板块1 专题2 第3讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语语法串讲高分写作

该高中英语讲义聚焦情态动词和虚拟语气两大高考核心语法点，按“基本用法-特殊情境-推测功能”和“if条件句-名词性从句-特定句式”逻辑分层梳理，通过考点解析、方法归纳、真题演练三步教学流程，帮助学生构建系统知识网络，突破语态结合、时间错综等难点。 资料创新采用“情境化真题+对比式归纳”教学策略，如通过八省联考真题解析情态动词被动语态，对比虚拟语气中if条件句与含蓄条件句的时间逻辑，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置基础巩固、能力提升分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供精准指导。

第三讲　情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一　情态动词 (2025·八省联考) Every language is worthy of respect and should ____________ (treat) equally. be treated　解析：考查情态动词和动词的语态。主语Every language与动词treat之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；其前should为情态动词，其后接动词原形。 要点一　常考情态动词的基本用法 情态动词本身有词义，但是没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有时态的变化，但是不能独立作谓语。 情态动词 基本用法 can 表示能力 表示请求、许可 表示可能性 could can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力 在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could不是过去式 may 表示请求、许可 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”。通常用于“May＋sb./sth.＋动词原形.”结构 must 表示主观看法，意为“必须” must开头的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn't或don't have to mustn't意为“禁止、不许” need 表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化 dare 表示敢于，多用于否定句和疑问句中 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化 shall 表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称的疑问句中) 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，带有警告、命令、要求、允诺等感情色彩 should 意为“应该”，也可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等 will 表示意愿、意志、打算 【名师点津】　情态动词的特殊用法 (1)can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级含义； (2)can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用意为“再……也不为过”； (3)must可意为“偏要、硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句中； (4)“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好；不妨”； (5)would表示过去的习惯，与used to相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，与现在无关，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在； (6)should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”。 要点二　情态动词表示推测 情态动词表示推测基本集中在must、may、might、can和could的用法上。对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词＋do”；对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词＋be doing”；对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。 结　构 含　义 示　例 must have done 一定做过(肯定句) *Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week. 保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。 can/could not have done 不可能做了 *I saw Mr. Li just now. He can't have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见李先生了。他不可能去北京了。 could have done 本来能够做但却未做(肯定句) *You could have done better, but you were too careless. 你本可以做得更好的，但你太粗心了。 may/might have done 也许/或许已经做了 *It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed.　太晚了，我想他或许已经上床睡觉了。 should have done 本来应该做但实际上未做 *Yesterday was the deadline, and he should have completed his work. 昨天是最后期限，他本该完成工作的。 shouldn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了 *Tom shouldn't have told me your secret.　汤姆本不应该把你的秘密告诉我的。 needn't have done 本来没必要做却做了 *You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it is very near to your house.　你本来不必打车来这里的，因为这里离你家很近。 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.(2026·镇江阶段练习)One of our rules is that every student ____________ wear school uniform while at school. shall　解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处是学校的规定，包含命令的语气。情态动词shall用于陈述句的第二人称或第三人称时，表达说话者的命令、警告或允诺。 2.(2026·南阳专题练习)We ____________ have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. should　解析：考查情态动词。should have done表示“本应该做却没有做……”。 3.(2026·上海专题练习)Time is very limited, so you ____________ get to that mountain village within 15 minutes. must　解析：考查情态动词。根据“Time is very limited”可知，句子表示“时间很紧，你必须在15分钟内到达那个山村”。 4.(2026·全国专题练习)You shouldn't ____________ (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterward. have interrupted　解析：考查情态动词。根据“you could have come to tell me afterward”可知，此处为shouldn't have done sth.表示“本不该做某事(但是已经做了)”。 5.—I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. —Well, you never know! You may ____________ (make) a better impression than you think. have made　解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处表示过去可能做某事，应用“情态动词＋have done”形式。 6.It used to be that you ____________ drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere. could　解析：考查情态动词。根据句意可知，该处表示对过去可能性的推测。 7.Jim says we ____________ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. can　解析：考查情态动词。根据空后的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，吉姆允许“我们”待在他的房子里，即“我们”“能，可以”待在他的房子里。 8.You shouldn't ____________ (scold) him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. have scolded　解析：考查情态动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“本不应该”， shouldn't have done表示“本不该做某事(但是已经做了)”。 考点二　虚拟语气 要点一　if条件句中的虚拟语气 类　型 从句中谓语动词的形式 主句中谓语动词的形式 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 should/were to＋动词原形；动词的过去式 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 *If David improved his IT skills, he would easily get a job. 如果大卫提高了他的IT 技能，就能很容易找到一份工作。(与现在事实相反) *If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams. 如果你再努力一点，你就会通过考试了。(与过去事实相反) *If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. 要是明天下雨，足球赛就延期举行。(与将来事实相反) 要点二　错综时间虚拟条件句 当条件状语从句和主句表示的动作或行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来确定。 *If you had gone hiking yesterday, you would be tired today. 如果你昨天去远足的话，今天你就会很疲惫。(从句与过去的情况相反，主句与现在的情况相反) *If you did some sports now, you would be healthy in the future. 如果你现在做一些运动，你将来就会很健康。(从句与现在的情况相反，主句与将来的情况相反) 要点三　省略if的条件句 在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，当谓语动词含有had、were、should时，可以把if省略，将had、were、should提到句首，变为倒装句。 *Had you (＝If you had) come earlier, you would have caught the early bus. 如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。 *Were I (＝If I were) in your position, I wouldn't do that silly thing. 如果我处于你的位置，我就不会做那件傻事。 *Should it rain (＝If it should rain), I would stay at home. 如果下雨，我就待在家里。 要点四　含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用介词(短语)(but for/without等)、副词(otherwise)或连词(but/or)来表示。 *We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time. 我们在机场被耽搁了，否则我们午饭时间就到这里了。 要点五　名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1.用于主语从句 在It is/was important/necessary/possible/essential/ natural/strange/suggested/ordered/advised/requested/demanded/...that...等主语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 *It is necessary that we (should) master at least one foreign language. 我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。 2.用于宾语从句 类　型 用　法 表示“要求、命令、建议、请求”等动词后的宾语从句 在insist、urge、order、command、require、demand、request、suggest、advise、propose、recommend等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形” wish后的宾语从句 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形” would rather后的宾语从句 与现在或将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时 3.用于表语从句和同位语从句 句子主语是suggestion、advice、proposal等表示“决定、主张、要求、建议、命令”的名词时，在that引导的表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；在以上名词后由that引导的同位语从句中，谓语动词也用“(should＋)动词原形”。 *My suggestion is that we (should) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy. 我的建议是我们(应该)尽力缩减产量，减少我们制造和购买的东西的数量。 *He agreed with my suggestion that we (should) change the date of the meeting. 他同意了我提出的(应该)更改会议日期的建议。 要点六　特定句式中的虚拟语气 句型结构 对过去的虚拟 对现在的虚拟 对将来的虚拟 if only引导 的条件句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句 had＋过去分词 过去式(be动词用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形 It is (high)time (that)... 从句中谓语动词用动词过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.The firefighters failed to save the dog's owner because if they ____________(walk) onto the mud, they would have sunk, too. had walked　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处是if条件句中的虚拟语气；与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应用过去完成时。 2.If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn't ____________(be) where I am. be　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应用would do形式。 3.If I ____________(have) a chance to live my life again, I would go to university because I had a dream to become an engineer when I was young. had　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处是if条件句中的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。 4.At the routine office meeting, the headmaster insisted the problems referred to ____________ (pay) a special attention to. (should) be paid　解析：考查虚拟语气和动词的语态。insist 意为“坚持要求”时，其引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气(should) do；且宾语从句的主语the problems 和pay之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。 5.I wish I ____________(attend) the meeting yesterday so that I don't have to make it up later. had attended　解析：考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；再根据时间状语yesterday可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，从句的谓语动词应用“had＋过去分词”。 6.(2026·鹤岗期末)The doctor recommended that I ____________(stay) a few more days in hospital. (should) stay　解析：考查虚拟语气。动词recommend意为“建议”时，其引导的宾语从句应用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。 7.I would rather you ____________(help) me clean the house or cook the meals than lay on the sofa all day long. had helped　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处表示“我宁愿你帮我打扫房子或做饭，而不是整天躺在沙发上”，would rather后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成时。 8.(2026·东莞月考)The doctor recommended that sweet drinks ____________(cut) out from his diet. (should) be cut　解析：考查虚拟语气。recommend意为“强烈建议”，其后的that从句中用“should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。 1.if条件句的虚拟 【典例】 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ读后续写)我意识到，如果我不停下来，整个讲座都会毁了。 I realized that if I didn't stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. 【运用】 (2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)如果我没有充分利用这次机会为写作比赛做准备，我就不会获得一等奖。 If I hadn't__made the most of the chance to prepare for the writing contest, I wouldn't__have__gained the first prize. 2.含蓄条件句的运用 【典例】 (2026·邵阳高三联考)如果不保持身体活力和精神稳定，我们就会发现追求梦想或拥抱生活的美丽是具有挑战性的。 Without maintaining physical vitality and mental stability, we would find it challenging to pursue dreams or embrace life's beauty. 【运用】 没有你的暖心支持，我无法熬过那些艰难的日子。 Without__your__warm__support，I couldn't__have__gotten__through those tough days. 3.利用“It's high time that ...”表虚拟 【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)总之，是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。 All in all，it is high time that we should devote/devoted ourselves to protecting the ocean. 【运用】 总之，现在是我们提高环境保护意识的时候了。 In a word, it__is__high__time__that__we__should__raise/raised our awareness of environmental protection. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·天津卷)I highly recommend that you ____________(visit) China and experience these advancements first-hand. (should) visit　解析：考查虚拟语气。表示建议的动词recommend后跟宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即recommend that sb. (should) do sth.。 2.(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Additionally, to ensure that our oral practice goes smoothly, I suggest that you ____________ (put) three to four students together. (should) put　解析：考查虚拟语气。表示建议的动词suggest后跟宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即suggest that sb. (should) do sth.。 3.The father had hoped that his daughter ____________(learn) to be satisfied so that the smallest joys in life appeared much bigger. would learn　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据had hoped 并结合语境可知，此处表示“父亲希望女儿能学会满足……”，had hoped后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，应用“would＋动词原形”。 4.If you don't want to go swimming, you ____________as well stay at home. Actually, it is up to you to decide. may/might　解析：考查情态动词。may/might as well do sth. 为固定用法，意为“不妨做某事、还是做某事的好”。 5.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me present five facts that I believe every college student __________ know about stress. should　解析：考查情态动词。空后是动词原形know，所以该空填情态动词，根据句意可知，此处可以表示“应该”了解，应填情态动词should。 6.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would ____________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. have accomplished　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据空前的“The workers were not better organized”可知，这是对过去情况的含蓄虚拟，从句应用would/could/should/might＋have done。 7.If only Edward ____________(remember) to finish his homework yesterday! Today, he wouldn't be in such a hurry to complete it before class. had remembered　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处表示“要是昨天爱德华记得完成作业就好了”，为if only条件句中的虚拟语气，且表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。 8.Gary ____________(play) but for a knee injury. It was a pity for him to miss such an important game. would/could/should/might have played　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据but for 并结合语境可知，此处表示“要不是膝盖受伤，加里应该就可以参加比赛”，为含蓄虚拟语气，且表示与过去事实相反，应用“would/could/should/might have＋过去分词”。 9.What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we ____________ (have) a good time together. would/could/should/might have had　解析：考查虚拟语气。根据关键词or可知，应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，应用would/could/should/might＋have done。 10.I can't find my purse. I ____________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. could/might have left　解析：考查情态动词。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，因此用“情态动词＋have done”，再根据后句“but I'm not sure”可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，所以用could/might have done。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026·武汉中学高三月考)The Taklimakan Desert, infamous as the “Sea of Death”， has now been fully encircled by the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier, 1.____________ length reaches an impressive 3，046 kilometers, 2.____________(mark) the completion of over 40 years of efforts to contain the desert expansion within a safety zone. Covering 337，600 square kilometers, the Taklimakan is China's largest drifting desert, which poses an 3.____________(increasing) alarming threat to surrounding oases (绿洲) and serves as a significant source of dust storms and an upwind area for the country. In an effort to battle desertification and relieve the unfavorable effects of shifting sands and dust storms 4.____________ nearby residents, the “Green Great Wall” has gradually emerged. So far, alongside the green belt, efforts 5.____________(make) to promote the development of sand-related industries, such as ceramics and pottery. The green belt not only acts as 6.____________ ecological barrier but also stabilizes agriculture, boosts Xinjiang's economic development, and highlights China's technological and organizational strength in ecological governance. It is a shining example of what can 7.____________ (achieve) through technological innovation and organizational capabilities. With a target 8.____________(restore) 2.34 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, this ongoing initiative will safeguard the environment and promote 9.____________(region) sustainable development. With the successful completion of the green barrier, this region, once troubled by serious sandstorms, is set to see renewed 10.____________(vital) and dynamic ecosystems. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了历经40余年，中国在塔克拉玛干沙漠建成最长防沙屏障，它遏制沙漠扩张，推动产业发展，助力生态恢复。 1.whose　解析：考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。 2.marking　解析：考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，mark与前面的句子是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。 3.increasingly　解析：考查副词。空处应用副词形式修饰形容词alarming。 4.on/upon　解析：考查介词。“relieve the effects on/upon...”是固定搭配，意为“减轻对……的影响”。 5.have been made　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据So far可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语efforts与make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语efforts是复数，助动词应用have。 6.an　解析：考查冠词。barrier是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一道生态屏障”，且ecological是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。 7.be achieved　解析：考查情态动词和被动语态。分析句子结构可知，“what can ____________”为what引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且what在从句中作主语，与achieve之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；情态动词can后接动词原形。 8.to restore　解析：考查非谓语动词。 target后常用动词不定式作后置定语，a target to do sth.意为“做某事的目标”。 9.regional　解析：考查形容词。 空处应用形容词修饰名词development。 10.vitality　解析：考查名词。 空处作see的宾语，应用名词vitality，意为“生机；活力”，不可数。 Ⅲ.语篇写作运用 假定你是李华，你曾在国外交流学习时受到校友埃里克(Eric)的诸多帮助，对此你心存感激，得知他对中国文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达对他的感激； 2.邀请他来中国体验中国文化。 Dear Eric, I'm Li Hua. Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for 3 months a couple of years ago. I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the US. At that time, you often recommended that 1.I__(should)__make__new__friends__and__adapt__to__the__new__life (我应该结交新朋友和适应新生活).Without your help, 2.I__couldn't__have__enjoyed__my__life__there__so__much (我不可能那么享受我在那儿的生活).Besides, if you hadn't helped me, 3.my__English__couldn't__have__improved__so__quickly(我的英语就不可能提高得那么快). By the way, do you know how everything is going with Mr. Smith? I failed to contact him after I left America. I'd appreciate it 4.if__you__could__offer__me__his__e-mail__address__or__telephone__number(如果你能给我他的邮箱地址或电话号码).I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture. If you were free during this winter holiday, how I wish 5.you__could__come__to__China__during__the__Spring__Festival__to__experience__Chinese__culture (你能在春节期间来中国体验中国文化)！I would rather that 6.you__spent__the__Spring__Festival__with__us__happily(你和我们一起欢度春节).I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip for you. I 7.would__be__very__happy(将会非常开心) if you accept my invitation. I am looking forward to your coming. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $