选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger 课后检测能力达标（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（外研版）

**基本信息** 以跨学科语篇为载体，融合细节定位、逻辑归纳等解题方法，构建“语言能力-思维品质-文化意识”三维训练体系。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|1篇世界杯用球设计|细节题定位原文关键句、段落大意归纳核心原理|科技（空气阻力）与体育用品设计的跨学科整合，体现科学思维| |阅读理解B|1篇运动员心理|词义猜测上下文语境推断、推理题立足原文逻辑|心理学与社会现象结合，培养问题分析与解决能力| |完形填空|1篇环保实践|上下文语境分析、词汇情感色彩辨析|环保行动与个人成长的价值导向，渗透责任意识| |语法填空|1篇踢毽子历史|词法（冠词、非谓语）与句法（定语从句）规则应用|文化传承与语言知识的融合，提升文化理解|

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [课标新变化：图文结合，语篇多模态呈现] 　　(2026·江西高三月考)While players train hard for the FIFA World Cup，experts also work behind the scenes to design the perfect match ball.The 2026 World Cup ball is named Trionda，meaning“three waves” in Spanish，which celebrates the three host nations—the U．S.，Mexico and Canada.What really makes the Trionda unique is its design.It consists of only four panels，the smallest number in World Cup history.This is a significant change from the 20-paneled ball used in 2022. 　　The design of a soccer ball is based on 3D shapes called platonic solids (柏拉图立体).The classic Telstar ball，used in 1970，comes from the icosahedron with 20 triangle (三角形) faces.By cutting off its corners，designers turned it into a rounder ball. 　　The 2026 Trionda ball is based on a tetrahedron，which seems the least ball-like.The trick is in the panels：their edges are curves (曲线) that fit together to form a round shape.This design idea also appeared in the Brazuca ball from 2014，which was based on a cube. 　　Basing the Trionda on a tetrahedron might be a risky choice，since the last match ball based on that shape was widely criticized.That was the Jabulani from 2010，which combined cutting off a tetrahedron's corners to make eight faces and turning their edges into curves.Despite its roundest shape，players complained it was unpredictable in the air. 　　So why didn't the Jabulani work as intended？When a ball flies through the air, it faces a force called drag，which slows it down.Normally，drag becomes smaller after the ball reaches a certain speed.But if the ball is too smooth, this “critical speed” becomes very high，and the ball may fly in strange ways.That is why golf balls have tiny holes—to reduce drag and make their movement more stable. 　　To minimize drag，experts designed Trionda with small holes and special seams (线缝).This makes its surface less smooth and the ball easier for players to control during a match. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2026年美加墨足球世界杯比赛用球的设计原理和制作工艺。 1．Why is the Trionda ball special? A．It uses the fewest panels. B．It has the smallest size. C．It is designed by three hosts. D．It is named after a Spaniard. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What really makes the Trionda unique...in World Cup history.”可知，Trionda足球最特别的地方在于其使用的拼片在世界杯历史上是最少的。 2．What can we learn about the design of the Trionda ball? A．It's adapted from the classic Telstar ball. B．It shares the same shape with the Brazuca. C．It involves cutting the corners of an icosahedron. D．It's made round by a curved-edged tetrahedron. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Trionda 足球基于四面体，其边缘是曲线，这些曲线拼接在一起能形成圆形。 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The challenge of the Trionda's design. B．The training strategy for soccer players. C．The science behind the Jabulani's problem. D．The physical risk of playing ball games. C　解析：段落大意题。根据第五段中的“it faces a force called drag，which slows it down”及“That is why golf balls...movement more stable.”可知，本段具体讲了Jabulani足球不能够保持飞行轨迹稳定的背后原理。 4．How did experts improve the Trionda ball's performance? A．By controlling its speed. B．By roughening its surface. C．By changing its materials. D．By minimizing its weight. B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，专家们通过在球的表面设计小洞和特殊的线缝来让球表面不那么光滑，从而能让球员在比赛中更好地控制球。 B 　　(2026·武汉调研)Olympic athletes pour everything into training for the Games, routinely pushing their physical and mental bounds to the limit—and beyond—for a shot at a gold medal. Yet they are often accompanied by an emotional comedown. 　　Emotions are heightened by the nature of the event itself. The Olympics are a massive cultural event—a combination of global public attention, financial investment and media coverage. New international celebrities are created，and some competitors' reputations are ruined during various accusations. Athletes are under the pressure of representing their country and winning medals in front of worldwide audience.“But then all of that publicity and intensity around being an Olympian falls off very quickly，”says Cogan, a lead sports psychologist. It's more about making a map of how to get to a destination. Once you get there, it's like, “Now what？” 　　A paper explained the identity crises athletes face as a result of overfocus on performance，leaving their non-sporting personalities underdeveloped. In another paper, Howells wrote that athletes with a greater “myopic” focus are more at risk of the “blues”．“It is common for top competitors to have this very high athletic identity，”says Howells. “They've sacrificed (牺牲) every other aspect of their identity for the purpose of being an Olympian. They seem unable to realize that their actions might have negative consequences in the future.” 　　Efforts to minimize this mindset have helped some athletes to open up more about their mental health. Experts advise Olympians to start conversations about mental health support well before the Games begin. Olympians should also discuss mental health monitoring strategies before, during and after the Games. Athletes and experts say the sporting industry has, in the last decade, been promoting better work-life balance outside of the game. Briana, a soccer goalkeeper, says that her team and coaches actively encourage spending quality time with families and significant others, as well as finding hobbies that feel joyful and rewarding. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了奥运会运动员在赛后面临的情绪低落和身份危机问题，并提供了应对策略。 5．What is the main cause for Olympic athletes' mental breakdown? A．A sense of loss. B．The pressure of competition. C．The media coverage. D．The audience's attention. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But then all of...‘Now what？’”可知，奥运会运动员在比赛后产生了巨大的心理落差。 6．What does the underlined word “myopic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ridiculous. B．Short-sighted. C．All-around. D．Unexpected. B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“A paper explained...non-sporting personalities underdeveloped.”并结合画线词所在句可知，过于专注于运动表现的运动员的非体育人格没有发展完善，而这导致了他们的身份危机。因此，画线词应与过度专注于某个方面(即“短视”)相关。 7．What might be a fundamental solution to the athletes' identity crisis? A．Having higher athletic identity. B．Discussing their problems publicly. C．Developing a sense of identity outside the sport. D．Making greater achievements in sporting industry. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Athletes and experts...joyful and rewarding.”可知，解决身份危机的根本方法是在运动之外发展自我认同感。 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．From Bad to Worse: Athletes' Well-being B．Olympic Athletes Suffering from Stress C．Athletes Adapting to Post-Olympic Period D．From Hero to Zero: the Post-Olympic Blues D　解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了奥运会运动员在赛后面临的情绪低落和身份危机问题，并提供了应对策略。D项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　(2026·南京、盐城调研测试)When Mysha decided to improve fitness in late 2019, taking up running was a no-brainer. She lives in a beautiful town on Scotland's east coast, so she found 1 wasn't so bad, with breathtaking scenery. 　　Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running, something started to 2 her—the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter. 3 ， she was always doing a little litter-picking, but when she saw an American runner online talking about plogging, a new 4 emerging among runners, she was excited to try it out for herself. Plogging 5 in Sweden, and the word comes from the Swedish word “ploka”， meaning “to 6 while jogging”. Mysha started following a(n) 7 online called Environmental Fitness and began to take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 8 ． 　　It wasn't long before she uncovered some of the upsetting 9 of littering. She started to find 10 chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment and small animals 11 in plastic bottles struggling to chew their way out. These discoveries made Mysha even more 12 about litter picking. She joined a local litter-picking group and was soon asked to 13 leadership of the group. Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped, Mysha and her fellow litter-pickers 14 to get out and plog. 　　“The thought of keeping other people's spirits up and seeing their 15 spread to more people keeps me going. Together, we can achieve amazing things！” Mysha says. 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了米莎在跑步过程中发现了一些环境问题，受到启发后开始边跑边捡垃圾，并加入当地组织，承担领导职责，激励自己持续行动的故事。 1．A．jogging B．skating C．cycling D．hiking A　解析：根据上文“When Mysha...taking up running was a no-brainer.”可知，她选择的运动是慢跑(jogging)。 2．A．assist B．excite C．bother D．amuse C　解析：根据下文“the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter”可知，她跑步时路过的海滩和小路上到处都是垃圾，这一问题开始困扰(bother)她。 3．A．Proudly B．Actually C．Secretly D．Luckily B　解析：根据下文“she was always doing a little litter-picking”可知，实际上(actually)她一直在捡垃圾。 4．A．trend B．skill C．lesson D．trick A　解析：根据下文“Plogging...comes from the Swedish word ‘ploka’， meaning ‘to_______ while jogging’．”可知， plogging是在跑步者中兴起的一种新趋势(trend)。 5．A．existed B．renewed C．advanced D．originated D　解析：根据下文“the word comes from the Swedish word ‘ploka’”可知，plogging起源于(originate)瑞典。 6．A．relax B．pick C．think D．recycle B　解析：根据下文“take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with ______”“litter picking”和“litter-pickers”可知，plogging表示在慢跑时捡(pick)垃圾。 7．A．order B．rule C．initiative D．tradition C　解析：根据语境可知，Environmental Fitness是一个线上倡议活动(initiative)。 8．A．food B．clothes C．tools D．waste D　解析：根据下文“litter picking”和“litter-pickers”可知，她带着购物袋跑步是为了装垃圾(waste)。 9．A．truths B．processes C．instances D．consequences D　解析：根据下文“chemicals contained in batteries ...chew their way out”可知，这些都是乱扔垃圾带来的后果(consequence)。 10．A．rare B．poisonous C．organic D．unstable B　解析：根据下文“chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment”并结合常识可知，电池中的化学物质通常是有毒的(poisonous)。 11．A．raised B．trapped C．placed D．buried B　解析：根据下文“struggling to chew their way out”可知，小动物们是被困在(trap)塑料瓶中无法出去。 12．A．curious B．worried C．passionate D．confused C　解析：根据下文“She joined a local litter-picking group...to get out and plog.”可知，这些发现让她对捡垃圾更有热情(passionate)。 13．A．take over B．insist on C．turn down D．rise to A　解析：根据上文“She joined a local litter-picking group and was soon asked to ”和下文“leadership of the group”可知，她被邀请接管(take over)小组领导权。 14．A．ceased B．hesitated C．attempted D．continued D　解析：根据上文“Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped”和下文“to get out and plog”可知，尽管垃圾量很大，他们还是继续(continue)出去边跑边捡垃圾。 15．A．actions B．dreams C．hobbies D．memories A　解析：根据上文提到的米莎和同伴们的行为可知，他们的行为(action)能感染更多人。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　(2026·长春第一次质检)Despite being a lesser-known Chinese sport, the game of jianzi is definitely familiar to people in Asia. Who hasn't seen a group of elderly men kicking around 1.____________ colourful, feathered shuttlecock (毽子) in the park? 　　Dating all the way back 2.____________ the ancient Zhou Dynasty of China, the sport of jianzi was mainly played among Chinese youth as a 3.____________(create) way to exercise. It is believed that the fundamental gameplay and style came from a football-like game 4.____________(name) cuju. 　　Due to the game's simplicity and ease of play, many children created makeshift shuttlecocks at home, 5.____________(use) round pieces of lead or tin with chicken feathers. During the war-torn Dynasties of Han and Song from 207 to 906 AD, the 6.____________(popular) of jianzi exploded. Leaders used the game 7.____________(train) their troops alongside military exercises. 　　In 1933, China hosted the first national jianzi competition after the sport's massive rise. A movie 8.____________ talked about the game won a gold medal at an international film festival in 1961, further spreading the word about the sport. In 1984, jianzi 9.____________(recognize) officially as a Chinese national sport, and that same year saw the creation of the Hong Kong-based team, Amateur Union of Shuttlecock. By 1994, the Hong Kong team 10.____________(steady) grew into a reformed union known as the Hong Kong Association of Shuttlecock (HKSA). 　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了踢毽子运动的历史渊源和发展历程。 1．a　解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用冠词。shuttlecock为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且空后的colourful的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．to　解析：考查介词。date back to为固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。 3．creative　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词way，应用形容词。 4．named　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，修饰空前的名词game，两者之间构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 5．using　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，主语many children与use之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。 6．popularity　解析：考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词形式。 7．to train　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为动词不定式作目的状语。 8．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是movie，指物，应用关系代词that/which。 9．was recognized　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1984可知，应用一般过去时；主语jianzi是第三人称单数，与recognize之间为被动关系，空处应用was recognized。 be recognized as...意为“被认为是……”。 10．steadily　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词grew，应用副词。 阅读 理解 A篇 [高频词]significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的　risky adj.有危险(或风险)的　intend v．打算，计划，想要　[障碍词]behind the scenes 在幕后　[熟词生义]drag (常用义)v.拖，拉，拽 (文章义)n.空气阻力 阅读 理解 B篇 [高频词]pour sth. into sth.大量投入(金钱)于某事物　massive adj.巨大的　combination n．结合，组合　coverage n．覆盖范围；新闻报道　[障碍词]accusation n．指控；指责　publicity n．宣传，报道，关注 完形 填空 [障碍词]plogging n．跑步捡垃圾　try out试验；测验　upsetting adj.令人不快(或忧虑、苦恼)的　volume n．量 语法 填空 [高频词]simplicity n．简单(性)，容易(性)　explode v．突增，激增　spread the word about sth.宣传，传播　[障碍词]makeshift adj.临时替代的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $