人，能够逐步提升理解复杂篇章的能力。 结构：定语从句嵌套不定式结构 13. 翻译：为减少自然资源浪费，工厂被要求推行全新环保举措。 结构：不定式作目的状语 14. 翻译：参与本次活动的青年志愿者帮助老年人学习使用智能设备。 结构：who引导定语从句；how引导宾语从句 15. 翻译：我们应当尊重多元文化，因为每一种文化都承载着一个民族的历史与智慧。 结构：because引导原因状语从句 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $