2027届高考一轮复习长难句练习-2026新高考I卷阅读长难句 讲义

该高中英语高考阅读专项精讲讲义覆盖新课标I卷四篇必考文体及非谓语动词、定语从句等核心语法，按“文体分类-长难句拆解-写作迁移”逻辑架构知识点，通过考情分析、逐篇精讲（主干划分+语法考点）、专项训练（拆解/仿写/改写）环节，帮助学生系统突破阅读难点。 资料以“三层递进”训练法为特色，通过长难句主干提取、语法功能分析培养学生语言能力与思维品质，设计句式仿写迁移活动（如用It形式主语句型写环保主题句子），配合分层练习确保复习效率。助力学生提升阅读解题与写作表达能力，为教师把控一轮复习节奏提供精准指导。

2026新课标|卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、 三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2026新课标1卷阅读理解命题考情 1.四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴 合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2.核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状 语、独立主格、wth复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3.使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词， 无超纲生词； 4.训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5.高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 ↓拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； ↓状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； 定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； 让步句式：no matter how=however;while/although/,though均可表转折让步； 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 A篇应用文：场馆广告(SoFi Stadium) 长难句1 SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone,and quests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 1.:SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone;guests must enter through the exact gate 2.语法： ①and连接两套独立主谓结构，构成并列复合句； ②in your assigned zone介词短语作地点状语，修饰动词park; ③indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass过去分词后置定语，修饰名词gate。 3.词汇： ①assigned adj.指定的；zone n.区域 ②color--coded digital parking pass彩色电子停车凭证 翻译： 长难句2 For those wishing to park near friends,all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together-spaces cannot be saved. 1.主干：all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together;破折号分句spaces cannot be saved 2.语法： ①For those wishing to park near friends介词短语作条件状语，wishing为现在分词后置修饰those; ②for the same zone介词短语后置修饰名词passes; ③破折号用于补充说明前文停车规侧。 3.词汇： ①vehicle n.车辆 ②save space预留车位 翻译： B篇记叙文：纸质词典(Words in Print) 长难句1 原句：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf【that held at least three dictionaries】,and Kevin sighed dramatically 1.主干：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf;;Kevin sighed dramatically 2.语法： ①and连接两组主谓，形成并列主句； ②that held at least three dictionaries限制性定语从句，先行词为bookshelf; ③pointedly、dramatically为词，分别作方式状语修饰looked、sighed。 3.词汇： ①pointedly adv.刻意地 ②dramatically adv..夸张地；sigh v.叹气 翻译： 长难句2 原句：It took him a few tries to find the word in question..【While going through the pages.】,he kept saying,wide-eyed:"How can there be this many words?" 1.主干：It took him a few tries to find the word;he kept saying(it为形式主语，真正主语是to find the word) 2.语法： ①It took sb.sth.to do sth.固定形式主语句型： ②in question介词短语后置修饰名词the word; ③While going through the pages状语从句省略结构，完整形式While he was going through the pages; ④wide-eyed形容词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语he。 3.词汇： ①in question谈及的，讨论中的 ②go through the pages翻阅书页 翻译： 长难句3 原句：I decided【that I wanted to learn as many words as I could】and started marking every entry [I looked up]with a pencil to measure my progress. 1.主干：I decided that..and started marking every entry 2.语法： ①that引导宾语从句，作decided的宾语； ②as many words as I could比较状语结构； ③(that)I looked up省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰entry; ④to measure my progress不定式作目的状语。 3.词汇： ①entry n.词典词条 ②measure progress衡量进步 翻译： 长难句4 原句：lt's not about the words themselves or【how we learn them】,but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1.:It's not about the words themselves or how we learn them,but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite 2.语法： ①how we learn them宾语从句，与the words themselves并列作介词about的宾语； ②the wanting为动名词名词化，和curiosity、appetite并列。 3.词汇： ①curiosity n.好奇心 ②appetite n.求知欲，内心渴望 翻译： C篇环保科普 长难句1 Harmless by itself,isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles,buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone-a major factor in many breathing problems. 1.主干：isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides 2.语法： ①Harmless by itself形容词短语前置作状语，修饰主语isoprene; ②released by vehicles,.buildings and industry过去分词后置定语，修饰nitrogen oxides; ③to form ground-level ozone不定式作结果状语； ④a major factor in many breathing problems同位语，解释ground-level ozone。 3.词汇： ①isoprene n.异戊二烯；nitrogen oxides氮氧化物 ②ground-level ozone近地面臭氧 翻译： 长难句2 The research,carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found [that [if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings],isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%]. 1.主干：The research found that.. 2.语法： ①carried out by scientists.过去分词分隔主谓，插入式后置定语修饰research; ②that引导宾语从句，从句内部嵌套if引导的真实条件状语从句 ③in new plantings、in Manhattan、in coming decades多层介词短语后置修饰对应名词。 3.词汇： ①institution n.科研机构 ②species patterns树种搭配模式；decade n.十年 翻译： 长难句3 Oaks are keystone species,she pointed out,providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1.主干：Oaks are keystone species 2.语法： ①she pointed out插入语，分割主句主干； ②providing food and habitat..现在分词作伴随结果状语； ③for native insects,birds and other animals介词短语后置修饰food and habitat。. 3.词汇： ①keystone species关键物种 ②habitat n.栖息地；native adj.本土的 翻译： D篇心理学实验 长难句1 Participants were randomly divided into two groups:the "beauty"group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed,[while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself] 1.主千：Participants were randomly divided into two groups;冒号后对比句the"beauty"group was asked...;the control group just matched. 2.语法： ①while引导并列对比分句，区分两组实验对象行为： ②(that)they viewed省略关系代词限制性定语从句，修饰object;, ③of each object、of the object介词短语后置定语。 3.词汇： ①randomly adv..随机地；rate v.打分 ②control group对照组；line drawing线稿 翻译： 长难句2 Importantly,however,the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group,suggesting that [it was the engagement with beauty][that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience]. 1.:the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group 2.语法： ①suggesting that.现在分词作结果状语，引出实验结论； ②that引导宾语从句，从句内含it was..that.强调句型； ③rather than并列对北比结构，连接两组对比宾语。 3.词汇： ①engagement n.沉浸，投入；abstract thinking抽象思维 ②positivity n.愉悦情绪 翻译： 长难句3 It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander,but that's when we think in ways【that broaden our minds】. 1.:It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander;that's when we think in ways 2.语法： ①tis+ad+todo形式主语固定句型，it无实义； ②when引导表语从句，作系动词is的表语； ③that broaden our minds限制性定语从句修饰抽象名词ways。 3.词汇： ①zone out放空，走神 ②broaden one's mind开阔思维 翻译： 三、 专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：出句子主干，标注从句类型非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1.Having gained widespread public support,the wildlife protection team plans to build more natural reserves to conserve endangered species. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 2.Citizens who take part in urban green projects will receive practical training on how to maintain newly planted shrubs. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 3.Researchers will continue observing animal migration pattems even if unexpected natural disasters break out halfway. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 4.When collecting field data about river pollution,investigators must wear protective equipment and record detailed water quality indicators. 主干 语法： 翻译： 5.Any visitor damaging rare plants growing within the national park will face strict punishment issued by environmental authorities. 主千： 语法： 翻译： 6.While advocating low-carbon lifestyles,environmental educators encourage residents to cut down unnecessary energy consumption in daily life. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 7.The policy that limits single-use plastic products will be carried out across the whole region to reduce white pollution effectively. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 8.Young participants taking part in ocean conservation activities need to learn basic knowledge about marine ecosystems ahead of time. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 9.Scientists will conduct regular soil surveys wherever human activities may threaten the balance of local ecological systems. 主干： 语法： 翻译： 10.Funds donated by environmentally friendly enterprises will be used to restore wetlands destroyed by unreasonable development years ago. 主干 语法： 翻译： 句型仿写写作迁移 摸仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1.模板：t+be+ad.+to do sth.+that引导主语从句变体 中文：想要长久守护生态平衡，最重要的是减少人为对自然栖息地的侵扰。 仿写： 2.模板：名词+of which引导非限制性定语从句 中文：这片保护区拥有数百种珍稀物种，其中多数物种都依赖完整的湿地环境生存。 仿写： 3.模板：as long as引导条件状语从句，主句 中文：只要所有人共同践行环保理念，城市的生物多样性就能够稳步提升。 仿写： 4.模板：with复合结构(with+宾语+done)作伴随状语，主句 中文：大量废弃渔网被清理完毕，海洋生物获得更加安全的栖息环境。 仿写： 5.模板：不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词 中文：我们拥有共同守护野生生物、修复受损自然环境的重大责任。 仿写： 6.模板：形容词短语置于句首作状语，主句 中文：意识到气候变暖带来的危机，各国研究者不断探寻生态保护新方案。 仿写： 7.模板：not only.but also.连接并列谓语 中文：环保项目不仅改善区域水质，还为众多水生生物创造稳定家园。 仿写： 8.模板：whether引导宾语从句 中文：相关团队正在调研，大规模人工造林能否有效缓解局部土地沙化问题。 仿写： 9.模板：独立主格结构（名词+doing)表伴随背景 中文：微风拂过湿地草木，大批候鸟安心降落觅食。 仿写： 10.模板：被动语态+介词+which引导定语从句 中文：这批环保物资将送往偏远保护区，当地巡查人员依靠物资开展日常管护。 仿写： 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1.:Many tourists will take part in beach clean-up activities if they are equipped with suitable collecting tools. 改写要求：f条件状语从句改为分词短语作条件状语 改写： 2.:Scientists who carry out regular field surveys can discover hidden risks threatening local wildlife 改写要求：who定语从句替换为现在分词后置定语 改写： 3.Because the local government has launched a series of low-carbon policies,carbon emissions have dropped obviously. 改写要求：because原因状语从句改为Having done分词状语 改写： 4.:We can effectively reduce waste.The method is sorting garbage in daily life. 改写要求：合并句子，使用by doing结构整合 改写： 5.:When people are exposed to natural scenery regularly,they can ease mental pressure effectively. 改写要求：when完整从句改为省略结构When doing. 改写： 6.:The ancient forest park attracts numerous visitors.It was rebuilt after the wildfire ten years ago. 改写要求：第二句改为过去分词后置定语 改写： 7.You cannot achieve ideal ecological protection results unless you unite forces of all residents. 改写要求：unless从句替换为without+名词短语结构 改写： 8.:Environmentalists hope that more citizens will choose public transport to cut carbon output. 改写要求：that宾语从句改为复合宾语结构(hope sb.todo) 改写： 9.:The project will be put off.Bad weather may continue for several days. 改写要求：合并为wth复合结构作原因状语 改写： 10.:What matters most is continuous action instead of empty slogans in environmental protection. 改写要求：What主语从句调整为t作形式主语句型 改写： 2026新课标I卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2026新课标I卷阅读理解命题考情 1. 四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2. 核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状语、独立主格、with复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3. 使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词，无超纲生词； 4. 训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5. 高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 · 拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； · 状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； · 定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； · 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； · 让步句式：no matter how = however；while/although/though均可表转折让步； · 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 A篇 应用文：场馆广告（SoFi Stadium） 长难句1 原句：SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 1. 主干：SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone；guests must enter through the exact gate 2. 语法： ① and连接两套独立主谓结构，构成并列复合句； ② in your assigned zone 介词短语作地点状语，修饰动词park； ③ indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass 过去分词后置定语，修饰名词gate。 3. 词汇： ① assigned adj. 指定的；zone n. 区域 ② color-coded digital parking pass 彩色电子停车凭证 翻译：索菲体育场要求大家必须停在指定区域，访客必须凭彩色电子停车凭证从对应专属入口入场。 长难句2 原句：For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together - spaces cannot be saved. 1. 主干：all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together；破折号分句spaces cannot be saved 2. 语法： ① For those wishing to park near friends 介词短语作条件状语，wishing为现在分词后置修饰those； ② for the same zone 介词短语后置修饰名词passes； ③ 破折号用于补充说明前文停车规则。 3. 词汇： ① vehicle n. 车辆 ② save space 预留车位 翻译：如果有人想和朋友就近停车，所有车辆必须持有同一区域停车证且一同抵达，车位不可预留。 B篇 记叙文：纸质词典（Words in Print） 长难句1 原句：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf 【that held at least three dictionaries】, and Kevin sighed dramatically. 1. 主干：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf；Kevin sighed dramatically 2. 语法： ① and连接两组主谓，形成并列主句； ② that held at least three dictionaries 限制性定语从句，先行词为bookshelf； ③ pointedly、dramatically为副词，分别作方式状语修饰looked、sighed。 3. 词汇： ① pointedly adv. 刻意地 ② dramatically adv. 夸张地；sigh v. 叹气 翻译：我特意看向摆着至少三本词典的书架，凯文夸张地叹了口气。 长难句2 原句：It took him a few tries to find the word in question. 【While going through the pages】, he kept saying, wide-eyed: "How can there be this many words?" 1. 主干：It took him a few tries to find the word；he kept saying（it为形式主语，真正主语是to find the word） 2. 语法： ① It took sb. sth. to do sth. 固定形式主语句型； ② in question 介词短语后置修饰名词the word； ③ While going through the pages 状语从句省略结构，完整形式While he was going through the pages； ④ wide-eyed形容词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语he。 3. 词汇： ① in question 谈及的，讨论中的 ② go through the pages 翻阅书页 翻译：他试了好几次才查到那个单词。他一边翻书页，一边瞪大双眼不停念叨：“怎么会有这么多单词？” 长难句3 原句：I decided 【that I wanted to learn as many words as I could】 and started marking every entry 【I looked up】 with a pencil to measure my progress. 1. 主干：I decided that... and started marking every entry 2. 语法： ① that引导宾语从句，作decided的宾语； ② as many words as I could 比较状语结构； ③ (that) I looked up 省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰entry； ④ to measure my progress 不定式作目的状语。 3. 词汇： ① entry n. 词典词条 ② measure progress 衡量进步 翻译：我下定决心尽可能多记单词，并用铅笔给每一个我查过的词条做标记，以此记录自己的进步。 长难句4 原句：It's not about the words themselves or 【how we learn them】, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1. 主干：It's not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite 2. 语法： ① how we learn them 宾语从句，与the words themselves并列作介词about的宾语； ② the wanting为动名词名词化，和curiosity、appetite并列。 3. 词汇： ① curiosity n. 好奇心 ② appetite n. 求知欲，内心渴望 翻译：学习的关键不在于单词本身或是学习单词的方式，而在于求知的渴望、好奇心与求知欲。 C篇 环保科普 长难句1 原句：Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone-a major factor in many breathing problems. 1. 主干：isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides 2. 语法： ① Harmless by itself 形容词短语前置作状语，修饰主语isoprene； ② released by vehicles, buildings and industry 过去分词后置定语，修饰nitrogen oxides； ③ to form ground-level ozone 不定式作结果状语； ④ a major factor in many breathing problems 同位语，解释ground-level ozone。 3. 词汇： ① isoprene n. 异戊二烯；nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物 ② ground-level ozone 近地面臭氧 翻译：异戊二烯本身无害，但它会和车辆、建筑、工业排放的污染性氮氧化物快速反应，生成近地面臭氧——这是引发多种呼吸道疾病的主要诱因。 长难句2 原句：The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found 【that 【if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings】, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%】. 1. 主干：The research found that... 2. 语法： ① carried out by scientists... 过去分词分隔主谓，插入式后置定语修饰research； ② that引导宾语从句，从句内部嵌套if引导的真实条件状语从句； ③ in new plantings、in Manhattan、in coming decades 多层介词短语后置修饰对应名词。 3. 词汇： ① institution n. 科研机构 ② species patterns 树种搭配模式；decade n. 十年 翻译：哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构的科学家开展的这项研究发现，如果纽约新栽树木延续以往的树种配比，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯排放量将上涨约140%。 长难句3 原句：Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. 主干：Oaks are keystone species 2. 语法： ① she pointed out 插入语，分割主句主干； ② providing food and habitat... 现在分词作伴随结果状语； ③ for native insects, birds and other animals 介词短语后置修饰food and habitat。 3. 词汇： ① keystone species 关键物种 ② habitat n. 栖息地；native adj. 本土的 翻译：她指出，橡树是关键物种，能为本土昆虫、鸟类及其他动物提供食物与栖息场所。 D篇 心理学实验 长难句1 原句：Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, 【while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself】. 1. 主干：Participants were randomly divided into two groups；冒号后对比句the "beauty" group was asked...；the control group just matched... 2. 语法： ① while引导并列对比分句，区分两组实验对象行为； ② (that) they viewed 省略关系代词限制性定语从句，修饰object； ③ of each object、of the object 介词短语后置定语。 3. 词汇： ① randomly adv. 随机地；rate v. 打分 ② control group 对照组；line drawing 线稿 翻译：参与者被随机分为两组：“审美组”需要主动思考并为每件展品的美感打分，而对照组仅需将展品线稿与实物匹配。 长难句2 原句：Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that 【it was the engagement with beauty】 【that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience】. 1. 主干：the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group 2. 语法： ① suggesting that... 现在分词作结果状语，引出实验结论； ② that引导宾语从句，从句内含it was...that...强调句型； ③ rather than 并列对比结构，连接两组对比宾语。 3. 词汇： ① engagement n. 沉浸，投入；abstract thinking 抽象思维 ② positivity n. 愉悦情绪 翻译：但重要的是，审美组并未表示自己比对照组更开心，这表明影响抽象思维的是对美的沉浸式感受，而非观赏过程带来的整体愉悦情绪。 长难句3 原句：It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that's when we think in ways 【that broaden our minds】. 1. 主干：It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander；that's when we think in ways 2. 语法： ① It is +adj.+to do 形式主语固定句型，it无实义； ② when引导表语从句，作系动词is的表语； ③ that broaden our minds 限制性定语从句修饰抽象名词ways。 3. 词汇： ① zone out 放空，走神 ② broaden one’s mind 开阔思维 翻译：单纯放空、任由思绪漫游的时刻越来越少，但恰恰是这种状态下，我们才能用拓展思维的方式思考。 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. Having gained widespread public support, the wildlife protection team plans to build more natural reserves to conserve endangered species. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Citizens who take part in urban green projects will receive practical training on how to maintain newly planted shrubs. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Researchers will continue observing animal migration patterns even if unexpected natural disasters break out halfway. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. When collecting field data about river pollution, investigators must wear protective equipment and record detailed water quality indicators. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Any visitor damaging rare plants growing within the national park will face strict punishment issued by environmental authorities. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. While advocating low-carbon lifestyles, environmental educators encourage residents to cut down unnecessary energy consumption in daily life. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The policy that limits single-use plastic products will be carried out across the whole region to reduce white pollution effectively. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Young participants taking part in ocean conservation activities need to learn basic knowledge about marine ecosystems ahead of time. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Scientists will conduct regular soil surveys wherever human activities may threaten the balance of local ecological systems. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Funds donated by environmentally friendly enterprises will be used to restore wetlands destroyed by unreasonable development years ago. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：It + be + adj. + to do sth. + that引导主语从句变体 中文：想要长久守护生态平衡，最重要的是减少人为对自然栖息地的侵扰。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：名词 + of which引导非限制性定语从句 中文：这片保护区拥有数百种珍稀物种，其中多数物种都依赖完整的湿地环境生存。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：as long as 引导条件状语从句，主句 中文：只要所有人共同践行环保理念，城市的生物多样性就能够稳步提升。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：with复合结构（with +宾语+done）作伴随状语，主句 中文：大量废弃渔网被清理完毕，海洋生物获得更加安全的栖息环境。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词 中文：我们拥有共同守护野生生物、修复受损自然环境的重大责任。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：形容词短语置于句首作状语，主句 中文：意识到气候变暖带来的危机，各国研究者不断探寻生态保护新方案。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：not only…but also…连接并列谓语 中文：环保项目不仅改善区域水质，还为众多水生生物创造稳定家园。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：whether引导宾语从句 中文：相关团队正在调研，大规模人工造林能否有效缓解局部土地沙化问题。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：独立主格结构（名词 + doing）表伴随背景 中文：微风拂过湿地草木，大批候鸟安心降落觅食。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：被动语态 + 介词+which引导定语从句 中文：这批环保物资将送往偏远保护区，当地巡查人员依靠物资开展日常管护。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. 原句：Many tourists will take part in beach clean-up activities if they are equipped with suitable collecting tools. 改写要求：if条件状语从句改为分词短语作条件状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 原句：Scientists who carry out regular field surveys can discover hidden risks threatening local wildlife. 改写要求：who定语从句替换为现在分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 原句：Because the local government has launched a series of low-carbon policies, carbon emissions have dropped obviously. 改写要求：because原因状语从句改为Having done分词状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 原句：We can effectively reduce waste. The method is sorting garbage in daily life. 改写要求：合并句子，使用by doing结构整合 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 原句：When people are exposed to natural scenery regularly, they can ease mental pressure effectively. 改写要求：when完整从句改为省略结构When doing… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 原句：The ancient forest park attracts numerous visitors. It was rebuilt after the wildfire ten years ago. 改写要求：第二句改为过去分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 原句：You cannot achieve ideal ecological protection results unless you unite forces of all residents. 改写要求：unless从句替换为without +名词短语结构 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 原句：Environmentalists hope that more citizens will choose public transport to cut carbon output. 改写要求：that宾语从句改为复合宾语结构（hope sb. to do） 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 原句：The project will be put off. Bad weather may continue for several days. 改写要求：合并为with复合结构作原因状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 原句：What matters most is continuous action instead of empty slogans in environmental protection. 改写要求：What主语从句调整为It作形式主语句型 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案 （长难句拆解） 1. 主干: the wildlife protection team plans to build more natural reserves 语法标注: ① Having gained... 现在分词完成式作句首原因状语； ② to conserve endangered species 不定式作目的状语。 翻译: 野生动物保护团队获得大众广泛支持，计划修建更多自然保护区以保护濒危物种。 2. 主干: Citizens will receive practical training 语法标注: ① who take part in urban green projects 限制性定语从句，先行词Citizens； ② how to maintain newly planted shrubs “疑问词+不定式”作介词on的宾语。 翻译: 参与城市绿化项目的市民将会接受关于养护新栽种灌木的实操培训。 3. 主干: Researchers will continue observing animal migration patterns 语法标注: ① even if 引导让步状语从句； ② observing 动名词作continue的宾语。 翻译: 即便中途遭遇突发自然灾害，研究人员仍会持续观测动物迁徙规律。 4. 主干: investigators must wear protective equipment and record detailed water quality indicators 语法标注: ① When collecting... 时间状语从句省略结构，完整形式When they are collecting...； ② about river pollution 介词短语后置修饰data。 翻译: 调查人员收集河流污染实地数据时，必须穿戴防护设备，并记录详细水质指标。 5. 主干: Any visitor will face strict punishment 语法标注: ① damaging rare plants 现在分词后置定语修饰visitor； ② growing within the national park 现在分词后置定语修饰plants； ③ issued by environmental authorities 过去分词后置定语修饰punishment。 翻译: 任何损毁国家公园内珍稀植物的游客，都将面临环保部门出台的严厉处罚。 6.主干: environmental educators encourage residents to cut down unnecessary energy consumption 语法标注: ① While advocating... 时间状语从句省略结构，完整形式While they are advocating...； ② to cut down... 不定式作宾语补足语。 翻译: 在倡导低碳生活方式的同时，环保讲师鼓励居民减少日常生活中非必要的能源消耗。 7. 主干: The policy will be carried out 语法标注: ① that limits single-use plastic products 限制性定语从句，先行词The policy； ② to reduce white pollution effectively 不定式作目的状语。 翻译: 这项限制一次性塑料制品的政策将在全区域推行，从而有效减少白色污染。 8. 主干: Young participants need to learn basic knowledge 语法标注: ① taking part in ocean conservation activities 现在分词后置定语修饰participants； ② about marine ecosystems 介词短语后置修饰knowledge。 翻译: 参与海洋保护活动的青年参与者需要提前学习海洋生态系统相关基础知识。 9. 主干: Scientists will conduct regular soil surveys 语法标注: ① wherever 引导地点状语从句； ② of local ecological systems 介词短语后置修饰balance。 翻译: 在人类活动可能威胁当地生态平衡的所有区域，科学家都会开展定期土壤调研。 10. 主干: Funds will be used 语法标注: ① donated by environmentally friendly enterprises 过去分词后置定语修饰Funds； ② to restore wetlands 不定式作目的状语； ③ destroyed by unreasonable development years ago 过去分词后置定语修饰wetlands。 翻译: 环保企业捐赠的资金将用于修复多年前因不合理开发遭到破坏的湿地。 （句型仿写） 1. It is vital to preserve ecological balance in the long run that human disturbance to natural habitats should be reduced. 2. The reserve is home to hundreds of rare species, most of which rely on intact wetland environments to survive. 3. As long as everyone practices environmental ideas together, urban biodiversity can improve steadily. 4. With lots of abandoned fishing nets cleared away, marine species gain a safer living environment. 5. We bear the great responsibility to protect wild creatures and repair damaged natural environments. 6. Aware of the crisis caused by climate warming, researchers worldwide keep exploring new ecological protection solutions. 7. Environmental projects not only improve regional water quality but also build stable homes for many aquatic creatures. 8. Relevant teams are researching whether large-scale artificial afforestation can ease local land desertification effectively. 9. Gentle winds sweeping across wetland plants, quantities of migratory birds land safely to search for food. 10. The environmental supplies will be sent to remote reserves, with which local patrol staff carry out daily management. （长难句改写） 1. Equipped with suitable collecting tools, many tourists will take part in beach clean-up activities. 2. Scientists carrying out regular field surveys can discover hidden risks threatening local wildlife. 3. Having launched a series of low-carbon policies, the local government has made carbon emissions drop obviously. 4. We can effectively reduce waste by sorting garbage in daily life. 5. When exposed to natural scenery regularly, people can ease mental pressure effectively. 6. The ancient forest park rebuilt after the wildfire ten years ago attracts numerous visitors. 7. You cannot achieve ideal ecological protection results without uniting forces of all residents. 8. Environmentalists hope more citizens to choose public transport to cut carbon output. 9. The project will be put off, with bad weather possibly continuing for several days. 10. It is continuous action instead of empty slogans that matters most in environmental protection. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026新课标I卷英语阅读专项精讲讲义 适配高三一轮阅读专项训练，包含原文翻译、逐篇长难句精讲（主干划分+语法考点+熟词生义+写作迁移）、三层递进句式专项练习。 一、前置导学：2026新课标I卷阅读理解命题考情 1. 四篇标准体裁全覆盖：志愿活动应用文、人物叙事记叙文、媒介对比说明文、生物科研科普文，完全贴合新高考阅读四大必考文体； 2. 核心语法覆盖：非谓语动词、多种定语从句（限制性/非限制性）、让步/条件/目的状语从句、分词作状语、独立主格、with复合结构、宾语从句、同位语；本次配套习题全部替换句式，规避原卷同类考点重复； 3. 使用场景：高三一轮专项突破、课堂逐篇精讲、学生自主精读长难句；全部词汇均为高考3500核心词，无超纲生词； 4. 训练逻辑：拆解理解→句式变换→写作输出，三步打通阅读与读后续写、应用文写作壁垒。 5. 高考阅读长难句解题技巧总结 · 拆分步骤：先划去分词、介词短语、插入语，锁定主谓核心主干； · 状语区分：while/when后doing为省略主语时间状语；with复合结构表伴随背景； · 定语区分：doing表主动/进行；done表被动/完成；that/who/which修饰名词； · 名词性从句：what/all that作主语；that/if/whether作宾语； · 让步句式：no matter how = however；while/although/though均可表转折让步； · 写作迁移：所有拆解句式均可直接套用在读后续写、应用文提升文采。 二、四篇阅读长难句精讲 A篇 应用文：场馆广告（SoFi Stadium） 长难句1 原句：SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. 1. 主干：SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone；guests must enter through the exact gate 2. 语法： ① and连接两套独立主谓结构，构成并列复合句； ② in your assigned zone 介词短语作地点状语，修饰动词park； ③ indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass 过去分词后置定语，修饰名词gate。 3. 词汇： ① assigned adj. 指定的；zone n. 区域 ② color-coded digital parking pass 彩色电子停车凭证 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together - spaces cannot be saved. 1. 主干：all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together；破折号分句spaces cannot be saved 2. 语法： ① For those wishing to park near friends 介词短语作条件状语，wishing为现在分词后置修饰those； ② for the same zone 介词短语后置修饰名词passes； ③ 破折号用于补充说明前文停车规则。 3. 词汇： ① vehicle n. 车辆 ② save space 预留车位 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ B篇 记叙文：纸质词典（Words in Print） 长难句1 原句：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf 【that held at least three dictionaries】, and Kevin sighed dramatically. 1. 主干：I looked pointedly at the bookshelf；Kevin sighed dramatically 2. 语法： ① and连接两组主谓，形成并列主句； ② that held at least three dictionaries 限制性定语从句，先行词为bookshelf； ③ pointedly、dramatically为副词，分别作方式状语修饰looked、sighed。 3. 词汇： ① pointedly adv. 刻意地 ② dramatically adv. 夸张地；sigh v. 叹气 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：It took him a few tries to find the word in question. 【While going through the pages】, he kept saying, wide-eyed: "How can there be this many words?" 1. 主干：It took him a few tries to find the word；he kept saying（it为形式主语，真正主语是to find the word） 2. 语法： ① It took sb. sth. to do sth. 固定形式主语句型； ② in question 介词短语后置修饰名词the word； ③ While going through the pages 状语从句省略结构，完整形式While he was going through the pages； ④ wide-eyed形容词短语作伴随状语，修饰主语he。 3. 词汇： ① in question 谈及的，讨论中的 ② go through the pages 翻阅书页 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：I decided 【that I wanted to learn as many words as I could】 and started marking every entry 【I looked up】 with a pencil to measure my progress. 1. 主干：I decided that... and started marking every entry 2. 语法： ① that引导宾语从句，作decided的宾语； ② as many words as I could 比较状语结构； ③ (that) I looked up 省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰entry； ④ to measure my progress 不定式作目的状语。 3. 词汇： ① entry n. 词典词条 ② measure progress 衡量进步 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句4 原句：It's not about the words themselves or 【how we learn them】, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 1. 主干：It's not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite 2. 语法： ① how we learn them 宾语从句，与the words themselves并列作介词about的宾语； ② the wanting为动名词名词化，和curiosity、appetite并列。 3. 词汇： ① curiosity n. 好奇心 ② appetite n. 求知欲，内心渴望 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ C篇 环保科普 长难句1 原句：Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone-a major factor in many breathing problems. 1. 主干：isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides 2. 语法： ① Harmless by itself 形容词短语前置作状语，修饰主语isoprene； ② released by vehicles, buildings and industry 过去分词后置定语，修饰nitrogen oxides； ③ to form ground-level ozone 不定式作结果状语； ④ a major factor in many breathing problems 同位语，解释ground-level ozone。 3. 词汇： ① isoprene n. 异戊二烯；nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物 ② ground-level ozone 近地面臭氧 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found 【that 【if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings】, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%】. 1. 主干：The research found that... 2. 语法： ① carried out by scientists... 过去分词分隔主谓，插入式后置定语修饰research； ② that引导宾语从句，从句内部嵌套if引导的真实条件状语从句； ③ in new plantings、in Manhattan、in coming decades 多层介词短语后置修饰对应名词。 3. 词汇： ① institution n. 科研机构 ② species patterns 树种搭配模式；decade n. 十年 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1. 主干：Oaks are keystone species 2. 语法： ① she pointed out 插入语，分割主句主干； ② providing food and habitat... 现在分词作伴随结果状语； ③ for native insects, birds and other animals 介词短语后置修饰food and habitat。 3. 词汇： ① keystone species 关键物种 ② habitat n. 栖息地；native adj. 本土的 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ D篇 心理学实验 长难句1 原句：Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, 【while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself】. 1. 主干：Participants were randomly divided into two groups；冒号后对比句the "beauty" group was asked...；the control group just matched... 2. 语法： ① while引导并列对比分句，区分两组实验对象行为； ② (that) they viewed 省略关系代词限制性定语从句，修饰object； ③ of each object、of the object 介词短语后置定语。 3. 词汇： ① randomly adv. 随机地；rate v. 打分 ② control group 对照组；line drawing 线稿 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句2 原句：Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that 【it was the engagement with beauty】 【that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience】. 1. 主干：the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group 2. 语法： ① suggesting that... 现在分词作结果状语，引出实验结论； ② that引导宾语从句，从句内含it was...that...强调句型； ③ rather than 并列对比结构，连接两组对比宾语。 3. 词汇： ① engagement n. 沉浸，投入；abstract thinking 抽象思维 ② positivity n. 愉悦情绪 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句3 原句：It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that's when we think in ways 【that broaden our minds】. 1. 主干：It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander；that's when we think in ways 2. 语法： ① It is +adj.+to do 形式主语固定句型，it无实义； ② when引导表语从句，作系动词is的表语； ③ that broaden our minds 限制性定语从句修饰抽象名词ways。 3. 词汇： ① zone out 放空，走神 ② broaden one’s mind 开阔思维 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、专项练习题 长难句拆解专项 要求：划出句子主干，标注从句类型/非谓语功能，完整翻译整句 1. Having gained widespread public support, the wildlife protection team plans to build more natural reserves to conserve endangered species. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Citizens who take part in urban green projects will receive practical training on how to maintain newly planted shrubs. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Researchers will continue observing animal migration patterns even if unexpected natural disasters break out halfway. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. When collecting field data about river pollution, investigators must wear protective equipment and record detailed water quality indicators. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Any visitor damaging rare plants growing within the national park will face strict punishment issued by environmental authorities. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. While advocating low-carbon lifestyles, environmental educators encourage residents to cut down unnecessary energy consumption in daily life. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The policy that limits single-use plastic products will be carried out across the whole region to reduce white pollution effectively. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Young participants taking part in ocean conservation activities need to learn basic knowledge about marine ecosystems ahead of time. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Scientists will conduct regular soil surveys wherever human activities may threaten the balance of local ecological systems. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Funds donated by environmentally friendly enterprises will be used to restore wetlands destroyed by unreasonable development years ago. 主干：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型仿写写作迁移 模仿对应长难句语法结构，根据中文提示完成英文造句 1. 模板：It + be + adj. + to do sth. + that引导主语从句变体 中文：想要长久守护生态平衡，最重要的是减少人为对自然栖息地的侵扰。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 模板：名词 + of which引导非限制性定语从句 中文：这片保护区拥有数百种珍稀物种，其中多数物种都依赖完整的湿地环境生存。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 模板：as long as 引导条件状语从句，主句 中文：只要所有人共同践行环保理念，城市的生物多样性就能够稳步提升。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 模板：with复合结构（with +宾语+done）作伴随状语，主句 中文：大量废弃渔网被清理完毕，海洋生物获得更加安全的栖息环境。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 模板：不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词 中文：我们拥有共同守护野生生物、修复受损自然环境的重大责任。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 模板：形容词短语置于句首作状语，主句 中文：意识到气候变暖带来的危机，各国研究者不断探寻生态保护新方案。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 模板：not only…but also…连接并列谓语 中文：环保项目不仅改善区域水质，还为众多水生生物创造稳定家园。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 模板：whether引导宾语从句 中文：相关团队正在调研，大规模人工造林能否有效缓解局部土地沙化问题。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 模板：独立主格结构（名词 + doing）表伴随背景 中文：微风拂过湿地草木，大批候鸟安心降落觅食。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 模板：被动语态 + 介词+which引导定语从句 中文：这批环保物资将送往偏远保护区，当地巡查人员依靠物资开展日常管护。 仿写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 长难句改写 严格按照改写提示变换句式，句意保持不变 1. 原句：Many tourists will take part in beach clean-up activities if they are equipped with suitable collecting tools. 改写要求：if条件状语从句改为分词短语作条件状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 原句：Scientists who carry out regular field surveys can discover hidden risks threatening local wildlife. 改写要求：who定语从句替换为现在分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 原句：Because the local government has launched a series of low-carbon policies, carbon emissions have dropped obviously. 改写要求：because原因状语从句改为Having done分词状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 原句：We can effectively reduce waste. The method is sorting garbage in daily life. 改写要求：合并句子，使用by doing结构整合 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 原句：When people are exposed to natural scenery regularly, they can ease mental pressure effectively. 改写要求：when完整从句改为省略结构When doing… 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 原句：The ancient forest park attracts numerous visitors. It was rebuilt after the wildfire ten years ago. 改写要求：第二句改为过去分词后置定语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 原句：You cannot achieve ideal ecological protection results unless you unite forces of all residents. 改写要求：unless从句替换为without +名词短语结构 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 原句：Environmentalists hope that more citizens will choose public transport to cut carbon output. 改写要求：that宾语从句改为复合宾语结构（hope sb. to do） 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 原句：The project will be put off. Bad weather may continue for several days. 改写要求：合并为with复合结构作原因状语 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 原句：What matters most is continuous action instead of empty slogans in environmental protection. 改写要求：What主语从句调整为It作形式主语句型 改写：________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $