必修第三册 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 课后检测能力达标（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

**基本信息** 以太空探索为主题整合语篇，系统提炼阅读题型解法与语法应用规则，构建“主题—方法—能力”三维训练体系，提升语言理解与逻辑思维能力。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|3篇（太空垃圾/月球水/水星探索）|细节题定位原文、推理题逻辑推断、标题题主旨概括|以太空主题串联语篇，词汇与长难句服务语篇理解，培养信息筛选与批判性思维| |七选五|1篇（科技影响）|段落主题呼应、逻辑衔接词分析|从通讯/工作/娱乐维度构建科技影响框架，强化语篇结构意识| |语法填空|1篇（星系研究）|动词时态/非谓语/冠词等语法规则应用|通过宇宙膨胀与光传播原理，将语法知识融入科学语境，提升语言应用能力|

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·贵阳质检)Space should not be a garbage dump. Nevertheless, the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years. Now filled with dead rockets and satellites, our polluted orbital environment is becoming more crowded, threatening the growing space economy. It's time for nations—and the billionaires to clean up Earth's near orbit. The U．S. Air Force tracks more than 25，000 pieces of space junk larger than 10 centimeters—about the size of a bagel—weighing together some 9，000 metric tons. This dangerous trash moves around Earth at speeds of roughly 10 kilometers per second, or more than 22，000 miles per hour. Collisions between millimeter-scale objects too small to track and working satellites are now routine. Orbital debris (碎片) collisions cost satellite operators an estimated $86 million to $103 million in losses a year. Under the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (条约)，nations are supposed to be responsible for damages caused by space junk, even if it was originally launched by a private firm. That puts taxpayers, not space-exploring billionaires, on the hook for damages from orbital debris even if its origin can be proved and the company shown negligent (失职的). No surprise, this hasn't worked. The problem is, after decades of discussion, there is still no international treaty that limits space junk or sets standards for negligence. We need one that outlines responsibilities and strictly requires fines on the companies whose spacecraft debris causes harm. As long as doing the right thing is voluntary, it may not happen, concluded a 2018 Air Force Association report. The limited action since then tells us the world should have already worked on an agreement on compulsory standards. Few countries or companies currently design rockets for their complete life cycle. They must be forced to store enough fuel and keep the capability for spacecraft to drive safely out of space when their useful life is over. If spaceflight industries and nations fail to play by the new rules, they should be subjected to painful financial punishments. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太空垃圾带来的损害和责任划分问题，并呼吁制定国际标准和惩罚措施。 1．What has happened to space in recent years? A．Space economy has been thriving. B．The orbit pollutes rockets and satellites. C．Space junk has increased rapidly. D．The orbital environment becomes clean. C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nevertheless, the amount of space junk orbiting Earth has risen steeply in recent years.”可知，近年来围绕地球的太空垃圾数量急剧增加。 2．Who should be responsible for damages according to the Outer Space Treaty? A．Billionaires.　　　　 B．Taxpayers. C．Firms. D．Operators. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That puts taxpayers, not space-exploring billionaires, on the hook for damages from orbital debris”可知，纳税人应为轨道碎片所造成的损害负责。 3．What could be the author's attitude towards the treaty? A．Doubtful. B．Neutral. C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent. A　解析：观点态度题。根据第三段和第四段内容可推知，作者对《外层空间条约》持怀疑态度。 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Space Junk: a Problem to Be Solved B．Space Economy: a Business to Be Built C．Space Disaster: a Prediction on the Future D．Space Exploration: a Trip to the Unknown A　解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段谈到太空垃圾问题，点明太空不应该成为垃圾场，接下来详细说明了太空垃圾问题和为解决这一问题提出的措施和呼吁。因此，A项最适合作文章标题。 B (2026·衡水二中调研)The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected. And for the first time, the presence of water on the moon's sunlit surface has been confirmed, scientists reported. That's good news for astronauts at future lunar bases who could tap into these resources for drinking and making rocket fuel. More than 40，000 square kilometers of lunar surface have the capability to trap water in the form of ice, according to a team led by the University of Colorado's Paul Hayne. That's 20% more area than previous estimates, he said. These latest findings expand the possible landing spots for robots and astronauts. The presence of water in sunlit surfaces had been previously suggested, but not confirmed. The molecules (分子) are so far apart that they are in neither liquid nor solid form, said lead researcher Casey Honniball of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater(陨石坑)—would be accessible. As for the shadowed areas believed to be rich in frozen water near the moon's north and south poles, temperatures are so low that they could hold onto the water for millions or even billions of years. These so-called cold traps get down to minus 163 degrees Celsius. Using data from NASA, the researchers identified the size of cold traps and used computer models to get all the way down to micrometers in size. “Since the little ones are too small to see from orbit, despite being vastly more numerous, we can't yet identify ice inside them，” Hayne said. “Once we're on the surface, we will do that experiment.” Scientists believe all this water on the moon came from comets, asteroids (小行星), interplanetary dust, the solar wind or even lunar volcanic eruptions. “They'll have a better idea of the sources if we can get down on the surface and analyze samples of the ice，” Hayne said. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现月球上更多地方储存了更大量的水，其数量远超此前预期，且首次证实月球阳光照射的表面存在水，同时还介绍了月球不同区域水的存在形式、分布以及水的来源等相关研究情况。 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A.Water is extremely crucial for space exploration. B.Researchers identified cold traps using computers. C．Scientists knew well the sources of water on the moon. D.Cold traps are found in and around the southern hemisphere. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“And for the first time, the presence of water...and making rocket fuel.”可推知，水对于太空探索极为重要。 6．What do we know from paragraphs 3 and 4? A.The presence of water hasn't been confirmed. B．Shadowed areas are abundant in frozen water. C．Water can be easy to obtain on the moon soon. D.Water molecules on the moon are closely connected. B　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As for the shadowed areas...north and south poles”可知，阴影区域富含冰冻水。 7．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Data. B．Sunlit surfaces. C．Cold traps. D．Computer models. C　解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的“the researchers identified the size of cold traps...we can't yet identify ice inside them”可知，现在还无法识别冷阱内部的冰，“them”指代上文中的“cold traps”。 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The sources of water on the moon are discussed. B．Water ice is widespread on the moon. C．There is ood news for astronauts at lunar bases. D．Moon holds more water than ever thought. D　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“The moon may hold frozen water in more places and in larger quantities than previously suspected.”可知，文章主要讲月球上的水比以往认为的更多。 C (2026·湖南高三阶段检测)A spacecraft, BepiColombo, recently sent back some of the best close-up pictures yet of the north pole of the planet Mercury. It traveled a hard journey, going as close as 295 kilometers above Mercury's night side. The spacecraft then passed directly over the planet's north pole, catching invaluable images. The European Space Agency (ESA) released these amazing images. They clearly show craters on our solar system's smallest planet, Mercury, with deep shades creating an air of mystery. Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, these dark craters count as some of the coldest spots in the solar system. Cameras on the spacecraft also took clear images of neighboring volcanic plains known as Borealis Planitia. The ESA noted that these were Mercury's broadest regions of smooth plains and were formed by the widespread eruption of lava (岩浆) 3.7 billion years ago. Also noticeably appearing in the images announced by the ESA is Mercury's largest impact crater, the Caloris Basin. It is more than 1，500 kilometers across and has mile-high mountains. This has been the sixth and final flyby of Mercury for the BepiColombo spacecraft since it was sent into space in 2018. The recent move has put the BepiColombo spacecraft on a path to enter orbit around Mercury in 2026. The spacecraft holds two orbiters from Europe that will circle the planet's poles, ready to further explore this mysterious planet. In a statement on its website, the ESA noted that Mercury, a small, dry planet, is “the least explored planet of the inner solar system. Learning more about Mercury will throw light on the history of the entire solar system.” The spacecraft is named after the late Giuseppe (Bepi) Colombo, an Italian mathematician. Colombo played an important part in NASA's Mariner 10 task to Mercury in the 1970s and, 20 years later, in the Italian Space Agency's special project that flew on a U．S. spacecraft. His contributions have been very important in the exploration of Mercury. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类对水星北极的探索。 9．What does the author say about the craters on Mercury? A．They lie on Mercury's sunny side. B．They were formed by volcanic eruptions. C.They are signs that there exists air on Mercury. D．They rank among the coldest places in the solar system. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Even though Mercury is the closest planet...in the solar system.”可知，这些黑暗的陨石坑是太阳系中最冷的地方之一。 10．What does the ESA think of exploring Mercury? A．Meaningful. B．Smooth. C．Fruitless. D．Costly. A　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，ESA认为探索水星对了解太阳系历史有重要意义。 11．What's the author's main purpose in writing the last paragraph? A.To emphasize Italy's role in exploring Mercury. B.To display the tasks completed by the spacecraft. C.To add extra information related to the spacecraft. D.To demonstrate human efforts in space exploration. C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，本段介绍了该宇宙飞船名称的由来，并提及数学家朱塞佩·科伦坡在20世纪70年代美国宇航局的任务及其贡献，丰富读者对该宇宙飞船的理解，属于信息的补充。 12．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Formation of Mercury Is Being Uncovered B.Spacecraft Takes Clearest Photos of Mercury's Pole C.Craters on Mercury Help Understand Climate Change D．Colombo Explores the Smallest Planet in Solar System B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，全文围绕航天器拍摄水星北极的高清图像展开，介绍了图像内容、航天器任务及命名背景，B项最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2026·山东齐鲁名校第五次联考)In today's rapidly evolving world, technological innovation is reshaping every aspect of our lives, from the way we communicate to how we work and entertain ourselves. Here are some aspects technology is making a difference in our daily lives. 1.________ Transforming communication. One of the most evident changes is in communication. Technology has made communication faster and more accessible. 2.________ Video-conferencing tools have made face-to-face communication possible regardless of geographical distance. Moreover, messaging apps have added features like voice notes and group chats, making communication more convenient and dynamic. Revolutionizing (变革) work. The workplace has also been significantly transformed by technology. Remote work, which was once rare, has become mainstream. 3.________ Cloud computing allows employees to access work files and applications from any device with an Internet connection. Project management software helps teams coordinate (协调) tasks and track progress. This increases flexibility and boosts productivity. Enhancing entertainment. Entertainment has been taken to a whole new level with technological advancements. Streaming services have replaced traditional TV and movie rentals. We can watch our favorite shows whenever and wherever we want. 4.________ Gamers can now step into virtual worlds and interact with them in ways that were previously unimaginable. 5．________ While technology brings numerous benefits, it's essential to be aware of potential disadvantages. For example, excessive screen time can lead to health issues like eye strain and abnormal sleep patterns. The over-dependence on technology may also cause a decline in face-to-face communication skills. Additionally, concerns about data privacy and security have become more noticeable as our personal information is increasingly stored and shared online. A．Protecting individual privacy. B．Bewaring of negative sides of technology. C．It has brought about both positive and negative changes in our lives. D．Video games have also evolved, providing immersive (沉浸的) experiences. E．By understanding these impacts, we can better adapt to the power of technology. F．Thanks to high-speed Internet and powerful laptops, people can work from home. G．Social media platforms enable us to connect with others across the globe in an instant. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科技创新与生活的关系。 1．E　解析：上文点明科技创新重塑生活，下文从通讯、工作、娱乐等方面阐述其影响。E项是对上文的解释，同时引出下文对科技在不同生活领域影响的具体介绍，符合语境。 2．G　解析：本段主题为“Transforming communication.”，G项直接点明了科技对通讯的影响，与下文提到的视频会议、通讯应用等让沟通更便捷的内容相呼应，符合语境。 3．F　解析：本段围绕“Revolutionizing work.”展开，上文提到远程工作成为主流，F项解释了远程工作成为可能的原因，即借助高速网络和电脑设备，符合本段关于科技对工作方式变革的主题。 4．D　解析：本段主题为“Enhancing entertainment.”，上文说流媒体服务取代传统影视租赁，D项进一步阐述了流媒体服务带来的便利，符合本段主题，与下文提到的玩家可以在游戏中进入虚拟世界并互动相呼应。 5．B　解析：本段首先指出了科技有诸多好处，但也有负面影响，接着列举了如健康问题、沟通能力下降、数据隐私安全等负面情况。B项作为小标题能够准确概括本段内容。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2026·重庆巴蜀中学适应性模拟)The Milky Way formed around 13.5 billion years ago, but it's not possible to travel back in time to see exactly how it 1.____________(happen). Studies of the Galaxy's ancient stars offer some clues, as do simulations (模拟), 2.____________ the observable light from our home galaxy (星系) was emitted too recently 3.____________(enable) astronomers to examine its beginnings directly. One way around this problem is to study other galaxies that resemble the Milky Way. Mowla used observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to investigate 4.____________ distant galaxy with a mass that matches the expected mass of the Milky Way 5.____________(short) after its formation in the early universe. When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they see light that was emitted billions of years ago, because it takes time 6.____________ light to travel across space to their telescopes. 7.____________(earth) distance from such far-away galaxies, and thus how long ago their light was emitted, can be measured, thanks to the constant 8.____________(expand) of the universe. As light journeys across the vastness of space, its wavelength is stretched along with the expanding fabric of space, 9.____________(make) it seem redder than it was when it was emitted. And the change in the wavelength 10.____________(determine) by the distance the light travels and the age of the universe at the time of emission. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家如何通过研究其他星系来了解银河系的形成过程，以及观测遥远星系时涉及的光传播原理和宇宙膨胀现象。 1．happened　解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“around 13.5 billion years ago”可知，空处应用一般过去时。 2．but　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子的第一个分句说研究提供线索(正面信息)，第二个分句说我们所在星系观测到的光线是近期才发出的，无法直接探究起源(负面信息)，由此可推知，空处前后为转折关系，应用具有转折含义的并列连词。 3．to enable　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处是“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，空处应用动词不定式。 4．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“一个遥远的星系”，且distant的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 5．shortly　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰介词短语after its formation。 6．for　解析：考查介词。“it takes some time for sb./sth.to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“某人/某物做某事需要花费时间”。 7．Earth's　解析：考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词所有格形式，表示“地球的”；且空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。 8．expansion　解析：考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the 和形容词 constant和空后的介词of可知，空处应用名词形式。 9．making　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。 10．is determined　解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；the change与determine之间是被动关系，空处应用被动语态；主语为the change，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 A篇 [高频词]nevertheless adv.尽管如此　track v．追踪，跟踪　roughly adv.大约　set standards for为……设定标准　compulsory adj.规定的；强制的；义务的　capability n．能力　be subjected to受到，经受　[障碍词]steeply adv.(增加或减少)大幅度地，急剧地　collision n．碰撞(或相撞)事故　billionaire n．亿万富翁　on the hook for为……负责，承担……的责任 　[熟词生义]play (常用义) v．玩耍；参加(比赛或运动)；演奏 (文章义) v．(以某方式)行事，做事 B篇 [高频词]suspect vt.猜想　confirm vt.证实　estimate vt.&n.估计　expand vt.扩大　accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的　as for至于；关于　be rich in 富含　analyze vt.分析　[障碍词]comet n．彗星　interplanetary adj.星际的　[熟词生义]tap (常用义) vi.轻拍；轻叩 (文章义) vi.利用 C篇 [高频词]release vt.发布　announce vt.公布　be named after以……命名　play an important part in在……中起重要作用　[障碍词]close-up n．特写　Mercury n．水星　throw light on 阐明……；有助于了解　[熟词生义]count (常用义) v．计算；数数 (文章义) vt.看作　hold (常用义) vt.拿着，容纳；保持 (文章义) vt.搭载 七选 五 [高频词]make a difference起(重要)作用；有影响　regardless of不管；不顾　feature n．功能；特征　access vt.进入；使用　progress n．进展；进度　step into走进；进入　interact with与……互动　[障碍词]excessive adj.过多的　over-dependence n．过度依赖　[熟词生义]evolve (常用义) vt.进化 (文章义) vt.发展 语法 填空 [高频词]resemble v．与……相似　wavelength n．波长　stretch v．拉伸 　[障碍词]clue n．线索　emit v．发出 长难句分析 [B篇]And NASA's astrophysics director Paul Hertz said it's too soon to know whether this water—found in and around the southern hemisphere's sunlit Clavius Crater—would be accessible. [分析]　本句是复合句。主句谓语动词said后跟省略关系词that的宾语从句；whether引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。 [译文]　美国国家航空航天局天体物理学主任保罗·赫兹表示，现在要弄清在南半球阳光照射的克拉维斯陨石坑及其周围发现的这种水能否被获取利用，还为时过早。 [C篇]Colombo played an important part in NASA's Mariner 10 task to Mercury in the 1970s and, 20 years later, in the Italian Space Agency's special project that flew on a U．S. spacecraft. [分析]　本句是复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Italian Space Agency's special project。 [译文]　科伦坡在20世纪70年代美国国家航空航天局对水星的水手10号任务以及20年后，在意大利航天局乘坐美国航天器的特别项目中都发挥了重要作用。 [七选五]While technology brings numerous benefits, it's essential to be aware of potential disadvantages. [分析]　本句是复合句。While意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；主句中it作形式主语，真正的形式主语是不定式to be aware of potential disadvantages。 [译文]　虽然技术带来了许多好处，但意识到其潜在的缺点至关重要。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $