必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD 课后检测能力达标（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（人教版）

**基本信息** 以跨文化交际与语言运用为主题，整合阅读、完形等模块，通过模拟题系统提炼词义猜测、语境推理等解题方法，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|2篇（合肥二模、济南一模）|词义猜测（上下文逻辑）、细节理解（原文定位）、推理判断（信息整合）|跨文化差异→语言表达特点→语境意义理解| |七选五|1篇（山东名校联盟）|上下文衔接（代词指代、逻辑关系）|词汇学习策略→语境应用→高效记忆方法| |完形填空|1篇（合肥质检）|语境词义辨析（情感线索、上下文呼应）|个人成长→技能学习→自我认知提升| |语法填空|1篇（八省联考）|语法规则（非谓语、时态、语态）、固定搭配|语言文化→语法结构→跨文化交流价值|

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·合肥二模)Among world languages, English places perhaps the highest value on the expressions of thanks, especially in formal and business settings. So it's logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness. If somebody didn't say “thanks”， we often think, they must not have been very grateful. And yet, in English, “thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel habitual. But do we say it as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends? A new research paper titled Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Thankfulness suggests that no, we do not. The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages: English, Italian, Polish, Russian, Lao, Cha'palaa, Murrinhpatha and Siwu. The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and working together are the norm. In fact, the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchange. The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally. In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you're weakening your closeness with them and creating formality and distance that shouldn't exist! In contrast, in England, expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive strengthening of relationships, promoting goodwill and connection. Nick Enfield, lead researcher of the study, suggests that most of the 6，000 to 7，000 world languages don't have a word for “thank you”. “When we consider the negative effects of thanking close relations alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other, that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.” 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，不同文化表达感激的方式有差异，很多语言甚至无“谢谢”一词，且普遍表达感激的方式通过互助合作。 1．What does the underlined word “conflate” in paragraph 1 mean? A.Compare. B．Replace. C.Figure out. D．Mix up. D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“So it's logical that English speakers...they must not have been very grateful.”可知，说英语的人常把说“谢谢”这种表达感激的方式和内心真正的感激之情弄混了。conflate意为“混淆，混为一谈”，与mix up意思相符。 2．How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study? A.By saying thanks directly. B.By making social agreements. C.By using body language. D.By helping and cooperating. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The findings suggest the universal way...working together are the norm.”可知，普遍表达感激的方式是通过相互帮助和合作。 3．How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives? A.It weakens their bond. B.It reduces their social distance. C.It enhances their connection. D.It promotes their mutual trust. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India, for example...that shouldn't exist！”可知，印度人认为向亲戚表达感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。 4．What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph? A.Many cultures do not emphasize thankfulness. B.Thankfulness might not be expressed in words. C.Small communities prefer to thank close friends. D.The negative effects of thanking should be avoided. B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“suggests that most of the 6，000 to 7，000 world languages don't have a word for ‘thank you’”可推知，感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。 B (2026·济南一模)It's a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ” The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It's how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It's multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words—a totally different context. Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that coded communication works best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”， she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying ironically that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language's efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。 5．What does the complaint in paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A.The inconsistence between words and meaning. B.The importance of remembering vital moments. C.The necessity of straightforward communication. D.The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中的“Communication is more than words...a particular word.”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。 6．What may make human language different from true codes? A.The context included in understanding meanings. B.The definitions made by words in communication. C.The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D.The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在理解人类语言时，不仅要理解所说的单词，更要理解他们所使用的语境，即理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。 7．How does Mary's statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A.It simplifies language to save time. B.It covers the true feelings of people. C.It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D.It uses fewer words for complex meanings. D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Irony is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words.”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。 8．What does the author suggest in communication? A.Focusing on the opposite. B.Taking language literally. C.Reading beyond the words. D.Avoiding using ironic tones. C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，而非局限于字面意思。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2026·山东名校考试联盟一模)Learning a language is full of fulfilling steps, from the excitement of your first conversation with a fluent speaker to the intellectual challenge of mastering grammar rules. But at some point, you need to handle an unavoidable task. 1.________ Here are our top tips for absorbing new English words efficiently! Flashcards are a great tool, especially for beginners. However, make sure to practice the words you learn in different contexts. For example, if you learn food-related words, try reading an English recipe to see how they're used. 2.________ This way, you can focus on words you've encountered in your studies, making them easier to remember. The saying “use it or lose it” applies perfectly to vocabulary. If you don't use new words, you'll forget them. 3.________ Ideally, practice it in conversation with an English speaker. For instance, after learning haircut-related vocabulary, visit an English-speaking barber to test your new words. 4．________ Studies show that handwriting helps you remember information better than typing. The reason isn't entirely clear, but it could be because writing requires more time and intentional movements. This simple trick can make a big difference in remembering vocabulary. Another trick is to note down the new words whenever you encounter them. Each word you record comes with its own context, making it easier to remember. 5.________ Over time, your notebook will become a valuable resource for expanding your vocabulary. Over time, these small intentional efforts will build a strong foundation for fluency. With patience and persistence, you'll find yourself confidently using new words in conversations, reading, and writing, bringing you closer to your language goals. A.You have to memorize a bunch of words. B.Will typing replace handwriting one day? C.There is no need to worry about your language learning. D.When you learn a word, try to use it in real-life situations. E.Start small by writing down five new words per study time. F.You can also create your own flashcards instead of using pre-made ones. G.Writing new words by hand may seem old-fashioned, but it's surprisingly effective. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习语言时如何高效掌握新单词的几种方法。 1．A　解析：上文提到不可避免的任务，下文提到掌握新单词的方法，空处应承上启下，说明词汇是学习语言不可避免的任务，A项符合语境。 2．F　解析：本段介绍了在实际语境中运用教学卡片学习词汇的方法，空处内容应与教学卡片相关，F项进一步举例说明，且呼应下文中的This way，符合语境。 3．D　解析：本段提到了学以致用的方法，空处内容应与将所学内容运用到生活中相关，D项符合语境。 4．G　解析：根据下文“Studies show that...better than typing.”可推知，空处内容应与手写单词相关，G项符合语境。 5．E　解析：本段讲述遇到新单词要记下来，有上下文的词汇更容易记住，空处内容应与积累新单词相关，E项符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2026·合肥高三质检)My early school years were a struggle. I had little interest in many subjects and couldn't __1__ what I was capable of. Since I had been unsuccessful in almost all I attempted, I had lost my __2__．There was a time when I would never __3__ with anyone around me. Things didn't __4__ until one sunny afternoon when I saw kids swimming and laughing in a community pool. At that moment, I suddenly felt a sense of __5__ and realized that I needed to make a change and __6__ myself. I thought it might be helpful to learn a new __7__ and be part of a different group of people. So, I __8__ a swimming course. In the first few weeks, my instructor was quite __9__ my sincerity and abilities. This was a vital moment—it made me realize how __10__ it is for a person to discover their __11__ and fully pursue it. As the days went by, I began swimming __12__ in local swim meets and even won a few medals. Surprisingly, I made __13__ improvements as well, and finally went to college. When my parents expressed their complete admiration for my performance, my dignity was largely __14__． Now, I work as a lifeguard, a mountaineer, and a coach. If there's one thing I've learned, it's that you just need to give yourself a __15__．Everything I've done has been driven by a single goal—to realize my potential. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者早年对学习缺乏兴趣，多次失败后失去自尊，不愿与人互动。后来决定重塑自己，作者不仅在游泳比赛中获奖，学业也取得进步，最终进入大学，自尊得以恢复，并领悟到“给自己一次机会”对发挥潜力的关键意义。 1．A.deny 　　　 B．recognize C.accept D．abandon B　解析：根据上文“My early school years...interest in many subjects”可知，作者对许多科目几乎没有兴趣，也不能意识到(recognize)自己能干什么。 2．A.patience B．focus C.dignity D．sympathy C　解析：根据上文“Since I had been...all I attempted” 和第三段的 “When my parents expressed their...my dignity was largely ______．”可知，作者几乎所有的尝试都失败了，感觉失去了自尊(dignity)。 3．A.fight B．negotiate C.cooperate D．interact D　解析：根据上文和语境可知，作者不愿意和周围的人交流互动 (interact)。 4．A.settle B．work C.improve D．worsen C　解析：根据下文“I suddenly...make a change”可知，直到作者看到孩子们在社区游泳池里有说有笑，事情才有所改善(improve)。 5．A.regret B．peace C.achievement D．inspiration D　解析：根据下文“realized that I needed to make a change”可知，看到孩子们在社区游泳池里有说有笑，作者受到了启发(inspiration)。 6．A.reinvent B．express C.surprise D．question A　解析：根据上文“realized that I needed to make a change”可知，作者决定作出改变，重塑(reinvent)自我。 7．A.concept B．routine C.skill D．insight C　解析：根据下文“be part of a different group of people.So, I ______ a swimming course.”可知，作者想学习一项新技能(skill)。 8．A.put together for B．kept up with C.dropped out of D．signed up for D　解析：根据下文a swimming course和my instructor可知，作者报名参加(sign up for)了一个游泳课程。 9．A.impressed with B．concerned with C.dismissive of D．critical of A　解析：根据下文“my sincerity and abilities”可知，在最初几周里，教练对作者的真诚和能力印象深刻。be impressed with意为“对……印象深刻”。 10．A.alarming B．crucial C.unforgettable D．confusing B　解析：根据语境和下文“Everything I've done has been driven by a single goal—to realize my potential.”可知，这是一个极为重要的时刻——它让作者意识到一个人发现自己的潜力(potential)并全力追求是多么重要(crucial)。 11．A.potential B．success C.secret D．fortune A　解析：参见上题解析。 12．A.nervously B．competitively C.properly D．smoothly B　解析：根据下文“in local swim meets and even won a few medals”可知，作者开始参加当地的游泳比赛，甚至赢得了几枚奖牌。competitively意为“竞争地，角逐地”。 13．A.administrative B．technological C.academic D．economic C　解析：根据下文“and finally went to college”可知，令人惊讶的是，作者也取得了学业上的(academic)进步，最终上了大学。 14．A.restored B．ruined C.observed D．revealed A　解析：根据第一段“I had lost my ______” 和此处语境可知，此处是与之前的对比。之前作者因为屡屡失败感觉失去了自尊，现在作者有了极大的改变，父母对作者的表现表示赞赏，作者的自尊恢复(restore)了。 15．A.blessing B．plan C.reward D．chance D　解析：根据第二段“At that moment...a swimming course.”和下文“Everything I've done has been driven by a single goal”可知， 如果说作者学到了什么，那就是只需要给自己一个机会(chance)。 Ⅳ.语法填空 (2025·八省联考)In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization's six official languages.The goal was two-fold: 1.____________(celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six 2.____________(tongue). Language is the carrier of communication, the bridge of interaction between nations, 3.____________ the bond of understanding among civilizations. At the same time, a language and its individual 4.____________(write) forms make up the “soul” of a nation's cultural tradition.Every language is worthy of respect and should 5.____________(treat) equally. The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform 6.____________ the world to better understand China, but also 7.____________(promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world. Today, more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems.Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 8.____________(improve) communication and cooperation between China and 9.____________ rest of the world.As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 10.____________(innovate), and its inclusiveness.China, on its part, will also embrace the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国全球传播部为六种官方语言设立语言日，其中的联合国中文日帮助世界更好地了解中国，推动语言和文化交流。 1．to celebrate　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was，空处应为非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处表目的，且与to promote并列，应用动词不定式。 2．tongues　解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的all six可知，应用名词复数形式。 3．and　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，the carrier of communication、the bridge of interaction between nations、the bond of understanding among civilizations三个短语是并列关系，共同作is的表语，空处应用并列连词and连接。 4．written　解析：考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，make up为本句的谓语动词，空后的forms是名词，应用形容词形式修饰，written表示“书面的”。 5．be treated　解析：考查动词的语态。根据语境可知，主语Every language是动作treat的承受者，应用被动语态，空前是should，应用be treated。 6．for　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“为世界更好地了解中国提供了一个特别的平台”，provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。 7．promotes　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句包含“not only...but also...”结构，空处与provides并列作谓语，均表示客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The UN Chinese Language Day是单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。 8．improving　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，空前的in是介词，空处应用动词-ing形式作宾语。 9．the　解析：考查冠词。“the rest of...”是固定短语，意为“其余的……”，用于特指剩下的部分。 10．innovation　解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词through的宾语，应用名词形式，innovation在此处意为“创新”，为不可数名词。 A篇 [高频词]place value on重视　casual adj.随意的，非正式的　title v．加标题　weaken v．减弱　goodwill n．友善，友好　[障碍词]habitual adj.惯常的；典型的　norm n．常态；规范，标准　formality n．正式性；拘谨　[熟词生义]paper (常用义) n.纸　(文章义) n．论文　practice (常用义) n．练习，实践　(文章义) n．惯例 B篇 [高频词]romantic adj.浪漫的　more than不仅仅　identical adj.相同的　definition n．含义，定义　literally adv.逐字地；字面上 [障碍词]multi-dimensional adj.多维的　inferential adj.推理的　ironically adv.讽刺地　showcase v．展示　[熟词生义]state (常用义) n．状况；州　(文章义) v．陈述，说明 七选 五 [高频词]fulfilling adj.令人满足的；使人有成就感的　at some point 在某些时候　recipe n．食谱　ideally adv.理想地；观念上地　intentional adj.故意的，有意的　note down写下　[障碍词]unavoidable adj.无法避免的 完形 填空 [高频词]capable adj.有能力的，有才能的　sincerity n．诚意，真挚　vital adj.必不可少的，对……极为重要的　potential n．潜力，潜质　[障碍词]instructor n．教练，导师　dignity n．尊严，自尊　reinvent v．彻底改造，重新创造，以新形象示人 语法 填空 [高频词]official adj.正式的，官方的　carrier n．搬运物，运输工具；携带者　individual adj.独特的；单独的　make up构成　[障碍词]inclusiveness n．包容性　[熟词生义]institute (常用义)n.机构　(文章义)v.建立(体系、政策等)；开始；实行 长难句分析 [七选五]This way, you can focus on words you've encountered in your studies, making them easier to remember. [分析]　本句是复合句。“you've encountered in your studies”为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词words；现在分词短语“making...”作结果状语。 [译文]　通过这种方式，你能把精力集中在那些在学习过程中遇到过的单词上，让它们更容易记住。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $