板块1 专题4 第3讲 介词(短语)（课件PPT）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语语法串讲高分写作

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦介词（短语）专题，覆盖介词基本用法（时间、地点、程度等）和固定搭配（名词、形容词、动词与介词搭配）两大核心考点。依据高考评价体系，通过2025-2024年新高考卷、浙江卷等真题验证，明确时间/地点介词、动词-介词搭配等高频考点分布，归纳单句语法填空典型题型，体现备考的针对性和实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题引领+考点细化+即时演练”的复习策略，如以2025新高考卷Ⅰ“by+数值表差值”真题为例，结合考点解读中“by表程度”的用法，培养学生语言理解与分析的语言能力和思维品质。特设“易错点对比”（如in/on/at时间用法辨析）和“语法精练”模块，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可据此系统梳理考点，实现高效复习教学。

第三讲　介词(短语) 内 容 索 引 考点一 1 1 考点二 2 语法精练 高效提升 1 3 考点一 第一部分 3 (2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ____________ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，“by＋具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，应用by。 考点一　介词的基本用法 真题验证 by　 返回导航 4 考点解读 表时间的介词 1.at＋某一时间点、某一时刻　2.in＋一般意义的上午、下午或晚上及月或年等长的时间　3.on＋具体的日子或特定的时间，具体到某日或特定的上午、下午或晚上 1.for＋表时间段的词组　2.since(从……开始)＋时间点　3.over＋时间段 1.after 在……之后　2.by 在(某时)前，不迟于　3.before 在……之前　4.during 在……期间　5.until/till 直到……为止　6.within 在……之内　7.through 一直到(包括所指时间在内) 返回导航 5 表地点、方位的介词 1.in 表示在某范围内　2.on 表示与某地相邻或接壤　3.to表示在某范围之外　4.off表示“离、距” 1.over 表示在正上方，恰好垂直的位置关系(反义词：under)　2.above表示“高于，在……上方”，多指在相对较高的位置(反义词：below)　3.on表示“在……上”，在物体表面上(反义词：beneath) 1.across表示“横过”，指从物体的一边到另一边　2.through表示“穿过，贯穿”，指从内部穿过　3.over表示“越过，跨过”，指从物体的上面通过 返回导航 6 程度 介词 1.above/over 超过　2.about/around 大约　3.by (增加/削弱/相差/高出等)到……程度 其他常 考介词 1.besides表示“除……外(还)”，包括后面提到的人或物 2.except表示“除……之外”，不包括后面提到的人或物 as：1.像，如同　2.作为，当作 返回导航 7 其他常 考介词 with: 1.和……一起，和，同，跟　2.(伴)随着　3.具有，带有　4.由于，因为　5.(表示方式)用 against: 1.反对，违背，与……相反　2.触，碰撞　3.紧靠，倚靠　4.与……竞争，对阵　5.以……为背景 for：1.(表目的或功能)为了　2.(表对象或用途)给，对，为　3.(表原因)因为，由于　4.支持，赞成 5.至于，关于，就……而言　6.(表去向)往，向　7.(表陈述或问题的对象)对于 返回导航 8 其他常 考介词 beyond：1.(指程度)深于　2.(指范围)超出　3.(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及　4.(时间)晚于 despite：“尽管，虽然”，表让步 1.at 以……速度(价格等)　2.by表示“以……计”，后常跟计量单位　3.in 在……方面 返回导航 9 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The Glasshouse stands ____________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route. 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，此处指“玻璃温室作为当代设计的一项伟大成就而存在”，应用as。 as　 返回导航 10 2.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____________ all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，此处指“必须为全国人民好好保护”，应用for。 for　 返回导航 11 3.(人教选必二U2)As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties ____________ a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，此处表示“对于一个人来说”，应用for。 for　 返回导航 12 4.(北师大选必一U1) I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially ____________ maths. 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，此处表示“在数学方面”，应用in。 in　 返回导航 13 5.It was built originally to protect the city ____________ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，此处表示“在唐朝(期间)”，应用in或during。 in/during　 返回导航 14 考点二 第二部分 15 1.(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)Nothing in my life before prepared me ____________ this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 解析：考查介词。prepare sb. for...意为“使某人为……做好准备”，是固定搭配。 考点二　介词的固定搭配 真题验证 for　 返回导航 16 2.(2025·浙江卷1月)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead ____________ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 解析：考查介词。focus on/upon意为“关注，聚焦于”，是固定短语。 on/upon　 返回导航 17 3.(2025·八省联考)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform ____________ the world to better understand China, but also promotes language and cultural exchanges in the world. 解析：考查介词。provide sth. for sb./sth.意为“为某人/某物提供某物”，为固定短语。 for　 返回导航 18 4.(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ____________ Romeo and Juliet. 解析：考查介词。be similar to...意为“和……相似”，为固定短语。 to　 返回导航 19 要点一　介词与名词构成的搭配 1.at＋名词 at peace处于和平状态 at war处于战争状态 at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以……的代价 考点解读 返回导航 20 at the risk of冒……的危险 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 返回导航 21 2.on＋名词 on exhibition/show/display在展出 on holiday/vacation在度假 on average平均；一般地 on account of因为 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/增加 返回导航 22 3.by＋名词 by accident/chance偶然地 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 by the day按天算 返回导航 23 4.in＋名词 in cash用现金付款 in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in charge of掌管 in exchange for作为交换 返回导航 24 in favor of支持，赞成 in support of...支持…… in place of代替 in honor of...向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of...为了纪念…… in addition to另外 in no time立刻 in no way决不 返回导航 25 5.of＋名词 of benefit有益处的 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 返回导航 26 6.out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of date过期；过时 out of work失业 out of the question不可能 返回导航 27 7.under＋名词 under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 返回导航 28 8.with＋名词 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 返回导航 29 9.beyond＋名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 返回导航 30 要点二　形容词与介词构成的搭配 1.be＋形容词＋about be anxious about为……感到焦虑 be curious about对……好奇 be particular about对……挑剔 be worried/concerned about对……担心 返回导航 31 2.be＋形容词＋at be angry at对……生气 be astonished at对……吃惊 be good at擅长 be present at出席 返回导航 32 3.be＋形容词＋in be absorbed in专注于 be active in积极于 be dressed in穿着 be engaged in忙于 be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于 返回导航 33 4.be＋形容词＋for be eager for渴望 be famous for因……著名 be fit for适合，胜任 be prepared for为……做好准备 be ready for准备好 be sorry for对……感到抱歉 返回导航 34 5.be＋形容词＋from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 返回导航 35 6.be＋形容词＋to be close to接近 be devoted to致力于 be equal to等于；胜任 be familiar to被……所熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be grateful to对……心存感激 be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 返回导航 36 7.be＋形容词＋of be aware of意识到 be critical of对……挑剔 be proud of因……而自豪 be short of缺乏 返回导航 37 8.be＋形容词＋with be angry with对……生气 be busy with忙于 be familiar with对……熟悉 be patient with对……有耐心 be pleased with对……感到满意 be popular with受……欢迎 返回导航 38 要点三　动词与介词构成的搭配 1.“动词＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构 accuse sb. of sth.指责/控告某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人确信某事 cure sb. of sth.治好某人的某种疾病 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 返回导航 39 rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱某物 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 返回导航 40 2.“动词＋sb.＋for＋doing sth.”结构 blame sb. for doing sth.指责某人做某事 criticize/scold sb. for doing sth.批评某人做某事 excuse/forgive/pardon sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做某事 punish sb. for doing sth.因做某事而惩罚某人 thank sb. for doing sth.感谢某人做某事 返回导航 41 3.“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构 keep/prevent/stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事 defend/protect/preserve/shelter sb./sth. from being done保护某人/某物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb./sth. from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事 返回导航 42 4.其他常考的动词(短语)与介词的搭配 account for占……(比例)；解释……(原因) act as 充当；起作用 break away from 脱离；逃离 bring about 引起；导致；造成 call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求 返回导航 43 come to an end 终止，结束 come up with 提出 consist of由……组成 do without 没有……而设法对付过去 end up with 以……结束 get down to 开始做某事 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 返回导航 44 give rise to使发生 give way to屈服；退让；让步 go against违反；与……不符 go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣 返回导航 45 look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起 look into调查；审查 make the best of充分利用 put up with忍受，容忍 see through看穿；识破 see to照料；处理 serve as充当/担任 set about着手做 返回导航 46 speak to/with sb.与某人交谈 take in吸入；理解，领会 take responsibility for对……负责 take on承担；呈现，具有 think to oneself盘算，心里想 返回导航 47 要点四　介词与其他词构成的搭配 according to根据 along with随着 apart from除……之外 because of因为，由于 but for要不是 返回导航 48 by means of通过，借助于 from... to...从……到…… instead of代替 regardless of不管，不顾 up to直到；由……决定 返回导航 49 【即时演练】——单句语法填空 1.(2024·北京卷)One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ____________ myself, “Why would he carry all his books？” 解析：考查介词。think to oneself为固定搭配，意为“盘算，心里想”。 to　 返回导航 50 2.(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)There, you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed ____________ hand rather than rolled. 解析：考查介词。by hand为固定搭配，意为“用手”。 by　 返回导航 51 3.(2023 ·新高考全国卷Ⅱ)And who do they speak English ____________？ 解析：考查介词。speak to/with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人交谈”。 to/with 返回导航 52 4.(2023 ·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. 解析：考查介词。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。 to　 返回导航 53 5.(2023 ·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility ____________ saving their environment. 解析：考查介词。take responsibility for为固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。 for　 返回导航 54 6.Giant pandas also serve ____________ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 解析：考查介词。serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当/担任……”。 as　 返回导航 55 第三部分 语法精练 高效提升 56 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2026·佛山一模)Amateur basketball players representing their villages compete not ____________ cash prizes; instead, the winning team take home live ducks, rice and traditional Miao-style silver headdresses. 解析：考查介词。compete for为固定搭配，意为“为……竞争”。 for　 返回导航 57 2.(2026·内蒙古名校联考)Li Jiasheng, who leads the dig team, said this complete combination of furnaces provides new insights ____________ the site's technology and the organization of its workers. 解析：考查介词。 insights into...为固定搭配，意为“对……的见解”。 into　 返回导航 58 3.(2026·邢台NT20名校联合体月考)____________ his surprise, he received 10 times more responses and decided to bring them together for a group photo. 解析：考查介词。 to one's surprise为固定搭配，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 To　 返回导航 59 4.(2026·东北育才学校等校联考)They have been taught textile techniques from a young age by their mothers.____________ the lack of books or illustrated records, generations of Li women have designed traditional elements using their imaginations to create colorful patterns. 解析：考查介词。 根据下文the lack of books or illustrated records可知，此处表示“尽管”，应用介词despite。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 Despite　 返回导航 60 5.(2026·贵州铜仁一中月考)This tourist destination is recommended as an addition ____________ your west-route travel plan, and is best visited in June and July—the high summer when the thick ice on the lake is thawed (解冻) and wild flowers dominate the surrounding grassland. 解析：考查介词。 an addition to sth.为固定搭配，意为“对某事物的补充”。 to　 返回导航 61 6.(2026·辽宁省实验中学月考)____________ Western music, which has fixed rhythm, the Urtiin Duu follows the natural pace of breathing and horseback riding. 解析：考查介词。 根据下文“which has fixed rhythm”与follows the natural pace的对比可知，此处表示“与……不同”，应用介词unlike。单词位于句首，首字母应大写。 Unlike　 返回导航 62 7.(2026·温州二模)Some consumers may go ____________ their original intention and give high scores because they receive free dishes or discounts when asked to submit comments. 解析：考查介词。go against 为固定搭配，意为“违背”。 against　 返回导航 63 8.(2026·山东天一大联考)This invitation highlights how China's creative industries are dynamically breathing new life ____________ cultural heritage. 解析：考查介词。breathe new life into...为固定短语，意为“为……注入新的活力”。 into　 返回导航 64 9.(2026·甘肃多校联考)The invention of the Quyuan plow, which has been used for more ____________ a thousand years, is a milestone in the country's history of agricultural development. 解析：考查介词。 more than为固定短语，意为“超过；多于”。 than　 返回导航 65 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026·江苏常州高级中学二模)A walk through the hutong near Beijing's Drum Tower is always like stepping back in time. But 1.____________ one recent cold winter night, during a walk through a well-traveled hutong there, I found myself suddenly transported back to my childhood years. on　 返回导航 66 I was heading toward one of the 2.____________(area) two excellent CD record stores, when a display in a shop window caught my eye. Upon 3.____________(close) inspection, I realized the painting was a jigsaw puzzle, and the shop was devoted to such puzzles. When I stepped inside, the store's toasty warmth relighted fires in my heart and memory. Long ago, while doing the puzzles and searching 4.____________ (endless) for the proper piece, I often found myself area's　 closer　 endlessly　 返回导航 67 wondering whether perhaps I had lost a piece 5.____________ maybe my cat had stolen one. To effectively solve problems, we need effort and rest; when 6.____________ (stick), we need a break to bring clearness, finding the missing piece rapidly. or　 stuck　 返回导航 68 Among the valuable lessons and rewards that these puzzles offer 7.____________ (be) that patience and determination are enhanced. But what is most 8.____________(benefit) is how, like the detective Sherlock Holmes, we look for answers or clues, working tirelessly 9.____________ (find) the perfect fit. It's an approach 10.____________ pays off when we encounter any challenge that life presents. is　 beneficial　 to find　 that/which　 返回导航 69 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在北京胡同散步时，偶然进入一家拼图店，回忆起童年时光，并从过去的拼图经历中领悟到耐心和决心的重要性的故事。 1.on　解析：考查介词。 night前有修饰词one recent cold winter，表示在具体的某一天的晚上，应用介词on。 2.area's　解析：考查名词所有格。 根据空前的one of the和空后的two excellent CD record stores可知，此处表示“当地的”，与空后的名词为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。 返回导航 70 3.closer　解析：考查形容词比较级。 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词inspection，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处表示“更仔细的查看”，应用比较级形式closer。 4.endlessly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词searching，作状语，应用副词形式。 5.or　解析：考查连词。“whether...or...”意为“是……还是……，或者……或者……”，为固定句型。 返回导航 71 6.stuck　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为时间状语从句的省略结构，省略“主语＋be动词”，stick与we构成被动关系，应用过去分词，完整结构为“when we are stuck”。 7.is　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时；且本句为完全倒装句，真正的主语为主语从句“that patience...are enhanced”，be动词应用is。 返回导航 72 8.beneficial　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，应用形容词形式。 9.to find　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式形式作状语。 10.that/which　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为approach，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 返回导航 73 $