必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 课后检测能力达标（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2026·合肥二模)Among world languages, English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks, especially in formal and business settings. So it's logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness. If somebody didn't say “thanks”， we often think, they must not have been very grateful. And yet, in English, “thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual.

But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends? A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no, we do not.

The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages: English, Italian, Polish, Russian, Lao, Cha'palaa, Murrinhpatha and Siwu. The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm. In fact, the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange.

The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally. In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you're weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn't exist! In contrast, in England, expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships, promoting goodwill and connection.

Nick Enfield, lead researcher of the study, suggests that most of the 6，000 to 7，000 world languages don't have a word for “thank you”. “When we consider the

negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other, that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，不同文化表达感激的方式有差异，很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词，且普遍表达感激的方式通过互助合作。

1．What does the underlined word “conflate” in paragraph 1 mean?

A.Compare. B．Replace.

C.Figure out. D．Mix up.

D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“So it's logical that English speakers...they must not have been very grateful.”可知，说英语的人常把说“谢谢”这种表达感激的方式和内心真正的感激之情弄混了。conflate意为“混淆，混为一谈”，与mix up意思相符。

2．How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study?

A.By saying thanks directly.

B.By making social agreements.

C.By using body language.

D.By helping and cooperating.

D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The findings suggest the universal way...working together are the norm.”可知，普遍表达感激的方式是通过相互帮助和合作。

3．How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives?

A.It weakens their bond.

B.It reduces their social distance.

C.It enhances their connection.

D.It promotes their mutual trust.

A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India, for example...that shouldn't exist！”可知，印度人认为向亲戚表达感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。             

4．What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph?

A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness.

B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.

C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends.

D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided.

B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“suggests that most of the 6，000 to 7，000 world languages don't have a word for  ‘thank you’”可推知，感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。

B

(2026·济南一模)It's a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ”

The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It's multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words—a totally different context.

Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that coded communication works best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken.

Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context