板块1 专题3 第2讲 形容词和副词（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语语法串讲高分写作

该高中英语讲义聚焦形容词和副词高考核心考点，涵盖基本用法、比较等级及词形转换，按“考点解析-真题示例-要点归纳”逻辑架构知识体系。通过梳理句法功能、比较句型及词缀规则，结合近三年高考真题讲练，帮助学生构建完整知识网络，突破语法应用难点。 资料以“真题导向-策略赋能-素养提升”为特色，创新采用词形转换口诀记忆、比较等级句型写作迁移等方法，如通过“the+比较级...the+比较级...”句型训练培养思维品质。设置单句填空、语篇填空及写作运用分层练习，助力学生高效提升语言能力，为教师提供精准复习路径，保障复习实效。

第二讲　形容词和副词 考点一　形容词和副词的基本用法 1.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the (1)____________ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, (2)____________ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (1)strategic　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词placement，应用形容词strategic作定语，意为“战略性的，策略的”。 (2)digitally　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词generated，应用副词digitally作状语，意为“数字地”。 2.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____________ (center) heating doesn't exist. central　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词heating，应用形容词central作定语，意为“中央的，中心的”。 3.(2025·八省联考)At the same time, a language and its individual ____________ (write) forms make up the “soul” of a nation's cultural tradition. written　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词forms，应用形容词written，作前置定语，意为“书写的”。 要点一　形容词的句法功能 形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征，可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。 1.通常只作表语的形容词：(1)以“a-”开头的形容词：afraid(害怕的)、alone(孤单的)、alive(活着的)、alike(相似的)、ashamed(羞愧的)、awake(醒着的)等； (2)content、worth、ill、sure、well等。 2.通常不用“人”作主语的形容词：possible、impossible、probable、convenient、necessary等。 3.形容词作状语时，表示主语所处的状态。其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 要点二　副词的句法功能 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子，作状语，此外副词还可作表语、宾语补足语等。 1.有些副词如fortunately、luckily、surprisingly、honestly、actually、personally等作状语时往往修饰整个句子，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。 2.常考的连接性副词：though(然而、可是)一般用于句末，表转折；meanwhile(在此期间)；therefore/thus/consequently(因此、所以)表结果；moreover/furthermore/besides/additionally(而且、此外)表并列、递进或顺承；however(然而)表转折；instead(相反、代替)；anyway/anyhow(尽管、即使这样)表让步；otherwise(否则)。 3.意义不同的同根副词 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ____________(function) structure that is also beautiful. functional　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处与protective并列，修饰空后的名词structure，应用形容词形式。 2.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)In cold weather，the structure stays ____________ (close) to protect the plants. closed　解析：考查形容词。空处位于系动词stays之后作表语，应用形容词形式。 3.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ____________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time. rarely　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词enough，应用副词形式。 4.(2023 ·全国甲卷)____________(difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. Different　解析：考查形容词。 be different from意为“与……不同”，是固定短语。此处作状语，应去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。 5.(2023·浙江卷1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly，lined by ____________ (space) homes and walled gardens. spacious　解析：考查形容词。空处应用形容词spacious作定语修饰homes，意为“宽敞的”。 考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级 1.(2025·北京卷)When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____________ (long). longer　解析：考查形容词比较级。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。 2.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ____________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. largest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词 the 和空后的名词短语United States national park 可知，本句暗含着黄石国家公园与美国所有国家公园之间的比较，空处应用形容词的最高级形式。 3.(2023 ·浙江卷1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____________(simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. simpler　解析：考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的far smaller并列，表示“在设计和装饰方面更简单”，应用形容词的比较级形式。 要点一　比较等级的变化规则 1.规则变化 情　况 变化规则 原　级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 加-er/-est small smaller smallest 以不发音字母e结尾的词 加-r/-st large larger largest 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-er/-est easy easier easiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 词前加more/most inter- esting more interesting most int- eresting 【名师点津】　(1)有少数双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级；如common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、cruel、stupid、secure等； (2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect、favorite等，没有比较等级。 2.不规则变化 原　级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest far farther(只指距离)更远的 farthest(只指距离)最远的 further(指距离或程度)更远的，更进一步的 furthest(指距离或程度)最远的，最深入的 要点二　比较等级常用句型 等　级 形　式 意　义 原级 as＋adj./adv.(原级) ＋as...　 和……一样…… as＋adj.(原级)＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋as... not as/so...as... 不如……那样…… 比较级 比较级＋than 比……更…… the＋比较级＋of the two＋可数名词复数 两者中较……的那个 比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越…… the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 越……，就越…… 最高级 the＋最高级＋比较范围(in/of/among...) 最…… 比较级＋than any other ＋单数名词 比任何一个……都…… 比较级＋than all other＋名词复数 比其他所有……都…… 比较级＋than anything/anyone else/any of the other＋名词复数 比任何一个……都…… 否定词＋比较级 表示最高级含义 【名师点津】　比较等级常见标志词： (1)出现much、far、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等标志词时应用比较级； (2)空后有in、of、among等表范围的标志词时应用最高级； (3)空前有定冠词the、one of the、“the＋序数词”等修饰词时应用最高级。 要点三　倍数句型 1.A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B 2.A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B 3.A＋is＋倍数＋the＋计量名词(size、length、height等)＋of＋B 4.The＋计量名词＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B 5.A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. largest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词短语tea-producing country并结合常识可知，此处表示“最大的产茶国”，应用形容词的最高级形式。 2.In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ____________(high) mountain. highest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的Africa's和空后的mountain并结合常识可知，此处表示“非洲最高的山脉”，应用形容词的最高级形式。 3.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____________ (hot) the spring! hotter　解析：考查形容词比较级。此处是固定结构“the ＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，意为“越……，就越……”。 4.When the house was built, it was much ____________ (small) than it is today. smaller　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据空前的much和空后的than可知，此处表示“这座房子建成时比现在小得多”，应用形容词的比较级形式。 5.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. lower　解析：考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且空处与后面的higher和fewer是并列关系，应用比较级形式。 考点三　形容词和副词的词形转换 1.(2025·北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It's ____________ (peace), especially around sunset. peaceful　解析：考查形容词。is后接形容词作表语，peace的形容词形式是peaceful，意为“宁静的”。 2.(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ____________(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. tasty　解析：考查形容词。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，应用形容词。 3.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)So, what are they learning？____________(basic), how to describe a panda's life. Basically　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 4.(2023 ·全国乙卷)The ____________ (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. remarkable　解析：考查形容词。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。 5.(2023·浙江卷1月)The term “hutong”， ____________ (original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. originally　解析：考查副词。空处修饰非谓语动词meaning，应用副词。 要点一　常考形容词后缀 构　成 意　义 例　词 名词＋-y 充满……的 wind→windy wealth→wealthy 名词/动词＋-ful　 充满……的； 有……倾向的 wonder→wonderful use→useful power→powerful peace→peaceful 名词＋-al/-ial 与……有关的 person→personal　 face→facial 名词＋-ous 有……性质的 glory→glorious　 humor→humorous 名词＋-ish 有……性质的 child→childish　 self→selfish 名词/动词＋-ible/-able 能……的；可……的 access→accessible reason→reasonable 名词/动词＋-ive 有……性质的 expense→expensive attract→attractive create→creative 名词/动词＋ -ly 有……特征的 friend→friendly time→timely cost→costly 名词/动词＋ -less 没有……的 end→endless aim→aimless 名词＋-en 由……制成的 wood→wooden 名词＋-ern ……方向的 south→southern 名词/动词＋ -ate 具有……性质的 fortune→fortunate consider→considerate 要点二　形容词变副词的规则 类　别 例　词 一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly anxious→anxiously 以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly immediate→immediately polite→politely true→truly 以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y probable→probably (特殊情况：whole→wholly) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly happy→happily (特殊情况：dry→drily/dryly、shy→shyly) 以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally economic→economically basic→basically 以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y full→fully dull→dully 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). meaningful　解析：考查形容词。此处是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词meaningful作宾语补足语。 2.They both fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV. asleep　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作表语。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”。 3.When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. accidentally　解析：考查副词。空处应用副词修饰动词slipped。 4.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ____________(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. roughly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰数字应用副词roughly，意为“粗略地；大约”。 5.She doesn't work in summer, as it would be ____________(unpleasant) hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. unpleasantly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰形容词hot，应用unpleasant的副词形式。 1.用形容词短语作状语提升句式 【典例】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ读后续写)我感到既紧张又兴奋，慢慢地站起来。 Nervous and excited, I stood up slowly. 【运用】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ读后续写)我勉强挤出一个笑容，不确定该如何进一步回应。 I forced a smile, unsure__how__to__respond__further. 2.副词的名词化表达 某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger、 anxiously＝with anxiety、 curiously＝with curiosity、 comfortably＝in comfort、 peacefully＝in peace、 hurriedly＝in a hurry、 joyfully＝with joy。 【典例】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) 我相信大多数学生都会满意地欣赏“Fun at my school”这个专栏的。 I believe that most of the students will enjoy the column “Fun at my school” with satisfaction. 【运用】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)由于我们正在准备一期以体育为主题的特刊，您的专业见解无疑将成为亮点。 As we are preparing a special sports-themed issue, your__professional__insights__will__be__a__highlight__without__doubt. 3.形容词的名词化表达 某些形容词可以用“be of＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be important＝be of importance、 be beneficial＝be of benefit、 be valuable＝be of value、 be helpful＝be of help、 be useful＝be of use。 【典例】 (2025·天津卷) 浏览Space Awaits论坛帖子，我发现文明盘上的讨论非常有趣。 Browsing the Space Awaits post, I find the discussion on the civilization disk is of great fascination. 【运用】 (2024·上海卷6月)向他们解释为什么你想做饭，以及烹饪如何成为一项宝贵的生活技能将是有益的。 It__would__be__of__benefit__to__explain to them why you wish to cook and how it can be a valuable life skill. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4.活用带有比较级的句型 (1)the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 【典例】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)随着提交截止日期的临近，我们希望您能尽快更新进度。越快越好。 With the submission deadline approaching, we would love a quick update on your progress. The quicker, the better. 【运用】 (2023·全国乙卷)我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。 The__more__I__practised__skating__on__the__ice，the__more__skilled__I__was,__and I soon skated on the ice smoothly. (2)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 【典例】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) 在我看来，没有什么专栏比“Fun at my school”更具包容性的了。 As far as I'm concerned, no column is more inclusive than the column “Fun at my school”. 【运用】 (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ&Ⅱ)没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。 Nothing__is__more__important__than__my__teacher's__encouragement. Without it, I couldn't have won the prize. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2026·福建三明一中高三月考)We live in a hurried society and often eat quickly and absent-mindedly, ____________ (aware) of what or how much we consume. unaware　解析：考查形容词。 根据hurried、quickly and absent-mindedly可知，此处表示 “没意识到”，应用aware的反义词unaware，作状语。 2.(2026·黑龙江哈师大附中高三月考)For over six decades, this authentic Cantonese restaurant has pleased guests in its Blackpool location with ____________ (delicate) crafted dishes that are consistently excellent. delicately　解析：考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰形容词crafted。 3.(2026·沧州高三月考)During the lifetime of Zao, the cultural exchange between the East and West was ____________ (extreme) important both in China and Europe. extremely　解析：考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰形容词important。 4.(2026·铜川二模)Also, it is popularly believed that the higher the toss, the ____________(good) your prospects and fortune in the year ahead. better　解析：考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，表示“抛得越高，你来年的运势就越好”，空处应用形容词比较级。 5.(2026·成都外国语学校高三月考)Wuqinxi, literally meaning Five-Animal Exercises, was invented by Hua Tuo, one of the ____________ (great) doctors in Chinese history, based on his observations of tigers, deer, bears, apes and birds. greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。“one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应用形容词最高级。 6.(2026·东北师大附中摸底考试)Videos and an ____________ (interact) chat robot further enrich the platform's extent. interactive　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词形式修饰名词短语chat robot。 7.(2026·浙江ZFJ联盟联考)It could also reduce the environmental costs of meat production ____________ (great). greatly　解析：考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰动词reduce。 8.(2026·辽宁省实验中学月考)About 1，000 years ago, when Mongolian ancestors moved from forests to wide grasslands, shifting ____________(gradual) from hunting to herding, the Urtiin Duu, or “long song”， appeared. gradually　解析：考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰非谓语动词shifting。 9.(2026·山西金科大联考)He is ____________ (wide) believed to have come to China in the 6th century. He taught the monks at the Shaolin Temple how to use Kung Fu exercises and medical techniques to improve their physical and mental health. widely　解析：考查副词。此处应用副词形式修饰动词believed。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026·福建百校联考)Juliette Vauchez finished a distant sixth in the women's changquan-jianshu-qiangshu routines at the Chengdu World Games on the night of Aug. 9.But off the competition floor, her calm smile and steady 1.____________ (present) reflected the dignity of a Chinese martial arts master from a wuxia novel. “Wushu has taught me to be peaceful and to understand that there is always someone stronger，” the French athlete said. “My goal is simply to keep 2.____________(improve) myself.” Wushu has 3.____________(true) shaped her life. Vauchez was born in Bordeaux, a city famous for its wine. Her passion 4.____________ the sport started early, thanks to her father, 5.____________ took her to a local wushu club when she was six. “It was hard, but from the beginning, I learned to stay focused and consistent，” she said. Her discipline extends beyond sport. Now working as an engineer, she balances her job with evening training 6.____________(session). Her skill and devotion quickly earned her 7.____________ place on France's national team. At age 15, she made her international debut (登台) at the 2013 World Wushu Championships in Kuala Lumpur. With each competition, Vauchez's competitive spirit grew, but so did her awareness about when to pause to make further progress. “Wushu is a never-ending journey full of challenges. Sometimes, you have to rest, take a break, and then continue. That, to me, is the 8.____________ (hide) part of Chinese culture—the mindset，” she said. “Wushu lets anyone express themselves，” she said. “I feel close to those who share my passion and enjoy seeing them at competitions.” Vauchez and her husband, fellow wushu athlete Benoit Denolle, 9.____________ (work) to promote the sport in Bordeaux at present. They hope 10.____________ (make) wushu the city's second calling card, alongside its famous wine. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国运动员沃谢在成都世运会武术项目获第六，武术塑造其人生，她与丈夫现于波尔多推广武术，盼其成当地第二名片的故事。 1.presence　解析：考查名词。根据空前的steady和空处与calm smile并列作主语可知，空处应用名词形式presence，为不可数名词。 2.improving　解析：考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事”。 3.truly　解析：考查副词。空处应用副词形式修饰动词shaped。 4.for　解析：考查介词。 passion for sth.为固定搭配，意为“对某物的热爱”。 5.who　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是her father，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。 6.sessions　解析：考查名词复数。 session意为“一场，一节”，为可数名词，此处指多次训练课程，应用名词复数形式。 7.a　解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个席位”，且place的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。 8.hidden　解析：考查形容词。 空处应用形容词形式修饰名词part。 9.are working　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 根据时间状语at present可知，应用现在进行时；主语Vauchez and her husband为复数，be动词应用are。 10.to make　解析：考查非谓语动词。 hope to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“希望做某事”。 Ⅲ.语篇写作运用 (2026·广东六校联盟联考)英国一所友好学校的师生将到你校访问。你将作为学生代表在欢迎晚会上致辞，并赠送学生们自制的文创礼物。请你用英语写一篇欢迎辞，内容包括： 1.表示欢迎； 2.介绍礼物。 Good evening, dear friends! 1.I__feel__privileged__to__extend__the__warmest__welcome__to__teachers__and__students__from__our__partner__school__in__Britain(我很荣幸向我们在英国合作学校的师生表示最热烈的欢迎)as the student representative. 2.We__are__delighted__to__have__you__here__with__us(我们很高兴你们能来这里), sharing in the spirit of friendship and cultural exchange. As a token of our appreciation, 3.we__have__carefully__prepared__unique__gifts__for__you(我们为你们精心准备了独特的礼物), such as Chinese calligraphy bookmarks, cloth pandas, and paper-cutting artworks, to name just a few. 4.These__are__handmade__cultural__products(这些是手工制作的文化产品) crafted by our students with much dedication and creativity, not only representing the essence of Chinese culture, but also embodying our traditions and values. 5.We__hope__the__gifts__will__serve__as__a__reminder__of__your__wonderful__time__here(我们希望这些礼物能唤起你们在这里度过的美好时光的回忆). Once again, welcome to our school and 6.may__your__stay__be__filled__with__joy,__knowledge,__and__newfound__friendships(愿你们逗留期间充满欢乐、知识和新建立的友谊). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $